简单句句子结构
简单句5种基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型英语是一种结构型的语言,以谓语动词为核心构成各种句型。
下表是简单句的五[(1)Speakaloudsothateveryonecanfollowyou.() (2)BesidesJapanese,hecanalsospeakSpanish.() (3)Hisfatherusedtoworkhardtomakemuchmoney.() (4)Iintendedtolietohim,butfailed.()(5)Unfortunately,Ifailedthedrivingtest.()2.在每一空格上填上恰当的介词。
(1)Idon’tagree_____youcompletely.Ihavemyownopinion. (2)ThedictionaryisnotTom’s.Itbelongs _____me.(3)Useyourhead,andyouwillthink_____somewaystosolvetheproblem. +宾语(S+Vt.+O)(S +LV +P)“保持或状态”类的有等;等。
我是高中生,他是初中生。
四年后,汤姆成了一名医生。
这故事听起来既有趣,又有教育意义。
(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短形容词作表语)) )介词短语作表语)表语从句作表语) 过去分词作表语)(现在分词短语作表语)(3)使用系动词应注意的地方:第一,没有被动语态;第二,一般没有进行时(除了feel 以外);第三,有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。
如:keep,grow,taste,feel,get,smell 等。
第四,非谓语一般用现在分词(这一点仅作了解,高中阶段将涉及。
)例如:Aftertwo-day’streatment,hefeltwellagain.(不用wasfelt) Heremainsanexcellentengineerinthefactory.(不用isremained)比较:We grew sometreesaroundourschoolandthey grow greennow.(grew 是及物动词,意思是________;而grow 是系动词,意思是________) Thepetdog keeps clean.Itis kept byJohnson.(keeps 是________动词,意思是________;而kept 是________动词,意思是________)JustnowI felt thetableandit felt smooth.(摸”;而第二个是________动词,意思是[练习]e)engineer.(2)Putthemeatintherefrigerator(冰箱ce.(7)Pleasekeep__________(安静句型四:主谓双宾结构=主语+及物动词+DO)[讲解](1物为直接宾语。
简单句的六种基本结构

简单句的六种基本结构⏹主语+不及物动词⏹主语+系动词+表语⏹主语+及物动词+宾语⏹主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语⏹主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语⏹There be +主语句型例如•This knife cuts well.•She seems quite satisfied.•Have you fixed my watch yet?•He owed me 50 yuan.•Xiao Li is helping me mend my bicycle.•There stands an old tower in the east of the town.翻译下列句子⏹高考前同学们常常学习到深夜.⏹我等你等了很久了.⏹玻璃很容易碎.⏹她听了这消息好象很平静.⏹他太累了,刚躺下就睡着了.⏹这家工厂没周生产一千辆小汽车.⏹请你把那本书递给我好吗?⏹我去找个人来帮你修理电脑.⏹我们感到我们的心在激烈的跳动.⏹有很多中国学生在国外留学.Keys⏹Students often work deep into night before the entrance exam.⏹I have been waiting for you for a long time.⏹Glass breaks easily.⏹She appeared quite calm at the news.⏹He was so tired that he fell asleep the moment he went to bed.Keys⏹This factory produces 1 ,000 cars a week.⏹Will you please pass me the book?⏹I’ll get someone to repair the computer.⏹We could feel our hearts beating fast.⏹There are many Chinese students studying abroad.简单句的种类⏹根据使用目的, 句子可分为:⏹陈述句⏹疑问句⏹祁使句⏹感叹句陈述句要特别注意陈述句的否定结构1.否定转移:主句谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, imagine 等表“认为, 猜想” 的动词时, 宾语从句的否定习惯上前移到主句谓语上.eg. I don’t think I know you.She doesn’t believe you are wrong.注意: hope 不在此列.误: I don’t hope it will rain.正: I hope it won’t rain.not…until 的句型非强调句型: I don’t know his name until yesterday.强调句型: It was not until yesterday that I knew his name.倒装句: Not until yesterday did I know his name.有时对状语的否定也移到谓语上.翻译: 我今天觉得不舒服.误: I’m feeling not well t oday.正: I’m not feeling well today.2. 含有否定意义的副词句中含有never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely 时, 应视为否定句.I could hardly see anything.He rarely comes to see me.有些句子在结构上属于肯定式, 但含有否定意义的词⏹None of us has been to Beijing.(否定的主语)⏹I saw nothing in the darkness.(否定的宾语)⏹He begged the teacher not to punish him.(否定的宾补)⏹We could find her nowhere.(否定的状语)3. 部分否定⏹all, both,either, every, everybody, everyday, everywhere, always与not 连用时, 表示部分否定.⏹表示全部否定要用no, neither, none, nobody, nothing, never , nowhere 等词.肯定: All the ants go out for food.⏹部分否定:Not all the ants go out for food.或: All the ants don’t go out for food.