(完整word版)高分子化学试题A期末真题

高分子化学试卷A

一.下列烯类单体适于何种机理聚合：自由基，阳离子或阴离子聚合？并简要说

明理由。(20分)

(1)CH2=CHCl (2) CH2=CHOCH3 (3) CH2=C(CH3)2

(4)CH2=CHC6H5 (5) CH2=C(CN)2

（6）CH2=C（CH3）COOCH3 （7）CH2=CHOCOCH3

(8) CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2（9）CH2=C(CH3)2（10）CH2=CHNO2

二.解释下列名词(20分)

(1) 引发效率(2) 界面缩聚(3)动力学链长

(4)临界胶束浓度(5)凝胶化现象（6）竞聚率（7）乳液聚合

（8）熔融缩聚（9）凝胶化现象（10）理想恒比共聚

三．单选题（每小题2分，共20分）

（1）能够提高聚合速率而不降低聚合度的方法是：

A．本体聚合 B.乳液聚合 C.悬浮聚合 D.溶液聚合（2）下列单体中聚合上限温度最低的是：

A. 苯乙烯

B. －甲基苯乙烯

C.乙烯

D.四氟乙烯

（3）一个聚合反应中将反应程度从97％提高到98％需要0－97％同样多的时间，它应是：

A.链式聚合反应

B.逐步聚合反应

C.开环聚合反应

D.界面聚合反应

（4）要制备窄分子量分布的聚苯乙烯，应选择：

A.阳离子聚合反应

B.阴离子聚合反应

C.配位聚合反应

D.自由基共聚合反应

（5）在适当的溶剂中，离子型聚合的活性中心可能有多种存在形式，对聚合反应速率贡献最大的是:

A.自由离子

B.疏松离子对

C.紧密离子对

D.共价键结合

（6）下列单体生成链自由基后，活性最高的是：

A．苯乙烯 B.乙酸乙烯酯 C. 丙烯腈 D. 丁二烯（7）导致引发剂的引发效率降低的两个原因是：

A. 诱导效应和共轭效应

B.诱导效应和笼蔽效应

C.极性效应和笼蔽效应

D.诱导效应和极性效应

(8) 当两种单体的Q值相差很大时,可以推断其聚合行为是:

A.难以聚合

B.理想共聚

C.交替共聚

D.恒比共聚

(9) 进行乳液聚合时,应选择的引发剂是:

A. AIBN

B.(CH3)2NC6H5 +BPO

C. H2O2

D.C6H5C(CH3)2OOH +FeSO4

(10) 在具有强溶剂化作用的溶剂中进行阴离子聚合反应时,聚合速率将

随着反离子体积的增大而:

A.增加

B.下降

C.不变

D.无规律变化

四．简要回答下列问题（每题5分，共40分）：

（1）氯乙烯聚合时，为什么少量的丁二烯会对聚合起到阻聚作用？

（2）什么是自动加速现象？阴离子聚合是否存在自动加速现象？为什么？

（3）在自由基共聚合反应中，苯乙烯的相对活性远大于醋酸乙烯。当醋酸乙烯均聚时如果加入少量苯乙烯，则醋酸乙烯难以聚合。试解释这一现象

出现的原因。

（4）比较链式聚合反应和逐步聚合反应的主要特征有何不同

（5）氯乙烯、苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合时，都存在自动加速现象，三者有何异同？

（6）何为活性聚合？为什么阴离子聚合可为活性聚合？

（7）简要说明线性缩聚反应机理的特征。

（8）自由基聚合反应的动力学常数（k p）的测定常采用膨胀计法，它依据的基本原理是什么？

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