翻译与写作
翻译及写作词组句型
1、as 句型：(1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……；正如……”正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。
(2) as＋形容词／副词原级＋（a ／an）＋名词＋as ;否定式：not as/so --- as他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。
(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。
(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。
(5) such --- as--- 象……之类的…… （接名词或定语从句）他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。
(6) the same ＋名词＋as 和……一样的…… （接名词或定语从句）他不是从前的那样子了。
(7) as 引导非限制性定语从句众所周知，知识就是力量。
(8)引导时间状语从句。
与while意义相近随着我们长大，我们也变得越来越聪明。
(9) 引导原因状语从句，与because的用法相近因为越来越迟了，所以我们不久就回来了。
(10) 引导让步状语从句尽管他是一个小孩，但他对科学了解得很多。
2、prefer 句型：(1) prefer to do sth我宁愿呆在家里。
(2) prefer doing sth我喜欢打防守。
(3) prefer sb to do sth你愿意我留下来吗？(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……宁愿…...而不愿.…".我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去.(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth我喜欢看篮球，不喜欢打篮球。
(6) prefer sth to sth我要茶不要咖啡。
3、when 句型：(1) be doing sth ---- when ---他正笑着的时候门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。
(2) be about to do sth --- when ---我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。
翻译与写作考试题库及答案
翻译与写作考试题库及答案一、翻译题题目一：请将以下中文句子翻译成英文。
中文：随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越便捷。
答案：English: With the development of technology, our lives are becoming more and more convenient.题目二：请将以下英文段落翻译成中文。
英文：The rapid growth of the Internet has transformed the way we communicate and access information.答案：中文：互联网的快速增长已经改变了我们沟通和获取信息的方式。
二、写作题题目一：写一篇不少于300字的短文，描述你理想中的未来城市。
答案：在未来的城市里，科技与自然和谐共存。
高楼大厦与绿色植被交织，太阳能和风能成为主要的能源来源。
交通系统高效便捷，无人驾驶汽车和公共交通工具无缝连接，减少了交通拥堵和污染。
教育和医疗资源通过虚拟现实技术实现共享，无论身在何处，都能享受到优质的教育和医疗服务。
人们的生活方式更加健康，社区活动丰富多彩，邻里关系和谐，每个人都能在这个城市中找到属于自己的位置。
题目二：以“时间管理”为主题，写一篇不少于400字的议论文。
答案：时间管理是提高工作效率和生活质量的关键。
有效的时间管理意味着能够合理安排工作和休息时间，避免拖延和压力。
首先，制定清晰的计划是时间管理的第一步。
通过列出任务清单和设定优先级，我们可以更清晰地了解自己的工作和生活目标。
其次，合理分配时间资源，确保每项任务都有足够的时间完成。
此外，避免分心和干扰也是时间管理的重要组成部分。
关闭不必要的电子设备通知，创造一个有利于专注的工作环境，可以显著提高工作效率。
最后，定期回顾和调整时间管理策略，以适应不断变化的工作和生活需求。
三、综合应用题题目：你是一名翻译工作者，你的客户需要将一篇关于环保的演讲稿翻译成英文。
英语翻译与写作加强版
英语翻译与写作短语努力学习：work hard=toil and moil改变：change=vary=wax and wane=fluctuate back and forth土豪：a man with telephone-number-sized bank account让某人回忆起某事：remind sb of sth=jog ones memory of/on竭尽所能：try ones best=do ones level best=spare no effort to do=exert all ones strength to do=manage to do=endeavor to do=bend/lean/fall over backwards to do=work like a trojan优缺点:merit/demerit=inferiority/superiority=advantage/disadvantage超出某人的…:beyond ones comprehension/imagination/scope/level然而：however=by contrast=conversely=otherwise=nevertheless不向某人屈服：bend ones knees to受影响：be affected by=be influenced by=be susceptible to不可避免的：inevitable=unavoidable=inexorable不容质疑的：undoubteably=unquestionable因此：in consequence=therefore=consequensely=hense导致：lead to=induce=result to=contribute to=entail