哈尔滨市2021版高三上学期语文10月月考试卷(II)卷
黑龙江省哈尔滨市2024-2025学年高三10月月考试题 数学含答案
哈2024—2025学年度上学期高三学年十月月考数学试卷（答案在最后）考试说明：本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，满分150分.考试时间为120分钟.1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚.2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔书写，字体工整，字迹清楚.3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效.4.保持卡面清洁，不得折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、刮纸刀.第I卷（选择题，共58分）一、单选题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.设集合，，则（）A. B.C. D.2.已知是关于的方程的一个根，则（）A.20B.22C.30D.323.已知，，，则的最小值为（）A.2B.C.D.44.数列中，若，，，则数列的前项和（）A. B. C. D.5.在中，为中点，，，若，则（）A. B. C. D.6.在三棱柱中，点在棱上，且，点为中点，点在棱上，若平面，则（）A.2B.3C.4D.57.已知偶函数定义域为，且，当时，，则函数在区间上所有零点的和为（）A. B. C. D.8.已知平面向量，，，满足，且，，则的最小值为（）A. B.0 C.1 D.2二、多选题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分.在每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求，全部选对的得6分，部分选对的得部分分，有选错的得0分.9.对于函数，下列说法正确的是（）A.函数最大值为B.是函数图象的一个对称中心C.是函数图象的一个对称轴D.将函数的图象向右平移个单位，即可得到函数的图象10.在正方形中，，为中点，将沿直线翻折至位置，使得二面角为直二面角，若为线段的中点，则下列结论中正确的是（）A.若点在线段上，则的最小值为B.三棱锥的体积为C.异面直线、所成的角为D.三棱锥外接球的表面积为11.已知函数，则下列结论中正确的是（）A.函数有两个零点B.恒成立C.若方程有两个不等实根，则的范围是D.直线与函数图象有两个交点第II卷（非选择题，共92分）三、填空题：本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分.将答案填在答题卡相应的位置上.12.等差数列中，是其前项和.若，，则______.13.在中，，的平分线与交于点，且，，则的面积为______.14.已知三棱锥中，平面，，，，，、分别为该三棱锥内切球和外接球上的动点，则线段的长度的最小值为______.四、解答题：本题共5小题，共77分.解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.在三棱柱中，，，，，为中点.（1）求证：平面；（2）求直线与平面所成角的正弦值.16.已知函数.（1）讨论函数的单调性；（2）设函数，若在恒成立，求实数的取值范围.17.已知在锐角中，，，分别为内角，，的对边，.（1）求；（2）若，为中点，，求；（3）若，求内切圆半径的取值范围.18.某汽车销售公司为了提升公司的业绩，将最近一段时间内每日的汽车销售情况进行了统计，如图所示.（1）求的值，并求该公司这段时间内每日汽车销售量的第60百分位数；（2）以频率估计概率，若在这段时间内随机选择4天，设每日汽车销售量在内的天数为，在恰有1天的汽车销售量不超过150辆的条件下，求的分布列及数学期望；（3）为增加销售量，公司规定顾客每购买一辆汽车可以进行一次抽奖活动，规则如下：在三棱锥中，、均是边长为2的正三角形，，现从写有数字1~8的八个标签中随机选择两个分别贴在、两个顶点，记顶点、上的数字分别为和，若为侧棱上一个动点，满足，当“二面角大于”即为中奖，求中奖的概率.19.如图，在四棱锥中，底面为正方形，，是中点，平面，.（1）求四棱锥体积最大值；（2）设，为线段上的动点.①求平面与平面的夹角余弦值的取值范围；②四棱锥外接球记为球，当为线段中点时，求平面截球所得的截面面积.数学试卷考试说明：本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，满分150分.考试时间为120分钟.1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚.2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔书写，字体工整，字迹清楚.3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效.4.保持卡面清洁，不得折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、刮纸刀.第I卷（选择题，共58分）一、单选题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.设集合，，则（）A. B.C. D.【答案】B【解析】【分析】分别求出集合，，再根据交集的定义求.【详解】对集合：因为，所以，即；对集合：因为恒成立，所以.所以.故选：B2.已知是关于的方程的一个根，则（）A.20B.22C.30D.32【答案】D【解析】【分析】根据虚根成对原理可知方程的另一个虚根为，再由韦达定理计算可得.【详解】因为是关于的方程的一个根，所以方程的另一个虚根为，所以，解得，所以.故选：D.3.已知，，，则的最小值为（）A.2B.C.D.4【答案】D【解析】【分析】由已知可得，利用，结合基本不等式可求最小值.【详解】因为，所以，所以，所以，所以，当且仅当，即时等号成立，所以的最小值为.故选：D.4.数列中，若，，，则数列的前项和（）A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】【分析】结合递推关系利用分组求和法求.【详解】因为，，所以，，，，，又，，，所以.故选：C.5.在中，为中点，，，若，则（）A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】【分析】选择为平面向量的一组基底，表示出，再根据表示的唯一性，可求的值.【详解】选择为平面向量的一组基底.因为为中点，所以；又.由.故选：C6.在三棱柱中，点在棱上，且，点为中点，点在棱上，若平面，则（）A.2B.3C.4D.5【答案】B【解析】【分析】根据已知条件及线面平行的判定定理，利用面面平行的判定定理和性质定理，结合平行四边形的性质即可得结论.【详解】依题意，作出图形如图所示设为的中点，因为为的中点，所以，又平面，平面，所以平面，连接，又因为平面，，平面，所以平面平面，又平面平面，平面，所以，又，所以四边形是平行四边形，所以，所以，又，所以，所以，所以.故选：B.7.已知偶函数定义域为，且，当时，，则函数在区间上所有零点的和为（）A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】【分析】函数在区间上的零点的集合等于函数和函数在区间内的交点横坐标的集合，分析函数的图象特征，作出两函数的图象，观察图象可得结论.【详解】因为函数，的零点的集合与方程在区间上的解集相等，又方程可化为，所以函数，的零点的集合与函数和函数在区间内的交点横坐标的集合相等，因为函数为定义域为的偶函数，所以，函数的图象关于轴对称，因为，取可得，，所以函数为偶函数，所以函数的图象关于对称，又当时，，作出函数，的区间上的图象如下：观察图象可得函数，的图象在区间上有个交点，将这个交点的横坐标按从小到大依次记为，则，，，，所以函数在区间上所有零点的和为.故选：A.8.已知平面向量，，，满足，且，，则的最小值为（）A. B.0 C.1 D.2【答案】B【解析】【分析】可设，，，由得到满足的关系，再求的最小值.【详解】可设，，，则.可设：，则.故选：B【点睛】方法点睛：由题意可知：，都是单位向量，且夹角确定，所以可先固定，，这样就只有发生变化，求最值就简单了一些.二、多选题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分.在每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求，全部选对的得6分，部分选对的得部分分，有选错的得0分.9.对于函数，下列说法正确的是（）A.函数的最大值为B.是函数图象的一个对称中心C.是函数图象的一个对称轴D.将函数的图象向右平移个单位，即可得到函数的图象【答案】ACD【解析】【分析】先利用两角和与差的三角函数公式和二倍角公式，把函数化成的形式，再对函数的性质进行分析，判断各选项是否正确.【详解】因为.所以，故A正确；函数对称中心的纵坐标必为，故B错误；由，得函数的对称轴方程为：，.令，得是函数的一条对称轴.故C正确；将函数的图象向右平移个单位，得，即将函数的图象向右平移个单位，可得到函数的图象.故D正确.故选：ACD10.在正方形中，，为中点，将沿直线翻折至位置，使得二面角为直二面角，若为线段的中点，则下列结论中正确的是（）A.若点在线段上，则的最小值为B.三棱锥的体积为C.异面直线、所成角为D.三棱锥外接球的表面积为【答案】AC【解析】【分析】对于A，的最小值为可判断A；对于B，过作于，求得，可求三棱锥的体积判断B；对于C；取的中点，则，取的中点，连接，求得，由余弦定理可求异面直线、所成的角判断C；对于D，取的中点，过点在平面内作的垂线交于，求得外接球的半径，进而可求表面积判断D.【详解】对于A，将沿直线翻折至，可得的最小值为，故A正确；对于B，过作于，因为二面角为直二面角，所以平面平面，又平面平面，所以平面，由题意可得，由勾股定理可得，由，即，解得，因为为线段的中点，所以到平面的距离为，又，所以，故B错误；对于C，取的中点，则，且，，所以，因为，所以是异面直线、所成的角，取的中点，连接，可得，所以，在中，可得，由余弦定理可得，所以，在中，由余弦定理可得，所以，所以异面直线、所成的角为，故C正确；对于D，取的中点，过点在平面内作的垂线交于，易得是的垂直平分线，所以是的外心，又平面平面，又平面平面，所以平面，又因为直角三角形的外心，所以是三棱锥的外球的球心，又，所以，所以三棱锥外接球的表面积为，故D错误.故选：AC.11.已知函数，则下列结论中正确的是（）A.函数有两个零点B.恒成立C.若方程有两个不等实根，则的范围是D.直线与函数图象有两个交点【答案】BCD【解析】【分析】分和两种情况探讨的符号，判断A的真假；转化为研究函数的最小值问题，判断B的真假；把方程有两个不等实根，为有两个根的问题，构造函数，分析函数的图象和性质，可得的取值范围，判断C的真假；直线与函数图象有两个交点转化为有两解，分析函数的零点个数，可判断D的真假.【详解】对A：当时，；当时，；时，，所以函数只有1个零点.A错误；对B：欲证，须证在上恒成立.设，则，由；由.所以在上单调递减，在上单调递增.所以的最小值为，因为，所以.故B正确；对C：.设，则，.由；由.所以在上单调递增，在单调递减.所以的最大值为：，又当时，.如图所示：所以有两个解时，.故C正确；对D：问题转化为方程：有两解，即有两解.设，，所以.由；由.所以在上单调递增，在上单调递减.所以的最大值为.因为，，所以所以.且当且时，；时，.所以函数的图象如下：所以有两解成立，所以D 正确.故选：BCD【点睛】方法点睛：导数问题中，求参数的取值范围问题，通常有如下方法：（1）分离参数，转化为不含参数的函数的值域问题求解.（2）转化为含参数的函数的极值问题求解.第II 卷（非选择题，共92分）三、填空题：本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分.将答案填在答题卡相应的位置上.12.等差数列中，是其前项和.若，，则______.【答案】【解析】【分析】设数列的公差为，将条件关系转化为的方程，解方程求，由此可求结论.【详解】设等差数列的公差为，因为，，所以，，所以，，所以，故答案为：.13.在中，，的平分线与交于点，且，，则的面积为______.【答案】【解析】【分析】根据三角形面积公式，余弦定理列方程求，再由三角形面积公式求结论.【详解】因为，为的平分线，所以，又，所以，由余弦定理可得，又，所以所以，所以的面积.故答案为：.14.已知三棱锥中，平面，，，，，、分别为该三棱锥的内切球和外接球上的动点，则线段的长度的最小值为______.【答案】【解析】【分析】根据已知可得的中点外接球的球心，求得外接球的半径与内切球的半径，进而求得两球心之间的距离，可求得线段的长度的最小值.【详解】因为平面，所以是直角三角形，所以，，在中，由余弦定理得，所以，所以，所以是直角三角形，所以，因为平面，平面，所以，又，平面，结合已知可得平面，所以是直角三角形，从而可得的中点外接球的球心，故外接球的半径为，设内切球的球心为，半径为，由，根据已知可得，所以，所以，解得，内切球在平面的投影为内切球的截面大圆，且此圆与的两边相切（记与的切点为），球心在平面的投影为在的角平分线上，所以，由上易知，所以，过作于，，从而，所以，所以两球心之间的距离，因为、分别为该三棱锥的内切球和外接球上的动点，所以线段的长度的最小值为.故答案为：.【点睛】关键点点睛：首先确定内外切球球心位置，进而求两球半径和球心距离，再利用空间想象判断两球心与位置关系求最小值.四、解答题：本题共5小题，共77分.解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.在三棱柱中，，，，，为中点.（1）求证：平面；（2）求直线与平面所成角的正弦值.【答案】（1）证明见解析（2）【解析】【分析】（1）由题意可得，利用勾股定理的逆定理可得，可证结论；（2）以为坐标原点，所在直线为，过作的平行线为轴建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系，利用向量法可求得直线与平面所成角的正弦值.【小问1详解】连接，因为，为中点，所以，因为，所以，所以，又，所以，所以，又，平面，所以平面；【小问2详解】以为坐标原点，所在直线为，过作平行线为轴建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系，因为，所以，则，则，设平面的一个法向量为，则，令，则，所以平面的一个法向量为，又，所以，设直线与平面所成的角为，则，所以直线与平面所成角的正弦值为.16.已知函数.（1）讨论函数的单调性；（2）设函数，若在恒成立，求实数的取值范围.【答案】（1）答案见解析（2）的取值范围为.【解析】【分析】（1）求函数的定义域及导函数，分别在，，，条件下研究导数的取值情况，判断函数的单调性；（2）由条件可得，设，利用导数求其最小值，由此可得结论.