中国文化翻译
四六级中国文化翻译2
翻译练习1．春节是是中国的农历新年。
在中国的传统节日中，这是一个最重要、最热闹的节日。
中国人过春节有很多传统习俗。
除夕之夜，是家人团聚的时候。
一家人围坐在一起，吃一顿丰富的年夜饭(New Year’s Eve dinner)，说说笑笑，直到天亮，这叫守岁〔staying up to see the year out〕。
除夕零点的钟声一响，人们还要吃饺子。
从初一开始，人们要走亲戚、看朋友，互相拜年〔greet each other〕。
拜年，是春节的重要习俗。
放爆竹〔set off firecrackers〕是春节期间孩子们最喜欢的活动。
传说燃放爆竹可以驱妖除魔〔drive off evil spirits〕。
2．农历八月十五〔the 15th day of the eighth lunar month〕，是中国的传统节日中秋节〔Mid-Autumn Festival〕。
这天晚上，天上的月亮又圆又亮。
人们把圆月看作团圆美满的象征，所以中秋节又被称为“团圆节〞( Festival for Reunion)。
按照传统习惯，中国人要一边赏月(admire the moon) 一边品尝月饼。
因为月饼是圆的，象征着团圆，所以有的地方叫它“团圆饼〞。
秋天，人们一年的劳动有了收获。
中秋节的晚上，全家人坐在一起赏月、吃月饼，心里充满了丰收(bumper harvest) 的喜悦和团聚的欢乐。
这时，远离家乡的人们也会仰望明月，思念故土和亲人。
3．英语中的“china〞一词有两个意义，一个是中国，一个是瓷〔porcelain〕。
西方人很早就把中国与瓷器联系在一起，这是因为瓷器是中国人创造的。
瓷器是从陶器(pottery) 开展来的，如果从生产原始瓷器的商代〔Shang Dynasty〕算起，中国的瓷器大约有三千多年的历史了。
江西景德镇被称为中国的“瓷都〞(the Capital of Porcelain〕。
中国瓷器不仅是精美的日用品，也是珍贵的艺术品。
中国传统文化翻译解读
1. 元宵节：Lantern Festival2. 刺绣：embroidery3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting6. 书法：Calligraphy7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国：Warring States12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞：Group Dance16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture21. 附属学校：Affiliated school22. 古装片：Costume Drama23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅：Hot Pot27. 四人帮：Gang of Four28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34. 针灸：Acupuncture35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37. 偏旁：radical38. 孟子：Mencius39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药：gunpowder42. 农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳：Tai Chi48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜：Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春卷：Spring Roll(s)54. 莲藕：Lotus Root55. 追星族：Star Struck56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64. 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone"71.兵马俑：cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army72.旗袍：cheongsam要了解中国文化，就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解。
翻译：中国文化
1.Embroidery is a brilliant pearl in Chinese art. In the costume culture, it occupies animportant position in the treasure of the Chinese traditional arts and crafts, and is an important part of Chinese nation. It represents the wisdom of Chinese people. Four major styles of Chinese embroidery are: Su, Yue, Shu, and Xiang embroidery..2.Originated from Beijing some 200 years ago during the Qing Dynasty, Peking Opera is aperforming art that embraces opera performance, singing, music, dancing and martial arts.3.China, the homeland of tea, is the first country to grow, produce and drink tea. Thediscovery of tea is a great contribution to the history of human culture.pass, gunpowder, papermaking and printing, are China ancient four inventions.These inventions are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance and as signs of ancient China’s advanced science and technology. The four discoveries had an enormous impact on the development of Chinese civilization and a far-ranging global impact.5.Famous for its abundance and exquisite, Chinese food culture has occupied animportant part in the nation's tradition cultures. China is of long history with a vast territory.Due to the diversity of the climate, products and customs, there are widely different food styles and taste in local regions. Through creation by past dynasties, the long standing cooking art has formed rich and colorful local dishes. Among them, "the eight major dishes" enjoys the upper reputation, which consists of Shandong, Chekiang, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian and Anhwei.6.Chinese New Year, known in Chinese as the Spring Festival or the Lunar New Year, isthe most important of the traditional Chinese holidays. The festival proper begins on the first day of the first lunar month in the Chinese calendar and ends on the 15th. on the Lantern Festival. Celebrated internationally in areas with large populations of ethnic Chinese, Chinese New Year is considered a major holiday for Chinese as well as for ethnic groups who were strongly influenced by Chinese culture.7.Confucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from theteachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. Confucianism originated ad an “ethical-sociopolitical teaching”during the Spring and Autumn period. The core of Confucianism is humanism, the belief that human beings are teachable, improvable and perfectible through personal and