化学专业英语摘要翻译6篇汇编
有关化学的英文摘要作文
有关化学的英文摘要作文英文：Chemistry is a fascinating subject that deals with the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. It is a branch of science that is closely related to our daily lives, from the food we eat to the air we breathe. As a chemistry enthusiast, I have always been intrigued by the way different substances interact with each other and the amazing reactions that take place.One of the most interesting topics in chemistry is the concept of chemical bonding. Chemical bonding is the process by which atoms combine to form molecules or compounds. There are different types of chemical bonds, such as ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. For example, when sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) react, they form an ionic bond to create sodium chloride (NaCl), which is common table salt. Understanding chemical bonding is crucial in explaining the properties of differentsubstances and predicting how they will behave undercertain conditions.Another captivating aspect of chemistry is the study of chemical reactions. Chemical reactions occur when substances are mixed together and undergo a change to form new substances. For instance, when hydrogen gas (H2) reacts with oxygen gas (O2) in the presence of a catalyst, itforms water (H2O). This process, known as the synthesis of water, is a fundamental reaction that is essential for life. Chemical reactions play a vital role in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and manufacturing.Furthermore, the field of organic chemistry is particularly intriguing as it focuses on the study ofcarbon compounds. Organic compounds are essential for life and are found in all living organisms. For example, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are organic compounds that are vital for the functioning of the human body. Understanding organic chemistry is crucial for developing new drugs, improving agricultural practices, and creating innovative materials.In addition to the theoretical aspects of chemistry, practical applications are also significant. For instance, analytical chemistry involves the identification and quantification of substances in various samples. This is essential in fields such as forensic science, environmental monitoring, and quality control in industries. Moreover, physical chemistry explores the principles and theories behind the behavior of matter and energy, leading to advancements in fields such as nanotechnology and materials science.In conclusion, chemistry is a diverse and captivating subject that has a profound impact on our daily lives. From understanding the composition of the air we breathe to developing new materials for technology, chemistry plays a crucial role in shaping the world around us.中文：化学是一个迷人的学科，涉及物质及其变化的研究。
有关化学的英文摘要作文
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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Chemistry is a fascinating subject that involves the study of matter and its properties. It encompasses a wide range of topics, from the structure of atoms and molecules to the reactions that occur between them. In this article, we will explore some of the key concepts in chemistry and their relevance to our everyday lives.One of the fundamental concepts in chemistry is the periodic table. This table organizes all of the known elements based on their atomic structure and properties. It is a powerful tool for predicting the behavior of elements and their compounds. For example, we can use the periodic table to determine the reactivity of different metals and their suitability for various applications.Another important concept in chemistry is chemical bonding. This refers to the way in which atoms combine to form molecules. There are several types of chemical bonds, including covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds. Each type ofbond has its own unique properties and behaviors. For example, covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.Chemical reactions are another key concept in chemistry. These reactions involve the transformation of one or more substances into new substances with different properties. Chemical reactions can be classified as exothermic or endothermic, depending on whether they release or absorb energy. They can also be classified as reversible or irreversible, depending on whether they can be undone.Acids and bases are also important concepts in chemistry. These are substances that can donate or accept protons (H+ ions). Acids have a pH less than 7, while bases have a pH greater than 7. Neutral substances have a pH of 7. Acids and bases are involved in many chemical reactions,and their properties can have important implications forour health and the environment.In conclusion, chemistry is a diverse and fascinatingsubject that has many practical applications in oureveryday lives. From the periodic table to chemical bonding, reactions, and acids and bases, there are many key concepts that are essential for understanding the behavior of matter and its interactions. By studying chemistry, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the world around us and thechemical processes that shape it.。