sb doing=give rise to 顶级的：top-tier/class/rank因为；since=in that=duo to精神财富：spiritual treasure世界著名的：internationally famous/prestigious低估：underestimate=think poorly to超出水平：beyond ones level令人感动的：touching=affecting=moving解决挑战：approach challenge克服困难：overcome tribulation大步前进：stride forward相反地：contrarily=conversely=by contrast=on the contrary内向性格：introverted personality精神财富：spiritual wealth巨星云集：a galaxy of famous actors随心所欲：at ones will享誉中外：national and international reputation 有启迪意义的：illuminating有价值的：fulfilling不同的：distinct=striking different满怀感恩：with great gratitude创造未来：struggle to build a future多元文化并存：the coexistence of muti-culture 长期：in the long run=in the long term代代相传：pass down to残疾的：handicapped=physical- challenged天生。
专升本翻译和写作练习题
单句翻译训练1.The threat of any kind of power failure usually puts fear into the heartsof many people.2.I once came near being drowned in the attempt to swim across this river.3.The tape recorder can be a very effective aid to teaching if it is usedimaginatively.4.The time of the hot summer weather lasted so long that the old could scarecelybear it.5.Good English skills help you express yourself so that others can understandexactly what you mean.1.任何一种类型的断电都会给人们造成内心的恐慌;2.在试图渡过这条河时,我差点被淹死;3.如果使用得当,录音机可以起到很好的教学辅助作用;4.炎热的夏天持续的时间太久,使老人几乎无法忍受;5.流畅的英语表达能力可以使你准确地表达你的观点;6.Now television pictures can be sent from one side of the world to the otherby means of satellites.7.Since human beings depend to some degree on forests, every effort must bemade to preserve trees.8.She worked very hard; otherwise she could not have passsed the entranceexamination.9.In many developiing countries, cigarette smoking is even seen as a sign ofeconomic progress.10.Since Altantic College is on the coast, many of the activities for thestudents are related to the sea or water in general.1.电视图像现在可以借助于卫星来进行传递了;2.因为人类依赖于森林,因此应竭尽全力保护树木;3.她学习非常刻苦,否则将无法通过入学考试;4.在许多发展中国家,吸烟甚至被看作是经济进步的标志;5.因为大西洋学院坐落在沿海地区,所以学生的各种活动都和海或水有关;11.After long negotiation, the firm contracted to build a double-purpose bridgeacross the river.12.in addition to some money in a savings bank account, my assets includeproperly inherited from my father.13.Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also expressthese thougts in words, which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions.14.The status would be perfect but for a few small flaws in its base.15.The machine needs a complete mending since it has been in use for over tenyears.1.经过长时间地谈判后,这家公司才签约承建一座横跨大江的两用大桥;2.除了储蓄账户上的一笔钱外,我的所有财产还包括从父亲那儿继承到得财产;3.着名的作家就是那些不仅有崇高思想的,而且还能用对我们的思想和感情产生强烈影响的语言来表达这些思想的人;4.除了基座上几个瑕疵意外,整个雕像是完美的;因为已经连续使用了十多年时间,这台机器常需要维修16.Though he is the president’s son, that does not qualify him to criticizemy work.17.You must be more careful in doing what you do. Don’t omit anything.18.I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flatrefusal.19.if no importance is attached to collecting information, we cannot survivein such an intensely competitive society, because it is the basis on which we make our dicisions.20.The period of adolescence may be long or short, depending on socialexpectation and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood.1.