读写任务之说明文 概括
读写任务概括方法与练习
读写任务的概括PartⅠ基本步骤方法和技巧第一，阅读全文，了解文章大意，理解作者的写作意图和主要观点。
1.通读全文，了解文章的体裁。
因为不同的体裁，概括文章大意的方法不相同，那么我们在概括主要内容时要注意的内容也不相同。
读写任务所给材料，通常是记叙文、议论文和说明文，以议论文和记叙文为主。
2.注意文章的写作结构。
英语文章的结构不像中文文章结构那么多种多样，英语的文章普遍以固定的几种形式叙述所要表达的内容。
如议论文多用比较来论述某个观点，历史故事文则多用叙述的方式。
因此平时熟悉一些篇章结构，阅读文章时就可以先看文章的标题、语篇标记、关键句等来识别文章的篇章结构类型，然后找出文章的框架，通过段落间的逻辑关系，了解文章的大意。
3．注意审题，看准要求是对整篇文章进行概括还是就某部份内容进行概括。
是以读者的身份进行概括，还是以当事人的身份进行概括，这决定着我们要以什么样的人称来写。
第二，正确找出文章的主旨大意。
1.一定要注意文章是否有题目，因为一篇文章的题目就是对整篇文章中心内容的最简练的归纳，是文章的精华、中心。
2.阅读完后用一句话写出文章的主旨大意。
这里我们要注意文章里一些概括性句子。
每篇文章都有其写作意图，在文章中，尤其在第一段或最后一段，作者都会对其进行总结，所以我们要注意段落里一些起概括性句子（主题句）。
文章的主题句往往出现在首段或末段，或各个段落的首句末句，然具体情况却不能一概而论。
以下是常见文体的主题句及主要内容的概括的方法和技巧。
▲▲（1）记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who)，做了什么事(what),结果怎么样(how)等五要素。
其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。
若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。
①叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。
叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。
读写任务概括.
作文专讲作文是英语学习中的重点, 也是难点。
要想写出流畅的作文, 必须多欣赏优秀范文,熟悉文章体裁,了解文章框架,形成写作套路,积累精美语言。
只有记诵一定量的优秀范文, 才能保证写作的流畅输出! 同学们要注重错句改正及优秀句子的积累, 注重优秀范文的背诵和写作, 大家一定要积极参与其中, 不断提高自身对英语的感悟能力和使用能力! 要写出好的作文, 平时必须多看范文, 多分析范文。
积累有用的词汇、词组和句型。
每次作文评改后发回来,要及时改正所犯的错误, 以后不要再犯同样的错误。
好的作文必须经过千锤百炼, 多练习多归纳多进步!“ 读写任务” 的写作过程:1把握阅读材料的结构、思路、观点与意图;2概括阅读材料的观点(论证过程3在“ 写作内容” 的引导下写作。
在写概括的时候 , 不能添加自己的见解, 但是要用自己的语言概括。
要做到开门见山,语言简洁 .如果给的阅读材料是一个故事, 应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么, 不能拖泥带水,而且要看原文是否有讲述该故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。
如果是说明性或描述性短文 , 你就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象。
如果是议论文的阅读短文 , 则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。
在议论部分 ,第一段开头语:1 According to the passage, we know…2 This article is mainly about…3 The writer states that…4 The passage tells us that…第二段 :过渡词引出主题句 ---自己的观点 ---理由• 开头用语:• I do agree with the author…• In some way, I agree with …, but…• This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.• It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, …• From my personal angle alone…• In my opinion,…• From my personal point of view…• As far as I’m concerned…第三段 [最后一段 ] : 总结句开头用语:• In conclusion,…• In short,…• To make a long story short,…• In general,…• In a word,…• In belief,…• On the whole,…• All in all,…练习如何写概括:1.记叙文A boy once stole a girl’s bicycle. He took the stolen bicycle home to his mother. The boy's mother did not punish him. Instead, she told her son that he was clever for doing so. Soon after, the boy stole a loaf of bread and brought it home. His mother thanked her son saving her money. When the boy grew up, stealing had become his habit. He often stole things he didn't even want. Then, one day, the man got caught and was going to be killed. The man's mother went to see her son in prison. "Why have you done these tings?" his mother asked. "Lean closer to me and I'll tell you," replied her son. But when his mother leaned closer her son, he bit off her ear. "I've always done these things, mother," said the man. "But you never told me they were wrong."____________________________________________________________________ _ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. 议论文Some people think studying under pressure keeps us motivated. Maybe a little pressure does good to us, but too much pressure is not favorable to students. Scientific studies show people studying under too much pressure generally don't perform as well as they do when they are not under extreme pressure. Psychologically, too much pressure can lead to mental problems or disorders. In recent years, there has been an increase in stress-related diseases among college and high-school students. A newspaper article says many students admit that they have cheated in exams because of excessive pressurecoming from their parents and teachers who demand high marks in their examination. So, appropriate pressure is acceptable, or we will face a terrible situation.To think:1. Which sentence is the topic sentence?2. Which sentences are the supporting sentences?3. Which sentence is the concluding sentence?____________________________________________________________________ _ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________3. 说明文Transportation has been developing rapidly in recent years, especially in large cities. However, it must be admitted that, along with the benefits of the rapid development of urban traffic, there have come certain problems. One of the biggest problems is traffic jams in some heavily-populated cities. It has become common to see passengers and drivers having to wait in long lines and buses and cars m oving at a snail’s pace on the streets during the rush hours.There are several reasons for this problem. First, the number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than the building of roads. No sooner has a new road been completed and opened public traffic than it is crowded with all kinds of vehicles. Second, there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses. In most cases, a car carries only one or two people, while it occupies almost half the space a bus does. Third, many people, including drivers, pedestrians and cyclists do not obey traffic rules properly, especially at busy hours. And this undoubtedly worsens the already serious situation.____________________________________________________________________ _ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________读写任务 (共 l 小题,满分 25分阅读下面的新闻报道,然后按照要求写一篇 150词左右的英语短文。