【小问1详解】函数的定义域为，导函数，当时，，函数在上单调递增，当且时，即时，，函数在上单调递增，当时，，当且仅当时，函数在上单调递增，当时，方程有两个不等实数根，设其根为，，则，，由，知，，，所以当时，，函数在上单调递增，当时，，函数在上单调递减，当时，，函数在上单调递增，所以当时，函数在上单调递增，当时，函数在上单调递增，函数在上单调递减，函数在上单调递增，【小问2详解】因为，，所以，不等式可化为，因为在恒成立，所以设，则，当时，，函数在上单调递增，当时，，函数在上单调递减，所以当时，函数取最小值，最小值为，故，所以的取值范围为.17.已知在锐角中，，，分别为内角，，的对边，.（1）求；（2）若，为中点，，求；（3）若，求内切圆半径的取值范围.【答案】（1）（2）（3）【解析】【分析】（1）利用正弦定理进行边化角，再结合三角形内角和定理及两角和与差的三角函数公式，可求，进而得到角.（2）利用向量表示，借助向量的数量积求边.（3）利用与正弦定理表示出，借助三角函数求的取值范围.【小问1详解】因为，根据正弦定理，得，所以，因为，所以，所以.【小问2详解】因为为中点，所以，所以，所以，解得或（舍去），故.【小问3详解】由正弦定理：，所以，，因为，所以，所以，，设内切圆半径为，则.因为为锐角三角形，所以，，所以，所以，即，即内切圆半径的取值范围是：.18.某汽车销售公司为了提升公司的业绩，将最近一段时间内每日的汽车销售情况进行了统计，如图所示.（1）求的值，并求该公司这段时间内每日汽车销售量的第60百分位数；（2）以频率估计概率，若在这段时间内随机选择4天，设每日汽车销售量在内的天数为，在恰有1天的汽车销售量不超过150辆的条件下，求的分布列及数学期望；（3）为增加销售量，公司规定顾客每购买一辆汽车可以进行一次抽奖活动，规则如下：在三棱锥中，、均是边长为2的正三角形，，现从写有数字1~8的八个标签中随机选择两个分别贴在、两个顶点，记顶点、上的数字分别为和，若为侧棱上一个动点，满足，当“二面角大于”即为中奖，求中奖的概率.【答案】（1），175（2）分布列见解析，（3）【解析】【分析】（1）根据频率之和为1可求的值，再根据百分位数的概念求第60百分位数.（2）根据条件概率计算，求的分布列和期望.（3）根据二面角大于，求出可对应的情况，再求中奖的概率.【小问1详解】由.因为：，，所以每日汽车销售量的第60百分位数在，且为.【小问2详解】因为抽取的1天汽车销售量不超过150辆的概率为，抽取的1天汽车销售量在内的概率为.所以：在恰有1天的汽车销售量不超过150辆的条件下，抽取的1天汽车销售量在内的概率为.由题意，的值可以为：0，1，2，3.且，，，.所以的分布列为：0123所以.【小问3详解】如图：取中点，链接，，，，.因为，都是边长为2的等边三角形，所以，，，平面，所以平面.平面，所以.所以为二面角DE平面角.在中，，所以.若，在中，由正弦定理：.此时：，.所以，要想中奖，须有.由是从写有数字1~8的八个标签中随机选择的两个，所以基本事件有个，满足的基本事件有：，，，，，，，，共9个，所以中奖的概率为：.【点睛】关键点点睛：在第（2）问中，首先要根据条件概率的概念求出事件“在恰有1天的汽车销售量不超过150辆的条件下，抽取的1天汽车销售量在内的概率”.19.如图，在四棱锥中，底面为正方形，，是中点，平面，.（1）求四棱锥体积的最大值；（2）设，为线段上的动点.①求平面与平面的夹角余弦值的取值范围；②四棱锥的外接球记为球，当为线段中点时，求平面截球所得的截面面积.【答案】（1）（2）①；②【解析】【分析】（1）设，用表示四棱锥体积，分析函数的单调性，可求四棱锥体积的最大值.（2）①建立空间直角坐标系，设点坐标，用空间向量求二面角的余弦，结合二次函数的值域，可得二面角余弦的取值范围.②先确定球心，求出球心到截面的距离，利用勾股定理可求截面圆的半径，进而得截面圆的面积.【小问1详解】设则，所以四棱锥体积，.所以：.由；由.所以在上单调递增，在上单调递减.所以四棱锥体积的最大值为.【小问2详解】①以为原点，建立如图空间直角坐标系.则，，，所以，，.设平面的法向量为，则.令，则.取平面的法向量.因为平面与平面所成的二面角为锐角，设为.所以.因为，，所以.②易得，则，此时平面的法向量，所以点到平面的距离为：，设四棱锥的外接球半径为，则,所以平面截球所得的截面圆半径.所以平面截球所得的截面面积为：.【点睛】关键点点睛：平面截球的截面面积问题，要搞清球心的位置，球的半径，球心到截面的距离，再利用勾股定理，求出截面圆的半径.。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市虹桥初级中学校2024-2025学年九年级10月月考语文试卷(含答案)
2024虹桥九年级上学期语文十月考试卷1009一、积累与运用（25分）阅读下面文字，回答1-2题。
打开九年级的课本，我们看北国红妆素裹、分外妖娆；与娉婷、鲜妍的人间四月天撞个满怀；走进毕淑敏精神的三间小屋，我们知道不要轻觑对精神的濡养，个人的灵魂可在广袤的空间里得到超脱与安宁；跟随曹文轩，看因家庭拮据而被迫放鸭少年杜小康，在孤独中磨砺成熟……所以，让我们读书吧。
读书是一种精神的漫游，是一种心灵的跋涉。
读书让我们有教养，让我们在生活中既不自惭形秽，又不自吹自雷。
读书需要心无旁鹜，不被俗世喧嚣所扰。
1．（3分）上面语段中加点的字注音完全正确的一项是（）A．娉婷（pīn） B．濡养（rǔ） C．轻觑（qù） D．拮据（jù）2．（3分）上面语段中画横线词语没有错别字的一项是（）A．红妆素裹 B．自惭形秽 C．自吹自雷 D．心无旁鹜3．（3分）对下列病句的修改不正确的一项是（）A．华为手机不但扬名海外，而且得到了中国广大手机用户的高度赞扬。
（将“扬名海外”和“得到了中国广大手机用户的高度赞扬”调换位置）B．青少年近视的原因主要是户外运动时间过少，不科学使用电子产品造成的。
（删掉“的原因”或“造成的”）C．随着2025年冬亚会申办成功，使哈尔滨冰雪产业将迎来黄金发展期。
（去掉“使”）D．电影《学爸》塑造了一位中年父亲为了孩子的教育问题而重返校园求学的故事。
（将“塑造”改为“刻画”）4．（3分）下列相关信息对应不正确的一项是（）A．《水浒传》——武松——大闹野猪林B．欧阳修——唐宋八大家——六一居士C．艾青——现当代作家——《大堰河——我的保姆》D．苏轼——北宋文学家——《水调歌头·明月几时有》5．（3分）下列对《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》赏析有误的一项是（）酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠刘禹锡巴山楚水凄凉地，二十三年弃置身。
怀旧空吟闻笛赋，到乡翻似烂柯人。
沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市德强高级中学2024-2025学年度高三上学期10月数学学科(I)试卷 答案
15．【详解】（1）因为，当时，，当时，，所以．显然当时，依然成立，∴数列的通项公式为．（2）由（1）知，则，，所以，所以．16．【详解】（1），则；（2）令，得，所以函数的单调增区间为；（3）由，得，所以，所以函数的值域为．17．【详解】（1，2n S n n =+1n =11112a S ==+=2n ≥()2111n S n n -=-+-()221(1)12n n n a S S n n n n n -⎡⎤=-=+--+-=⎣⎦1n =1212a =⨯={}n a 2n a n =122n n n n b a n -==⋅212222n n T n =⨯+⨯++⋅ 231212222n n T n +=⨯+⨯++⋅ ()1221112222222212212n n n n n n T n n n ++++--=++++-⋅=-⋅=---L ()1122n n T n +=-+()π23cos 26sin 26f x x x x ⎛⎫=+=+ ⎪⎝⎭2ππ2T ==πππ2π22π262k x k -+≤+≤+ππππ,Z 36k x k k -+≤≤+∈()y f x =πππ,π,Z 36k k k ⎡⎤-++∈⎢⎥⎣⎦π,02x ⎛⎫∈- ⎪⎝⎭π2ππ2,636x ⎛⎫+∈- ⎪⎝⎭π1sin 21,62x ⎛⎫⎡⎫+∈- ⎪⎪⎢⎝⎭⎣⎭()y f x =[)6,3-22sin 12B B -=()1cos 1B B --=，故，可得，因为，，所以，可得.（2）若选①：由平分得：，即，即，在中，由余弦定理得，即，两式联立可得，所以的周长为；若选②：为线段的中点，故，，因为，，故，整理可得，在中，由余弦定理得，所以，两式联立可得，所以，从而的周长为.18．【详解】（1）由已知当，，，，又，，，所以数列为等差数列，公差为，，cos 2B B +=π2sin 26B ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭πsin 16B ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭()0,πB ∈ππ7π,666B ⎛⎫+∈ ⎪⎝⎭ππ62B +=π3B =BD ABC ∠ABC ABD BCD S S S =+△△△1π1π1πsin 3sin 3sin 232626ac a c =⨯+⨯)ac a c =+ABC V 222π2cos 3b ac ac =+-2212a c ac +-=a c +=ABC V a b c ++=+=D AC ()12BD BA BC =+ ()()222211244BD BA BC BA BA BC BC =+=+⋅+ π3B =3BD =221πs 2943co c c a a ⎛⎫+⋅+= ⎪⎝⎭2236a c ac ++=ABC V 222π2cos 3b ac ac =+-2212a c ac +-=12ac =a c +=ABC V a b c ++=+=2n ≥N n *∈n a =0n a ≠0≠1n n n a S S -=-1n n S S -=-=1=11==n =所以当，时，，又，所以，，设等比数列的公比为，因为，，所以，，所以，所以（2）由（1），所以，所以数列的前项和，所以.（3）由（1）知，当时，，则当时，，即对任意的，都有，所以19．【详解】（1）（i ）由，令，则，所以F (x )在(0,+∞)上单调递增，2n ≥N n *∈121n a n n n =+=+-=-11211a ==⨯-21n a n =-N n *∈{}n b q 110a b +=2233443a b a b a b ==++-111b a =-=-323357q q q -=-+=1q =-()1n n b =-()()()()1111212142121n nn n c n n n n --⎛⎫==+ ⎪-⋅+-+⎝⎭()()111142121n n n c n n +⎛⎫--=- ⎪ ⎪-+⎝⎭{}n c n ()()11111111111114343545742121n n n T n n +⎛⎫--⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=--+++--+⋅⋅⋅+- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-+⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭()11484n nT n -=-++222111(21)441n a n n n ==--+2n ≥22111114441n a n n n n ⎛⎫<=- ⎪--⎝⎭22212111111111111151111412231444n a a a n n n ⎛⎫⎛⎫+++<+-+-++-=+-<+= ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭⎝⎭ 1n =211514a =<*n ∈N 22221121111514n a a a a =≤+++< 222121111n a a a ⎡⎤+++=⎢⎣⎦ ()e e sh 2x xx --=()()()e e sh ,02x xF x x x x x --=-=->()e e 102x xF x -'+=->所以，所以当时，成立；（ii ）令，则，令，则，因此φ(x )在(0,+∞)上单调递增；所以，故，即，所以在(0,+∞)上单调递增，即，所以当时，成立；（2）由时，成立，令，且， 则，即 ，由题意，令且，可得，因为，所以，由①当时，，()()()()sh 0=sh 000F x x x F =->-=0x >()sh x x >()()21cos 1,02H x x x x =-+>()sin H x x x -'=+()sin x x x ϕ=-()1cos 0x x ϕ'=-≥()()sin 00x x x ϕϕ=-≥=sin x x >()sin 0H x x x '=-+>()H x ()()21cos 1002H x x x H =-+>=0x >21cos 12x x >-0x >21cos 12x x >-1,1x n n =≥*N n ∈211cos 12n n>-222112211cos 111124412121n n n n n n ⎛⎫>-=->-=-- ⎪--+⎝⎭()()()sh 22sh ch x x x =⋅1,1x n n =≥*N n ∈211sh 2sh ch n n n ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=⋅ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭()e e ch 12x xx -+=>2111sh 2sh ch 2sh n n n n ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=⋅> ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭0x >()sh x x >所以令且，可得，所以，由前面解答过程得，对任意成立，令且，可得 ，所以，又且，所以，所以 所以可得 ，即可得.1,1x n n =≥*N n ∈11sh n n⎛⎫> ⎪⎝⎭21112sh 2sh ch 2sh n n n n n⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=⋅>> ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭0,sin x x x >>1,1x n n =≥*N n ∈11sin n n>21112111sh 2sh ch 2sh 2sin 2cos tan n n n n n n n n ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=⋅>>>=⋅ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭1n ≥*N n ∈101n<≤2sh 1112cos 2112121tan n n n n n ⎛⎫ ⎪⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎝⎭>>-- ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥-+⎛⎫⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦ ⎪⎝⎭()()22sh sh sh 2sh 11111132111111tan13352121tan tan tan 23n n n n⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎝⎭⎝⎭++++>--+-++-- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥-+⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦ 242222121n n n n n =-+=-++()()()*22sh sh sh 2sh 1432N 111tan121tan tan tan 23n n n n n n ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭++++>-∈+。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市德强高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题
