Reading1test 1
剑桥BEC真题集 第三辑 高级Test 1
Test 1READING 1 hourPART ONEQuestions 1-8●Look at the statements below and at the five extracts on the opposite page from an articlegiving advice to people setting up a business.●Which extract (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement (1-8) refer to?●For each statement (1-8), mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet.●You will need to use some of these letters more than once.●There is an example at the begining, (0).12 A company which is expanding today may not always continue to do so.3The distribution of equity among the founders can affect the smooth runhing of the business. 4Your function in the organisation is different from that of the other managers.5Your method of running the business will have to be modified as your company develops.6Your business may evolve into a form that you are not satisfied with.7Delay offering employees a financial stake in the company.8 You need to identify your personal strengths and weaknesses.ABBringing an idea to life requires an organisation. If you are going into business with your friends, make sure you treat them as professionally as you would your arms-length business partners, because the odds are that you’ll fall out with them. It may not seem important at the start, but it will strengthen the company if you ensure that its constitution documents are designed with your specific business and circumstances in mind, and that they clearly establish what will happen in the event of a withdrawal from the business by one of the founding shareholders.PART TWOQuestions 9-14●Read this text taken from an article about marketing.●Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.●For each gap (9-14), mark one letter (A—H) on your Answer Sheet.●Do not use any letter more than once.●There is an example at the beginning, (0).Example:PART THREEQuestions 15-20● Read the following article about recruitment in the UK and the questions on the opposite page.● For each question (15-20), mark one letter (A , B , C or D ) on your Answer Sheet.Graduate recruitment has a growing role. But companies need to know whether their recruitment staff who interview candidates for jobs really know what they’redoing.Carl Gilleard, chief executive of the Association of Graduate Recruiters (AGR), acknowledges that in a perfect world. the people who recruit graduates would have been in the role for some time building up workplace knowledge. He says the reality is that the high turnover of graduate recruitment managers in most blue chips means there is little continuity in how companies operate. ‘There’s the difficult y in maintaining important contact with university careers departments, for example,’he explains. ‘You need a depth of understanding to appreciate where the company is coming from and how it‘s progressing .’We can identify two specialisms within the recruiter's role.Those that work on the recruitment and selection side need traditional human resources (HR) skills such as good interviewing technique, observation, common sense, objectivity patience and listening skills. But increasingly there are those who take a strategic view and look more widely at how their company is represented in the marketplace. lt's a clear advantage if you can identify with your target audience.A Having done that, next comes establishing what it is that marketing activities should be achieving.B Because of this, you may want to generate return on investment, perhaps by raising the quality of your brand.C This shift in focus will be taken as read by the most successful businesses.D Addressing such issues should mean thatprofits take care of themselves.E Concerning the latter, it may be tempting to be seduced by efforts that yield quick results and satisfy investor pressure for immediate returns.F These should be precise and based on empirical data.G Good strategies are not necessarily linked to production or sales figures.H Today we are all accountable and have to be able to demonstrate the value of our contribution to our businesses.Many young members of middle management are seconded into HR for a year because their firms feel they can identify with job—seeking graduates.Yet in an industry that has been revolutionised by the internet, privatised career services and rocketing numbers in higher education, it is questionable how relevant these managers` experiences are. Some high—fliers see a secondment to HR as a sideways move; a firm’s HR func- tion might not carry the same kudos as, say the finance department, although obviously the recruitment and retention of staff is of crucial importance.Georgia de Saram, specialising in graduate recruitment at a law Erm, is one of a new breed of young dynamic recruiters who see HR as their vocation ratherthan a transitory career move. ‘I was attracted to the profession because I enjoy working with people and it's an obvious follow-on from my anthropology degree.’she says. ‘In this capacity you get to know people and they know you even though they might not know other people in the firm.’ As a recruiter, she sees herself as the interface between graduates and the firm that’s looking to attract them.‘It's such a tug of war between law firms for the best trainees - often they’ll turn you down in favour of an offerthey’ve received from elsewhere.You need to be good at marketing your firm, to know what interests graduates and how you can reach potential employees, whether that`s through virtual law fairs or magazines.’A recent AGR survey suggests that the sectors in which there is less turnover of graduate recruitment managers are more successful in recruiting the graduates they want. The legal sector’s sophisticated understanding of the market, for example, means they manage to recruit exactly the right number of trainees despite intense competition and thousands of applications. The people recruiting seem to build up a specialism and then pass on their knowledge and expertise to those new to the graduate recruitment sectorJackie Alexander: an HR partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers, feels that HR professionals are finally reaching board level and receiving the sort of acknowledgement they deserve. ‘They are judged by the value they add to the business,' she says,'and, as a professional services firm, the right people are our biggest asset.’ As Georgia de Saram points out: ‘From our company’s point of view, if I can’t establish a rapport with a candidate and bring out their best, it might not be just their future but also ours that is at stake.’15 According to Carl Gilleard, many recruiters lackA detailed knowledge of their sector.B appropriate academic qualifications.C underst anding of graduates’ expectations.D experience of the companies they work for.16 What change in the recruitment process is mentioned in the third paragraph?A Recruitment staff are re-training.B Broader approaches are being adopted.C Traditional abilities are being given less value.D Different interview processes are being— used.17 On what grounds are certain managers seconded to HR departments?A It is believed that they will relate to potential recruits.B It is thought that they will benefit most from new developments.C It is assumed that they will be able to apply specialised knowledge.D lt is expected that they will take advantage of new promotion opportunities.18 Which of the following areas does Georgia de Saram mention as an aspect of her work?A representing her company effectively to its recruitsB increasing recruitment numbers at her companyC encouraging a wide range of company recruitsD influencing her company's recruitment policy19What was revealed about law firms in a survey?A They are competing more effectively than before against other sectors.B They prefer to retain trainees for extended periods wherever possible.C They have managed to employ particularly knowledgeable HR staff.D They appeal to those HR managers who are keen for promotion.20What point is made about recruitment in the final paragraph?A New levels of qualification are being developed for it.B lt is now being perceived as key to increased profitability. ,C Higher numbers of managers are being attracted to it.D It is becoming central to a business’s survival.PART FOURQuestions 21-30●Read the article below about job satisfaction.●Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D on the opposite page.●For each question (21-30), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.●There is an example at the beginning, (0).21 A highly 22 A devoted 23 A customary 24 A pieces 25 A connected 26 A result 27 A set 28 A insist Example: A quite B even C just D yet A B C DB largely B intended B habitual B roles B relevant B effect B order B accentuate B demonstrateC extensivelyC identifiedC usualC factorsC appropriateC issueC rankC reiterate C unmaskD widely D allocated D routine D parts D related D outcome D line D assentD manifest29 A uncover30 A confirmPART FIVEOuestions 31-40●Read the text below from a brochure.●For each question (31-40), write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.●There is an example at the beginning, (0).Paragon: great business spaceA new concept for the twenty-first century, Paragon is (0) ....... totally unique showpiece development of high-quality office and call centre buildings, hotel and leisure facilities. Many cities find (31) ........ increasingly difficult to allocate office space, but the city of Wakefield is already ahead (32) ....... the game with Paragon.Paragon offers an extensive parkland setting with low-density buildings, and room to expand in the future. Yet, (33) ....... the vast majority of business parks, Paragon has not been exiled to the distant edges of the city. Instead, this large site is only I km from the centre of Wakefield. This offers massive advantages: employees can easily walk or cycle to work, saving stress and pollution, and significantly cutting (34) ....... on commuting time. There is (35) ....... more driving along the motorway to distant outposts of business empires for the Paragon worker But Paragon's location sacrifices nothing (36) ....... terms of communications. It is perfectly placed for road and rail networks.A further attraction of Wakefield for Paragon is the ready availability of a skilled workforce.(37) ....... are more than 233,000 people available for work within an hour's journey, and an enormous catchment population of 20 million within two hours' travel. The city has a long history (38) ....... an administrative centre, and its recent success in attracting top-name companies is evidence of its solid business credentials. Figures from the developers suggest that up (39) ....... 5,000 jobs could be available in the initial phase of its development, with more to follow, making it (40) ....... of the most significant areas of employment in the region.PARTSIXQuestions 41-52●Read the text below about IT training.●In most of the lines (41-52) there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect ordoes not fit in with the sense of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.●lf a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.●lf there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your AnswerSheet.The exercise begins with two examples, (0) and (00).WRITING 1 hour 10 minutesPART ONEQuestion 1●The graph below shows the turnover for three kinds of retail outlet, all owned by the samecompany, during a three-year period.●Using the information from the graph, write a short report comparing the changes inturnover in the company’s three types of outlet.●Write 120-140 words.PART TWOWrite an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part. Write your answer in200-250 words.Question 2●Your company would like to break into a new overseas market with your newrange of sports goods. You have been asked by the Marketing Director toinvestigate ways of doing this.●Write a report for the Marketing Director, including the following information:●how you carried out your research into the market●the existing competition●your target customers●ways of promoting the products in the new market.Question 3●Recently you have become unhappy with a service that has been provided toyour company for a number of years. You have decided to write a letter ofcomplaint to the service provider.●Write your letter to the company that provides the service, including the followinginformation:●which service you are complaining about●why you are dissatisfied with the service●what action you want the service provider to take●what you will do if there is no improvement in the service.Question 4●Your Managing Director is considering how to improve the company's internalcommunications, and has asked you to write a short proposal giving your views on communication within your department.●Write the proposal for the Managing Director:●describing how communication currently takes place within your department●pointing out the weaknesses of the present situation●recommending one or two improvements that should be made.LISTENING Approximately 40 minutes (including10 minutes’ transfer time)PART ONEQuestions 1-12●You will hear the founder of a company called Manshee talking to business students about itsdevelopment.●As you listen, for questions 1-12, complete the notes, using up to three words or a number.●After you have listened once, replay the recording.PART TWOQuestions 13-22●You will hear five different people talking about problems and responses to them in the companies where they work.●For each extract there are two tasks. For Task One, decide which problem each speaker mentions from the list A-H. For Task Two, decide which response the company made to the problem from the list A-H.●After you have listened once, replay the recording.Task One - Problems●For questions 13-17, match the extracts with the problems, listed A-H.