读写任务说明文2
every day. (高级句子)
(4)A: Students should respect their teachers. (一般句子)
B: —→Students
are supposed to show respect for
their
teachers. (高级句子) (5)A: She used her time fully to study Physics. (一般句子) B: —→She made good use of her time (高级句子) (6)A: He is busy with a translation of a French novel. (一般句 子) to study Physics.
simulated family, and fights will break out, jobs will be lost,
and the house will fall apart. With The Sims, you can create whatever and whomever you desire. Triumph or tragedy? You name it. In your real life, it is the same case.
are much richer now. Now it has a new look. (一般句子) B: —→Our village used to be very poor before. Most
children couldn’t afford to go to school. However, since the
open policy people are living a much richer life it is taking on a new look . (高级句子) now. Now
读写任务(议论文)概括
概括指导 论点+论据1+论据2 论点： I like watching TV very much, for I
think it has many advantages
论证1：First of all, watching TV is a way to help
us relax.
论证2：Most importantly, watching TV is
Most importantly, watching TV is educational. We can learn all kinds of subjects through educational programs and special reports on TV. For example, it`s easy for us to learn Chinese from a Chinese teacher in Beijing and to learn Russian from a Russian teacher in Moscow. TV can even teach us good manners, how to cook, what to wear, and so
(范文1) The passage tries to tell us that getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot, including a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.
educational.
用同义词或短语转换
原文：a way to help us relax. 短语：a good way to relax ourselves
中考现代文阅读之说明文考点一：信息提取与概括
中考现代文阅读之说明文考点一：信息提取与概括一、概括文章内容答题方法：①抓关键段。
（总括段，总结段，承上启下段）②抓关键句。
（中心句，段首总起句，段尾总结句，段中过渡句，设问句）③组织语言表达，抓规范答题。
（逐段概括，合并归纳）二、概括段落内容答题方法：①抓中心句，直接概括。
（总起句，总结句，过渡句）②分析文段层次，抓语言标志。
（关联词，指代词，顺序词，特殊标点符号）③组织语言表达，抓规范答题。
（准确，全面，简洁）三、筛选提炼信息答题方法：①审题干要求，锁定有效文段。
②根据疑问词，锁定有效词句。
③组织语言表达。
（准确，全面）四、辨析信息正误（选择题）常见设错类型：①偷换概念。
②表述夸大或缩小。
③混淆或然、必然。
④混淆已然、未然。
⑤以偏概全。
⑥因果颠倒。
⑦张冠李戴。
⑧误划类别。
⑨无中生有。
答题步骤：①对照选项，寻找相关语句。
②比较选项与原文意思是否一致。
③判断选择。
例题：1、(统编八上《苏州园林》“思考探究一”课文）中哪一句话最能说明苏州园林的整体特征？作者是从哪几个方面来具体展开说明的？课文从游览者的角度来概括苏州园林的特点：“务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅完美的图画。
”课文主体部分先从亭台轩谢的布局、假山池沼的配合、花草树木的映衬、近景远景的层次四个主要方来说明苏州园林的特点，又补充说明了苏州园林每一个角落的构图美，门窗的图案美，建筑的色彩美，这些都与前边的总括句密切相关。
2、(统编八下《大自然的语言》“思考探究一”）本文题为《大自然的语言》，主要是讲物候现象，你能概括一下“物候”是什么吗？草木荣枯，候鸟去来等自然现象，我国古代劳动人民称它为物候。
高中读写任务之概括
读写任务写作是具有一定开放性的写作命题分为三步走，即：“概括摘要+ 任务过渡+要点拓展”选材内容：考生熟悉或比较熟悉的题材,以议论文或记叙文为主。
读写任务写作必须注意：1．首段(main idea)：用一两句话概述原文内容要点，约30个词；(三、四行)2．主体(要点)：依据材料陈述自我观点并加以例证来验证；（2,3,4自然段）广东高考英语读写任务01——概括一、记叙文的概括——串联要素法记叙文的概要, 一般包括记叙文的六个要素(who; when; where; what; how; why), 也就是考生应先通读阅读短文，找出这六个要素,然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。
1. 谁做了什么？(who did what)2. 结果如何？(what was the result)，若是夹叙夹议的文章, 还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育。
Passage 01Jackie is perhaps the most easily annoyed koala（考拉）at the Feather dale Wildlife Park in southern Australia. All the koalas there are unhappy and complaining. You would be too if you were used to night activities and someone kept waking you up all day while you were trying to sleep it off. That’s right—sleep it off. The average koala is always half asleep because it feeds on the leaves of a special kind that makes it sleepy.The reason why Jackie and her fellow koalas are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep is that they can be hugged and photographed by tourists, who make the trips to Feather dale and an increasing number of other national parks for just that special experience. Whatever department in the Aussie government in charge of such things is now moving to make the practice illegal，which is understandable. How would you react, my friend, if you were trying to sleep off a dozen times and some round，furry creature smelling of grass kept waking you?要点：1.who?______________________________________________2. What happened to them?______________________________________________3. Result ?______________________________________________4. Why ?______________________________________________5. Meaning or purpose?____________________________整合所有信息、改写：1.Someone kept waking them.__________________________________________2.The reason why ... is that they can be hugged and photograph by tourists.