英法百年战争【英文】
2019年军队文职人员统一招聘考试英语真题
2019年军队文职人员统一招聘考试英语真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、语法与词汇(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.My son failed to come back home last night. This morning the police came to our house and ________ my worst fears that he was injured in a car acc ident.（分数：0.50）A.advocatedB.confirmed √C.promisedD.insured解析：A选项意为“提倡，拥护”；B选项意为“确认，确定”；C选项意为“允诺，许诺”；D选项意为“确保，保证”。
题目意为“我儿子昨夜没回家。
今早，警察来我家，________我最担心的是他在车祸中受伤。
”结合题意选择B项，使我确认了我最担心的。
故正确答案为B。
2.In an effort to ________ culture shocks, I think it is necessary to know something about the natur e of culture.（分数：0.50）A.get offB.get byC.get throughD.get over √解析：A选项意为“动身，免于受罚”；B选项意为“通过，获得认可”；C 选项意为“度过（困难时期）”；D选项意为“克服，从······中恢复”。
题目意为“为了________文化冲突，我认为有必要了解文化的本质。
”结合文意选择D项，克服文化冲突。
故正确答案为D。
3.Tom likes swimming, but he doesn't like playing b asketball.________.（分数：0.50）A.So do I.B.So it is with me. √C.Neither do I.D.I do so, too.解析：A选项意为“我也是”，对肯定句作出回应；B选项意为“我的情况也是如此”，相当于it's the same with sb. 一般用于前面既有肯定句又有否定句的情况；C选项意为“我也不”，对否定句作出回应；D选项意为“我也这么做”。
英法百年战争背景和起因
Reasons for the outbreak of war
Fuse of the war was Flanders region (present-day Belgium and the Netherlands). Then Flanders was European industrial developed region. Particularly in wool textile technology was very advanced. So here was the richest part of Europe.
Louis VII
Background
The United Kingdom monarch of golden bird-flower dynasty theoretically was France subjects, should be for the French King effect render one's services. Not only so, regardless of as Royal history intermarriage of in-laws with France, also was as France most powerful of feudal lords, once France throne appeared the situation-old King had no son, or because various causes no legitimate of throne heir.When the nobles struggled for the throne, the monarch of golden bird-flower dynasty was no doubt that to have participation game of qualification! So after the French King died, Edward III formally proposed requirements inherited the throne of France.
The Hundred Years' War 英法百年战争
➢ It was a disaster for the people.Both of their economy was deeply damaged,so the people in the two countries lived in dire poverty.
➢The war in one hundred, crying in one hundred.
➢ From 1380 to 1415, France was in prolonged instability and its industry and commerce declined seriously.
➢ The war stimulated nationalistic sentiment. It devastated France as a land, but it awakened French nationalism.
➢ 贞德原本是一位法国农村少女，她声称在十六岁 时的一日，在村后的大树下遇见天使圣弥额尔、 圣玛加利大和圣加大肋纳，从而得到“上帝的启 示”，要求她带兵收复当时由英格兰人占领的法 国失地。后来她几番转折，得到兵权，于1429年 解奥尔良之围，成为了闻名法国的女英雄，后带 兵多次打败英格兰的侵略者，更促使拥有王位承 继权的查理七世于同年7月16日得以加冕。然而 圣女贞德于1430年在贡比涅一次小冲突中为勃艮 第公国所俘，不久为英格兰人以重金购去，由英 格兰当局控制下的宗教裁判所以异端和女巫罪判 处她火刑，于1431年5月30日在法国鲁昂当众处 死。20年后英格兰军队被彻底逐出法国时，贞德 年老的母亲说服教宗卡利克斯特三世重新审判贞 德的案子，最终于1456年为她平反。500年后被 梵蒂冈封圣。
➢ Hauberk (锁子甲） in Europe had more than one thousand years history. Early in the war, it was still the best protective equipment .But later ， plate armor（板甲） greatly enhance protection.