●For each extract, decide which problem for the company is mentioned. ,●Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the extract.13 ................................. A The directors’ experience was narrow.Task Two - Responses● For questions 18-22, match the extracts with the responses, listed A-H .● For each extract, decide which response the company made to the problem. ● Write one letter (A-H ) next to the number of the extract.PART THREEQuestions 23-30● You will hear a discussion between two senior managers, John and Deborah, about an assistant manager, Colin, who has applied for a new post.● For each question (23-30), mark one letter (A , B or C ) for the correct answer.● After you have listened once, replay the recording.23 The new post is being created as a result ofA plans to change corporate culture. _B criticisms of management practice.C changes to overall company structure.24 What reason has Colin given for applying?A to have a more challenging roleB to make full use of his qualificationsC to raise his profile within the company25 John was particularly impressed by the way ColinA treated a dissatisfied client.B responded to an unreliable supplier.C dealt with an inefficient member of staff.18 ................................. 19 ................................. 20................................. 21 ................................. 22 .................................A Large severance payments were made.B New shares were issued.C A takeover bid was accepted.D Low-cost products were introduced.E A partnership abroad was formed.F One division was sold off.G Some products were rebranded.H A cost reduction programme was introduced.26What current strength of Co|in’s does Deborah commend?A his analytical skillsB his product knowledgeC his flexible approach27On a recent sales trip, Colin succeeded inA improving the terms of a contract.B identifying a new method of selling.C making a number of new contacts.28In what area did Colin excel during recent training?A teamworkingB report writingC prioritising29 What does Co|in's reference say?A He expects too much of others.B His confidence will grow in time.C He sometimes lacks objectivity.30 What support will the successful candidate receive?A contact with an in—house advisory bodyB performance appraisal meetingsC coaching from a consultantThat is the end of the Listening test. You now have ten minutes to transferyour answers to your Answer Sheet.SPEAKING 16 minutesSAMPLE SPEAKING TASKSPART ONEIn this part, the interlocutor asks questions to each of the candidates in turn. You have to give information about yourself and express personal opinions.PART TWOIn this part of the test, you are asked to give a short talk on a business topic.You have to choose one of the topics from the three below and then talk for about one minute. You have one minute to prepare your ideas.PART THREEIn this part of the test, you are given a discussion topic. You have 30 seconds to look at the task prompt, an example of which is below, and then about three minutes to discuss the topic with your partner. After that, the examiner will ask you more questions related to the topic.For two candidatesTravelling to WorkYour company’s location in a busy city centre means that staff oftencomplain about the time taken to get to work. You have been askedto make some recommendations.Discuss and decide together:●whether it would be better for staff to use public or privatetransport●what the effects might be of allowing staff to work flexible hours.For three candidatesFollow-on questions。
BEC初级--阅读课程电子版教材word资料26页
BEC初级--阅读课程电⼦版教材word资料26页BEC初级阅读讲义主讲：⽥冲欢迎使⽤新东⽅在线电⼦教材第⼀课时BEC简介Part 1 理解句义题Test 1READINGPART ONEQuestions 1-5Look at questions 1-5.In each question, which sentence is correct?For each question, mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.A B C which of the courses they have decided to do.Test 2READINGPART ONEQuestions 1-5● Look at questions 1-5.● In each question, which sentence is correct?● For each question, mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.C will supervise training.4 5 Test 3READINGQuestions 1-5●Look at questions 1-5.●In each question, which sentence is correct?●For each question, mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.●In each question, which sentence is correct?●For each question, mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet. 1B MarketingC AdministrationC At present there is no charge for changing foreign money.C Businesses are renting out empty office space to help their falling profits.第⼆课时test 1PART TWOQuestions 6-10 ● Look at the list below. It shows a number of business training courses.● For questions 6-10, decide which training course (A-H) each person on the opposite page needs.● For each question, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.● Do not use any letter more than once.some to meet PART TWO● Look at the list below. It shows the titles of chapters from a book about management.● For questions 6-10, decide which chapter (A-H) each person on the opposite page should read.● For each question, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.● Do not use any letter more than once.contracts with78on how to avoid9company ’s promotion ’s skillsPART TWOQuestions 6-10● Look at the list below. It shows a number of tasks that staff need to do in order to organize an anniversary part for their company.● For questions 6-10, decide which task (A-H) would be most suitable for each person on the opposite page.● For each question, mark the correct letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.● Do not use any letter more than once.6 7 fora8 9 10 Test 4PART TWOQuestions 6-10● Look at the contents page below. It shows the titles of eight different sections of a business directory.● For questions 6-10, decide which section of the directory (A-H) each person on the opposite page should look at● For each question, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.● Do not use any letter more than once.6789Look at the notice below. It shows the departments in a company.For questions 1-5, decide which department A-H each employee should contact.For each question, mark one letter A-H on your Answer Sheet.1.Ms. Williams needs to send a large order to an important customer in the USA. 2.John Carter needs extra staff to help with an unexpected order. 3.Mr. Wales wants to discuss advertising for his new product. 4.Mary Walden thinks she has been charged too much tax on her pay. 5. Jan Whittaker has a box of faulty goods which a shop has sent back.第三课时Part 3 看图搭配问题的句⼦结构：主语（名词）+ 谓语动词+副词+时间状语通常作主语的名词：sales ，profit ，turnover ，share ，price谓语动词：1. 表⽰上升状态的动词：up ，go up/be up ，rise ，increase ，advance ，jump ，leap ，grow ，climb ，soar ，surge ，rocket ，lift，improve，balloon，bulge，be robust，closed higher，be an all time high，reach a peak2. 表⽰下降的词：down，be down/go down，drop，fall，decrease，decline，dip，plunge，weak，lose，be an alltime low，reach a trough3. 表⽰反弹的词：rally，recover，rebound，bounce4. 表⽰保持不变的词：be/keep/stay/remain + still/steady/stable/constant/maintained，level off5. 表⽰波动，不稳定的词：be uncertainty，be flexible，bechangeable，fluctuate，fluctuation，volatile 副词：1. 表⽰程度⼤的词：sharp/sharply，only，increasingly，considerably dramatically，prominently，substantially，apparently，obviously2. 表⽰程度⼩的词：little，small，tiny，hardly，narrowly时间状语：表⽰⼀段时间的：within the period，throughout the period表⽰开始：at the start / beginning of the period表⽰在中间：in the middle of the period表⽰在结尾：at the end of the period表⽰在余下的时间内：at the remaining / rest of the period做题顺序：1. 读第⼀个做题说明2. 读图表的标题和图例说明3. 读表的横坐标和纵坐标4. 看问题Test 1PART THREEQuestions 11-15●Look at the chart below. It shows a company’s performance on the London stockmarket during 10 working days.●Which day does each sentence (11-15) on the opposite page describe?●For each sentence, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.●Do not use any letter more than once.STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE11At the close of this day’s trading, shares dipped just below 630 pence, despite achieving higher levels throughout the rest of the day.12On this day share prices closed considerably lower than the previous working day, with the fluctuation between high and low being at its greatest.13Shares closed at their lowest value of the day’s trading, but narrowly avoided the worst performance of the period.14Shares closed at a higher value than the precious two days, although around 17 pence down on the high point for the day. 15During this day shares rose and fell within only a narrow margin and closed in the middle of the range, before falling sharply at the end of the following day.Test 2PART THREEQuestions 11-15●Look at the charts below. They show Internet sales compared to High Street sales ofholidays offered by eight different travel companies during a three-year period.●Which chart does each sentence (11-15) on the opposite page describe?●For each sentence, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.●Do not use any letter more than once.11 Although Internet sales started higher than High Street sales, they lost that lead when both dipped in the middle of the period.12 High Street sales and Internet sales reached their peak in the middle of the period, butInternet sales declined more sharply at the end.13While both High Street and Internet sales rose throughout the period, High Street sales saw their greater increase in the middle year.14Both Internet and High Street sales dipped in the middle of the period, with the Internet always achieving fewer sales than the High Street.15High Street sales fell from their early high point to equal Internet sales, and both then remained level at the end of the period.Test 3PART THREEQuestions 11-15●Look at the table and charts below. They show the market share, annual turnover and shareprices for eight electronics manufacturing companies between 2019 and 2019.●Which company does each sentence (11-15) describe?●For each sentence, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.●Do not use any letter more than once.TURNOVER(￡ MILLION)MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM SHARE PRICES (￡) 2019-201911This company’s share price ended the period lower than it started, its market share declined sharply, and its turnover also dropped.12Although this company’s market share declined over the period, its turnover almost doubled and the share price closed higher than it opened.13Despite increasing its turnover, this company was unable to keep its strong market share,which, like its share price, ended below its 2019 level.14Shares in this company ended the period close to matching their best performance, while market share and turnover rose from already strong positions.15While this company’s market share and turnover increased slightly from low levels, its share price closed well below its maximum value of the period.第四课时TEST3 PART THREEQuestions 11-15●Look at the table and charts below. They show the market share, annual turnover and shareprices for eight electronics manufacturing companies between 2019 and 2019.●Which company does each sentence (11-15) describe?●For each sentence, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.●Do not use any letter more than once.MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM SHARE PRICES (￡) 2019-201911This company’s share price ended the period lower than it started, its market share declined sharply, and its turnover also dropped.12Although this company’s market share declined over the period, its turnover almost doubled and the share price closed higher than it opened.13Despite increasing its turnover, this company was unable to keep its strong market share, which, like its share price, ended below its 2019 level.14Shares in this company ended the period close to matching their best performance, while market share and turnover rose from already strong positions.15While this company’s market share and turnover increased slightly from low levels, its share price closed well below its maximum value of the period.TEST4 PART THREEQuestions 11-15●Look at the charts below. They show profits before tax and profit margins foreight different companies from 2019 to 2019.●Which chart does each sentence (11-15) describe?●For each sentence, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.●Do not use any letter more than once11The company’s profit margins have decreased over the most recent years, while profits before tax have maintained asteady rise since 2019.12In 2019 the company both regained its 2019 level of profits before tax and also mangged to improve profit margins. 132019 say a great improvement in profits before tax but the company’s profit margins remained unchanged at the end of the company.14The last five years have seen alternate rises and falls in profits before tax, at the same time as fluctuating profit margins for the company.15Even though the company reached record levels of both profits before tax and profit margins in 2019,neither of these was maintained.TEST1 PART FOURQuestions 16-22●Read the article below about a self-employed journalist.●Are sentences 16-22 on the opposite page ‘Right’or ‘Wrong’? If there is not enoughinformation to answer ‘Right’ or ‘Wrong’, choose ‘Doesn’t say’.●For each sentence (16-22), mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.Sally Patterson, journalistL ast year, Sally Patterson left her permanent job with a newspaper and is now a self-employed journalist. Why did she do it? 'I had no control over my work,' she says, 'and that mattered more to me than earning lots of money. Actually, leaving my job wasn't as difficult as I'd expected, because I already had plenty of contacts in the publishing industry. Unlike my last job, though, I'm mostly in touch with the magazines and newspap ers I write for by email, and as I don't work in an office, I may not see anyone for days. But that's a welcome relief!’Isn't it hard being self- employed? 