尽管他是董事长的儿子,那并不意味着他有资格来指责我的工作;2.希望在做任何时要更加仔细一点,绝不要漏掉任何东西;3.我费了好大劲来涚服他参加我们的组织,但却遭到断然拒绝;4.如果对收集信息没有给与重视的话,我们就无法在竞争中如此激烈的社会上生存,因为信息是制定决策的理论基础;5.青春期有长有短,取决于社会的期待以及社交环境成熟和成人的特点的认识;21.we are trying to make people more sensitive to the difficulties faced bythe laid-off workers.我们要使更多的人认识到下岗工人面对的困难段落翻译1.Smoking is harmful to the health of people, Governments in the world should conduct serious campaigns against it. Restriction on cigarette advertisements plus health warnings on packages and bans on public smoking in certain places like theaters, cinemas and restaurants, are the most popular tools used by nations in support of nonsmokers or in curbing smoking.段落翻译1. 吸烟对人们的健康有害;世界各国政府应该开展认真的反吸烟的运动;限制吸烟广告,每包香烟上加印有害健康的警告,以及禁止在电影院、餐馆等公共场所吸烟;这些都是许多国家用以支持不吸烟者和控制吸烟最常用的办法;2.As to the child education, there was a more relaxed family, in which the young people felt equal to the adults. They were not perssured to get good marks at school to make their parents proud, and they knew that they would be free to choose their own studies and later their own career. Obviously, their parents still believed in individual freedom.2. 在孩子的教育问题上有一些较开明的家庭;在这样的家庭里,孩子们感到自己和大人是平等的,没有人给他们施加压力,要他们在学习中去获得好分数为父母争光;他们知道可以自由选择自己的学科,今后也有选择职业的自由;显而易见,他们的父母信奉个人自由;3. At school the students need to increase their knowledge in an organized way, to acquire sufficicent vocabulary in science for effective communication, and to learn some practical knowledge because it is very important in everyday life, such as knowledge that is useful for their health, for their safety, and for understanding of his surrounding.3. 在学校,学生需要系统地积累知识,获得足够的科学词汇进行有效地交际;学生还要从一些日常生活中学习很重要的实际知识,诸如对自己的健康、人身安全以及了解周围环境方面有用的知识;4. There are many differences between Chinese and western cultures. For example,a Chinese student asks his American teacher, “Have you had lunch The American teacher might think it a very strange question. Some questions that in Chinese belong to polite small talks might be considered instrusive.4. 中国文化与西方文化存在许多差别;比如,一个中国学生尊敬地问他的美国老师：“你吃了吗”美国老师会认为这是一个非常奇怪的问题;一些汉语表达是属于礼貌的问候在美国可能被认为是冒犯性的语句;5. In today’s complicated economic world, neither individual’s nore nations are self-sufficient. Nations have used different economic resources, and people have grasped various skills. This is the foundation of the world trade and economic activity, internaitonal finance and banking are developed gradually.5. 