黑龙江省哈尔滨市德强高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题一、阅读理解Dear Jack,I remember the moment — it truly hit me that your autism(自闭症) lasted forever. I had already mentally planned our trips up north with the boys. I was going to spend endless hours playing baseball with you — like Grandpa did with me.When we said goodbye to kindergarten I knew it was real. I spent some time being sad. Now you are 8. You still have no words. We have never had one of those father-son moments I pictured when you were a baby. But I’m learning that’s OK. I still have unbelievable things to offer as your dad, even if they weren’t the things I originally expected.You have taught me to be patient. You have taught me that it’s OK to be different and to be sad when life doesn’t go as planned. You have taught me that it is OK to talk about those feelings and fight for what is right. Stand up and say this is wrong, and encourage others to stand up for you and say the same.My job on this earth is to create a world for you and other kids like you. Be the voice you don’t have, and build the kind of community which I want to see you grow up in. I used to shy a way from contacting people with disabilities or just not consider them. Before you were born, I was so caught up in my own world that I probably wouldn’t have even noticed. Now, I see things differently. I notice. You did that for me. And hope my example will do that for others.Your mom and I have spent 8 years trying to find your voice. And honestly, we don’t know if we ever will. I promise you I will spend my life keeping you safe and making this world better for you.1．What can be learned about the author?A．He is at a loss what to do to help Jack.B．He is to blame for Jack’s present condition.C．He has changed his attitude to the disabled.D．He hasn’t accepted the reality up to now. 2．How does the author sound in the text?A．Ashamed.B．Caring.C．Regretful.D．Indifferent.3．In which section of a magazine may this text appear?A．Science.B．Entertainment.C．Sports.D．Relationship.One summer during high school, my mom volunteered me to help Grandpa sort our family tree. I thought, I had to spend hours pawing through dusty, rotting boxes and listening to boring stories about people I didn't know. “You'll be surprised,” my mom promised. “The family history can be very interesting.”In truth, Grandpa didn't want to limit my work to just sorting, hoping to also preserve our family memories. He discovered a computer program that helps digitally scan old pictures and letters to preserve their contents before they crumble for old age. Grandpa wanted me to help him connect the scanner to the computer and set up the computer program. He could type documents and send emails, but had never used a scanner.Soon after, I became fascinated with my relatives' lives. I asked Grandpa to tell the story behind every picture and letter we scanned. The stories, which turned out not to be boring at all, helped me not only understand but also relate to my relatives. I became so hungry for more information that Grandpa needed additional props to keep me satisfied. He showed me a chest filled with random stuff, all covered in dust.Perusing their belongings. I felt I was opening a window into the world of my relatives, a world long since gone away. Grandpa showed me a bundle of letters he had sent to Grandma from the front line of World WarⅡand I could almost smell the gunpowder. I turned the pages of my greatgrandmother's recipe book and could picture her cooking in her kitchen. All of the people who had been merely names to me now had faces to match.Later, Grandpa admitted,“I probably could have done this project myself. I just wanted someone to share it with.” I can't thank him enough for sharing the experience and making me appreciate the family members who have made me the person I am. I will cherish family memories and hope that someday I will be able to pass them down to my own grandchildren. 4．What's the author's first impression of sorting the family tree?A．Delightful.B．Tiresome.C．Surprising.D．Interesting.5．What does the underlined word “crumble” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A．Come to life.B．Tear apart.C．Fall into pieces.D．Break through. 6．Why did Grandpa give the author a chest?A．To show him a bundle of letters.B．To keep him from boredom.C．To give him something to sort out.D．To fulfill his desire to know more. 7．What can we learn about Grandpa from the passage?A．He used to serve in the army.B．He knew nothing about computer.C．He buried the letters under gunpowder.D．He loved sharing what he had with others.A wild African bird that will lead people to trees with honeycomb (蜂巢) seems to somehow learn the distinct whistles and calls of the human foragers (觅食者) who live near them.This bird species has far more information about what the bees are doing than humans ever could. In Tanzania, Hadza foragers can use a special whistle to attract this bird, which will then fly down and start leading them to honey. With its noisy chattering sound, the bird is very conspicuous. Once the bird arrives at a tree with honey inside, it will rest near the beehive silently, seemingly not to disturb the bees. “That’s the signal to the Hadza to really start searching,” says Brian Wood, an anthropologist at University of California, Los Angeles. Pretty soon, the foragers will locate the hive and cut open the tree trunk.It is found that the birds are more likely to show up when the familiar signal used by the locals is being broadcast. According to the research, the birds appear 82% of the time when Hadza whistles are being played. But they appear only 24% of the time when the researchers play the whistles traditionally used in a different country.This makes it clear that the birds have learned what their human neighbors do when they want to partner up and go honey-hunting. “This is a very strong result which supports the idea that there’s a learning process involved,” says Wood.But how do the birds learn? It’s still unclear. What is clear is that this human-animal communication seems to benefit both parties, and it may go back many thousands of years. When the honeycomb is out, the birds get some of the beeswax, which they love to eat. And the human foragers get the honey—which is an enormously important food for the Hadza. Wood has calculated that the Hadza get about 10% of the calories in their annual diet with the help of thebirds.8．