'The biggest danger when you become self-employed is saying "yes" to everything,' Sally says. 'I make sure I turn work down if I haven't got the time for it. And that's a question of planning: I spend an hour every week working out what I'm doing for the next few months’.And what about the benefits? 'Well, at the newspaper I always concentrated on economic matters, but now I can choose to work on a wider range of projects than before. And being my own boss has made me feel more confident about the other areas of my life, too.'16Sally left her last job because she wanted to make decisions about her work herself.A RightB WrongC Doesn't say17 Her colleagues in publishing thought that being self-employed would be difficult for her.A RightB WrongC Doesn't say18 She would prefer to share an office with other people.A RightB WrongC Doesn't say19 She needs to accept all the work she is offered.A RightC Doesn't say20 Most self-employed journalists find it difficult to plan ahead.A RightB WrongC Doesn't say21 Sally specializes more now than she did in her last job.A RightB WrongC Doesn't say22 Self-employment has affected Sally's attitude to life.A RightB WrongC Doesn't say第五课时TEST2 PART FOURQuestions 16-22●Read the article below about a hair products business.●Are sentences 16-22 on the opposite page ‘Right’or ‘Wrong’? If there is not enoughinformation to answer ‘Right’ or ‘Wrong’, choose ‘Doesn’t say’.●For each sentence (16-22), mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.Louise Wood’s Success StoryThree years ago, Louise Wood set up her own hair products company. She soon found she had more orders than she could handle by herself, and now employs ten people. Her turnover last year was ￡5.8 million.‘I used to work as a rep, selling hair products to people like famous hair-dressers. One day someone suggested to me that I should make and sell similar products myself, and I thought, “Why not?”’‘before I started, I thought running my own business would be similar to my previous job, but straight away I had problems I’d never dealt with before. I’m glad I took the risk, though.’‘I’ve always insisted on 90 day’s credit to make the company self-supporting, without huge loans from banks. Luckily my manufactures agreed!’Louise uses local suppliers and expects them to come to her if they want to do business with her. ‘I rarely leave the office and try to fit everything onto normal working hours. I’m no good at working late.’So what are Louise’s plans now? ‘My friends predicted I wouldn’t keep this business for long as I’m always having new business ideas, but at the moment I want to see this project through.’16Louise Wood recruited her staff as soon as she set up her business.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say17As a rep, Louise enjoyed meeting famous hairdressers.B WrongC Doesn’t say18Louise’s first few months of business were less difficult than she had expected.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say19Louise has avoided borrowing large amounts of money to finance her business.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say20Her suppliers have complained about having meetings at her office.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say21Louise regularly does overtime.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say22Louise feels committed to this business for the present.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t sayTEST 3 PART FOURQuestions 16-22●Read the newspaper article below about moving premises.●Are sentences 16-22 on the opposite page ‘Right’or ‘Wrong’? If there is not enoughinformation to answer ‘Right’ or ‘Wrong’, choose ‘Doesn’t say’.●For each sentence (16-22), mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.How to move officeA successful office relocation demands careful preparation. It’s important to form a project team as early as possible before the move, and at least twelve months in advance. It’s also essential to contact the British Association of Commercial specialists who will advise on packing, security and other important topics.Internally you’ll need to appoint a move organizer, or employ a freelance expert from a firm such as Move Plan, which organizes relocation for firms from two to 6,000 people. You’ll also need to pick a time when closing down your IT department will cause the fewest problems to the business and, for that reason, the majority of firms now move over a weekend.Next make a list of all the furniture, equipment and paperwork. Commercial movers will pack filling in A-Z order, so if A-Gleaves the building, it’s still A-G when it’s unpacked. Confidential files can be sealed in secure boxes for the moving day. Commercial specialists will keep company employees fully informed and answer any questions they may have. You may move offices once or twice in your career, but experts do it every day.16 According to the article, the minimum planning time for an office move should be a year.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say17 The writer says that companies should be able to organize their move without external help.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say18 Move Plan are experts at organizing both large and small moves.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say19 The IT department is usually the first department to move.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say20 Most companies believe there are fewer computer problems if the move happens Monday to Friday.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say21 Companies are advised to pack confidential materials themselves.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say22 A specialist remover will make sure staff are kept up to date with arrangements for their move.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say第六课时How to move officeA successful office relocation demands careful preparation. It’s imp ortant to form a project team as early as possible before the move, and at least twelve months in advance. It’s alsoessential to contact the British Association of Commercial specialists who will advise on packing, security and other important topics.I nternally you’ll need to appoint a move organizer, or employ a freelance expert from a firm such as Move Plan, which organizes relocation for firms from two to 6,000 people. You’ll also need to pick a time when closing down your IT department will cause the fewest problems to the business and, for that reason, the majority of firms now move over a weekend.Next make a list of all the furniture, equipment and paperwork. Commercial movers will pack filling in A-Z order, so if A-G leaves the building, it’s s till A-G when it’s unpacked. Confidential files can be sealed in secure boxes for the moving day.Commercial specialists will keep company employees fully informed and answer any questions they may have. You may move offices once or twice in your career, but experts do it every day.16According to the article, the minimum planning time for an office move should be a year.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say17The writer says that companies should be able to organize their move without external help.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say18Move Plan are experts at organizing both large and small moves.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say19The IT department is usually the first department to move.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say20Most companies believe there are fewer computer problems if the move happens Monday to Friday.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say21Companies are advised to pack confidential materials themselves.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say22 A specialist remover will make sure staff are kept up to date with arrangements for theirmove.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t saySHAREHOLDERS WATCH HOCKING CLOSELYHocking, the High Street retailer, yesterday published figures indicating a recovery in sales for the first three months of the year; this pleased the company’s shareholders, who have had a difficult time in recen t years. The news was not all good, however. Sales at Hocking’s sister company, Hocking’s Pharmacy, were disappointing, improving by only 0.7 per cent during the period.James Bowen, the company chairman, said, ‘The retail climate is improving slowly. O ur retail businesses found that trading conditions were reasonable in April, very poor in May, then improved considerably in June, with this improvement continuing in July. Operating costs are growing more slowly than sales, so our profit forecasts for the rest of the year are good.’The company said that it will install customer computer kiosks in more than 250 stores by Christmas, after a trial period in 20 stores in the north of England saw sales rise by 5 percent. These computer kiosks allow specially targeted discounts and promotions to be offered to individual customers.11Hocking, the retailer, has shown signs of improved sales in the first quarter of the year.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say12The price of shares in Hocking, the retailer, has risen slightly.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say13Sales figures at Hocking’s Pharmacy showed a slight fall.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say14According to the chairman, trading conditions have improved steadily each month since April.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say15The chairman predicts an improvement in profits as sales are rising faster than operating costs.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t sa y16Hocking’s computer kiosks have already shown that they can lead to increased Sales.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say17Customers asked for clearer information to be provided about discounts and promotions.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t sayMaster of the turnstilesFor years Jim Cartwright enjoyed spending his spare time repairing his local football club’s turnstiles, the metal gates which allow one person at a time into the football ground. When Jim was made redundant from his full-time job selling equipment to sports organizations, he realized he already knew plenty of people responsible for turnstiles. This made him sure that his hobby could become a successful new career.He had 1000 brochures printed and posted them to clubs around the country. For two weeks he heard nothing. Then Trion Football Club requested a quotation for repairing their turnstiles, with the possibility of the work becoming regular. He wanted the contract so much that he cut his profit margin to a minimum. He won it, though with no guarantee of further work, and celebrated the launch of his new business.In the next month, club after club offered Jim work, and he recruited his first employee, Alec, to help re-install the repaired turnstiles. Alec, however, took frequent to breaks and never put in more effort than he had to. What’s more, he seemed unhappy working for Jim. Although Jim had no complaints about the quality of his work, Alec’s attitude made him difficult to work with.Jim considered dismissing Alec, but recruiting him had taken a long time because there had been so many suitable people to interview. Now he was simply too busy to go through that process again. Any anyway, Jim had employed Alec on the understanding that the job would probably end with the current contracts were completed.Suddenly, though, Jim’s business was at risk. He made very few mistakes, and calculated his costs and the time that a job would take very accurately. But he had forgotten that generally clubs have repairs done between the end of one football season and the start of the next. Now no major jobs were coming in.After buying a replacement van, as his old one was beyond repair, he could only just cover Alec’s wages and his own. But without more work he had no future. The solution was something more regular, and he decided to produce turnstiles, as well as repair them. For an investment like this,though, he needed help, and he persuaded his bank to give him a loan. From then on, Cartwright Turnstile Services just grew and grew and now employs three full-time workers.Read the article below about a company which repairs turnstiles (the metal gates used at sports grounds).第七课时Test 1PART FIVEQuestions 23-28● Read the article below about a company which repairs turnstiles (the metal gates used at sports grounds).● For each question (23-28) on the opposite page, choose the correct answer.● Mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.Master of the turnstilesFor years Jim Cartwright enjoyed spending his spare time repairing his local football club's turnstiles, the metal gates which allow one person at a time into the football ground. When Jim was made redundant from his full-time job selling equipment to sports organisations, he realised he already knew plenty of people responsible for turnstiles. This made him sure that his hobby could become a successful new career.He had 1000 brochures printed and posted them to clubs around the country. For two weeks he heard nothing. Then Troon Football Club requested a quotation for repairing their turnstiles, with the possibility of the work becoming regular. He wanted the contract so much that he cut his profit margin to a minimum. He won it, though with no guarantee of further work, and celebrated the launch of his new business.In the next month, club after club offered Jim work, and he recruited his first employee, Alec, to help re-install the repaired turnstiles. Alec, however, took frequent breaks and never put in more effort than he had to. What's more, he seemed unhappy working for Jim. Although Jim had no complaints about the quality of his work, Alec's attitude made him difficult to work with. Jim considered dismissing Alec, but recruiting him had taken a long time because there had been so many suit-able people to interview. Now he was simply too busy to go through that process again. And anyway, Jim had employed Alec on the under-standing that the job would probably end when the current contracts were completed.Suddenly, though, Jim's business was at risk. He made very few mistakes, and calculated his costs and the time that a jobwould take very accurately. But he had forgotten that generally clubs have repairs done between the end of one football season and the start of the next. Now no major jobs were coming in.After buying a replacement van, as his old one was beyond repair, he could only just cover Alec's wages and his own. But without more work he had no future. The solution was something more regular, and he decided to produce turnstiles, as well as repair them. For an investment like this, though, he needed help, and he persuaded his bank to give him a loan. From then on, Cartwright Turnstile Services just grew and grew and now employs three full-time workers.23. Why was Jim Cartwright confident about starting a business repairing turnstiles?A. He had learnt from mistakes that his previous employer made.B. He had a lot of contacts with possible customers.C. He had experience of doing the work in his previous job.24. Why was Jim happy that Troon Football Club gave him the contract?A. It was the first his firm had received.B. It led to long-term work for the club.C. It provided him with a good profit.25. What problem did Jim have with Alec?A. His work was not of a high enough standard.B. He did as little work as possible.C. He made a lot of complaints about the business.26. Why did Jim decide to continue employing Alec?A. It would take too long to find a replacement.B. There was a lack of people with the right qualifications.C. Jim had given him a contract which guaranteed him work.27. Why did Jim find himself in danger of going out of business?A. His costs were higher than he had estimated.B. He found that each job took longer than he expected.C. His work was mostly limited to certain times of year.28. Jim asked his bank for a loan in order toA. pay the wages bill.B. start manufacturing.C. buy a new van.Test 2PART FIVEQuestions 23-28● Read the text below, which is part of the annual report of a retail company called Bennetts. Its customers order goods from catalogues and collect them from the company’s stores.● For each question (23-28) on the opposite page, choose the correct answer.● Mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.Chief Executive’s ReportBennetts has remained the region’s leading catalogue retailer in last twelve months. The company distributed around five million catalogues, a figure which is unchanged on the previous year, and we now have 98 stores, an increase of twelve. As was widely reported in the media, merger negotiations with another catalogue retailer ended without agreement.It is true that this has been a difficult year, with a fall in trading profits, largely resulting from weaker consumer spending, but not helped by disappointing productivity levels in the stores. It is also a cause of worry that production costs are continuing to rise. However, changes in the way we deliver to stores have led to considerable savings.With the aim of improving customer service and shopping convenience, we have introduced a number of new services in the last twelve months. Shopping by internet was added to the existing telephone ordering facility, and the early response to this has been good. In stores there are now information screens for customers to check the availability of goods they want to purchase. Together with other existing systems, which reduce queues and tell store customers when their orders are ready for collection, this is giving positive results.Another change has been the placement of the Traditional and Modern catalogues with a single catalogue. As a result, customers who used the Modern catalogue now have over 30% more products to choose from, although we have dropped the less popular lines. Annual printing costs already show the benefit of this move, and sales are expected to start growing within the next year. We have had to change our plans for the coming year. It is clear that shoppers expect staff on stores to be both friendly and efficient. A major programme to raise standards will be introduced at once, while the planned improvements to store facilities will be delayed for twelve months. The proposed interactive TV shopping service will not now go ahead, and neither will the planned redevelopment of the corporate headquarters.Bennetts is changing fast, and we are confident that the newly appointed members of the management team will help us to improve sales within the next twelve months, even if, as expected, there is no recovery in the economic climate. Our aim is to spend this time making sure that the company is as efficient as possible, and to delay our strategy of considering mergers to takeovers.23. In the last year Bennetts hasA. opened a number of new stores.B. merger with another catalogue company.C. increased the number of catalogues it delivers.24. One improvement in the last year is that Bennetts has managed toA. spend less on manufacturing.B. increase productivity.C. reduce distribution costs.25. As a result of developments in the last year, customers can nowA. find out if goods are in stock before ordering them.B. collect their orders without queuing in the stores.C. order goods by telephone as well as in stores.26. Replacing two catalogues with one has meant thatA. all the lines from both catalogues are available.B. the catalogue has now become cheaper to produce.C. sales from the stores are already increasing.27. Bennetts' main aim for next year is to improveA. home shopping facilities.B. the facilities at head office.C. customer service in the stores.。
雅思真题剑八Test 1 reading 1--a chronicle of timekeeping
2. As the Roman Empire expanded northward, it orgranised its activity chart for the most part around the solar year. 语法点：时间状语从句 参考译文：随着罗马帝国向北扩张，它的活 动图表通常都是根据回归年而编排的。
3. at least 至少 反义词：at most There were at most twenty people in the classroom. 教室里最多不过20人。 4. coordinate vt.调节，协调，配合 The agencies are working together to coordinate policy on food safety. 派：名词 coordination coordinator 协调 者 形容词 coordinative 5. communal activities 社区活动 6. in particular 特别，尤其
3. annual adj.每年的, 年度的 an ~ income年收入 4. span n.时期, 跨度, 间距 vt.延续, 横跨, 贯穿, 遍及, 弥补 5. the ~ of life 人的一生 = lifespan 寿命 = life circle the ~ of a bridge桥的全 长 His professional career spanned 16 years. 他的职业生涯持续了 16 年。 Many bridges span the Thames. 很多桥横 亘在泰晤士河上。
7. regulate vt. 管理,规定; 限制,管理; 整顿; 管制 = manage，govern 派：名词regulation 规则，规章 = rule 8. base on 基于，以…为基础 • 9. successive adj. 连续的，相继的 同 义词：continuous • The team has had five successive victories. 球队已经取得5次连续的胜利。 • Successive governments have tried to deal with this issue. 历届政府都试图解决 这个问题。
剑桥雅思真题9-阅读Test 1(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题9-阅读Test 1（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.William Henry PerkinThe man who invented synthetic dyesWilliam Henry Perkin was born on March 12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkin's curiosity prompted early interests in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather's home that solidified the young man's enthusiasm for chemistry.As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. Those speeches fired the young chemist's enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.At the time of Perkin's enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin's scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann's attention and within two years, he became Hofmann's youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply. Thus, when Hofmann made some passing comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved to take up the challenge.During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on the top floor of his family's house. He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product. Despite his best efforts, however, he did not end up with quinine. Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge. Luckily, Perkin's scientific training and nature prompted him to investigate the substance further. Incorporating potassium dichromate and alcohol into the aniline at various stages of the experimental process, he finally produced a deep purple solution. And, proving the truth of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur's words 'chance favours only theprepared mind’. Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions. Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously expensive. Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so costly that in society at the time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly. It was against this backdrop that Perkin's discovery was made.Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric, thus making it the world's first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in patenting it. but perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin's reactions to his find was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities.Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve (from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet). He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost was relatively low. So, over the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to give birth to the modern chemical industry. With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London. Utilising the cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited byproduct of London's gas street lighting, the dye works began producing the world's first synthetically dyed material in 1857. The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country. Not to be outdone, England's Queen Victoria also appeared in public wearing a mauve gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well. The dye was bold and fast, and the public clamoured for more. Perkin went back to the drawing board.Although Perkin's fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist continued his research. Among other dyes he developed and introduced were aniline red (1859) and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkin's green. It is important to note that Perkin's synthetic dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond the merely decorative. The dyes also became vital to medical research in many ways. For instance, they were used to slain previously invisible microbes and bacteria, allowing researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria. Question 1-7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1. Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin's ability as a student of chemistry.2. Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.3. Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.4. Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous.5. The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.6. Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.7. Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur.Question 8-13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.8 Before Perkin's discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?9 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?10 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works?12 In what country did Perkin's newly invented colour first become fashionable?13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes?Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Is there anybody out there?The search for extra-terrestrial intelligencesThe question of whether we are alone in the Universe has haunted humanity for centuries, but we may now stand poised on the brink of the answer to that question, as we search for radio signals from other intelligent; civilisations. This search, often known by the acronym SETI (search for extra-terrestrial intelligence), is a difficult one. Although groups around the world have been searching intermittently for three decades, it is only now that we have reached the level of technology where we can make a determined attempt to search all nearby stars for any sign of life.A The primary reason for the search is basic curiosity -the same curiosity about the natural world that drives all pure science. We want to know whether we are alone in the Universe. We want to know whether life evolves naturally if given the right conditions, or whether there is something very special about the Earth to have fostered the variety of life forms that we see around us on the planet. The simple detection of a radio signal will be sufficient to answer this most basic of all questions. In this sense, SETI is another cog in the machinery of pure science which is continually pushing out the horizon of our knowledge. However, there are other reasons for being interested in whether life exists elsewhere. For example, we have had civilisation on Earth for perhaps only a few thousand years, and the threats of nuclear war and pollution over the last few decades have told us that our survival may be tenuous. Will we last another two thousand years or will we wipe ourselves out? Since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years, we can expect that, if other civilisations do survive in our galaxy, their ages will range from zero to several billion years. Thus any other civilisation that we hear from is likely to be far older, on average, than ourselves. The mere existence of such a civilisation will tell us that long-term survival is possible, and gives us some cause for optimism. It is even possible that the older civilisation may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven't yet discovered.B In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists don’t consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration (although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future). Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun. And perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.C Even when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited. We do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and we certain^ do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems inconceivable that at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.D An alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy. It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted power, radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz travel the greatest distance, and so all searches to date have concentrated on looking for radio waves in this frequency range. So far there have been a number of searches by various groups around the world, including Australian searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched. The scale of the searches has been increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once. The project has two parts. One part is a targeted search using the world's largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the French telescope in Nancy in France. This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000 likely stars with high sensitivity for signals in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz. The other part of the project is an undirected search which is monitoring all of space with a lower sensitivity, using the smaller antennas of NASA's Deep Space Network.E There is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an alien civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately. Quite apart from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice, it raises a host of ethical questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent. Would the human race face the culture shock if faced with 8 superior and much older civilisation? Luckily, there is no urgency about this. The stars being searched are hundreds of light years away, so it takes hundreds of years for their signal to reach us, and a further few hundred years for our reply to reach them. It's not important, then, if there's a delay of a few years, or decades, while the human race debates the question of whether to reply, and perhaps carefully drafts a reply. Question 14-17Reading Passage 2 has five paragraphs, A-E.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.15 Paragraph C16 Paragraph D17 Paragraph EQuestion 18-20Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 18-20 on your answer sheet.18What is the life expectancy of Earth?19What kind of signals from other intelligent civilisations are SETI scientists searching for?20How many stars are the world's most powerful radio telescopes searching?Question 21-26Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this21. Alien civilisations may be able to help the human race to overcome serious problems.22. SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways.23. The Americans and Australians have co-operated on joint research projects.24. So far SETI scientists have picked up radio signals from several stars.25. The NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.26. If a signal from outer space is received, it will be important to respond promptly.Reading Passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The history of the tortoiseIf you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood andcellular fluids. In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, spiders and various worms. And we mustn’t forget the plants, without whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened.Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction. Nevertheless, a good number of thorough going land animals later turned around, abandoned their hard-earned terrestrial re-tooling, and returned to the water again. Seals have only gone part way back. They show us what the intermediates might have been like, on the way to extreme cases such as whales and dugongs. Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with their close cousins the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors. They don't even come ashore to breed. They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation. Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air. However, they are, in one respect, less fully given back to the water than whales or dugongs, for turtles still lay their eggs on beaches. There is evidence that all modern turtles are descended from a terrestrial ancestor which lived before most of the dinosaurs. There are two key fossils called Proganochelys quenstedti and Paiaeockersis talampayensis dating from early dinosaur times, which appear to be close to the ancestry of all modern turtles and tortoises. You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived on land or in water, especially if only fragments are found. Sometimes it's obvious. Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water. With turtles it is a little obvious. One way to tell is by measuring the bones of their forelimbs.Walter Joyce and Jacques Gauthier, at Yale University, obtained three measurements in these particular bones of 71 species of living turtles and tortoises. They used a kind of triangular graph paper to plot the three measurements against one another. All the land tortoise species formed a tight cluster of points in the upper part of the triangle; all the water turtles cluster in the lower part of the triangular graph. There was no overlap, except when they added some species that spend time both in water and on land. Sure enough, these amphibious species show up on the triangular graph approximately half way between the 'wet cluster’ of sea turtle and the 'dry cluster* of land tortoises. The next step was to determine where the fossils fell. The bones of P. quenstedti and P.talampayensis leave us in no doubt their points on the graph are right in the thick of the dry cluster. Both these fossils were dry-land tortoises. They come from the era before our turtles returned to the water.You might think, therefore, that modem land tortoises have probably stayed on land ever since those early terrestrial times, as most mammals did after a few of them went back to the sea. But apparently not. If you draw out the family tree of all modem turtles and tortoises, nearly all the branches are aquatic. Today's land tortoises constitute a single branch, deeply nested among branches consisting of aquatic turtles. This suggests that modem land tortoises have not stayed on land continuously since the time of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis. Rather, their ancestors were among those who went back to the water, and they then re-emerged back onto the land in (relatively) more recent times.Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return. In common with all mammals, reptilesand birds, their remote ancestors were marine fish and before that various more or less worm-like creatures stretching back, still in the sea, to the primeval bacteria. Later ancestors lived on land and stayed there for a very large number of generations. Later ancestors still evolved back into the water and became sea turtles. And finally they returned yet again to the land as tortoises, some of which now live in the driest of deserts.Question 27-30Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate?28Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big changes as they moved onto land?29Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack?30Which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled?Question 31-33Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this31. Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea.32. It is always difficult to determine where an animal lived when its fossilised remains are incomplete.33. The habitat of ichthyosaurs can be determined by the appearance of their fossilised remains. Question 34-39Complete the flow-chart below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 34-39 on your answer sheet.Method of determining where the ancestors of turtles and tortoises come fromQuestion 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.40. According to the writer, the most significant thing about tortoises is thatA. they are able to adapt to life in extremely dry environments.B. their original life form was a kind of primeval bacteria.C. they have so much in common with sea turtles.D. they have made the transition from sea to land more than once.参考答案1 FALSE2 NOT GIVEN3 FALSE4 TRUE5 NOT GIVEN6 TRUE7 NOT GIVEN8 (the / only) rich9 commercial (possibilities)10 mauve (was/is)11 (Robert) Pullar12 (in) France13 malaria (is)14 iv15 vii16 i17 ii18 several billion years19 radio (waves/signals)20 1000(stars)21 YES22 YES23 NOT GIVEN24 NO25 NOT GIVEN26 NO27 plants28 (IN EITHER ORDER; BOTH REQUIRED FOR ONE MARK) breathing; reproduction29 gills30 dolphins31 NOT GIVEN32 FALSE33 TRUE34 3 measurements35 (triangular) graph36 cluster37 amphibious38 half way39 dry-land tortoises40 D。
英语泛读教程1第3版参考答案
Unit 1Text:A. dB. 1. c 2. d 3. d 4. a 5. d 6. c, 7. a 8. c 9. dC. 1. d 2. b 3. d 4. d 5. a 6. d 7. c 8. b 9. d 10. d Fast Reading:1. c2. d3. b4. c5. c6. d7. a8. c9. d 10. c 11. c 12. c 13. b 14. c 15. dHome Reading:1. d2. b3. b4. c5. c6. b7. a8. b9. d 10.c Unit 2Text:A. dB. 1. b 2. c 3. c 4. d 5. c 6. c, 7. a 8. cC. 1. a 2. d 3. d 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. b 8. b 9. c 10. a Fast Reading:1. b2. d3. d4. a5. c6. c7. d8. b9. c 10. a 11. d 12. d 13. d 14. c 15. dHome Reading：1. c2. d3. d4. c5. c6. d7. d8. d9. d 10. b 11. b 12. aUnit 3Text：A．cB．1．c 2．d 3．b 4．c 5．c 6、d 7．c 8．c 9．b10.d 11，d 12．cC．1．b 2．a 3．a 4．d 5．b 6．a 7．a 8．d 9．a 10．aFast Reading：1．b 2．c 3．c 4．d 5．b 6．c 7．b 8．a 9．c 10．c 11.d 12.d 13.d 14.d 15.bHome Reading：1．c 2．d 3．c 4．b 5．b 6．a 7．d 8．bUnit 4Text：A．cB．1．b 2．d 3．c 4．d 5．c 6．b 7．d 8．b 9．d 10．cC．1．a 2．a 3．b 4．d 5．a 6．d 7．b 8．d 9．c Fast Reading：1．c 2．c 3，d 4．a 5。
PET真题校园版1核心词汇--B1 Preliminary for Schools Trainers
一系列的；大量的
24 in1 - Reading Part 2
25 produce
v.生产
26 application
n.应用
27 publish
v.发布；出版
28 create
v.创造
29 poster
n.海报
第28⻚, 共183⻚
30 improve 31 share with 32 technique 33 material 34 pattern 35 basic 36 basis 37 offer 38 private 39 focus on 40 portrait 41 develop 42 whatever 43 one-to-one 44 imagination 45 software 46 folder 47 individual 48 accompany 49 digital 50 perhaps 51 require 52 technology 53 professional 54 designed 55 hand-printed 56 consider 57 further 58 simple method 59 cotton and silk 60 sew 61 experiment 62 research
挖出
117 explore
v.探索
118 site
n.地点
119 expect
v.期待
120 remove
v.移除
121 warn
v.警告
122 as soon as
一...就
123 clear
adj.清晰的
124 pieces of
一片片的
125 ancient pots
剑桥雅思真题14-阅读Test 1(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题14-阅读Test 1（附答案）READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.THE IMPORTANCE OF CHILDREN'S PLAYBrick by brick, six-year-old Alice is building a magical kingdom. Imagining fairy-tale turrets and fire-breathing dragons, wicked witches and gallant heroes, she's creating an enchanting world. Although she isn't aware of it, this fantasy is helping her take her first steps towards her capacity for creativity and so it will have important repercussions in her adult life.Minutes later, Alice has abandoned the kingdom in favour of playing schools with her younger brother. When she bosses him around as his 'teacher', she's practising how to regulate her emotions through pretence. Later on, when they tire of this and settle down with a board game, she's learning about the need to follow rules and take turns with a partner.'Play in all its rich variety is one of the highest achievements of the human species,' says Dr David Whitebread from the Faculty of Education at the University of Cambridge, UK. 'It underpins how we develop as intellectual, problem-solving adults and is crucial to our success as a highly adaptable species.'Recognising the importance of play is not new: over two millennia ago, the Greek philosopher Plato extolled its virtues as a means of developing skills for adult life, and ideas about play-based learning have been developing since the 19th century.But we live in changing times, and Whitebread is mindful of a worldwide decline in play, pointing out that over half the people in the world now live in cities. 'The opportunities for free play, which I experienced almost every day of my childhood, are becoming increasingly scarce,' he says. Outdoor play is curtailed by perceptions of risk to do with traffic, as well as parents' increased wish to protect their children from being the victims of crime, and by the emphasis on 'earlier is better' which is leading to greater competition in academic learning and schools.International bodies like the United Nations and the European Union have begun to develop policies concerned with children's right to play, and to consider implications for leisure facilities and educational programmes. But what they often lack is the evidence to base policies on.'The type of play we are interested in is child-initiated, spontaneous and unpredictable - but, as soon as you ask a five-year-old "to play", then you as the researcher have intervened,' explains Dr Sara Baker. 'And we want to know what the long-term impact of play is. It's a real challenge.' Dr Jenny Gibson agrees, pointing out that although some of the steps in the puzzle of how and why play is important have been looked at, there is very little data on the impact it has on the child's later life.Now, thanks to the university's new Centre for Research on Play in Education, Development and Learning (PEDAL), Whitebread, Baker, Gibson and a team of researchers hope to provide evidence on the role played by play in how a child develops.'A strong possibility is that play supports the early development of children's self-control,' explains Baker. 