在当今复杂的经济世界中,任何个人和国家都不能自给自足;各国利用了不同的经济资源,人们掌握了不同的技能;这是世界贸易和经济活动的基础;由于这种世界贸易和经济活动,国际金融业和银行业也逐渐发展起来;6. Psychologists believe that our dreams can often give us some interesting information about ourselves. On the simplest level, dreams can make us aware of things we have missed during the day because we were too busy to notice them. On a deeper level, dreams can show us how we really feel about our relationships with others.6. 心理学家认为人们的梦通常能让我们了解自己的一些情况;从浅层次上来说,睡梦能使我们意识到由于白天太忙二忽视了得事情,在较深的层次上,睡梦能显示我们对自己与他人关系的真实感受;7. Since its establishment, the Hope Project has won widespread support from Chinese zitizens, who have generally donated money; clothing and school supplies to help poor children in rural areas stay in or go back to school. The setting up of the project indicates that the Chinese authorities have finally come to terms with realities in the countryside, where life still difficult, and, for many young children, going to school is economically infeasible.7. 希望工程从开始之日起,就得到了中国民众的广泛支持,他们慷慨解囊、捐赠服装和教学用品,以帮助农村地区的穷困儿童留校就读或重返学校;建立这个工程表明,中国有关当局已最终接受农村的现实,那里的生活仍然很困难,同时对于许多儿童来说,上学在经济上时根本行不通的;8．We have learned from our Embassy that you are interested in importing Chinese silk products .We are a long-established exporter of silk products in china and we have a very good reputation both at home and abroad. Our products sell well all over the word and highly valued by our customers for their excellent quality and fine workmanship工艺 Enclosed price list covering all the products. We are looking forward to your early reply.8. 从我们的大使馆获悉贵公司欲进口一批中国丝织品;我们公司长期在中国从事丝织品出口业务并在国内外一直享有盛誉,,其优良的品质和精湛的工艺深受顾客好评;随函附寄我们所有的产品以及价目单;期待贵方的早日回复;9. New York Student Housing CenterWe have got what students are looking for in off-campus and see our houses-safe, affordable ,such and convenient for living. All the facilties that you are concerned about are available, such as cable TV ,Internet access, fully furnished提供家具的and ready for moving in We also have comfortable apartments or rooms for roommate share .the rent may be paid weekly ,monthly or yearly. Contact us at 800-298-3579 if you are interested.9. 纽约学生住宿服务中心我们提供学生需要的校外住房;请来看看我们的房子;我们的住房便宜、安全且居住方便;你们所关心的设施一应俱全,例如有线电视,因特网接口等,家具齐全,随时可以入住套房或者单间供你和他人合租;房租可以按周、季度或年度支付;有意者请打电话800-298-3579与我们联系;10. On July 10th the company will hold its first worldwide video conference 电视会议 .All twenty facilities will be linked by a satellite broadcasting system SO that employees can see and speak with each other. Mr. Black will begin the conference by telling US about our goals for the next five years. Next,each manager will speak about current challenges. devoted to questions from all locations. If it proves successful,we hope to schedule worldw2耀e video conferences annually10. 7月10日公司将举行电视会议;20个设施将通过一个卫星传播系统连接起来,这样员工就可以观看并且相互讨论;会议一开始,布莱克先生将会对公司接下来5年内的目标进行说明;接着,每一位经理会对目前面临的挑战进行阐述;最后一小时将会留给各个分支机构进行提问;如果这次成功的话,我们希望以后每年都会举行世界范围内的电视会议;。
医学英语写作与翻译