What does the underlined word “conspicuous” in Para.2mean?A．Eye-catching.B．Care-free.C．Naughty.D．Attractive. 9．What can we know about the birds?A．They are raised by humans.B．They help cut open the tree trunk.C．They feed on honey as their annual diet.D．They can distinguish different whistles. 10．Which of the following can best describe the honey gathering?A．A complex dilemma.B．An unfair trade.C．A double-edged sword.D．A win-win cooperation.11．Which can be a suitable title for the text?A．The familiar signal in the forest.B．A talented expert in hunting the bees.C．A wonderful guide to collecting honey.D．The human-animal communication in Tanzania.Frank Sinatra famously sang that if you can make it in New York, you can make it anywhere. And that’s just what some scientists focus on about a particular species of ant.This ant, also called the ManhattAnt, first turned up in New York in 2011. But it’s already developed and grown. What’s more, ManhattAnts have started to spread outward, expanding their territory at a rate of about a mile a year.“ We predict that they could expand as far north as Maine and as far south as Atlanta, Georgia,” says American scientist Clint . Penick.He and his team are now trying to study it and figure out whether it’s likely to threaten native insect species or damage plants. Eventually, they definitively identified it as a species that’s native to Europe. That effort involved consulting with a European ant expert who could hardly believe that this ant was living it up in New York.“ He was like,’ They’ re not really powerful in any European area,’” says Penick. Now, ManhattAnts live on the sidewalk, but ants normally like to live in places like soil. and leaf litter —— including this species, which in its native Europe can be found making its home in forests. yGenerally, these ants avoid human food. Their main food is honeydew, a kind of sugary substance. The ants go up into street trees to look for honeydew, and it seems that they’ve found ajob that’s not really being pursued by other ants in this city. They’ll care for the plant pests (害虫) that produce honeydew, increasing the numbers of pests and consequently making life harder for the plants.It’s entirely possible that, in the long term, ManhattAnts could have a disadvantageous effect on city trees. The fact that ManhattAnts haven’t been obvious trouble- makers so far isn’t necessarily reassuring. We should remember what Benioit Guénard, an insect biodiversity researcher, has noted,“ We know that invasions (入侵) that appeared minor for decades can suddenly become serious and then cause major problems.”12．What does the author indicate about ManhattAnts by mentioning Frank Sinatra?A．The reasons for their existence.B．Their living environment.C．The process of their wide spread.D．Their survival and growth.13．How did the European ant expert in the text look at ManhattAnts?A．Their value was high in science.B．Their invasion took him by surprise.C．They should be kept in the forests.D．They were a symbol of insect diversity. 14．Why do ManhattAnts protect the plant pests?A．To save more young plants.B．To ensure their food supply.C．To replace their human food.D．To make honeydew more tasty. 15．What’s the author’s attitude towards ManhattAnts?A．Favorable.B．Unclear.C．Uneasy.D．Dismissive.It’s common to see a barista create coffee art (咖啡拉花). 16 Han Zheming, a 40-year-old Shanghai resident, has managed to perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups, or dian cha in Chinese, which is a famous ritual (仪式) during the Song Dynasty. “It is similar to the foam on top of a cup of coffee, except that it is made of tea rather than milk.”17 After hundreds of years of evolution, it thrived throughout the Song Dynasty, when tea had become a necessity for almost everyone, just like other items as rice, oil and salt. In the eyes of people of that time, good tea should be white and fine. 18Han has been fascinated by the culture and art of the Song Dynasty, and has engaged in its artistic practices since childhood. His mother loves traditional culture and he has been leaningtoward it under her influence. Han is curious about the patterns created on the tea foam and he often goes to museums to observe Song paintings. “Usually, it takes a year of practice for one to fully grasp tea-whisking.” 19 Now, he can deliver a piece of tea-whisking art in “one take”.“It’s like adding bells and whistles to tea and giving people a stronger sense of occasion, so drinking tea is more fun,” Han says. 20 “As well as the poems, calligraphy and paintings that were-created back then, I want more people to understand the items used to drink tea, and the culture behind the ways people prepared tea.”A．It is through trial and error that Han gets going.B．However, it’s a whole different ballgame doing same thing with tea.C．However, the pattern on coffee foam will last for up to only an hour.D．Chinese tea culture started to enjoy popularity during the Tang Dynasty.E．The better the tea, the whiter it should be, and the longer the foam should last.F．Applying the theory to practice proves to be quite different from his imagination.G．It’s also his intention to bring the old ritual and culture back for more people to appreciate.二、完形填空Twenty-five years ago on July 1,1997, I woke up very late in my apartment in Singapore. l jumped out of bed in 21 . I woke up my 8-year-old daughter Avy. ”We’re late for school,“ I half-yelled at her. We finally 22 it to the nearby bus stop in time. 23 , the school was only two stops away. We got in, 24 our eyes as the sunlight streamed into the bus.Her mom had flown to Hong Kong several days earlier on assignment for a newspaper to 25 the handover(交接) of the city’s return to China.l had 26 from work for a week to help look after our daughter. I would 27 my daughter from school around midday. At the end of the day, I would watch the news on TV, which had led the entire week with the 28 events happening in Hong Kong. I would wonder 29 my wife was in the crowd that was gathered to 30 the handover.The year, 1997, was 31 because the Asian financial crisis began. For that week though, that was the least of my 32 . I just made sure we did not have a 33 of July 1,when we were nearly late for school. My wife was very busy during the handover, chasing down stories in Hong Kong as the British flag was 34 for the last time.I later spent a few years working in Hong Kong, but my enduring memory of the days surrounding its return to China was the time I spent as a 35 , although it is kind of hard to call an 8-year-old a baby.21．