__________________________________________3.ask us to think and do as animals__________________________________________Summary:：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage 02When Sam first got to his boarding school with his parents, he was very happy. He thought he would be able to go home every weekend. When he was told he would not, he started crying because the thought of not seeing his parents was driving him crazy.He was given uniforms and all other things that he would need for the term. He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave. He was then taken to the dorm, where he saw other children happy. He tried as much as he could to fit in but could not because his mind was at home. He started feeling homesick (想家) and wanted to go homes as soon as possible.He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food. He could not concentrate in the classroom. All he could think was being at home with his family. He had no mobile phone or other means to get in touch with his parents. He was angry and felt lonely. He thought his parents hated him and that was why they left him in a boarding school.要点：1.who?___________________________________________2. What happened to them?______________________________________________3. Result ?______________________________________________4. Why ?______________________________________________5. Meaning or purpose?______________________________________________Summary:：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、议论文的概括——议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论, 因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句(the topic sentences)、支撑句(supporting sentences)和结论句(conclusionsentences)。
读写任务各种文体概括z1
Skill 5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.
Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work, people come into contact with each other. By collective activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease.
2020/12/26
2020/12/26
2020/12/26
Summary: The Clark family, who were unlucky to miss boarding Titanic because one son was bitten by a dog, were fortunately saved. This story is about a tragedy turning into a blessing. （31 words)
读写任务作文之如何写概括
读写任务作文之如何写概括“读写任务”其实是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景，同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。
概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。
概括的步骤：1.确定主题句。
2.寻找关键词。
3.重构主题句。
4.重组支撑句。
概括的形式：主题句+支撑句议论文：文章论点（一句）+文章论据（两三句）记叙文：故事的写作目的\主题（一句）+故事大意（两三句）说明文：说明的对象\观点\现象+解释\分述评分细则：1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，0分。
2.机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，1分。
3.稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原文词序的，2分。
4.创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，3分。
5.结构、用词、词性变化比较好的，4-5分。
概括的具体写法1.定时态。
2.定人称。
3.定技巧。
Skill 1: Omit the details.Skill 2: Omit the repetitions.Skill 3: Omit the examples.Skill 4: Use general words instead of specific words.Skill 5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.概括为：She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.概括为：He was very brave in battle.He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.概括为：He was in financial difficulties.概括中常用的句式或模板1.议论文The essay\passage\author highlights the importance of encouragement for students.The essay\passage\author discusses the impact of email.The essay\passage\author compares friendship with the comfort of home.The essay\passage\author outlines the harmful effects of smoking.The essay\passage\author argues in support of..., stating that...The passage highlights the importance...2.记叙文点明写作目的：The writer tells us...（主题）by showing us an example of..., who\which...（故事情节）作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth., which...他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sb’s experience of doing sth...The passage is a story about...3.说明文现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon...（主题）, which...（补充解释）利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages\benefits of A and B. A...while B...研究显示类：The study reveals that...4.通用型According to the passage, we know...This article is mainly about...As can be learnt form the passage, ...。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
• Summary:问题+解决方法
• The passage tells us how to be a good friend, including listening more to friends’ talks, offering help when necessary, staying with them and making plans together约30个词概括该文的主要内容。
•
Imagine entering a very building and you have no idea how to get to the office you are looking for. But then, as you’re standing there, a nearly silent balloon floats over to you and speaks to you. It asks you where you want to go. You tell it, and then it simply says “follow me” like a child’s game, and begins to float off in the direction of you destination. It keeps going, as you follow, leading you to where you want to go. • The guide works it self, without any help form any human being. It says hello to people as they arrive in the building, speaks to them, processes their requests and then guides them to the destination. • The balloon has two tiny fans to help keep it floating and to provide just a touch of lift. Onboard is a wireless receiver for receiving directions form a computer that directs the fans and sensors that let it know where objects are around it. • The idea of such a simple robot is one that has been on the minds of scientists for years, and has been mentioned in novels many times. Today the iPhone does something similar but has to be connected to the Internet which is sometimes difficult. This is why this little balloon might be the wave of the future ----because it is so much easier to follow.