第三部分医学英语的写作任务一标题的写作（Title）标题的结构1. 名词+介词Blindness（视觉缺失）after Treatment for Malignant Hypertension 2. 名词+分词Unilateral Neurogenic Pruritus Following Stroke中风后单侧神经性瘙痒3. 名词+不定式Suggestion to Abolish Icterus Index Determination（黄疸指数测定）where Quantitative Bilirubin Assay（胆红素定量）is Available建议能做胆红素定量的化验室不再做黄疸指数测定4. 名词+同位语Gentamicine, a Selelctive Agent for the isolation of Betahemolytic Streptocc ociβ-溶血性链球菌庆大霉素是分离β-溶血性链球菌的选择性药物5. 名词+从句Evidence that the V-sis Gene Product Transforms by Interaction with the Receptor for Platelet-derived Growth Factor血小板源性生长因子.V-sis 基因产物由血小板生成因子受体相互作用而转化的依据6. 动名词短语Preventing Stroke in patients with Atrial Fibrillation心房纤维性颤动心旁纤颤患者中风预防Detecting Acute Myocardial Infarction（急性心肌梗死）byRadio-immunoassay for Creative Kinase（酐激酶）用放射免疫法测定酐激酶诊断急性心肌梗死7. 介词短语On Controlling Rectal Cancer8. 陈述句Dietary Cholesterol is Co-carcinogenic协同致癌因素for Human Colon Cancer9. 疑问句Home or Hospital BirthsIs Treatment of Borderline Hypertension Good or Bad?注意副标题的作用1．数目：Endoluminal Stent-graft 带支架腔内搭桥for Aortic Aneurysms动脉瘤: A report of 6 cases带支架腔内搭桥治疗动脉瘤的六例报告2．重点：Aorto-arteritis 大动脉炎Chest X-ray Appearance and Its Clinical Significance大动脉炎胸部X线表现及临床意义3．方法：Gallstone Ileus（胆结石梗阻）: A Retrospective Study 4．作用：Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Breast-cancer Tissue: A useful prognostic indictor乳腺癌组织中癌胚抗原——一种有用的预后指示5．疑问：Unresolved—Do drinkers have less coronary heart disease? 6．连载顺序：Physical and Chemical Studies of Human Blood Serum: II. A study of miscellaneous Disease conditions人类血清的理论研究：II. 多种病例的研究7．时间：A Collaborative 综合Study of Burn Nursing in China: 1995-1999常见标题句式举例1. 讨论型：Discussion of/ on; An approach to; A probe into; Investigation of; Evaluation of / on汉语中的“初步体会”、“试论”、“浅析”之类的谦辞可以不译。
英语翻译与写作常用短语精选
Education 教育input in education 教育投入communal participation 社会参与enhance the moral awareness of 提高……的思想品德professional ethics 职业道德credit system 学分制guarantee job assignments 包分配multi-disciplinary 多学科的key university 重点大学national expenditure on education 国家教育经费account for…% 占百分比intercultural communication 国际文化交流equal stress on integrity and ability 德才兼备to become educated through independent study 自学成材compulsory education 普及教育preschool/elementary/secondary/higher/ education 学前/初等/中等/高等教育adult education 成人教育vocational and technical education 职业技术教育institutions of higher learning 高等学校in-service training course 在职进修班compulsory/optional course 必修/选修课record of formal schooling 学历diploma 文凭，学历证明Economy and Reform 经济与改革GNP (gross national product) 国民生产总值per capita 人均give incentive to 鼓励improve economic environment 改善经济环境rectify economic order 整顿经济秩序control inflation 控制通货膨胀invigorate enterprises 搞活企业poor management/poorly managed 管理不善primary/secondary/tertiary industry 第一/第二/第三产业foreign funded enterprises 外资企业joint venture 合资企业wholly foreign owned funded enterprises 独自企业living standard 生活水平Industry 工业fixed assets 固定资产Sino-foreign joint venture 中外合资企业autonomy in operation 经营自主deficit 亏空，赤字economic strength 经济实力total industrial and agricultural output value 工农业总产值national economic system 国民经济体系to work for