A．panic B．confusion C．sorrow D．excitement 22．A．searched B．worked C．made D．won 23．A．Hopefully B．Thankfully C．Definitely D．Eventually 24．A．patting B．hitting C．washing D．rubbing 25．A．charge B．interrupt C．cover D．change 26．A．looked up B．set out C．broken away D．taken off 27．A．dress up B．bring up C．pick up D．cheer up 28．A．historic B．economic C．academic D．comic 29．A．how B．when C．why D．where 30．A．decline B．witness C．criticize D．approve 31．A．tense B．comfortable C．shameful D．unavoidable 32．A．embarrassment B．delight C．surprise D．worries 33．A．discovery B．repeat C．fortune D．experiment 34．A．ruined B．protected C．lowered D．held 35．A．babysitter B．worker C．adult D．mother三、语法填空36．Lawyers help others and (respect) by others.(所给词的适当形式填空) 37．(watch) by millions, the ending to the race has divided opinions. （所给词的适当形式填空）38．Thank to advances technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly. （用适当的词填空）39．We can move around the world and still stay touch with the people that we want to remain friends with. (用适当的词填空)40．What we see on social media is often not the whole (true) about a person. （所给词的适当形式填空）41．A team of scientists (lead) by Professor Eli at the University of Washington has now found the answer. （所给词的适当形式填空）42．The population of the monarch has crashed as much as 90 percent in the last few years. (用适当的词填空)43．Please make sure that there are enough plants for monarch to feed .（用适当的词填空）44．the wind and the rain, I still enjoy working outside in the wild. (用适当的词填空) 45．These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, whom Guangxi is home. （用适当的词填空）46．the region has plenty of rain, the soil here is not fertile. (用适当的词填空) 47．The elegant fragrance and good taste fascinate (count) tea drinkers. （所给词的适当形式填空）48．These gardens have helped make the cities greener and (improve) air quality. (所给词的适当形式填空)49．The power of AI lies exactly in is often considered as its weakness. （用适当的词填空）50．It creates some positive memories in our mind that will hopefully get us a tough time. (用适当的词填空)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学校2024-2025学年高一上学期10月月考语文试卷(含解析)
2024-2025学年黑龙江省哈尔滨三中高一（上）月考语文试卷（10月份）一、现代文阅读（27分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共1小题，15分）1．（15分）阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。
材料一：自古以来，中华文明在继承创新中不断发展，在应时处变中不断升华，有力推动了人类文明发展进程。
中华文明在对外传播中向世界贡献了深刻的思想体系、丰富的科技文化艺术成果、独特的制度创造，为人类文明进步作出了突出贡献。
每一种文明都扎根于自己的生存土壤，凝聚着一个国家、一个民族的非凡智慧和精神追求，都有自己存在的价值。
中华文明有着一贯的处世之道，有着永恒的精神气质，有着内在的生存理念。
独特的文化传统、独特的历史命运、独特的基本国情，也决定着增强中华文明传播力影响力的重要原则就是坚守中华文化立场。
不同的文化立场深刻影响着实践主体看待文化问题的角度和方式。
在坚守中华文化立场中增强中华文明传播力影响力，就要坚守中国特色社会主义文化发展方向，要更加注重展示中国之路、中国之治、中国之理背后的思想力量和精神力量，让世界全方位、多角度了解博大精深的中华文化。
文明因交流而多彩，文明因互鉴而丰富。
习近平总书记指出：“文明交流互鉴，是推动人类文明进步和世界和平发展的重要动力。
”深化文明交流互鉴，融合世界各民族文化精粹，广泛开展同各国的文化交流、学习借鉴世界一切优秀文明成果。
从历史上的佛教东传，再到改革开放以来全方位对外开放，中华文明始终在兼收并蓄中历久弥新。
历史和实践充分表明，是在同其他文明不断交流互鉴中形成的开放体系。
在深化文明交流互鉴中，要坚定走相互尊重、和衷共济、和合共生的人类文明发展道路，让中国故事更为生动、中国形象更加鲜活、中华文化更加深入人心。
我们增强中华文明传播力影响力，一方面，要加强国际传播的理论研究，既在传播渠道方面掌握现有媒体和交流平台的传播特点，又在传播内容方面着力打造融通中外的新概念、新范畴、新表述，要全面提升国际传播效能，充分运用各类传播方式，构建具有鲜明中国特色的战略传播体系，着力提高国际传播影响力、中华文化感召力、中国形象亲和力、中国话语说服力、国际舆论引导力。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学校2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学校2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题一、阅读理解These beautiful reading spots rank among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best libraries and are the inhabitants of your favorite fictional world.Women’s Library, GlasgowRows of books on women’s issues throughout history line the shelves of the only official museum in the UK dedicated to women’s lives, histories and achievements. A number of events across the year transform this library into a living social hub by providing creative writing classes, performance groups and craft sessions. Its key aim is to support women, with services teaching literacy, calculations, and handling a range of issues which include poverty, and surviving violence.Sir Duncan Rice Library, AberdeenThe outside of the modern facility is a huge glass structure made of 760 glass panels and 2.200 tons of steel. Sir Duncan Rice is also conscious of its carbon footprint, designed to collect rainwater which is reused to flush its toilets, harvesting power through solar cells on the roof and using timers to control the use of its fluorescent lighting.Wellcome Reading Room, LondonSpend an afternoon studying in the Reading Room of London’s Wellcome Museum and you may just find yourself immersed in literature. With drawing classes and static artistic displays accompanying rows of educational books, it’s an enjoyable spot to visit and revisit. The impressive stairway and desks are allowing you the perfect spot to pause and reflect, whatever your library mission.John Ryland, ManchesterCreated over 100 years ago, it has grown to become the third largest academic library in the UK, home to over a million manuscripts. Modern extensions to the building added since the 2000s create a breath-taking collision of historic and modern architecture. Regular events planned with the whole family in mind make this library one to visit time and time again.1．What do we know about Women’s Library?A．It is a good place for women to escape violence.B．It serves as the only official museum in Glasgow.C．It promotes women’s education and social contact.D．It boasts various events and a long history.2．Where can you attend classes and view exhibitions?A．In Women’s Library.B．In Sir Duncan Rice Library.C．In Wellcome Reading Room.D．In John Ryland Library.3．What do John Ryland Library and Sir Duncan Rice Library have in common?A．Eco-friendly technologies.B．Events intended for family.C．Extensive collection.D．