'This is our ability to develop awareness of our own thinking processes -it influences how effectively we go about undertaking challenging activities.'In a study carried out by Baker with toddlers and young pre-schoolers, she found that children with greater self-control solved problems more quickly when exploring an unfamiliarset-up requiring scientific reasoning. 'This sort of evidence makes us think that giving children the chance to play will make them more successful problem-solvers in the long run.' If playful experiences do facilitate this aspect of development, say the researchers, it could be extremely significant for educational practices, because the ability to self-regulate has been shown to be a key predictor of academic performance.Gibson adds: 'Playful behaviour is also an important indicator of healthy social and emotional development. In my previous research, I investigated how observing children at play can give us important clues about their well-being and can even be useful in the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.'Whitebread's recent research has involved developing a play-based approach to supporting children's writing. 'Many primary school children find writing difficult, but we showed in a previous study that a playful stimulus was far more effective than an instructional one.' Children wrote longer and better structured stories when they first played with dolls representing characters in the story. In the latest study, children first created their story with Lego*, with similar results. 'Many teachers commented that they had always previously had children saying they didn't know what to write about. With the Lego building, however, not a single child said this through the whole year of the project.'Whitebread, who directs PEDAL, trained as a primary school teacher in the early 1970s, when, as he describes, 'the teaching of young children was largely a quiet backwater, untroubled by any serious intellectual debate or controversy.' Now, the landscape is very different, with hotly debated topics such as school starting age.'Somehow the importance of play has been lost in recent decades. It's regarded as something trivial, or even as something negative that contrasts with "work". Let's not lose sight of its benefits, and the fundamental contributions it makes to human achievements in the arts, sciences and technology. Let's make sure children have a rich diet of play experiences.'* Lego: coloured plastic building blocks and other pieces that can be joined together Questions 1-8Complete the notes below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the information,NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this9 Children with good self-control are known to be likely to do well at school later on.10 The way a child plays may provide information about possible medical problems.11 Playing with dolls was found to benefit girls' writing more than boys' writing.12 Children had problems thinking up ideas when they first created the story with Lego.13 People nowadays regard children's play as less significant than they did in the past.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.The growth of bike-sharing schemes around the worldHow Dutch engineer Luud Schimmelpennink helped to devise urban bike-sharing schemesA The original idea for an urban bike-sharing scheme dates back to a summer's day in Amsterdam in 1965. Provo, the organisation that came up with the idea, was a group of Dutch activists who wanted to change society. They believed the scheme, which was known as the Witte Fietsenplan, was an answer to the perceived threats of air pollution and consumerism. In the centre of Amsterdam, they painted a small number of used bikes white. They also distributed leaflets describing the dangers of cars and inviting people to use the white bikes. The bikes were then left unlocked at various locations around the city, to be used by anyone in need of transport.B Luud Schimmelpennink, a Dutch industrial engineer who still lives and cycles in Amsterdam, was heavily involved in the original scheme. He recalls how the scheme succeeded in attracting a great deal of attention - particularly when it came to publicising Provo's aims - but struggled to get off the ground. The police were opposed to Provo's initiatives and almost as soon as the white bikes were distributed around the city, they removed them. However, for Schimmelpennink and for bike-sharing schemes in general, this was just the beginning. 'The first Witte Fietsenplan was just a symbolic thing,' he says. 'We painted a few bikes white, that was all. Things got more serious when I became a member of the Amsterdam city council two years later.'C Schimmelpennink seized this opportunity to present a more elaborate Witte Fietsenplan to the city council. 'My idea was that the municipality of Amsterdam would distribute 10,000 white bikes over the city, for everyone to use,' he explains.' I made serious calculations. It turned out that a white bicycle -per person, per kilometre -would cost the municipality only 10% of what it contributed to public transport per person per kilometre.' Nevertheless, the council unanimously rejected the plan. 'They said that the bicycle belongs to the past. They saw a glorious future for the car,' says Schimmelpennink. But he was not in the least discouraged.D Schimmelpennink never stopped believing in bike-sharing, and in the mid-90s, two Danes asked for his help to set up a system in Copenhagen. The result was the world's first large-scale bike-share programme. It worked on a deposit: 'You dropped a coin in the bike and when you returned it, you got your money back.' After setting up the Danish system, Schimmelpennink decided to try his luck again in the Netherlands -and this time he succeeded in arousing the interest of the Dutch Ministry of Transport. 'Times had changed,' he recalls. 'People had become more environmentally conscious, and the Danish experiment had proved that bike-sharing was areal possibility.' A new Witte Fietsenplan was launched in 1999 in Amsterdam. However, riding a white bike was no longer free; it cost one guilder per trip and payment was made with a chip card developed by the Dutch bank Postbank. Schimmelpennink designed conspicuous, sturdy white bikes locked in special racks which could be opened with the chip card - the plan started with 250 bikes, distributed over five stations.E Theo Molenaar, who was a system designer for the project, worked alongside Schimmelpennink. 'I remember when we were testing the bike racks, he announced that he had already designed better ones. But of course, we had to go through with the ones we had.' The system, however, was prone to vandalism and theft. 'After every weekend there would always be a couple of bikes missing,' Molenaar says. 'I really have no idea what people did with them, because they could instantly be recognised as white bikes.' But the biggest blow came when Postbank decided to abolish the chip card, because it wasn't profitable. 'That chip card was pivotal to the system,' Molenaar says. 'To continue the project we would have needed to set up another system, but the business partner had lost interest.'F Schimmelpennink was disappointed, but - characteristically - not for long. In 2002 he got a call from the French advertising corporation JC Decaux, who wanted to set up his bike-sharing scheme in Vienna. 'That went really well. After Vienna, they set up a system in Lyon. Then in 2007, Paris followed. That was a decisive moment in the history of bike-sharing.' The huge and unexpected success of the Parisian bike-sharing programme, which now boasts more than 20,000 bicycles, inspired cities all over the world to set up their own schemes, all modelled on Schimmelpennink's. 'It's wonderful that this happened,' he says. 'But financially I didn't really benefit from it, because I never filed for a patent.'G In Amsterdam today 38% of all trips are made by bike and, along with Copenhagen, it is regarded as one of the two most cycle-friendly capitals in the world -but the city never got another Witte Fietsenplan. Molenaar believes this may be because everybody in Amsterdam already has a bike. Schimmelpennink, however, cannot see that this changes Amsterdam's need for a bike-sharing scheme. 'People who travel on the underground don't carry their bikes around. But often they need additional transport to reach their final destination.' Although he thinks it is strange that a city like Amsterdam does not have a successful bike-sharing scheme, he is optimistic about the future. 'In the '60s we didn't stand a chance because people were prepared to give their lives to keep cars in the city. But that mentality has totally changed. Today everybody longs for cities that are not dominated by cars.'Questions 14-18Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.14 a description of how people misused a bike-sharing scheme15 an explanation of why a proposed bike-sharing scheme was turned down16 a reference to a person being unable to profit from their work17 an explanation of the potential savings a bike-sharing scheme would bring18 a reference to the problems a bike-sharing scheme was intended to solveQuestions 19 and 20Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 19 and 20 on your answer sheet.Which TWO of the following statements are made in the text about the Amsterdam bike-sharing scheme of 1999?A It was initially opposed by a government department.B It failed when a partner in the scheme withdrew support.C It aimed to be more successful than the Copenhagen scheme.D It was made possible by a change in people's attitudes.E It attracted interest from a range of bike designers.Questions 21 and 22Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 21 and 22 on your answer sheet.Which TWO of the following statements are made in the text about Amsterdam today?A The majority of residents would like to prevent all cars from entering the city.B There is little likelihood of the city having another bike-sharing scheme.C More trips in the city are made by bike than by any other form of transport.D A bike-sharing scheme would benefit residents who use public transport.E The city has a reputation as a place that welcomes cyclists.Questions 23-26Complete the summary below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.The first urban bike-sharing schemeThe first bike-sharing scheme was the idea of the Dutch group Provo. The people who belonged to this group were 23 ________ . They were concerned about damage to the environment and about 24 ________, and believed that the bike-sharing scheme would draw attention to these issues. As well as painting some bikes white, they handed out 25 ________ that condemned the use of cars.However, the scheme was not a great success: almost as quickly as Provo left the bikes around the city, the 26 ________ took them away. According to Schimmelpennink, the scheme was intended to be symbolic. The idea was to get people thinking about the issues.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Motivational factors and the hospitality industryA critical ingredient in the success of hotels is developing and maintaining superior performance from their employees. How is that accomplished? What Human Resource Management (HRM) practices should organizations invest in to acquire and retain great employees?Some hotels aim to provide superior working conditions for their employees. The idea originated from workplaces -usually in the non-service sector -that emphasized fun and enjoyment as part of work-life balance. By contrast, the service sector, and more specifically hotels, has traditionally not extended these practices to address basic employee needs, such as good working conditions.Pfeffer (1994) emphasizes that in order to succeed in a global business environment,organizations must make investment in Human Resource Management (HRM) to allow them to acquire employees who possess better skills and capabilities than their competitors. This investment will be to their competitive advantage. Despite this recognition of the importance of employee development, the hospitality industry has historically been dominated by underdeveloped HR practices (Lucas, 2002).Lucas also points out that 'the substance of HRM practices does not appear to be designed to foster constructive relations with employees or to represent a managerial approach that enables developing and drawing out the full potential of people, even though employees may be broadly satisfied with many aspects of their work' (Lucas, 2002). In addition, or maybe as a result, high employee turnover has been a recurring problem throughout the hospitality industry. Among the many cited reasons are low compensation, inadequate benefits, poor working conditions and compromised employee morale and attitudes (Maroudas et al., 2008).Ng and Sorensen (2008) demonstrated that when managers provide recognition to employees, motivate employees to work together, and remove obstacles preventing effective performance, employees feel more obligated to stay with the company. This was succinctly summarized by Michel et al. (2013): '[P]roviding support to employees gives them the confidence to perform their jobs better and the motivation to stay with the organization.' Hospitality organizations can therefore enhance employee motivation and retention through the development and improvement of their working conditions. These conditions are inherently linked to the working environment.While it seems likely that employees' reactions to their job characteristics could be affected by a predisposition to view their work environment negatively, no evidence exists to support this