化学化工专业英语翻译
•Coal, petroleum and natural gas now yield their bond energies to man.煤，石油和天然气现在为人类提供各种各样的结合能。
•Salts may also be found by the replacement of hydrogen from an acid with a metal.盐也能通过用金属置换酸中的氢而获得。
•An acid was once defined as a substance that would form hydrogen ions(H+) in water solution and a base as one that would form hydroxide ions(OH-) in the same.人们曾把酸定义为在水溶液中能产生氢离子的物质，而碱则是在同样溶液中会产生氢氧根离子的物质。
•These books are packed in tens. 这些书每十本装一包。
•These products are counted by hundreds. 这些产品是成百成百计数的。
•They went out by twos and threes. 他们三三两两地出去了。
•They consulted tens of magazines. 他们查阅了几十本杂志。
•Automation helps to increase productivity hundreds of times over. 自动化使生产率提高了几百倍。
•More weight must be placed on the past history of patients. 必须更加重视患者的病史。
•The continuous process can be conducted at any prevailing pressure without release to atmospheric pressure.连续过程能在任何常用的压力下进行，而不必暴露在大气中。
化工专业英语课文翻译
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
化学专业英语版翻译
01 THE ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE01 元素和元素周期表The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z.质子的数量在一个原子的核被称为原子序数,或质子数、周淑金、电子的数量在一个电中性原子也等于原子序数松山机场的总质量的原子做出很近的总数的质子和中子在它的核心。
这个总数被称为大量胡逸舟、中子的数量在一个原子,中子数,给出了a - z的数量。
The term element refers to, a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. To the chemist the "kind" of atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z = 1 to Z = 107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of the English name consisting of one or two letters, for example:这个术语是指元素,一个纯物质与原子组成一个单一的善良。
化学化工类外文翻译 原文
化学化工类外文翻译原文Original Text:Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 BackgroundNuclear energy has been providing a significant share of the world’s electricity for more than half a century. Currently, nuclear power plants generate approximately 10% of the world’s electricity supply, with this figure increasing to over 30% in some countries such as France [1]. However, for nuclear energy to continue to be an important source of electricity in the future, the safe and efficient operation of nuclear power plants must be ensured. A key component of ensuring safe and efficient operation is the availability of inspection techniques that can detect defects, assess their severity, and monitor their growth over time.The presence of defects in materials used in nuclear power plants can arise from a number of sources including fabrication, welding, and service exposure. Defects can manifest themselves as a variety of features such as cracks, voids, inclusions, and inhomogeneities. Defects can be classified based on their size, shape, and orientation, with some defectsbeing more critical to the performance and safety of a component than others. For example, surface-breaking transverse cracks in pressure vessel components can be particularly critical since they can rapidly propagate under service loading and can lead to catastrophic failure if not detected and remedied in a timely manner [2].Inspection techniques used to detect and monitor defects in nuclear power plant components are continually evolving. Inspection methods have traditionally included visual examination, ultrasonics, radiography, and eddy current testing [3]. These techniques have proven reliable and effective, but have limitations such as the inability to inspect certain materials and geometries. In addition, advances in materials science and technology have led to the development of new materials with different physical and chemical properties that may not be well-suited to traditional inspection techniques. Therefore, there is a need to develop and optimize inspection techniques that are capable of detecting andmonitoring defects in advanced materials and structures.1.2 Objectives and ScopeThe primary objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the different types of inspection techniques that are currently used in the nuclearpower industry for detecting, characterizing, and monitoring defects in materials and components. The chapter will discuss the limitations of current inspection techniques and the challenges associated with the inspection of advanced materials and structures. The chapter will also highlight recent developments in inspection techniques including the use of advanced sensors, imaging, and data analysis techniques.The scope of the chapter will cover a range of inspection techniques used in the nuclear power industry including visual examination, ultrasonics, radiography, eddy current testing, and other techniques such as thermography and acoustic emission testing. The chapter will focus on the application of these techniques to welds, pressure vessels, steam generators, and reactor components. The chapter will also briefly discuss the use of inspection techniques for other applications such as monitoring corrosion and degradation