Special architectural design.The idea of climbing Mt.Qomolangma disgusted me. The mountain came to represent the opposite of everything that I loved and respected about climbing. What had once been the final mountain climbing goal became the focus of a commercial guiding industry. Over the years, the crowds at Base Camp grew, leaving behind tons of trash. Whenever I was asked whether I’d climb Mt. Qomolangma, my answer was always the same: not interested.That was probably where my personal Mt. Qomolangma story would have ended, were it not for an old friend Thom Pollard and his obsession (迷恋) with one of the greatest mysteries. In 1999, he began to explore and found the remains of George Mallory, the celebrated British climber who disappeared while he was attempting to be the first to climb Mt. Qomolangma. But Mallory’s partner, Sandy Irvine, and the camera he had likely carried, were not found. The mountain climbing world has been wondering whether they might have reached the top in 1924.Pollard’s story moved me. I began to pack for the climb and expected that our advanced equipment would make it manageable, perhaps easy. I was wrong. On the highest point on the planet, I was more tired than I’d ever been in any climbing. Along the way, I continuously tipped my hat, not just to Mallory and Irvine but to anyone who has the drive to push himself or herself up this route. My search was in vain, but I began to reconsider Mt. Qomolangma.I witnessed many climbers, who were much more than just self-centered tourists. We shared route information, weather forecasts, and family photos—all united around a common goal.I went to Mt. Qomolangma to seek Irvine. But in the end, I found something more difficult to get: the spirit that Irvine and Mallory shared. It was hiding in plain sight, right where it has always been: inside the brave souls who risk so much to follow in storied adventurers’ footsteps up Mt. Qomolangma.4．Why did the author once hate climbing Mt. Qomolangma?A．Because the mountain was overcrowded.B．Because his original climbing goal changed.C．Because climbing it became a profit-driven industry.D．Because he had to brave the elements on the mountain.5．What motivated the author to climb Mt. Qomolangma later?A．The influence of Thom Pollard.B．The results of the previous climbing.C．The development of advanced equipment.D．The spirit of George Mallory and Sandy Irvine.6．What does the underlined phrase “tipped my hat” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Relieved my tiredness.B．Showed my respect.C．Expressed my gratitude.D．Proved my determination.7．What message does the passage mainly convey?A．The search for missing adventurers holds great value.B．Modern climbing lacks respect for the natural environment.C．Spirits of the climbers of Mt. Qomolangma are worth respect.D．Experienced climbers are qualified to conquer Mt. Qomolangma.A strange sound called “biotwang” was first heard bouncing around the Mariana Trench 10 years ago, and scientists have finally figured out where it comes from.Recorded by microphones deep in the ocean, the unexplained sound — a low, loud moan (哼声) followed by a mechanical echo, like a frog burping (打嗝) in space — thundered through a computer speaker about a decade ago. Confused researchers called it the “biotwang”.“You’ve got this low-frequency portion, like a moan,” says Lauren Harrell, a data scientist at Google Research’s AI for Social Good, adding her own impression of a hearty sigh. “Then youhave the higher-frequency component that sounds, to me, like an outer planet spacecraft — the ‘bip boo, bip boo’ sound.”Confirming which marine animal makes a strange noise isn’t easy, though: it requires a person on a boat to see and identify the source at exactly the same time the sound is heard. “It takes a lot of time, a lot of effort and a fair amount of luck,” Allen says.An international team headed by Allen, marine biologist from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, and Harrell conducted a collaborative research in 2020. While surveying whales off the Mariana Islands, Allen and other researchers saw a mysterious species called the Bryde’s whale 10 times. These whales are spread out far across the huge open ocean, so it’s hard for scientists to observe or study them. On nine of the occasions that Bryde’s whales turned up, the researchers also heard the biotwang. “Once, it’s a coincidence,” Allen says. “Twice is happenstance. Nine times, it’s definitely a Bryde’s whale.”After identifying the source, they reviewed years of audio data from underwater hydrophones to find out where this specific whale sound had previously been heard. “Once scientists know where and when these whales travel,” Harrell says, “AI models could connect that data to climate and environmental factors and thus support protection efforts.”The technology isn’t perfect, though. “These algorithms (算法) can only search for a frequency they know,” says Harrell. “The Bryde’s whale vocalizations change over time and between populations. But because the tools are open-source, other scientists can use them to discover more about whale language. We seem to be so disconnected from, or simply have no access to this amazing underwater world of sound,” he says. “I think it’s about time that we change that.”8．Why is it difficult to identify the source of biotwang?A．Because years of audio data need to be analyzed.B．Because enough time and a right moment are a must.C．Because researchers lack a knowledge of marine animals.D．Because biotwang alternates with low and high frequency9．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A．Who solved the biotwang mystery.B．When the Bryde’s whale usually appeared.C．How the source of biotwang was determined.D．Why the Bryde’s whale was difficult to observe.10．What is Harrell’s attitude toward their team’s discovery?A．Ambiguous.B．Objective.C．Unconcerned.D．Disapproving. 11．What can be the suitable title for the passage?A．Mystery of Biotwang Finally SolvedB．AI Algorithms Applied in Biotwang ResearchC．Singer of the Deep Ocean — Bryde’s WhaleD．Protection of the Deep Ocean — A Long Way to Go“It won’t forgive your mistakes,” wrote Valentin Lebedev, an astronaut, in his diary. “Even eating becomes more complicated. You must be careful and rely on sealed containers and specialized utensils to open packages. Spills can be dangerous as food particles or liquids might float into equipment or get into your eyes or nose.” Enough to say the anxiety of an altogether different order in zero gravity.What’s worse, in space, no one can hear you scream about travel delays. When will I get back? Such is the dilemma of Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams, two astronauts who have been stranded (被滞留的) on the International Space Station (ISS) since docking there on June 6, 2024. NASA does not like that word. As one official insisted, “I want to make it very clear that Butch and Suni are not stranded in space.”Mr Wilmore and Ms Williams arrived at the ISS aboard the first crewed flight of Boeing’s Starliner. What was meant to be an eight-day stay is approaching the three-month mark after their capsule leaked helium (氦) and five of its 28 engines malfunctioned. That has delayed their return, possibly until February 1, 2025. Precisely what happens now depends on whether NASA thinks Starliner is safe — tests are ongoing — or whether they are better off getting a ride home on a flight operated by Boeing’s competitor, SpaceX. A decision should come soon.The next SpaceX Dragon capsule is due to dock at the ISS in September and return to Earth next year. If it is to make room for Mr Wilmore and Ms Williams, it will go up with two crew members instead of its usual four. That would require Starliner to leave the ISS uncrewed. Boeing says this is not currently possible owing to software issues.As it is, the engineering fault is a shame for Boeing and NASA．