communal endeavor, especially including self-cultivation and self-creation. Confucianism focuses on the cultivation of virtue and maintenance of ethics, the most basic of which are “ren”, “li”.8.to Chinese martial arts. Its original meaning is somewhat different, referring to one's expertise in any skill, not necessarily martial. It is believed wushu can cultivate the mind as well as strengthen the body and improve fighting skills.9.Chinese is a language used by people of all the nationalities in China and is one of theworking languages in the UN. Whether in the past or at present, the Chinese language has had great influence both at home and abroad and occupied a prominent status. The current worldwide interest in learning Chinese is attributed to the long history of the Chinese nation, Glorious and magnificent culture and its tremendous contribution to human progress. More importantly, as China’s overall national strength has grown in the course of reform and opening-up over the last three decades, more and more countries and international organizations come into contact with China and take interest in Chinese culture. For them, learning Chinese has become the only road to a profound understanding of China.10.11.。
常用中国传统文化英文翻译
1. 元宵节： Lantern Festival2. 刺绣：embroidery3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting6. 书法：Calligraphy7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国：Warring States12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞：Group Dance16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture21. 附属学校：Affiliated school22. 古装片：Costume Drama23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅：Hot Pot27. 四人帮：Gang of Four28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34. 针灸：Acupuncture35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37. 偏旁：radical38. 孟子：Mencius39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药：gunpowder42. 农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳：Tai Chi48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜：Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春卷：Spring Roll(s)54. 莲藕：Lotus Root55. 追星族：Star Struck56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64. 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone"71. 兵马俑：cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army72. 旗袍：cheongsam。
中国文化英语翻译
Unit1 中国丝绸中国是丝绸的故乡。
栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。
商周时期（前1600——前256）丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。
西汉（前206——公元25）时张蹇通西域，把中元与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。
从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征、东方文明的使者。
Chinese SilkChina is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600-BC256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty(206BC-25AD),Zhang Jian ,an outstanding diplomat ,traveled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color , and abundant cultural connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.Unit 2 中国园林中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。
15篇中国文化段落翻译
1.中国书法（Chinese calligraphy）汉字从图画和符号演变而来，中国书法艺术自然而然衍生于这一特殊的书写体系，因此中国书法也被称作线条艺术。
尽管中国书法以汉字为表达工具，但要欣赏中国书法之美，不一定非要懂得汉语。
书法的目的在于保持(retain)自然之美，突显(illuminate)人类精神之美。
书写的文字能够彰显书法家(calligrapher)对生活和艺术的理解。
书法作为一门中国传统艺术，很早便为邻国所青睐。
Chinese characters evolved from pictures and signs, and the Chinese art of calligraphy developed naturally from this special writing system, so Chinese calligraphy is also called the art of lines. Although Chinese calligraphy uses Chinese words as its vehicle of expression, one does not have to know the language to appreciate its beauty. The purpose of calligraphy is to retain the beauty of nature and illuminate man’s spiritual beauty. The written characters reveal the calligrapher’s understanding of life and arts. Being a Chinese traditional art, Chinese calligraphy also found favor in the neighboring countries from the early times.2. 婚俗中国是一个有56个民族的大国。
【CATTI翻译常用词汇】中国文化