of materials.1.3 Organization of the ChapterThe remainder of this chapter is organized as follows. Section 2 provides an overview of visual examination and its application to the inspection of nuclear power plant components. Section 3 describes ultrasonic inspection techniques and their use in detecting and characterizing defects in materials and components.Section 4 discusses radiography and its use forimaging defects in materials. Section 5 covers eddy current testing and its application to the detectionof surface and subsurface defects. Section 6 provides an overview of other non-destructive evaluation techniques such as thermography and acoustic emission testing. Section 7 summarizes recent developments in inspection techniques including the use of advanced sensors and imaging techniques. Section 8 concludesthe chapter with a discussion of challenges and future directions in inspection technology for nuclear power plant components.中文翻译：第一章绪论1.1 背景核能已经为全球电力供应提供了半个多世纪的重要部分。
化工专业英语翻译全
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
可以认为它起源于工业革命其间，大约在1800年，并发展成为为其它工业部门提供化学原料的产业。
比如制肥皂所用的碱，棉布生产所用的漂白粉，玻璃制造业所用的硅及Na2CO3. 我们会注意到所有这些都是无机物。
有机化学工业的开始是在十九世纪六十年代以William Henry Perkin 发现第一种合成染料—苯胺紫并加以开发利用为标志的。
20世纪初，德国花费大量资金用于实用化学方面的重点研究，到1914年，德国的化学工业在世界化学产品市场上占有75%的份额。
这要归因于新染料的发现以及硫酸的接触法生产和氨的哈伯生产工艺的发展。
而后者需要较大的技术突破使得化学反应第一次可以在非常高的压力条件下进行。
这方面所取得的成绩对德国很有帮助。
特别是由于1914年第一次世界大仗的爆发，对以氮为基础的化合物的需求飞速增长。
这种深刻的改变一直持续到战后（1918-1939）。
1940年以来，化学工业一直以引人注目的速度飞速发展。
尽管这种发展的速度近年来已大大减慢。
化学工业的发展由于1950年以来石油化学领域的研究和开发大部分在有机化学方面取得。
石油化工在60年代和70年代的迅猛发展主要是由于人们对于合成高聚物如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚脂和环氧树脂的需求巨大增加。
今天的化学工业已经是制造业中有着许多分支的部门，并且在制造业中起着核心的作用。
它生产了数千种不同的化学产品，而人们通常只接触到终端产品或消费品。
这些产品被购买是因为他们具有某些性质适合（人们）的一些特别的用途，例如，用于盆的不粘涂层或一种杀虫剂。
这些化学产品归根到底是由于它们能产生的作用而被购买的。
2．化学工业的定义在本世纪初，要定义什么是化学工业是不太困难的，因为那时所生产的化学品是很有限的，而且是非常清楚的化学品，例如，烧碱，硫酸。
介绍化工专业的认识英文作文
介绍化工专业的认识英文作文Understanding the Chemical Engineering Profession1. The Role of Chemical Engineers2. Core Areas of StudyThe foundation of chemical engineering lies in several core areas of study:Chemistry: A deep understanding of chemistry is essential for chemical engineers. They study chemical reactions, material properties, and reaction kinetics to develop and optimize chemical processes.Thermodynamics: Chemical engineers use thermodynamic principles to understand and predict the behavior of materials and energy during chemical processes. This knowledge is crucial for designing efficient systems and optimizing energy usage.Fluid Mechanics: This area focuses on the behavior of fluids in motion and at rest. Chemical engineers apply fluid mechanics principles to design and operate equipment such as pumps, reactors, and separation units.Heat and Mass Transfer: Understanding how heat and mass are transferred within chemical processes is vital for designing efficient systems. This includes studying heatexchangers, distillation columns, and other separation technologies.Process Control: Chemical engineers utilize processcontrol techniques to monitor and regulate chemical processes, ensuring they operate within desired parameters and maintain product quality.3. Practical ApplicationsChemical engineering is instrumental in numerouspractical applications that impact daily life and industry: Energy Production: In the energy sector, chemical engineers work on optimizing processes for extracting, refining, and utilizing energy sources, including fossil fuels, biofuels, and renewable energy.Environmental Protection: Chemical engineers contributeto environmental sustainability developing technologies for waste treatment, pollution control, and resource recovery. They work on projects aimed at reducing the environmental impact of industrial activities.Food and Beverage Industry: Chemical engineers design and optimize processes for food and beverage production, focusing on improving quality, safety, and efficiency in manufacturing.4. Challenges and InnovationsChemical engineering faces several challenges thatrequire innovative solutions:Sustainability: Chemical engineers are increasingly focused on developing sustainable processes and technologies that minimize environmental impact and promote the use of renewable resources.Safety: Ensuring safety in chemical processes is paramount. Chemical engineers must address potential hazards, implement safety protocols, and design systems that prevent accidents and protect workers and the environment.5. Future ProspectsConclusion。
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Asymmetric C(sp)-C(sp2) bond formation to give enantiomerically enriched1,3-butadienyl-2-carbinols occurred through a homoallenylboration reaction between a 2,3-dienylboronic ester and aldehydes under the catalysis of a chiral phosphoric acid (CPA). A diverse range of enantiomerically enriched butadiene-substituted secondary alcohols with aryl,heterocyclic, and aliphatic substituents were synthesized in very high yield with high enantioselectivity. Preliminary density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the reaction proceeds via a cyclic six-membered chairlike transition state with essential hydrogen-bond activation in the allene reagent.The catalytic reaction was amenable to the gram-scale synthesis of a chiral alkyl butadienyl adduct, which was converted into an interesting optically pure compound bearing a benzo-fused spirocyclic cyclopentenone framework.在手性磷酸（CPA）催化剂条件下，2,3-硼酸酯和醛通过反应生成了富对映体的1,3-丁二烯-2-甲醇，这里面含有不对称的碳（sp杂化）碳（sp2杂化）键。