more and better economic result 提高经济效益national revenue 国民收入consumption level 消费水平Foreign Trade and Special Economic Zones 对外贸易和经济特区interior areas 内地trading partner 贸易伙伴corporate income tax 企业所得税export/import duty 出口/进口关税to coordinate the development 协调发展to be approved by the state 国家批准balance of payment 收支平衡transnational corporation 跨国公司economic and technological development zone 经济技术开发区utilize foreign investment 利用外资direct foreign investment 国外直接投资to improve investment environment 改善投资环境technology and knowledge intensive project 技术密集，知识密集型项目favorable/unfavorable trade balance 顺差/逆差Women and Children 妇女儿童legal system 法制enact 制定，颁布minor 未成年人self recognition 对自我价值的认识only child 独生子女self-centered 以自我为中心的The Elderly and the Family 老人和家庭life expectancy 预期寿命to become common practice 蔚然成风well-being 幸福，福利respecting the old and loving the young 尊老爱幼Population and Family Planning 人口与计划生育incentive 鼓励，刺激curb 限制，抑制consumption 消费institute 设立，制定penalty 惩罚census 人口普查population density 人口密度densely/sparsely populated 人口稠密/稀少aging of population 人口老化family planning 计划生育to practice family planning 实行计划生育to curb population growth 控制人口增长to have fewer and but healthier children 少生优生baby boom 生育高峰Environment Protection 环境保护ecological 生态的prerequisite/precondition 先决条件sustain 维持exploit/develop 开发，利用perspective 观点，看法extinction （生物）灭绝deteriorate 恶化urbanization 都市化vegetation coverage 植物覆盖marine life 海洋生物discharge 排放to protect rare animals and plants 保护珍稀动物和植物wild animal/wild life 野生动物renewable/non-renewable resources 可更新/不可更新资源ecological balance 生态平衡natural reserve 自然保护区ecosystem 生态系统environmental pollution 环境污染integrated control of environmental pollution 环境污染综合防治afforestation 植树造林shelterbelt 防护林带soil erosion 水土流失desertification 沙化acid rain 酸雨Foreign Policies 对外政策cornerstone 基石reiterate 重申observe/abide by 遵守in compliance with 遵照open vast vistas 开辟广阔的前景confrontation 对抗to seek common grounds while reserving differences 求同存异friendly exchanges 友好往来NATO 北约UNESCO 联合国教科文组织UN 联合国OPEC 世界石油输出国组织APEC 亚太经合组织WTO 世界贸易组织IMF 国际货币基金组织。
沈复《童趣》原文与翻译个人写作
沈复《童趣》原文与翻译个人写作沈复《童趣》原文与翻译沈复（1763年——18____年），字三白，号梅逸，清乾隆二十八年生于长洲（今江苏苏州）。
清代著名文学家。
著有《浮生六记·闲情记趣》。
工诗画、散文。
据《浮生六记》来看，他出身于幕僚家庭，没有参加过科举考试，曾以卖画维持生计。
乾隆四十二年（公元1777年）随父亲到浙江绍兴求学。
乾隆四十九年（公元1784年），乾隆皇帝巡查江南，沈复随父亲恭迎圣驾。
后来到苏州从事酒业。
他与妻子陈芸感情甚好，因遭家庭变故，夫妻曾旅居外地，历经坎坷。
妻子死后，他去四川充当幕僚。
此后情况不明。
沈复既非秀才举人，也非文人墨客,达官贵族，他出身于“衣冠之家”，师读书，但后习幕经商，后又卖画为生，浪迹四海。
原文余忆童稚时，能张目对日，明察秋毫，见藐小之物必细察其纹理，故时有物外之趣。
夏蚊成雷，私拟作群鹤舞于空中，心之所向，则或千或百，果然鹤也；昂首观之，项为之强。
又留蚊于素帐中，徐喷以烟，使之冲烟而飞鸣，作青云白鹤观，果如鹤唳云端，为之怡然称快。
余常于土墙凹凸处，花台小草丛杂处，蹲其身，使与台齐；定神细视，以丛草为林，以虫蚁为兽，以土砾凸者为丘，凹者为壑，神游其中，怡然自得。
一日，见二虫斗草间，观之，兴正浓，忽有庞然大物，拔山倒树而来，盖一癞虾蟆，舌一吐而二虫尽为所吞。
余年幼，方出神，不觉呀然一惊。
神定，捉虾蟆，鞭数十，驱之别院。
译文我回忆自己年幼的时候，能够张大眼睛直视太阳，也能注意到最细微的事物。
（当我）见到微小的事物，必定会仔细观察它的纹理，所以常常能感受到超出事物本身的乐趣。
夏天蚊子的嗡嗡声如雷，我暗暗把它们比作成群的白鹤在空中飞舞。
我心里这样想，成千上百的蚊子果真变成白鹤了；我抬着头看它们，脖子也因此僵硬了。
（我）又留几只蚊子在未染色的帐子里，慢慢地用烟喷它们，让它们冲着烟雾边飞边鸣叫，形成“青云白鹤”的景观，果然就像白鹤在云端飞鸣，因此我高兴得拍手叫好。