世界上最会让人误解的10题
世界上最会让人误解的10题话说我看完就觉得这个世界很有深度……⒈百年战争(英法)到底打了多久?⒉巴拿马帽(Panama hat)是哪个国家制造的?⒊猫肠(Cat guts)是从哪种动物身上来的?⒋俄国人在哪一个月庆祝十月革命?⒌骆驼毛刷(Camel's hair brush)是用哪种毛造的?⒍太平洋的金丝雀群岛(Canary ISlands)是以什么动物命名的?⒎英皇乔治五世(King George Ⅵ)的名字叫什么?⒏紫织布鸟(Purple finch)是什么颜色的?⒐中国腊栗(Chi nese gooseberry)是哪里出产的?⒑客机上的黑盒(Black box)是什么颜色的?如果你答案是1.一百年2.巴拿马3.猫4.十月5.骆驼6.金丝雀7.乔治五世(King George Ⅵ)8.紫色9.中国10.黑色那祝贺你 ....错咯 ~~答案公布....1.百年战争（英法)到底打了多久?答：116年2.巴拿马帽panama hat是哪个国家制造的?答：厄瓜多尔ecuador3.猫肠cat guts是从哪种动物身上来的?答：羊和马4.俄国人在哪个月庆祝十月革命?答：11月5.骆驼毛刷camel"s hair brush是用什么毛造的?答：松鼠毛squirrelfur6.太平洋的金丝雀群岛canary islands是以什么动物命名的? 答：狗7.英皇乔治五世king george vi的名字是什么?答：albert8.紫织布鸟purple finch是什么颜色的?答：深红色9.中国醋栗chinese gooseberry是在哪里出产的?答：纽西兰newzealand10.客机上的黑盒black box是什么颜色的? 答：橙色~。
英法百年战争【英文】
Crusades 1095-1291
Trade
▪ Allows for Exchange of ideas
▪ Increased Wealth = Increased Consumer goods/luxuries
▪ Crusades/Trade create unified Christendom
Group (Artisan)
Medieval Universities
Oxford University
The Late Middle Ages and The Catholic Church
Society in 13th Century Europe
▪ Religion Dominates all aspects of life
▪ Scotland
▪ Cologne
Notre Dame, Paris
Theocracy of Europe
▪ Popes, Cardinals anoint Kings
▪ Europe is united in Christianity
▪ Political and Religious hierarchy is similar
▪ Church Monopolizes education
▪ Monasteries centers of education and literature
▪ Monks study and copy ancient texts
▪ Some classic works are preserved
▪ Others destroyed because of the cost of paper
▪ Papacy exerts both secular and spiritual authority
英法百年战争英文PPT
The Europe in the eyes of the British
The Europe in the eyes of the Franch
map:
Battle of Agincourt, England aligned with Burgundy,invaded almost all the north of France 141 5 England attacked Orleans, France was in danger,French people fight aginst the invaters,It become a national liberation movement 142 0 Treaty of Troyes, France had become part oBritish Commonwealthf 142 8 142 9 Jeanne d'Arc appeared,lead the army ,got a lot of victories, Charlie VII crowned Jeanne d'Arc was betrayed ,under the plot of England,she was burnt to death.
St. George's Cross flag
England
35 30 25
20
France
食物 天然气 15
旅馆
10
5
0
一月
二月
三月
四月
五月
六月
king
Edward III
In 1337,he declared himself as the king of france,so Philippe VI determined to recover the whole territory of England in France,and the war began.