不同丁二烯取代的二级醇的富对映体和芳香烃、杂环以及脂肪烃的合成可以有高产率和很好的对映体选择性。
初步的密度泛函理论（DFT）的计算表明，这个反应是在丙二醇试剂中通过对氢键必要的活化而经过了一个六元环椅型结构的过渡态实现的。
这个反应对于手性的烷基二烯的克级别反应而言是容易控制的，而手性的烷基二烯可以转化为一种有趣的耐苯并环戊酮的光学纯化合物。
Yiyong Huang,Xing Yang, Zongchao Lv,Chen Cai,Cheng Kai, Yong Pei,and Yu Feng. Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,3-Butadienyl-2-carbinols by the Homoallenylboration of Aldehydes with a Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyst[J].AngewandteChemie,2015,127:7407-7410C-H bonds are ubiquitous in organic compounds. It would, therefore, appear that direct functionalization of substrates by activation of C-H bonds would eliminate the multiple steps and limitations associated with the preparation of functionalized starting materials. Regioselectivity is an important issue because organic molecules can contain a wide variety of C-H bonds. The use of a directing group can largely overcome the issue of regiocontrol by allowing the catalyst to come into proximity with the targeted C-H bonds. A wide variety of functional groups have been evaluated for use as directing groups in the transformation of C-H bonds. In 2005, Daugulis reported the arylation of unactivated C(sp(3))-H bonds by using 8-aminoquinoline and picolinamide as bidentate directing groups, with Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst. Encouraged by these promising results, a number of transformations of C-H bonds have since been developed by using systems based on bidentate directing groups. In this Review, recent advances in this area are discussed.C-H键有机化合物中无处不在。
这样看来，通过使用已活化C-H键的直接功能性底物可以消除与合成功能性原料有关的反应的多步数以及限制条件。
区域选择性是一个重要的问题，因为有机分子含有多种多样的C-H键。
而一种定向取代基可以使催化剂进入到目标C-H键的附近，这种定向取代基的使用可以很大程度上克服区域选择性的问题。
在C-H键的转化中，作为定向基团的各种官能团已经被评估。
在2005年，Daugulis报道通过利用8-氨基喹啉和吡啶酰胺作为双齿配位定向官能团，Pd(OAc)2作为催化剂，使未活化的C（sp3杂化）-H键发生芳基化反应。
受这些好的实验结果的鼓舞，通过使用基于双齿定向基团的系统，许多C-H 键的转换已经被开发出来。
在这篇评论中，对这方面的最新进展进行了讨论。
G Rouquet,N Chatani.Catalytic functionalization of C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds by using bidentate directing groups[J]. Angewandte Chemie ,2013,52(45):11726-11743.The development of new microporous materials for adsorption separation processes is a rapidly growing field because of potential applications such as carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) and purification of clean-burning natural gas. In particular, new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and other porous coordination polymers are being generated at a rapid and growing pace. Herein, we address the question of how this large number of materials can be quickly evaluated for their practical application in carbon dioxide separation processes. Five adsorbent evaluation criteria from the chemical engineering literature are described and used to assess over 40 MOFs for their potential in CO(2) separation processes for natural gas purification, landfill gas separation, and capture of CO(2) from power-plant flue gas. Comparisons with other materials such as zeolites are made, and the relationships between MOF properties and CO(2) separation potential are investigated from the large data set. In addition, strategies for tailoring and designing MOFs to enhance CO(2) adsorption are briefly reviewed.吸附分离过程中新型微孔材料的发展是一个快速发展的领域，因为它在碳捕获与封存（CCS）和清洁燃烧天然气的进化方面有着潜在的应用。
尤其是在新型金属有机框架（MOFs）和其它多孔配位聚合物领域以快速增长的趋势发展。
于是，我们致力于解决在二氧化碳分离过程中，如何迅速评价这么多材料的实际应用。
对于天然气净化、垃圾填埋气分离和电厂烟气中二氧化碳的捕捉这种情形而言，化学工程文献中的五种吸附评价标准被用于评估在二氧化碳分离过程中可能超过40 MOFs的情况。
与其他材料进行对比，如分子筛、MOF特性与二氧化碳分离势的关系，都通过大数据而被分析。
此外，也对通过设计MOF的策略来提高二氧化碳的吸附进行了简要的回顾。
B Youn-Sang,Q Snurr.Development and evaluation of porous materials for carbon dioxide separation and capture[J].Angewandte Chemie,2011, 50(12):11586-11596.Using bottom-up chemistry techniques, the composition, size, and shape in particular can now be controlled uniformly for each and every nanocrystal (NC). Research into shape-controlled NCs have shown that the catalytic properties of a material are sensitive not only to the size but also to the shape of the NCs as a consequence of well-defined facets. These findings are of great importance for modern heterogeneous catalysis research. First, a rational synthesis of catalysts might be achieved, since desired activity and selectivity would be acquired by simply tuning the shape, that is, the exposed crystal facets,of a NC catalyst. Second, shape-controlled NCs are relatively simple systems, in contrast to traditional complex solids, suggesting that they may serve as novel model catalysts to bridge the gap between model surfaces and real catalysts.采用自下而上的化学技术，可以使每一个纳米晶体（NC）在组成、大小、尤其是形状上得到统一的控制。