• Summary: 对象+性质功用+利好
• The writer introduces the idea of a balloon robot, especially how it helps to guide people to their destination without being connected to the internet, from which we know it may become popular in the future. (36words)
Summary:
The writer introduces the idea of… The passage tells us how to… The author talks about …
注意的问题
• 1. 第三人称 • 2. 时态常用一般现在时.
• 介绍其历史时，要用一般过去时
• 3. 用近义词替换原文词句
• 模板1. “对象+性质功用+利好” • • 描写事物的性质功用。 In the passage the writer introduces…(对象)to us, especially its…（性 质或功用）, from which we know…（对象带 来的利好）。
•
• 模板2. “问题+解决方法” • 针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施
• The passage tells us how to…(问题), including…（方法1），（方法2）and（方法 3）.
• 模板3. “现象+原因+结果” • 介绍某现象及原因和结果
• The author said/talks about…（现象） of…, because/but…（原因1或性质1） , and … （原因2或性质2） 。
支持说明 :
• • • •
（注意连接词 ）
Firstly： eat healthy foods Secondly : take regular rest Besides ：be aware of some threats Last : take regular medical examines
• • • • •
篇章结构法
说明文特点： 条理清楚，层次分明 说明文的文章结构：
介绍对象（主题） + 支持说明
说明文概括方法：
1. 找出介绍对象（找文章主题句） 2. 找出支持说明 （注意连接词 或 小结各段的主旨）
篇章结构法
介绍对象： （主题）
what can we do to take care of eyes?
• Summary: • Our eyes are important for us, so the author tells us how to take care of our eyes, including eating healthy food, giving them enough time to rest, knowing some threat, and taking frequent eye examinations. (36words)
•
阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。
•
Eye care is an important factor in all of our lives. Without eyes, we seem to be able to do nothing. But, what can we do to take care of eyes? Firstly, we should eat healthy foods. Secondly, don’t sit before a computer screen or TV for too long time and take regular rest at intervals（间隔） so that relax the eye muscles. Thirdly, having enough sleep is the best rest for eyes. • Besides those notices, you should be aware of some threats to eyes in daily lives. Excessive exposure to bright sunlight is harmful to eyes, therefore, when going out, especially in summer time, put on a pair of qualified sunglasses; Stay away form smoking. Some ingredients in cigarettes are carcinogenesis(致癌的). • Last but not the least, take regular medical examines to the check out potential eye disease and prevent its deterioration(退化). Eyes are the most important sense organs and one should use proper eye care products to avoid further irritations(刺激性) and ensure longevity at ease.
• 练习2 阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。
•
• •
•
•
One of the most important things in the world is friendship. In order to have friends, you have to be a friend. But how can you be a good friend at school? Listen---- Listen when they are talking. Don’t say anything unless they ask you a question. Sometimes it’s not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings. Help them----- If your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. You should try to put them first, but make sure you don’t do everything they want you to do. Try to take an extra pencil or pen with you to classes in case they forget one. Be there for them---- Try to make something for your friend to help make them feel better in hard times. Making card and encouraging them are among the nicest things you can do for a friend. Always remember this! If you don’t want to stay with your friends when they are in hard time, then you don’t deserve to be with them when they are having a good time! Try to make plans with your friends----- Go shopping, go for ice cream and so on. Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. By planning things together, you both can have a good time. And you’ll remember these things when you’re all old!