浅论英法百年战争爆发的原因2.1
浅论英法百年战争爆发的原因百年战争（Hundred Y ears' War）是指英国和法国，于1337-453年间的战争，是世界最长的战争，断断续续进行了长达116年。
英法两国的战争行动从1337年11月开始，到1338年才正式宣战。
以法王宣布没收爱德华在法国的领地，并出兵包围基恩为开始。
以1453年，英军被法国军民驱赶出去，只控制加莱港一地为结束。
要了解英法百年战争，就要首先了解西欧的封建制度。
在西欧封建制度下，西欧封建主之间普遍结成封君封臣关系。
封臣对封君承担义务，概括来说，分为三项：其一是效忠，不能做危害封君的事；其二是帮助，这是最主要、最重要的义务，包括为封君服兵役、提供协助金和物资；其三是劝告，有义务出席封君召集的会议，提出意见帮助封君，会议兼有封君法庭和封建议事会的性质，审理的案件主要是封臣之间或封臣与封君之间发生的纠纷。
封君对封臣也有义务，主要是保护和维持封臣，不得伤害后者的荣誉、财产和生命。
10世纪后，封土与封臣制紧密结合，封土的领有是世袭的，封臣死后，其子为继续领有封土需重新向封君行臣服礼，所以事实上，封君封臣关系是世袭的，这种关系一经缔结无论是封君还是封臣都不能随意解除。
其次，要了解英法两国的历史渊源。
911年时，西法兰克王查理三世将今法国诺曼底半岛一带封给诺曼人首领罗伦，建立诺曼底公国。
1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉成为英国国王，自此历代英国国王都享受了海峡群岛的统治权。
诺曼底公国从封建义务上是法国的附庸，但是当时英国国王兼任诺曼底公爵，法王与英王之间形成了封君封臣关系，在封建义礼上说，英王九应该臣服于法王，这就为英法百年战争埋下了伏笔。
征服者威廉的儿子亨利一世统治时(1100-1135年)，首先夺取了诺曼底公国，使他与法国卡佩王朝的矛盾益趋激化。
1154年，亨利外孙安茹伯爵继位，是为亨利二世，金雀花王朝统治开始。
亨利二是从父母继承的领土有英格兰、诺曼底、安茹、曼恩、屠棱；由于同阿奎丹女继承人埃莉娜结婚又取得了普瓦都、阿奎丹、加斯科尼，后来在1169年又取得了布列塔尼。
The Hundred Years' War 英法百年战争
The Hundred Years’ War between England andFranceIn 1328, the Capetian dynasty in France came to an end with the death of Charles IV, the son of Philip the Fair. An assembly of French barons gave the crown to Philip VI of Valois, the nephew of Philip the Fair.Causes of the Hundred Years WarEdward III, king of England, asserted that he in fact had a superior claimed to the throne because his mother was Philip the Fair's daughter. This, then, was one of the primary causes of the Hundred Years' War. Another cause of the Hundred Years' War was clearly economic conflict. The French monarchy tried to squeeze new taxes from towns in northern Europe which had grown wealthy as trade and cloth-making centers. Dependent as they were on English wool, these towns through their support behind English and Edward III.The Hundred Years War and the MercenariesTo make matters worse, war had become a more expensive proposition in the 14th century. Larger, healthier and better-trained armies were needed. Most governments began to rely on paid mercenaries to do their fighting for them. The problem with mercenaries is that they were expensive to obtain an even more expensive to retain. More often than not, the mercenary had no allegiance to anyone king and fought for the highest bidder. Furthermore, mercenaries were a competitive and quarrelsome lot. The Hundred Years War - the TaxesTo counteract the high price of war, European monarchs imposed even more taxes upon the people. The French were most adept at this: there were taxes on salt, bread, and wine as well as taxes on the rights to use wine presses, grindstones and mills. And of course, there was the poll tax.The Hundred Years War - the FactionsThe last cause of the Hundred Years' War was factional conflict. By the 14th century the European nobility had become diluted with men who had entered the nobility not because they had a claim by virtue of birth but because of their wealth. Meanwhile, the older nobility was losing income due to declining rents. Many older nobles joined forces with mercenaries in order to maintain their position and status. Other nobles married into wealthy families while still others tried to improve their situation by the buying and selling of royal offices. What all this boiled down to was conflict. Nobles tended to join factions united against other factions. These factions included a greatfamily, their knights, servants and even workers and peasants on the manorial estate. They had their own small armies, loyalties and even symbols of allegiance. The bottom line is that these factions were beginning to form small states within a state and contributed not only to the overall violence of the 14th century but also to the need of monarchs to keep their nobility under constant surveillance. This explains why Louis XIV, the Sun King, housed his nobility at Versailles -- it was so he could keep an eye on them.The Hundred Years War - AquitaineThe most pressing issue during the Hundred Years' War was the status of Aquitaine, a large province in south western France. According to feudal law, Edward III held Aquitaine as part