(word完整版)高中英语句子翻译与写作第3章动词不定式
第三章动词不定式历届试题1．当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于顾客。
(choice) (S02)2．这个游戏的规则太复杂，三言两语解释不清。
(too…to)(S04)3．为了保持健康，我们经常参加体育锻炼。
(To… ) (Ss06)4．是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥，委员们意见不一。
(agree) (Ss06)5．我忘了提醒他面试的时间。
(remind) (S07)6．我们打篮球的时间到了。
(time) (S08)7．他设法把游客及时送到机场。
(manage)(S08)I. 作主语1．怎样在上海消除污染，这不是一个容易对付的问题。
(get rid of)2．医生说怎样说服人们停止吸烟不是一个容易对付的问题。
(deal with)3．是否要在黄浦江下面再造一条隧道将在明天的会议上讨论。
(whether to)4．一直学习而不放松会有害于我们的健康。
(do harm)5．如何有效地利用太阳能是节约能源的途径之一。
(make use of)6．颁发奖学金是鼓励学生的好办法之一。
(award)II. 作表语1．他的愿望是做个艺术家。
(wish)2．我每天早上做的第--45事情是打开收音机听天气预报和当日新闻。
(the news of the day) 3．考试的目的是要检查学生是否掌握了所学的知识。
(check)4．问题是如何采取行动来执行对污染的严格限制。
(restriction)5．了解这个城市的最好办法是在这个城市到处看看。
(tour)6．环保问题的讨论有待在下一次会议上进行。
(remain)7．江泽民主席对非洲五国的访问证明是个巨大的成功。
(prove)8．我觉得孩子成功的关键是学会对自己做的事情负责。
(be responsible)9．植物的根的主要功能是从土壤中吸收水分和养分。
(take in)10．买保险的目的是保护自己免受意外事故带来的损失。
(protect…against)III. 作宾语1．成年人应该知道如何帮助孩子们在智力上发展。
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题目：语议论文；2）结合语言研究需要不断创新、跨学科研究是创新的动力以及跨学科的语言研究有助于发现问题和解决问题。
Ⅱ.Translate the following passage from Chinese into English. (40分)
运河千年流芳，拱墅自古繁华。新石器时代末期，在今上塘镇皋亭村水田畈一带就有人类活动。自隋唐以来，拱墅就是南北水陆交通要道和繁华商埠。至南宋时，得益于便捷的运河水运，成为各路商家的货物集散地，从大关桥至米市巷，“百货辐辏，商贾云集，千舻万舳，往返不绝”，成了名扬天下的“东南财赋之乡”。元代“北关夜市”成为钱塘八景之一。运河两岸距今四、五千年历史的半山水田畈遗址、富义仓遗址、小河直街历史文化街区等历史文化遗存，无不彰显着拱墅古老而璀璨的文明。
What kind of an account shall we be able to give to those who come after us of our dealings with the earth, which our forefathers handed down to us still beautiful, in spite of all the thousands of years of strife and carelessness and selfishness?
攻读硕士研究生入学考试题
考试科目代码：815
考试科目名称：翻译与写作
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
Ⅰ.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese. (40分)
For, without beating about the bush, let us consider what the real state of art is. And first I must ask you to extend the word art beyond those matters which are consciously works of art, to take in not only painting and sculpture, and architecture, but the shapes and colors of all household goods, nay, even the arrangement of the fields for tillage and pasture, the management of towns and of our highways of all kinds; in a word, to extend it to the aspect of the externals of our life.
Ⅲ.Please write inEnglishat least 400 words anargumentative essayon the following statement:If There Were No Advertisements.Pay attention to the focus of your theme, development of ideas, origination of structures and choice of dictions.（40分）
For I must ask you to believe that every one of the things that goes to make up the surroundings among which we live must be either beautiful or ugly, either elevating or degrading to us, either a torment and burden to the maker of it to make, or a pleasure and a solace to him. How does it fare therefore with our external surroundings in these days?