【CATTI翻译常用词汇】中国文化概述General Terms诚实守信honesty集体主义collectivism为人民服务serving the people全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign爱国主义精神patriotism重要文化遗产major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts自立于世界民族之林stand proudly in the family of nations深入群众，深入生活go deep among the masses and into the thick of life 奉献无愧于时代的作品contribute to the people works worthy of the times公民道德建设实施纲要The Program for Improving Civic Morality老少边穷地区和中西部地区的文化发展the cultural development in the old revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, remote areas, impoverished areas and the central and western regions of the country社会公德，职业道德和家庭美德教育education in social and professional ethics and family virtues体现民族特色和国家水准的重大文化项目和艺术院团the major cultural projects and art schools and troupes that are up to national standards and embody national characteristics弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化highlight the central theme of the times while encouraging diversity奉献无愧于时代的作品contribute to the people works worthy of the times中华文明博大精深，源远流长The Chinese civilization is extensive and profound, and has a long history增强中国特色社会主义文化的吸引力和感召力enhance the attraction and appeal of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics坚持发展先进文化，支持健康有益文化，努力改造落后文化，坚决抵制腐朽文化develop advanced culture and support healthy and useful culture, change what is backward and resist what is decadent发扬民族文化的优秀传统，汲取世界各民族的长处carry forward the fine tradition of our national culture, draw on the strong points of other nations发展面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的、民族的、科学的、大众的社会主义文化develop national, scientific and popular socialist culture geared to the needs of modernization, of the world and of the future坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务的方向和百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针keep to the orientation of serving the people and socialism and the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend民族精神是一个民族赖以生存和发展的精神支撑National spirit is the ideological prop on which a nation relies for survival and development以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以高尚的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人arm people with scientific theory, provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with lofty ideals, and inspire them with excellent works of literature and art以爱国主义为核心的团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的伟大民族精神a great national spirit centering on patriotism and featuring unity and solidarity, love of peace, diligence, courage and ceaseless self-improvement艺术及工艺Arts and Crafts版画engraving贝雕画shell carving picture彩塑painted sculpture瓷器porcelain; china刺绣embroidery雕刻carving宫灯palace lantern国画Chinese painting剪纸paper-cut景德镇瓷Jingdezhen porcelain景泰蓝cloisonné enamel蜡染batik卖秸画straw patchwork木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboo carving木刻画wood engraving泥人儿clay figure皮影shadow puppet漆画lacquer painting漆器lacquer ware双面绣two-sided embroidery水墨画Chinese brush drawing ; ink and wash painting檀香扇sandalwood fan唐三彩Tang tri-colored pottery陶器pottery ; earthenware图章seal拓碑making rubbings from inscriptions , pictures , etc . on stone tablets拓片rubbing微雕miniature engraving象牙雕刻ivory carving宜兴陶Yixing pottery篆刻seal cutting戏剧表演Theatrical Performances京剧人物脸谱types of facial makeup in Beijing opera生male characters末middle-aged male characters净“painted face” char acters旦female characters丑clown京剧票友amateur performer of Peking Opera木偶戏puppet show独角戏monodrama; one-man play皮影戏shadow play; leather-silhouette show折子戏opera highlights戏剧小品skit哑剧dumb show; mime; mummery; pantomime单口相声monologue comic talk双口相声witty dialogue口技vocal imitations; ventriloquism说书monologue story-telling杂技acrobatic performance叠罗汉making a human pyramid特技stunt睬高跷stilt walk马戏circus performances神话人物Mythological Figures八仙the Eight Immortals嫦娥Chang’s ( the Chinese moon goddess)伏羲Fu Xi (God of Fishery and Husbandry)福禄寿三星the three gods of fortune , prosperity and longevity共工God of Water后羿Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns )黄帝Yellow Emperor夸父Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant )女Goddess of Sky-patching盘古Pan Gu (creator of the universe )神农Patron of Agriculture禹Yu ( the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty )祝融God of Fire古代建筑Ancient Architecture塔pagoda琉璃塔glazed stupa舍利塔dagoba; sarira stupa ( a pagoda for Buddhist relics )舍利子sarira remains from cremation of Buddha’s of saints’ body喇叭塔Lamaist pagoda楼storied buildings钟楼bell tower鼓楼drum tower阁pavilion烽火台beacon tower华表ornamental column牌坊memorial archway传统节日Traditional Festivals拜年paying a New Year call爆竹firecracker鞭炮 a string of small firecrackers除夕New Year’s Eve春节Spring Festival春联Spring Festival couplets (conveying best wishes for the year )辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new大扫除year-end household cleaning灯谜lantern riddles登高hill climbing端午节Dragon Boat Festival恭喜发财May you be prosperous! / Wish you all the best!