of his fiefdom. Philip attacked this territory, claiming it was rightfully his. Edward's response was to join forces with the Flemish in 1337 and this was the principal cause of the war.The Hundred Years WarThe war, fought entirely on French soil, raged off and on for more than 100 years. English victories were followed by French victories, then a period of stalemate would ensue, until the conflicts again rose to the surface. During periods of truce, English and French soldiers -- most of whom were mercenaries -- would roam the French countryside killing and stealing. After the battle of Agincourt in 1415, won by the English under Henry V, the English controlled most of northern France. It appeared that England would shortly conquer France and unite the two countries under one crown. At this crucial moment in French history, a young and illiterate peasant girl, Joan of Arc (c.1412-1431), helped to rescue France.The One Hundred Years War and Joan of ArcAt the age of 13 Joan believed she had heard the voices of St. Michael, St. Catherine and St. Margaret bidding her to rescue the French people. Believing that God had commanded her to drive the English out of France, Joan rallied the demoralized French troops, leading them in battle. Clad in a suit of white armor and flying her own standard she liberated France from the English at the battle of Orleans. Ultimately captured and imprisoned by the English, Joan of Arc was condemned as a heretic and a witch and stood trial before the Inquisition in 1431. Joan was found guilty and was to be burnt at the stake but at the last moment she broke down and recanted everything. She eventually broke down again and faithful to her "voices," decided to become a martyr and was then burnt at the stake and became a national hero.。
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Crusades 1095-1291
Trade
Allows for Exchange of ideas Increased Wealth = Increased Consumer goods/luxuries Crusades/Trade create unified Christendom Renaissance of the 13th Century?
Chartres, France
Competition to Build the Grandest Cathedral for the Glory of God
Scotland Cologne
Notre Dame, Paris
Theocracy of Europe
Popes, Cardinals anoint Kings Europe is united in Christianity Political and Religious hierarchy is similar Some diversity in practices and beliefs Church, Good Works, Sacraments, Key to Salvation Preoccupown (The Founding)
Towns begin to develop around Europe Centered around Churches and Markets Dominated by Guilds Non-Traditional Social Group (Artisan)
Feudalism: Parallel Pyramids
State King Lords Lesser Lords Knights Artisans Peasantry, Serfs Church Pope Cardinals Arch Bishop Bishop Clergy and Religious Orders Parishioners
Medieval Castle
The Black Plague
Social Relations
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.
Social History
Peasants Agrarian society Very little opportunity for social mobility Labor/product is currency Peasant are producers and consumers Life is short, days are long, goal salvation Service for Protection Women and Family High infant Mortality 20%of Women die in child birth Family works together to farm small plots of land After Marriage women are husbands property No rights to inheritance Education takes place in the home
Medieval Universities
Oxford University
The Late Middle Ages and The Catholic Church
Society in 13th Century Europe Religion Dominates all aspects of life Papacy exerts both secular and spiritual authority Age of the great Cathedrals and Gothic Art Renaissance of the 13th Century
Introduction to Modern European History: Feudal Society
Adorate Deum
Social, Political and Economic Influences of the Late Middle Ages (Overview)
Art and Literature
Christian focus Very little realism
Some Ancient Symbology
Blend of Ancient Pagan Traditions and Christianity 13th and 14th Century Papacy tries to tighten the reigns on ancient symbology
How the Church Saved Civilization
Church Monopolizes education Monasteries centers of education and literature Monks study and copy ancient texts Some classic works are preserved Others destroyed because of the cost of paper