hypothesis (Spector et al., 2000). However, given the opportunity, many people will find something to complain about in relation to their workplace (Poulston, 2009). There is a strong link between the perceptions of employees and particular factors of their work environment that are separate from the work itself, including company policies, salary and vacations.Such conditions are particularly troubling for the luxury hotel market, where high-quality service, requiring a sophisticated approach to HRM, is recognized as a critical source of competitive advantage (Maroudas et al., 2008). In a real sense, the services of hotel employees represent their industry (Schneider and Bowen, 1993). This representation has commonly been limited to guest experiences. This suggests that there has been a dichotomy between the guest environment provided in luxury hotels and the working conditions of their employees.It is therefore essential for hotel management to develop HRM practices that enable them to inspire and retain competent employees. This requires an understanding of what motivates employees at different levels of management and different stages of their careers (Enz and Siguaw, 2000). This implies that it is beneficial for hotel managers to understand what practices are most favorable to increase employee satisfaction and retention.Herzberg (1966) proposes that people have two major types of needs, the first being extrinsic motivation factors relating to the context in which work is performed, rather than the work itself. These include working conditions and job security. When these factors are unfavorable, job dissatisfaction may result. Significantly, though, just fulfilling these needs does not result in satisfaction, but only in the reduction of dissatisfaction (Maroudas et al., 2008).Employees also have intrinsic motivation needs or motivators, which include such factors as achievement and recognition. Unlike extrinsic factors, motivator factors may ideally result in job satisfaction (Maroudas et al., 2008). Herzberg's (1966) theory discusses the need for a 'balance' ofthese two types of needs.The impact of fun as a motivating factor at work has also been explored. For example, Tews, Michel and Stafford (2013) conducted a study focusing on staff from a chain of themed restaurants in the United States. It was found that fun activities had a favorable impact on performance and manager support for fun had a favorable impact in reducing turnover. Their findings support the view that fun may indeed have a beneficial effect, but the framing of that fun must be carefully aligned with both organizational goals and employee characteristics. 'Managers must learn how to achieve the delicate balance of allowing employees the freedom to enjoy themselves at work while simultaneously maintaining high levels of performance' (Tews et al., 2013).Deery (2008) has recommended several actions that can be adopted at the organizational level to retain good staff as well as assist in balancing work and family life. Those particularly appropriate to the hospitality industry include allowing adequate breaks during the working day, staff functions that involve families, and providing health and well-being opportunities. Questions 27-31Look at the following statements (Questions 27-31) and the fist of researchers below.Match each statement with the correct researcher, A-F.Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.27 Hotel managers need to know what would encourage good staff to remain.28 The actions of managers may make staff feel they shouldn't move to a different employer.29 Little is done in the hospitality industry to help workers improve their skills.30 Staff are less likely to change jobs if co-operation is encouraged.Questions 32-35Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this32 One reason for high staff turnover in the hospitality industry is poor morale.33 Research has shown that staff have a tendency to dislike their workplace.34 An improvement in working conditions and job security makes staff satisfied with theirjobs.35 Staff should be allowed to choose when they take breaks during the working day. Questions 36-40Complete the summary below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.Fun at workTews, Michel and Stafford carried out research on staff in an American chain of 36 ________.They discovered that activities designed for staff to have fun improved their 37 ________, and that management involvement led to lower staff 38 ________. They also found that the activities needed to fit with both the company's 39 ________ and the 40 ________ of the staff. A balance was required between a degree of freedom and maintaining work standards.参考答案1 creativity2 rules3 cities4&5 IN EITHER ORDERtrafficcrime6 competition7 evidence8 life9 TRUE10 TRUE11 NOT GIVEN12 FALSE13 TRUE14 E15 C16 F17 C18 A19&20 IN EITHER ORDERBD21&22 IN EITHER ORDERDE23 activists24 consumerism25 leaflets26 police27 E28 D29 B30 D31 C32 YES33 NO34 NO35 NOT GIVEN36 restaurants37 performance38 turnover39 goals40 characteristics。
剑桥雅思真题13-阅读Test 1(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题13-阅读Test 1（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Case Study: Tourism New Zealand websiteNew Zealand is a small country of four million inhabitants, a long-haul flight from all the major tourist-generating markets of the world. Tourism currently makes up 9% of the country's gross domestic product, and is the country's largest export sector. Unlike other export sectors, which make products and then sell them overseas, tourism brings its customers to New Zealand. The product is the country itself - the people, the places and the experiences. In 1999, Tourism New Zealand launched a campaign to communicate a new brand position to the world. The campaign focused on New Zealand's scenic beauty, exhilarating outdoor activities and authentic Maori culture, and it made New Zealand one of the strongest national brands in the world.A key feature of the campaign was the website , which provided potential visitors to New Zealand with a single gateway to everything the destination had to offer. The heart of the website was a database of tourism services operators, both those based in New Zealand and those based abroad which offered tourism services to the country. Any tourism-related business could be listed by filling in a simple form. This meant that even the smallest bed and breakfast address or specialist activity provider could gain a web presence with access to an audience of long-haul visitors. In addition, because participating businesses were able to update the details they gave on a regular basis, the information provided remained accurate. And to maintain and improve standards, Tourism New Zealand organised a scheme whereby organisations appearing on the website underwent an independent evaluation against a set of agreed national standards of quality. As part of this, the effect of each business on the environment was considered.To communicate the New Zealand experience, the site also carried features relating to famous people and places. One of the most popular was an interview with former New Zealand All Blacks rugby captain Tana Umaga. Another feature that attracted a lot of attention was an interactive journey through a number of the locations chosen for blockbuster films which had made use of New Zealand's stunning scenery as a backdrop. As the site developed, additional features were added to help independent travellers devise their own customised itineraries. To make it easier to plan motoring holidays, the site catalogued the most popular driving routes in the country, highlighting different routes according to the season and indicating distances and times.Later, a Travel Planner feature was added, which allowed visitors to click and 'bookmark' places or attractions they were interested in, and then view the results on a map. The Travel Planner offered suggested routes and public transport options between the chosen locations. There were also links to accommodation in the area. By registering with the website, users could save their Travel Plan and return to it later, or print it out to take on the visit. The website also had a 'Your Words' section where anyone could submit a blog of their New Zealand travels for possible inclusion on the website.The Tourism New Zealand website won two Webby awards for online achievement and innovation. More importantly perhaps, the growth of tourism to New Zealand was impressive. Overall tourismexpenditure increased by an average of 6.9% per year between 1999 and 2004. From Britain, visits to New Zealand grew at an average annual rate of 13% between 2002 and 2006, compared to a rate of 4% overall for British visits abroad.The website was set up to allow both individuals and travel organisations to create itineraries and travel packages to suit their own needs and interests. On the website, visitors can search for activities not solely by geographical location, but also by the particular nature of the activity. This is important as research shows that activities are the key driver of visitor satisfaction, contributing 74% to visitor satisfaction, while transport and accommodation account for the remaining 26%. The more activities that visitors undertake, the more satisfied they will be. It has also been found that visitors undertake, the more satisfied they will be. It has also been found that visitors enjoy cultural activities most when they are interactive, such as visiting a marae (meeting ground) to learn about traditional Maori life. Many long-haul travellers enjoy such learning experiences, which provide them with stories to take home to their friends and family. In addition, it appears that visitors to New Zealand don't want to be 'one of the crowd' and find activities that involve only a few people more special and meaningful.It could be argued that New Zealand is not a typical destination. New Zealand is a small country with a visitor economy composed mainly of small businesses. It is generally perceived as a safe English-speaking country with a reliable transport infrastructure. Because of the long-haul flight, most visitors stay for longer (average 20 days) and want to see as much of the country as possible on what is often seen as a once-in-a-lifetime visit. However, the underlying lessons apply anywhere -the effectiveness of a strong brand, a strategy based on unique experiences and a comprehensive and user-friendly website.Questions 1-7Complete the table below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.Questions 8-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this8. The website aimed to provide ready-made itineraries and packages for travel companies and individual tourists.9. It was found that most visitors started searching on the website by geographical location.10. According to research, 26% of visitor satisfaction is related to their accommodation.11. Visitors to New Zealand like to become involved in the local culture.12. Visitors like staying in small hotels in New Zealand rather than in larger ones.13. Many visitors feel it is unlikely that they will return to New Zealand after their visit.Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Why being bored is stimulating - and useful, tooThis most common of emotions is turning out to be more interesting than we thoughtA We all know how it feels - it's impossible to keep your mind on anything, time stretches out, and all the things you could do seem equally unlikely to make you feel better. But defining boredom so that it can be studied in the lab has proved difficult. For a start, it can include a lot of other mental states, such as frustration, apathy, depression and indifference. There isn't even agreement over whether boredom is always a low-energy, flat kind of emotion or whether feeling agitated and restless counts as boredom, too. In his book, Boredom: A Lively History, Peter Toohey at the University of Calgary, Canada, compares it to disgust - an emotion that motivates us to stay away from certain situations. 'If disgust protects humans from infection, boredom may protect them from ''infectious'' social situations,' he suggests.B By asking people about their experiences of boredom, Thomas Goetz and his team at the University of Konstanz in Germany have recently identified five distinct types: indifferent, calibrating, searching, reactant and apathetic. These can be plotted on two axes - one running left to right, which measures low to high arousal, and the other from top to bottom, which measures how positive or negative the feeling is. Intriguingly, Goetz has found that while people experience all kinds of boredom, they tend to specialise in one. Of the five types, the most damaging is 'reactant' boredom with its explosive combination of high arousal and negative emotion. The most useful is what Goetz calls 'indifferent' boredom: someone isn't engaged in anything satisfying but still feels relaxed and calm. However, it remains to be seen whether there are any character traits that predict the kind of boredom each of us might be prone to.C Psychologist Sandi Mann at the University of Central Lancashire, UK, goes further. 'All emotions are there for a reason, including boredom,' she says. Mann has found that being bored makes us more creative. 'We're all afraid of being bored but in actual fact it can lead to all kinds of amazing things,' she says. In experiments published last year, Mann found that people who had been made to feel bored by copying numbers out of the phone book for 15 minutes came up withmore creative ideas about how to use a polystyrene cup than a control group. Mann concluded that a passive, boring activity is best for creativity because it allows the mind to wander in fact, she goes so far as to (suggest that we should seek out more boredom in our lives.D Psychologist John Eastwood at York University in Toronto, Canada, isn't convinced. 