⏹全部否定:None of the ants go out for food.或:Not any of the ants go out for food.4. 双重否定without与not, no one, nobody, never, can not等否定词连用,意为‘ 无(没有) …不’ , ‘每…必’.No one can see the film without being moved to tears.人们看了这部电影无不为之感动得流泪. They never meet without quarrelling.他们每次见面必要吵架.其他双重否定结构He is not unfit for his job.他不是不称职.There is noboby here who is not a League member.这里人人都是团员.One can’t learn a f oreign language unless he studies hard.除非用功, 否则学不好外语.He couldn’t help laughing.他禁不住大笑起来.5. 强调肯定意义的否定结构⏹这些结构有cannot …too (over, enough, more)⏹You cannot be too careful.或You cannot be over careful. You cannot be careful enough.⏹We cannot praise him too much.⏹---How are you today? --- Couldn’t be better.⏹I couldn’t agree with you more.6.具有否定意义的肯定结构⏹He is too young to go to school.⏹The problem is far from being settled.⏹It is the last thing I want to do.⏹Such a problem is beyond (above) me.⏹I failed to understand the meaning of the sentence.⏹It has been two months since I smoked.疑问句⏹一般疑问句⏹特殊疑问句⏹选择疑问句⏹反意疑问句特殊的反意疑问句结构1. One can’t be too sure, ____ ______ ?2. Tom seldom goes to the cinema, ____ ___?3. The man is unfit for his job, ____ ______?4. Everyone knows me, _____ _______ ?5. No one was hurt in the accident, _____ ____ ?6. I don’t think he can speak Japanese, _____ ____ ?7. You don’t believe she will come, _____ ______ ?8. What you need is more practice, _____ ______ ?1. One can’t be too sur e, can one/he?2. Tom seldom goes to the cinema, does he ?3. The man is unfit for his job, isn’t he ?4. Everyone knows me, doesn’t he /don’t they ?5. No one was hurt in the accident, were they ?6. I don’t think he can speak Japanese, can he ?7. You do n’t believe she will come, do you ?8. What you need is more practice, isn’t it?9. You needn’t do that when your mother is here, ____ ______ ?10. He is a doctor but his wife is a teacher, _____ ______ ?11. Please open the window, _____ ______ ?12. Le t’s to for a walk, ______ _____ ?13. Let us know if you can go with us, _____ ____ ?14. Let me have another try, ____ ______ ?15. Let me help you, ______ _______ ?16. I wish to go home , _____ ______ ?9. You needn’t do that when your mother is here, need you ?10. He is a doctor but his wife is a teacher, isn’t she ?11. Please open the window, will/would you ?12. Let’s go for a walk, shall we ?13. Let us know if you can go with us, will you ?14. Let me have another try, will you ?15. Let me help you, may I ?16. I wish to go home , may I ?17. Your father must be a doctor,_______ ?18. You must go home right now, ______ ?19. You mustn’t smoke here, _________ ?20. You must have met her yesterday, _______ ?21. You must have seen the film many times, ____________ ?陈述部分用SO 开头, 附加部分采用“同向”疑问.⏹So you are getting married , are you?⏹So you don’t like my cooking, don’t you?⏹口语对话中, 当某人的话表示讥讽或怀疑时, 往往简略重复对方的话后再加上简短问句.①--- Tom told me he saw a bear last night.--- He did, did he?②--- Y ou mustn’t listen to his story.--- Oh, I mustn’t , mustn’t I ?祁使句⏹含主语的祁使句You get out! Everybody stand up!条件祁使句Use your head, and (then) you’ll find a way.→If you use your head, you’ll find a way.Try again, or you’ll fail.→If you don’t try again, you’ll fail.或You’ll fail unless you try again.并列句⏹表示增补关系的并列连词: and, both…and, neither…nor, not…nor, not only …but also, as well as 等.⏹表选择关系的并列连词:or, or else, otherwise, either…or, whether…or.