观灯viewing the lanterns贺年片New Year film饺子dumplings (with meat and vegetable stuffing ) 龙灯舞dragon lantern dance庙会temple fair年画New Year picture年夜饭family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve 清明节Tomb-sweeping Festival扫墓paying respect to the dead赏菊enjoying chrysanthemum赏月enjoying the full moon狮子舞lion dance压岁钱money given to children as a Lunar New Year gift秧歌舞yangge dance元宵sweet rice-flour dumplings (eaten on the Lantern Festival )元宵节Lantern Festival月饼moon cake植树节Tree-planting Day中秋节Mid-autumn Festival重阳节Double Ninth Festival粽子 a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves烹饪Culinary Arts美食节gourmet festival中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine色，香，味俱全perfect combination of color , aroma , taste and appearance四大菜系：山东菜，四川菜，粤菜，扬州菜four major Chinese cuisines: Shandong cuisine , Sichuan cuisine , Canton cuisine and Yangzhoucuisine南淡北咸，东甜西辣the light southern cuisine , and the salty northern cuisine ;the sweet eastern cuisine , and the spicy western cuisine八宝菜eight-treasure pickles (assorted walnut meats, asparagus, lettuce , almonds , cucumber and peanuts, etc. pickled in soy sauce ) 八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding (glutinous rice steamed with preserved fruits, sweetened bean paste, lotus seeds, longan, etc.) 白斩鸡tender boiled chicken (made by boiling a whole chicken in water and cutting into cubes , then dipping into seasonings) 臭豆腐odd-odour bean curb粉蒸肉pork streamed with rice flour风味小吃local delicacy腐竹rolls of dried bean milk cream冷盘hors d’oeuvres萨其马Manchu candied fritter cut in squares刀切，火候Cutting and Slicing Techniques, Heat Control切片slicing切条cutting to strips切丝shredding切柳filleting切丁dicing切碎mincing磨碎grinding大/旺/武火strong heat中火medium heat小/微/文火gentle heat烹饪方法Cooking Techniques煎pan-frying炒stir-frying爆quick-frying炸deep-frying烩stewing熏smoking煨simmering煮boiling烘baking烤roasting蒸steaming红烧braising (with soy sauce )涮羊肉dip-boiled mutton slices羊肉串小摊mutton barbecue stall宗教Religions佛教Buddhism释迦牟尼Sakyamuni佛寺Buddhist temple大雄宝殿the Great Buddha’s Hall藏经楼depositary of Buddhist texts金刚经Vajracchedika-sutra素菜馆vegetarian restaurant罗汉堂arhat hall观音Guanyin; Goddess of Mercy; Avalokitesvara地藏God of Earth四大金刚Four Heavenly Guardians (at the entrance to a Buddhism temple); Four Devarajas四大天王Four Heavenly Kings因果报应karma藏传佛教Lamaism大藏经Tripitaka转世灵童reincarnated soul boy喇嘛庙lamasery道教Taoism道观Taoist temple道士Taoist priest关帝庙temple of Lord Guan儒教Confucianism孔子庙Confucian temple孔子Confucius禅宗Zen Buddhism伊斯兰教Islam清真寺mosques古兰经the Koran耶稣教Christianity耶稣基督Jesus Christ洗礼baptism天主教Catholicism天主教堂Catholic church义，礼，智，信，忠，恕，孝，悌rightness, propriety , wisdom , trustworthiness , loyalty , reciprocity ,filial piety , brotherly love学而优则仕A good scholar can become an official. / He who excels in study can follow an official career.不立别传，不立文字，直指人心，见性成佛。
四级文化翻译参考译文-学生温习用
III. 中国文化翻译(中译英50%)1传统的中国绘画是一门独特的美术（fine art），无论是风格仍是技能都与世界其他艺术门类迥然不同。
中国人绘画采用毛笔（brush）蘸墨汁或颜料，灵巧地挥洒（wield）于纸上。
画家用深、浅、浓、淡的点（dot）和线组成一幅图画。
在优秀画家的手里，毛笔和墨汁超级具有表现力，它们不仅是绘画的工具，也是画家艺术追求的象征。
与水墨画相较，宫庭画（palace painting）注重细腻的画法、细节的描画，和丰硕的色彩（elaborate coloring）。
参考译文Traditional Chinese paintings constitute a unique school of fine art, a school that, in style and techniques is vastly different from any other fine art school in the world. The Chinese do paintings with brushes, dipping their brushes in ink or paint and then skillfully wielding them. Painters produce on the paper pictures with lines and some heavy, and some light, some deep, and some pale dots. In the hands of a good painter, brushes and ink can be highly expressive. Because of this, they are seemed not only as tools for drawing pictures, but also as a symbol of artistic pursuit. In comparison to ink and wash painting, the palace paintings pay attention to fine brushwork, details and elaborate coloring.2黄河（the Yellow River）是中华文明和中华民族的摇篮（cradle），所以又被称作“母亲河”。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Chinese Culture, Education, Science and
Technology
P. 17:
儒教、道教、佛教 Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, 四大发明 Four Great Inventions 非竞技体育运动（如太极拳、武术） non-competitive sports (such as tai chi and wushu) 竞技体育运动 competitive sports
非命、非攻 oppose fatalism, oppose aggressive wars 节用（厉行节约）、节葬 uphold thriftiness, uphold simple funerals 韩非子 Han Fei Zi 官僚制度 bureaucracy 两汉经学 the orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty 汉武帝 Emperor Wudi (of Han Dynasty) “罢黜百家，独尊儒术” ban all schools of thought except Confucianism 官学 orthodox school 正统哲学 orthodox philosophy
儒家学说是以孔子和孟子为代表人物的思想学派。
Confucianism is a school of thought represented by Confucius and Mencius.