If crewed Starliner flights are unworkable, that will put paid to NASA’s ambition for competition in the task of ferrying astronauts to the space station and back to Earth. Now SpaceX looks like the only American game in town capable of getting to and from the ISS.Having a mission prolonged unexpectedly, which sometimes happens, means missing out on changes big and small. Sergei Krikalev spent five extra months on the Mir space station when earthlings got distracted by the breaking up of the Soviet Union. He came back to a whole new world in 1992.12．Which of the following best describes Valentin’s feeling in the diary?A．Amused but fragile.B．Uncomfortable and tense.C．Disturbed but magical.D．Restless and tolerant.13．When did Starliner plan to return at first?A．June 6, 2024.B．June 14, 2024.C．September 6, 2024.D．February 1, 2025.14．What do we know about NASA according to the text?A．It should have made massive investment for Starliner.B．It prefers cooperation with Space X instead of Boeing.C．It is giving a test to fix gas leak and an engineering fault.D．It denied the delayed flight in protection of its reputation.15．What does the last paragraph imply?A．A stranded flight caused Soviet Union to break up.B．What’s in store for Butch and Suni remains to be seen.C．Astronauts will see a whole new world when they return.D．Soviet Union’s spacecraft technology was no better than NASA’s.Always the Outsider?One of the things I used to fear was being the new girl in the office — in the kitchen making coffee while the in-crowd chatted about the weekend. I worried that I wasn’t good enough or smart enough. 16 I’d struggle for words while trying to look cool. Back at school, I was best friends with Kate and Cathy until we had to walk across the road in twos, and guess whowas left out? I’ve always been the outsider from school days to office life. Or is that the story I have told myself?As in so many areas of life, the only thing you can control is your response. I remind myself of what Eleanor Roosevelt said: No one can make you feel lower without your agreement. 17 These are the lessons I have learned along the way ：·Starting anywhere new, you just have to find your people, the ones that get you. 18 It’s OK to take your time and figure out if you’re the right fit for each other. Have faith that you will find the right people for you.·Very often it’s our belief systems that tell us we don’t fit in. We are replaying the stories from childhood and need to rewrite the script (剧本). 19 For example, when are you assuming that you’ll be on your own? What fears are you projecting onto yourself?·Practice self-acceptance. Remind yourself that it’s OK to have a different way of operating in the world.· 20 Never forget that while you might be trying to fit in, you should never try to be anybody but yourself.A．Don’t over-think people or situation.B．Don’t charge into friendships, though.C．Start noticing your patterns of mentality.D．If I was asked a question, panic would set in.E．The only person making you feel like an outsider is you.F．The feeling of being an outsider would force me to shut up.G．We all feel a little lost and awkward sometimes — you’re not alone.二、完形填空I’ve been barefoot in London every day since March last year. Living in a city, I 21 the element of the unexpected. It was as though I’d discovered an extra sense. Travelling on the tube barefoot was 22 at first because there are so many different surfaces. It’s as if I’ve reached a new dimension most people 23 never experience.I took early retirement with a good pension in 2009. These days, I do a lot of 24work. I volunteered to 25 pharmacy (药房) prescriptions to those living in a block of 50 flats in Peckham Rye, who needed medical supplies badly during the pandemic. The block had just undergone restoration and was looking brand new. All the walkways had been 26 , which felt absolutely amazing on my bare feet.Many people offered me 27 during the cold spell, because they thought it was weird behavior. However, I always stayed 28 and told them it was a lifestyle choice. It certainly started interesting 29 with me and at least people were curious.Being outside, being barefoot, 30 people — I’m sure it’s all connected. I’ve been diagnosed with depression. Thanks to this experience, I 31 that being involved with the community and being in nature really assisted with my 32 .Being barefoot makes me feel more 33 and helps with my well-being. Almost no one else seems to have an idea how 34 it feels and it’s the most interesting when done in a city. I’ll never 35 wearing shoes again.21．A．hate B．question C．fear D．love 22．A．novel B．successful C．embarrassing D．essential 23．A．originally B．gradually C．normally D．secretly 24．A．rescue B．community C．investigation D．gardening 25．A．award B．read C．teach D．deliver 26．A．resurfaced B．removed C．blocked D．marked 27．A．shelter B．food C．shoes D．clothes 28．A．alarmed B．calm C．anxious D．concerned 29．A．arguments B．conversations C．hobbies D．games 30．A．greeting B．watching C．helping D．attracting 31．A．discovered B．suspected C．imagined D．predicted 32．A．identity B．growth C．recovery D．study 33．A．exhausted B．learned C．stuck D．grounded 34．A．hard B．uneasy C．incredible D．efficient 35．A．look back to B．go back to C．get down to D．give in to三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学校2023-2024学年高二上学期10月月考语文试题(含答案)
哈尔滨市第九中学校2023-2024学年高二上学期10月月考语文学科试卷（考试时间：150分钟试卷分值：150分）一、现代文阅读（37分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。
①“气氛”是什么？我们的很多感受都源于空间中的气氛，气氛需要我们通过感官系统去感知，而我们的心情（内在因素）也会对感受气氛的结果有所影响。
我们其实并不需要一个准确的词汇去定义气氛，它更像一个信号，被捕捉、被感知。
有时艺术家并没有用语言对作品进行一些解释，但人们依旧能通过他的作品感知他所想表达的内容，而这更像是一种默契，属于人与人之间或人与自然之间的默契。
②位于德国门兴格拉德巴赫的艺术作品“Hausur”就是解释“气氛”一词很好的例子。
“Hausur”是一栋由葛雷格·施奈德在1985年精心改造的房屋。