⏹表转折关系: but, while⏹表因果关系: for, so⏹有些副词如besides, moreover, therefore, however, nevertheless, consequently , furthermore等也可以起到并列连词的作用.while 也可表示转折, 但与but 不同的是, 主要强调上下文的一种对比关系.They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they themselves couldn’t.when 作为并列连词意为“这时”, 位于第一分句后, 此时不能用while或as 代替.I was just about to lie down to rest when I saw a snake in the grass.并列连词不能与从属连词混合使用误: Although he was sick, but he went on working.正: Although he was sick, he went on working.He was sick, but he went on working.He was sick, and yet he went on working.Although he was sick, yet he went on working.在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。
简单句的五种基本结构

简单句的五种基本结构简单句的五种基本结构简单句是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。
简单句的谓语部分包括谓语动词及宾语、宾语补足语、表语等不同句子成分,不同谓语动词的不同组合形成简单句的基本句型。
一、主语+连系动词+表语1. 这一句型中的连系动词除be之外,主要有一下几类:(1) 感官系动词:feel(感到,摸起来), look(看起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来)①这衣服是丝绸织的,摸上去很柔软。
②这花闻起来很香。
(2) 渐变类系动词:become(变得,成为), come(成为,变为), fall(变得), get(变得), go(变为;成为), grow(变得), turn (变得)①我弟弟已经成为一个著名作家。
②他的梦想变成了现实。
③听到这个消息,那女孩的脸变红了。
(3) 保持类系动词:keep(保持), remain(依然), stay(保持)①请保持安静。
②你能告诉我保持年轻的秘诀吗?③冬天这座山依然是绿的。
④他一直在这个学校当了二十年的老师。
2. 表语可以由名词、代词、形容词、部分副词、数词、介词等来充当。
如:①他是个化学家。
②这些铅笔是我的。
③他的讲话既长又令人厌烦。
④孩子们出去了。
二、主语+不及物动词1. 本句型的不及物动词是表意动词,在句中作谓语,说明主语的行动、状态或心理活动。
有时态变化,人称和数要和主语保持一致。
常见的不及物动词有agree, arrive, burn, come, dance, die, fall, fly, go, hurry, jump, leave(离开), listen, live, look, move, play, rest, ring, rise, run, shout, sit, skate, smile, snow, speak, stand, stay, stop, swim, travel, talk, try, wait, walk, work, worry等(1) 月亮升起来了。
句子成分及简单句的五种形式

句子成分及简单句的五种形式简单句的五种形式:1.主语+谓语(vi)2.主语+谓语+宾语(vt)3.主语+系动词+表语系动词:(1) be(2) become get grow turn come go fall(3) look smell taste sound feel(4) remain hold keep stand stay(5) turn out prove(6) seem appear4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(复合宾语)elect,feel,find get, have, hear, imagine, keep, make, notice, see, let, smell, start ,watch, appoint, believe, call, catch ,allow, ask, cause, consider, expect, know,tell, think, want, wish, listen to, look at5.主语+谓语+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, write, take, wish, show ,teach ,get ,award, lend, rent, buy ,pay, hand, recommend句子成分1 主语( 动作的发出者,是一个句子的主体,必须用主格形式I you he she we they)He is a boy. The book is interesting.To find a good friend is difficult.Smoking is bad for your health.What is more important is how to get there.2 宾语(动作的承受着,放在及物动词的后边,必须用宾格形式me you him her us them)We often do homework at 6.I teach him English.I don’t know how to do it.We all believe he is honest.3 谓语(既是动词,表示具体的动作,分为及物动词和不及物动词)Later land animals appeared.The scene looks real.We can’t put up with the pollution.4 主语补足语既主补,用来补充说明主语,可以由名词形容词现在分词过去分词动词不定式介词副词等充当。
简单句的5种结构及9种句子成分

简单句的5种结构及9种句子成分一、句子的成分(一)、句子各成分的定义句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语和独立成分9种.主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担.谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语由动词来承担。
宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分,除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整.主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息。
例如:They are working.主语是they(他们),那么他们在做什么呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的.在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后。
定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。
如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。
其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等。
补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。
补语是起补充说明作用的成份.最常见的是宾语补足语。