'If you are in a state of mind-wandering you are not bored,' he says. 'In my view, by definition boredom is an undesirable state.' That doesn't necessarily mean that it isn't adaptive, he adds. 'Pain is adaptive - if we didn't have physical pain, bad things would happen to us. Does that mean that we should actively cause pain? No. But even if boredom has evolved to help us survive, it can still be toxic if allowed to fester.' For Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is a failure to put our 'attention system' into gear. This causes an inability to focus on anything, which makes time seem to go painfully slowly. What's more, your efforts to improve the situation can end up making you feel worse. 'People try to connect with the world and if they are not successful there's that frustration and irritability,' he says. Perhaps most worryingly, says Eastwood, repeatedly failing to engage attention can lead to a state where we don't know what to do any more, and no longer care.E Eastwood's team is now trying to explore why the attention system fails. It's early days but they think that at least some of it comes down to personality. Boredom proneness has been linked with a variety of traits. People who are motivated by pleasure seem to suffer particularly badly. Other personality traits, such as curiosity, are associated with a high boredom threshold. More evidence that boredom has detrimental effects comes from studies of people who are more or less prone to boredom. It seems those who bore easily face poorer prospects in education, their career and even life in general. But of course, boredom itself cannot kill - it's the things we do to deal with it that may put us in danger. What can we do to alleviate it before it comes to that? Goetz's group has one suggestion. Working with teenagers, they found that those who 'approach' a boring situation - in other words, see that it's boring and get stuck in anyway - report less boredom than those who try to avoid it by using snacks, TV or social media for distraction.F Psychologist Francoise Wemelsfelder speculates that our over-connected lifestyles might even be a new source of boredom. 'In modern human society there is a lot of overstimulation but still a lot of problems finding meaning,' she says. So instead of seeking yet more mental stimulation, perhaps we should leave our phones alone, and use boredom to motivate us to engage with the world in a more meaningful way.Questions 14-19Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, A-H, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.14Paragraph A15Paragraph B16 Paragraph C17 Paragraph D18Paragraph E19Paragraph FQuestions 20-23Look at the following people (Questions 20-23) and the list of ideas below.Match each person with the correct idea, A-E.Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 20-23 on your answer sheet.20Peter Toohey21 Thomas Goetz22John Eastwood23Francoise WemelsfelderQuestions 24-26Complete the summary below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.Responses to boredomFor John Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is that people cannot 24 …………, due to a failure in what he calls the 'attention system', and as a result they become frustrated and irritable. His team suggests that those for whom 25 ………… is an important aim in life may have problems in coping with boredom, whereas those who have the characteristic of 26 ………… can generally cope with it.Reading Passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Artificial artistsCan computers really create works of art?The Painting Fool is one of a growing number of computer programs which, so their makers claim, possess creative talents. Classical music by an artificial composer has had audiences enraptured, and even tricked them into believing a human was behind the score. Artworks painted by a robothave sold for thousands of dollars and been hung in prestigious galleries. And software has been built which creates art that could not have been imagined by the programmer.Human beings are the only species to perform sophisticated creative acts regularly. If we can break this process down into computer code, where does that leave human creativity? 'This is a question at the very core of humanity, ' says Geraint Wiggins, a computational creativity researcher at Goldsmiths, University of London. 'It scares a lot of people. They are worried that it is taking something special away from what it means to be human.'To some extent, we are all familiar with computerised art. The question is: where does the work of the artist stop and the creativity of the computer begin? Consider one of the oldest machine artists, Aaron, a robot that has had paintings exhibited in London's Tate Modern and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Aaron can pick up a paintbrush and paint on canvas on its own. Impressive perhaps, but it is still little more than a tool to realise the programmer's own creative ideas.Simon Colton, the designer of the Painting Fool, is keen to make sure his creation doesn't attract the same criticism. Unlike earlier 'artists' such as Aaron, the Painting Fool only needs minimal direction and can come up with its own concepts by going online for material. The software runs its own web searches and trawls through social media sites. It is now beginning to display a kind of imagination too, creating pictures from scratch. One of its original works is a series of fuzzy landscapes, depicting trees and sky. While some might say they have a mechanical look, Colton argues that such reactions arise from people's double standards towards software-produced and human-produced art. After all, he says, consider that the Painting Fool painted the landscapes without referring to a photo. 'If a child painted a new scene from its head, you'd say it has a certain level of imagination, ' he points out. 'The same should be true of a machine.' Software bugs can also lead to unexpected results. Some of the Painting Fool's paintings of a chair came out in black and white, thanks to a technical glitch. This gives the work an eerie, ghostlike quality. Human artists like the renowned Ellsworth Kelly are lauded for limiting their colour palette -so why should computers be any different?Researchers like Colton don't believe it is right to measure machine creativity directly to that of humans who 'have had millennia to develop our skills'. Others, though, are fascinated by the prospect that a computer might create something as original and subtle as our best artists. So far, only one has come close. Composer David Cope invented a program called Experiments in Musical Intelligence, or EMI. Not only did EMI create compositions in Cope's style, but also that of the most revered classical composers, including Bach, Chopin and Mozart. Audiences were moved to tears, and EMI even fooled classical music experts into thinking they were hearing genuine Bach. Not everyone was impressed however. Some, such as Wiggins, have blasted Cope's work as pseudoscience, and condemned him for his deliberately vague explanation of how the software worked. Meanwhile, Douglas Hofstadter of Indiana University said EMI created replicas which still rely completely on the original artist's creative impulses. When audiences found out the truth they were often outraged with Cope, and one music lover even tried to punch him. Amid such controversy, Cope destroyed EMI's vital databases.But why did so many people love the music, yet recoil when they discovered how it was composed? A study by computer scientist David Moffat of Glasgow Caledonian University provides a clue. He asked both expert musicians and non-experts to assess six compositions. The participants weren't told beforehand whether the tunes were composed by humans or computers,but were asked to guess, and then rate how much they liked each one. People who thought the composer was a computer tended to dislike the piece more than those who believed it was human. This was true even among the experts, who might have been expected to be more objective in their analyses.Where does this prejudice come from? Paul Bloom of Yale University has a suggestion: he reckons part of the pleasure we get from art stems from the creative process behind the work. This can give it an 'irresistible essence', says Bloom. Meanwhile, experiments by Justin Kruger of New York University have shown that people's enjoyment of an artwork increases if they think more time and effort was needed to create it. Similarly, Colton thinks that when people experience art, they wonder what the artist might have been thinking or what the artist is trying to tell them. It seems obvious, therefore, that with computers producing art, this speculation is cut short - there's nothing to explore. But as technology becomes increasingly complex, finding those greater depths in computer art could become possible. This is precisely why Colton asks the Painting Fool to tap into online social networks for its inspiration: hopefully this way it will choose themes that will already be meaningful to us.Questions 27-31Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.27 What is the writer suggesting about computer-produced works in the first paragraph?A People's acceptance of them can vary considerably.B A great deal of progress has already been attained in this field.C They have had more success in some artistic genres than in others.D The advances are not as significant as the public believes them to be.28 According to Geraint Wiggins, why are many people worried by computer art?A It is aesthetically inferior to human art.B It may ultimately supersede human art.C It undermines a fundamental human quality.D It will lead to a deterioration in human ability.29 What is a key difference between Aaron and the Painting Fool?A its programmer's backgroundB public response to its workC the source of its subject matterD the technical standard of its output30 What point does Simon Colton make in the fourth paragraph?A Software-produced art is often dismissed as childish and simplistic.B The same concepts of creativity should not be applied to all forms of art.C It is unreasonable to expect a machine to be as imaginative as a human being.D People tend to judge computer art and human art according to different criteria.31 The writer refers to the paintings of a chair as an example of computer art whichA achieves a particularly striking effect.B exhibits a certain level of genuine artistic skill.C closely resembles that of a well-known artist.D highlights the technical limitations of the software.Questions 32-37Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G below.Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 32-37 on your answer sheet.32 Simon Colton says it is important to consider the long-term view when33 David Cope's EMI software surprised people by34 Geraint Wiggins criticised Cope for not35 Douglas Hofstadter claimed that EMI was36 Audiences who had listened to EMI's music became angry after37 The participants in David Moffat's study had to assess music withoutDo the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this38 Moffat's research may help explain people's reactions to EMI.39 The non-experts in Moffat's study all responded in a predictable way.40 Justin Kruger's findings cast doubt on Paul Bloom's theory about people's prejudice towards computer art.参考答案1 update2 environment3 captain4 films5 season6 accommodation7 blog8 FALSE9 NOT GIVEN10 FALSE11 TRUE12 NOT GIVEN13 TRUE14 iv15 vi16 i17 v18 viii19 iii20 E21 B22 D23 A24 focus25 pleasure26 curiosity27 B28 C29 C30 D31 A32 D33 A34 E35 C36 G37 B38 YES39 NOT GIVEN40 NO。
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四级阅读题型
1. 2. 3.
4.
快速阅读 (7道是非，3道填空） 篇章词汇 （15选10） 篇章阅读 （2篇，每篇5道多选题） 完型填空 （300词左右，20道多选题）
Fast Reading
1.B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. (sunlight) 9. (toxins) 10. (liver, yeast and dairy products)
篇章阅读
题目题干和正确答案都对原文词句进行了一 定程度的信息转换。 2. 绝大部分答案出处都在一段内的一句或两句 话中。 3. 要求能就文章的内容进行判断、推理和信息 转换。不仅要理解字面意思，也能理解隐含 的意思。要能理解文章的细节信息和主旨。
1.
切记：
主题 + 定位
Cloze
67. A 68. B 69. C 70. C 71. A 72. B 73. D 74. C 75. A 76. A
充分利用上下文的照应关系和语感
③On summer night, on my way home from work I decided to see a movie. I knew the theatre would be air-conditioned and I couldn’t face my 71 apartment. (2002.1 CET-4). A. warm B. hot C. heated D. cool
B
利用文化常识，生活常识和背景知识
Read the title and the subheadings Read the first paragraph or two at your fastest speed of comprehension to see what the general topic is about. Scan the question and figure out the clue words Confirm your answer
切记：
本本主义 主题+定位
Read in Depth
４７――５１. D A F E O ５２―５６ ＢＩＭ Ｎ Ｇ
57. D 58. B 59. C 60. C 61. A 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.D 62.C
篇章词汇
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对语篇连贯性、一致性和逻辑联系等的理解。 单词在实际语境中的理解，考察较多的是实 词，实义副词。 注意一词多性，一词多义，词义活用的词。 判断词性、搭配等方面入手。
完型填空总的方法
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利用已知信息破解未知信息 通读整篇文章，掌握文章的主题和作者的 态度 结合选项对短文进行研读，注意连贯上下 文内容 做完后再通读一遍。
完型填空 ---具体方法
① One third have no 68 when the Declaration of Independence was 69. (2004.6 CET-4) 68. A. sense B. doubt C. reason D. idea 69. A. printed B. signed C. marked D. edited D, B
77. B 78. A
８２.Ｂ
７９.Ａ ８０.Ｃ ８１.Ｂ
８４.Ｂ ８５.Ｃ
８３.Ａ
８６.D
Cloze
1. 2.
总分对照结构，有很鲜明的主题。 文章的首句或首段就是整篇文章的中心思 想所在。
完型填空题型
①词义辨析题 ②语义搭配题 ③语法题：时态、语态、主谓一致、分词用 法、不定式、独立成分、语序等。 ④文化常识和背景知识题。
利用词汇知识: 逻辑关系，句法，固定搭配和习惯用法
② But they are not enough. Something 73 was needed to start the industrial process. (1995. 6 CET-4) A. else B. near C. extra D. similar
Fast Reading
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大多数题目的题干中含有较为明显的线索词， 可以根据线索词快速确定答案在文中的位置。 绝大部分题目的答案出处都在一段内的一句 话中。 题目大多数无原文的句子，都经过转换。 填空题的答案一般为文中原词，且一般为名 词或名词性短语。
Skills
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