对于观者而言，建筑内的房间已经不再是正常意义上的房间了，因为只有运用全部的感官才能体会每个空间，体会独属于作品的唯一的气氛。
每件艺术品、每场艺术展都有着唯一性，不同的场地、不同的氛围都会让观者有不同的感受，而观者也无时无刻不在用其感官勾勒着自己眼中的世界。
艺术作品释放的信息通过感官传递到我们的大脑，大脑再综合所有信号，将这种气氛转化为我们的感受。
这是一个很有意思且值得思考的过程，但这种信息的传递不仅仅是单向的，我们也可以把我们的感受再用某种形式传回某个空间，使其转化为另一种气氛，从而再次被发现、被感受。
③气氛是属于自然的固定组成部分，艺术家通过自己的方式将这种气氛转化为感受。
这种方式即艺术方法，它常以特殊的方式引起我们注意，这种方式和艺术家的生活息息相关，它不会被拘束，但同时基于他们对自然的理解。
反过来观察，气氛对于自然也有着极其独特的意义，因为它不同于科学技术那样有着清晰的理解方式。
④综上来看，气氛可以认为是一种媒介并以媒介的形式参与到艺术中。
⑤感官是气氛的创造与体味的桥梁。
⑥例如听觉。
2021届高一上学期 第一学期10月月考(10月份月考)(word含答案版)
高一上学期第一学期10月月考第Ⅰ卷（选择题共40分）本卷共20小题，每小题2分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出符合题目答案的一项。
可能用到的相对原子质量：Na 23 H 1 O 16 C 121. (2020·福建惠安中学月考)用下图表示的一些物质或概念间的从属关系不正确的是( )2.在①化合反应②分解反应③置换反应④复分解反应四种基本反应类型中，可以生成水的是( )A．只有②③B．只有①④C．只有①②④D．①②③④3.(2020·武汉期末)磁流体是电子材料的新秀，它既具有固体的磁性，又具有液体的流动性。
磁流体的分散质粒子直径在5.5～36nm之间。
下列说法正确的是( )A．所得的分散系属于悬浊液B．该分散系能产生丁达尔效应C．所得的分散系中水是分散质D．将所得分散系过滤，在滤纸上能得到分散质4.下列离子能大量共存的是( )A．使无色酚酞溶液呈红色的溶液中：Na＋、K＋、SO2－4、CO2－3B．无色透明的溶液中：Cu2＋、K＋、SO2－4、NO－3C．含有大量Ba(NO3)2的溶液中：Mg2＋、NH＋4、SO2－4、Cl－D．使紫色石蕊溶液呈红色的溶液中：Na＋、K＋、CO2－3、NO－35.下列离子方程式正确的是( )A．二氧化碳与足量澄清石灰水反应：CO2＋2OH－===CO2－3＋H2OB．将稀硫酸滴在铜片上：Cu＋2H＋===Cu2＋＋H2↑C．碳酸氢钠溶液与稀H2SO4反应：CO2－3＋2H＋===H2O＋CO2↑D．氯化镁溶液与氢氧化钠溶液反应：Mg2＋＋2OH－===Mg(OH)2↓6.对四组无色透明溶液进行离子检验，四位同学各鉴定一组，他们的实验报告的结论如下，其中可能正确的是( )A．MnO－4、K＋、S2－、Na＋B．Mg2＋、NO－3、OH－、Cl－C．K＋、H＋、Cl－、CO2－3D．Na＋、OH－、Cl－、NO－37．按照物质的组成和性质进行分类，HNO3应属于①酸②氧化物③无氧酸④挥发性酸⑤化合物⑥混合物⑦纯净物⑧一元酸A．③④⑤⑦ B．②③④⑤ C．①④⑤⑦⑧ D．②⑤⑥⑦⑧8．下列化学反应中，不．属于氧化还原反应的是A．Cl2+H2O == HCl+HClO B．C +2H2SO4（浓）∆==CO2↑+ 2SO2↑+ 2H2OC．NH4Cl ∆== NH3↑+ HCl↑ D．2Al + Fe2O3高温==== 2Fe + Al2O39. 下列操作过程中一定有氧化还原反应发生的是10. 下列基本反应类型中，一定是氧化还原反应的是A. 复分解反应B.分解反应C.化合反应D. 置换反应11．右图为反应Fe + CuSO4 === Cu + FeSO4中电子转移的关系图，则图中的元素甲、乙分别表示A.Fe，SB.Fe，CuC.Fe，OD.Cu，S12.下列关于分散系的说法正确的是A. 稀硫酸、盐酸、空气和水等都是分散系B. 区分溶液和浊液一般用丁达尔现象C. 分散系中分散质粒子直径由大到小的顺序是：浊液、胶体、溶液D. 按稳定性由弱到强的顺序排列的是溶液、胶体、浊液（以水为分散剂时）13. 某一化学兴趣小组的同学在家中进行实验，按照图示连接好线路，发现图B中的灯泡亮了。
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哈尔滨市2021版高三上学期语文10月月考试卷（II）卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共1题；共6分)1. （6分） (2019高一下·合肥期中) 阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
《流浪地球》是春节档电影的黑马，豪取40多亿票房，完胜黄渤、周星驰等大佬的贺岁片。
梦幻的特效，贴近大家“生活”的场景，主角是中国人，拯救的是全世界赖以生存的地球家园……这样一部剧情、特效制作精良、包涵中华民族的无私无畏等文化内涵的电影，激起了中国人的观影热情，也赢得了世界各国影迷及专家的好评。
一直以来，科幻类影片是好莱坞的专利，中国难以。
国内市场也曾有不少国产科幻影片，但其质量，有些影片甚至幼稚得让人忍无可忍，直到《流浪地球》出现。
尽管这部电影有硬伤，有些细节经不起推敲，但是，此片无疑开创了中国电影的新纪元。
受影片带动，刘慈欣的作品在热销榜上高歌猛进，一批中青年作家的科幻新作也在出版界“C位出道”……（）我们有理由期待《三体》早日搬上银幕，刘慈欣这部鸿篇巨制大气磅礴，虽然现在想要拍出来以目前的能力恐怕力有未逮，但还是要抱有信心，万不可让别国买下版权捷足先登。
（1）依次填入文中横线上的成语，全都恰当的一项是（）A . 可歌可泣齐头并进参差不齐白璧微瑕B . 可歌可泣望其项背良莠不齐白璧微瑕C . 可圈可点齐头并进良莠不齐瑕不掩瑜D . 可圈可点望其项背参差不齐瑕不掩瑜（2）文中画横线的句子有语病，下列修改最恰当的一项是（）A . 虽然想要拍出来以目前的能力恐怕力有未逮，但我们还是要抱有信心B . 虽然现在想要拍出来恐怕力有未逮，但我们还是要抱有信心C . 虽然现在想要拍出来以目前的能力恐怕难以实现，但还是要抱有信心D . 虽然现在想要拍出来目前恐怕力有未逮，但还是要抱有信心（3）下列在文中括号内补写的语句，最恰当的一项是（）A . 这个春天，注定是科幻文学的好时光。
B . 这个春天，注定是科幻的好时光。
C . 科幻文学，在这个春天迎来了好时光。
D . 科幻，在这个春天迎来了好时光。
二、现代文阅读 (共3题；共27分)2. （6分）(2020·德阳模拟) 阅读下面的文字，回答问题。
诗人的孤独感空间和时间的扩大使原本定位在稳定的农业田园文化的汉文学，忽然被放置到与游牧民族关系较为密切的流浪文化当中。
我们从李白身上看到很大的流浪感，不止是李白，唐代诗人最大的特征几乎都是流浪。
在流浪的过程中，生命的状态与家、农业家族的牵连性被切断了，孤独感有一部分就来源于不再跟亲属直接联系在一起的状态。
在“安史之乱”之前，李白与王维都有很大的孤独感，都在面对绝对的自我。
在整个汉语文学史上，面对自我的机会非常少，因为我们从小到大的环境，要面对父亲、母亲、哥哥、姐姐、太太、孩子，其实是生活在一个充满人的情感联系的状态里。
我们不要忘记人情越丰富，自我就越少。
我们读唐诗时，能感受到那种快乐，是因为这一次自我真正跑了出来。
李白是彻头彻尾地面对自我。
在他的诗里面读不到孩子、太太，甚至连朋友都很少，他描述他跟宇宙的对话：“五岳寻仙不辞远，一生好入名山游。
”就是为了要成为仙人，在五个最有名的山里跑来跑去。
李白的诗里面一直讲他在找“仙”，“仙”是什么？其实非常抽象，我觉得这个“仙”，是他一个完美的自我。
只有走到山里去，他才比较接近那个完美的自我。
到最后他也没有找到，依旧茫然，可是他不要再回到人间。
因为回到人间，他觉得离他想要寻找的完美自我更遥远。
他宁可是孤独的，因为在孤独里他还有自负；如果他回来，他没有了孤独，他的自负也就会消失。
李白一直在天上和人间之间游离。
他是从人间出走的一个角色，先是感受到巨大的孤独感；然后去寻找一个属于“仙人”的完美性，可是他并没有说他找到了，大部分时候他有一种茫然。
初唐时期，就是在为李白这种诗人的出现做着准备。
其中很重要的一点，就是边塞诗的发展。
“边塞诗”非常重要。
中国文人很少有机会到塞外去，很少有机会把生命放到旷野上去冒险，去试探自己生命的极限。
宋朝以后，文人写诗都是在书房里。
我觉得唐诗当中有一个精神是出走和流浪，是以个人去面对自己的孤独感。
当时的诗人到塞外是非常特殊的经验，因为有很多危险，可是在危险当中，诗人们同时也激发出自己生命的巨大潜能。
今天也是一样。
一个在温室般的环境中长大，一直受到很好保护的孩子，跟一个不断被带到高山上去行走的孩子，写出来的诗绝对不一样。
初唐诗的内在本质，很大一部分是诗人与边塞之间的精神关系。
唐朝开国的李家的有鲜卑血统，他们通过婚姻促使汉族跟游牧民族不断融合，产生了与农业社会不同的生命情调。
农业社会是将种子放到土里，等着它发芽。
只要是农业的个性，一定是稳定的个性，稳定同时可能是保守，也可能是封闭，会使人有很多东西无法割除。
在农村，人们的道德观念一般是很保守的，因为必须稳定，所以对新事物的接受非常难。
只有开始冒险，才能打破农业的固定性与封闭性。
唐代很有趣的一点是开国的皇族有意识地去接纳外族，尤其是游牧民族，皇族的母系当中就有少数民族血统。
大家回顾一下唐代美术史里面的女性造型，肉体本身那么饱满，可以暴露出来，放到其他朝代都令人侧目。
在汉族的文化伦理占主导地位的时候，大概从来没有那样大胆的服装。
武则天、杨贵妃，她们身体的饱满性根本就是“胡风”。
(选自《蒋勋说唐诗》)（1）下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，不正确的一项是（）A . 因为很多时候我们一生都处在充满人的情感联系的状态里，在整个汉语文学史上，面对自我的机会其实非常少。
B . 找“仙”的李白一直在天上和人间游离，当他追求完美自我未果后，如果再回到人间，距离目标更加遥远，还将失去孤独和自负。
C . 唐朝诗人到塞外去是非常特殊的体验，需要面对自己的孤独，虽然有很多危险，但同时也能在危险中激发出自己生命的巨大潜能。
D . 唐代开国皇族有意识地接纳外族，尤其是游牧民族，汉族文化伦理已不占主导地位，因此唐代美术史中女性造型带有明显“胡风”。
（2）下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是（）A . 整篇文章围绕唐朝诗人的孤独感，从孤独感的表现及孤独感产生的原因展开分析。
B . 全文采用举例论证、对比论证、比喻论证、类比论证、引用论证等方法，说理透彻。
C . 对李白的分析，意在说明“安史之乱”前的诗人有孤独感，选例典型，具有说服力。
D . 论述中既融入对历史的解析，又联系生活，使文章有厚重感的同时又不会有艰涩感。
（3）根据原文内容，下列说法正确的一项是（）A . 大部分唐代诗人在流浪过程中，不再跟亲属产生直接联系，于是就产生了孤独感。
B . 在唐朝初期，随着边塞诗的发展，面对绝对的自我、拥有孤独感的诗人就出现了。
C . 诗人与边塞之间的精神关系很大一部分是初唐诗的内在气质，说明边塞诗很重要。
D . 在稳定、保守、封闭的农业社会被打破后，唐代文学逐渐体现出流浪文化的特点。
3. （9分） (2020高二下·汕头月考) 阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题材料一应急管理是在应对突发事件的过程中，为了降低突发事件的危害，达到优化决策的目的，基于对突发事件的原因、过程及结果进行分析，有效集成社会各方面的相关资源，对突发事件进行有效预警、控制和处理的过程。
应急管理流程(摘编自黄宏纯《突发件全面应急管理》)材料二：现代城市的集聚特征使突发件具有复杂性关联性和衍生性,城市应急管理不仅是对单一事件的应急响应，更是一个具备完整体系的应急机制。
智慧城市是运用物联网、云计算大数据空间、地理信息集成等信息技术,提升城市规划、建设、管理和服务和模式。
应急管理是智慧城市的重要应用之一,智慧城市背景下的应急管理基于数据融合，面向业务应用，以决策和行动的智慧化、智能化为特征的集成化管理。
其情报体系适应管理主体多元化、管理业务综合化、信息资源多样化的要求,以支持智慧决策与智能响应。
(摘编自郭骅等《“智慧城市”背景下的城市应急管理情报体系研究》)材料三：每2分钟对400平方公里城市道路做一次全身扫描；实时感知智能烟感探头可能传回的报警；实时监控重点危化企业车间生产情况……这是作为未来城市基础设施的杭州城市大脑，关于这座城市实时进行的“日常思考”。
以杭州城市大脑余杭平台为例, 余杭平台承载了交通、卫健、城管、消防等9大模块。
记者在这里看到,一条火警信息弹出,显示辖区内某道路上发生车辆起火事件。
通过城市大脑的智能分析,火情的发生位置立刻被锁定。
同时,主屏幕自动跳转到三维建模的城市地图,并在一侧出现了附近4路治安监控传回的实时画面。
这一过程中,指挥中心迅速和辖区消防大队建立了实时联系。
余杭消防救援大队副大队长中屠石磊说, “比如，以前赶往火灾现场，只能得到粗略的现场情况描述，现在通过指挥中心、单兵端的智能联动，可以快速了解火场情况，提前制定救援方案。
”(摘编自吴帅帅《数据为智能治理赋能“城市大脑”迸发智慧光芒》)材料四：A市气象局于2017年12月31日发布预报,2018年1月2-7日将迎来入冬以来范围最广、强度最大、持续时间最长的雨雪天气过程，并通过微信、报纸、电视等形式向市民发布该信息。
市委市政府多次下发紧急通知，要求有关部门高度重视暴雪灾害防御和应对工作。
1月3-4日A市普降大雪后，城管、市政、交通等部门累计出动融雪车辆2870辆次，平地机28台次，滑雪铲车50台次，融雪巡视、值班人员1960人次，抛洒环保融雪剂350余吨，对市内主要交通干道进行交通疏导、融雪除水作业。
大雪造成4-5日全市大范围交通瘫痪。
在应对雪灾的过程中，行动所依据的方案没有明确规定相应响应级别应出动的人数、设备，现场指挥基本依靠领导经验决策。
公交公司未及时为车辆配置防滑链，4日公交正常出车率不到一半，地铁5日早高峰出现故障，至中午12时8分才恢复通车。
大型除雪设备、融雪剂储备不足。
除雪初期，市政城管部门单打独斗，志愿参与除雪的市民无法与公共服务的接口对接。
（摘编自李洪斌、陈力的相关文章）（1）下列对“应急管理”相关内容的理解和分析不正确的一项是（）A . 应急管理是一个不断完善的过程，它包括预测预警、先期应对、应急处置、善后处理、完善预案等衔接紧密的流程。
B . 在突发事件的应急管理中，为有效降低危害，在事件发生之初应及时启动应急处置，使事件得到有效的控制和处理。
C . 智慧城市背景下的应急管理情报体系，不仅可为决策和响应提供技术支持，也可为后续完善预案提供所需参考信息。
D . 应急管理与智慧城市的结合,不能单纯地理解为各类信息技术的运用,它是一种城市管理和服务理念的转变更新。
（2）下列对材料相关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是（）A . 城市大脑是应急管理的重要应用之一,其优势表现在快速精确反应，对突发事件全过程动态分析,协助形成预判等。