名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补.表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。
表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。
表语一般放在系动词之后.表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任.同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语(appositive).这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。
简单句的五种基本结构

简单句的五种基本结构简单句的五种基本结构众所周知,英语在进⾏交流时离不开句⼦,⽤句⼦表达时离不开⼀定的规则:有了⼀定的规则,我们才能学到规范的英语,才能讲出地道的英语;有了规范化的语句,才能产⽣新的句⼦;只有规则系统化、规范化,才有助于语⾔知识的吸收、掌握和信息的分析、理解。
所以,学好初中所学过的简单句的五种基本结构,对于提⾼⾃⼰的听、说、读、写、译能⼒⾄关重要。
⼀、简单句常见的五种基本结构1.主+谓2.主+系+表3.主+谓+宾4.主+谓+间宾+直宾5.主+谓+宾+宾补⼆、对于各个基本结构,初中要求掌握的知识有:1.主+谓例如:I went to school at 7:00.主谓状这⼀结构中的动词为不及物动词,其后没有宾语。
2.主+系+表例如:The food smells delicious.主系表 1)常见的连系动词:a.be;b.look,sound,smell,taste,feel,seem等;(要⽤主动表被动)c.become,get,turn,grow,fall等;d.keep,stay等。
2)只能作表语的形容词:alone,asleep, afraid,alive,ill等。
3)look与seem的区别a.look是“貌似”之意,指凭视觉作出判断;b.seem是“似乎”“好像”之意,表⽰根据⼀定线索对某事物作出判断;c.look like不能换为seem like;d.seem可接不定式,且可转换为It seems/seemed that.。
结构,⽽look不能。
3.主+谓+宾例如:He hopes to fly to the moon.主谓宾1)只能⽤不定式作宾语的常见动词: want,hope,wish,would like,decide,agree,ask, can't wait等;2)只能⽤动名词作宾语的常见动词: mind,enjoy,keep,finish,can't help等;3)既能⽤不定式⼜能⽤动名词作宾语,且有区别的常见动词:a.remember to do.。
英语句子结构详解(精华)

第一章简单句一、简单句(simple sentence):是基础句型,只有包含一个主谓结构,而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。
有五种基本结构:“主语+谓语(SV)”、“主语+谓语+主语补语(SVC)”、“主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)"、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语(SVOO)”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(SVOC)"等五种基本结构。
其他各种句子基本上由此五种句型缩略或扩展而成.1、“主语+谓语(SV)”结构,简称为主谓结构,谓语是不及物动词。
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等,如:(1)、Day│ broke. 天亮了(2)、Things │change。
事物是变化的.(3)、The moon│rose.月亮升起来了。
(4)、They│are running very slowly。
他们跑得很慢2、“主语+谓语+主语补语(SVC)”结构,简称为主谓补结构。
“主语+连系动词+表语(SLP)"句型实际上也是一种主、谓、主补结构,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做连系动词。
系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化.be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,其它系动词仍保持其部分词义如:(5)、He │died│ young。
他年轻时就死了.(6)、John │was│ cast as Hamlet. 约翰扮演哈姆雷特(7)、This│is│an English—Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
(8)、The dinner│smells│good.午餐的气味很好.3、“主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)"结构,可简称为主、谓、宾结构,其谓语一般是及物动词,宾语多是直接宾语.此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。
英语句子结构(简单句)

英语句子结构一,按句子结构分,句子可分为三类:简单句,并列句,复合句。
二,简单句的结构五大类型:(1)主语+不及物动词谓语(2)主语+及物动词谓语+宾语(3)主语+及物动词谓语+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)(见附录:可接双宾语的38个常用动词)(4)主语+及物动词谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(5)主语+系动词+表语三,英语句子的成分:主语,谓语,宾语,表语,同位语,补语,定语,状语。
独立成分。
1.英语单词的词性: 1 名词noun(n)2 代词pronoun (pron.)3 形容词adjective (adj). 4 副词adverb (adv.)5 动词verb (vt. vi. Link v)6 数词numeral (num).7 冠词article (art.)8 介词preposition (prep).9 连词conjunction (conj.) 10 感叹词interjection (interj).前六类叫实词,后四类叫虚词。
2. 主语:主语是一个句子的主干部分之一,通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词主语从句充当,正常语序中,主语在一个句子的句首。
Betty likes her new bike.(名词)。
They usually go to school on foot. (代词)。
Two plus two is four. (数词)To learn a foreign language is not easy. (动词不定式短语)Playing basketball after school is great fun. (动名词短语)That the earth runs around the sun is known to everyone. (主语从句)It is known to everyone that the earth runs around the sun. (主语从句)谓语:和主语一样,是一个句子的主干部分之一,表示主语所做到动作、具有的特征及所处的状态。
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简单句的基本句型