儒家学说以孔子的学说为核心思想，将孔子的言行奉为 最高行为准则。
Confucianism takes the teachings of Confucius as its core of thought and regards the words and deeds of Confucius as its highest code of behavior.
道家提倡的信念是，人应该生活简单，莫要争利、争名、 争权，这些东西只能给人带来烦恼和麻烦。
Taoism promotes the belief that a person should live a simple life, not to strive for wealth, fame or power, which will only give one worries and trouble.
responses in Heaven. 君权神授。 The power of the emperors is authorized by Heaven. (It is intended for deceiving the ordinary people.) 无为 / 顺其自然。 Let things/nature take their/its own course a儒家（文化）”一词就可 以直接代表中国的传统生活与文化。
The influence of Confucianism is so predominant that the word “Confucian” can directly represent traditional Chinese life and culture.
五经：《诗》（诗经/诗三百）、《书》（尚书/书经）、 《礼》（周礼；周公旦）、《易》（易经/周易）、 《春秋》
The Five Classics (collected and compiled by Confucius): The Book of Poetry/Songs/Odes, The Book of History, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, and The Spring and Autumn Annals）
有无、本末 existence vs nonexistence, essentials vs nonessentials 佛学 Buddhist philosophy 主客观 the subjective and the objective 理学、理学学派、心学学派、实学 Neo-Confucianism, the School of Principle, the School of
中庸之道主张，待人接物要不偏不倚、调和折中。
The golden mean advocates impartiality, reconciliation and compromise in one’s approach to people or matters.
Page 19: 孔子的（儒家的） Confucian 道、天道、人道 Dao/Tao (the Way as the noumenon of the cosmos), the Heavenly
道家主张的学说是，“道”即万物的道路、原则、本质 和标准，世人皆须遵守。（道家主张这样的学说， 即……）
Taoism advocates the doctrine that the Dao is the course, the principle, the substance, and the standard of all things, to which all people must conform.
儒家学说倡导仁、义、忠、恕以及中庸之道，重视人的 伦理关系。
Confucianism advocates benevolence and justice, allegiance and forbearance, and the doctrine of the golden mean, and values the ethical relations of men.
基础。
Confucianism became an orthodox school [that served as the ideological foundation of the feudal rule throughout the dynasties in China].
天人感应。 Heaven affects human affairs and human behavior finds
国与国之间的教育交流得到鼓励。 International educational exchange has been fostered.
中国传统的非竞技体育运动（太极拳、武术等）与现代 奧林匹克竞技体育运动得以共同发展。
Traditional Chinese non-competitive sports (tai chi, wushu, etc.) exist side by side with modern Olympic sports.
Page 20： 玄学
metaphysics 《易经》
The Book of Changes (one of the Five Classics) （“四书五经”： 四书：《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》
The Four Books: The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Confucian Analects, The Works of Mencius
中国哲学已经成为世界三大哲学体系之一，其他两个为 西方哲学和印度哲学。
Chinese philosophy has become one of the three philosophy systems in the world, the other two being Western philosophy and Indian philosophy.
近些年，中国的教育事业发生了翻天覆地的变化。如今， 中国的教育能够满足全体人民的需要，尽管其年龄、背 景或课程的选择各有不同。
Education in China has changed dramatically in recent years. It can now meet the needs of all people, regardless of age, background, or choice of subjects.
p.18) 伦理关系 ethical relations
中国哲学的发展自成一体，独立于西方国家和其它文明 国家，具有显著的特点、独一无二的观念体系和表达方 式。
Chinese philosophy developed independent of European and other civilized countries, with its own distinguishing features, unique concept systems and expressive ways.
儒家学说 Confucianism 墨家、法家 Mohism, Legalism 孔子、孟子 Confucius, Mencius 核心思想、言行、行为准则 core of thought, words and deeds, code of behavior 仁、义、忠、恕 benevolence, justice, allegiance, forbearance 中庸之道 the doctrine of the golden mean (see the explanation on
中国哲学春秋时期基本形成，百家争鸣的战国时期得以 蓬勃发展。
Chinese philosophy began to take definite shapes during the Spring and Autumn Period and enjoyed thriving development because of the emergence of the “a hundred schools of thought contend” during the Warring States period.