简单句是英语中的基本句子,了解和掌握这五种基本句型对学好英语极为重要。
这六种基本句型是:
1.主语+谓语结构:常用来表示主语的动作。
常与表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。
如:They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。
2.主语+系动词+表语(主系表结构)
本结构是由"主语+系动词+表语"组成,主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
此句型中常见的系动词:be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, keep等。
(1)主语+系动词+形容词(作表语)
如:It feels good to be home.在家的感觉真好。
(2)主语+系动词+名词(作表语)
如:He is a student. 他是个学生。
(3)主语+系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词(作表语)
如:He is near. 他在附近。
3. 主语+谓语+宾语(主谓宾结构)
此结构其中的谓语动词须是及物动词(短语),宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。
(1)主语+及物动词+名词或代词(作宾语)
如:May I use your computer ? 我能用一下你的电脑吗?
(2)主语+及物动词+动名词(作宾语)。
此类及物动词(短语)有:advise, consider, avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practice, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off, give up,等。
如:You shouldn’t giv e up studying. 你不该放弃学习。
(3)主语+及物动词+不定式(作宾语)。
此类及物动词有:afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn, offer, plan, refuse等。
如:I hope to go to the movies. 我希望去看电影。
(4)既可接动名词又可接不定式的及物动词。
如:remember to do sth.记住要做某事/remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事;
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事/stop doing sth.停止做某事;
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事/forget doing sth.忘了做过某事;
try to do sth. 尽力做某事/try doing sth.尝试着做某事等。
如:Did you remember to feed the birds? 你记着喂鸟了吗?
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(主谓+双宾语结构)
此句型中常见的接双宾语的动词:
(1)用to变换间接宾语的动词:give, hand, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend等。
如:Could you give me the letter?或Could you give the letter to me? 你能把那封信递给我吗?
(2)用for变换间接宾语的动词:make, buy, cook, order, sing , fetch等。
如:Can you get me some stamps?或Can you get some stamps for me? 你能帮我拿些邮票吗?
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(主谓+宾宾补结构)
此结构中宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。
可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。
此句型中常见的接宾语补足语的及物动词:
(1)接名词作宾补的动词:find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。
如:They usually call the baby Dick. 他们通常叫那婴儿Dick。
(2)接形容词作宾补的动词:keep, get, make, leave, find, paint, turn, drive, call, cut, consider等。
如:She will make him happy. 她将使他幸福。
(3)接分词、省略to的动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词:see, notice, hear, watch, observe等。
如:He left me waiting in the rain. 他让我在雨中等。
(4)接副词、介词短语等作宾补的动词有leave, put等。
如:The police put the thief in prison. 警察把这小偷关进了监狱。
6. There be 结构
用来表示“在某处有某物/人”,是一种客观上的存在关系。
如:There is a dog in the park. 公园里有一只狗。
练一练:
1. Can you lend me your math book? _________________________
2. He bought a bottle of water for me. ___________________
3. She always looks happy. _________________________
4. I saw a cat lying under the tree. ____________________
5. I need your advice. ___________________
6. The rain stopped. _____________________
7. I feel more relaxed. __________________
8. Mr. Lee will give us a speech next week. __________________________
9. There are so many books in her study. ____________________
10. I miss you very much. ______________________
11. My mother lets me drink milk every day. __________________________
12. Li Hong failed the English exam. _________________________
13. Lu Han is a famous singer. ___________________
14. There are four main roles in Beijing Opera. ____________________
15. We must keep the classroom clean. _________________________。