初中科普英语竞赛
初中生科普英语竞赛辅导材料
初中生科普英语竞赛辅导材料Title: Scientific Facts and Discoveries: An Overview for Junior High StudentsIntroduction:1. The Scientific Method:The scientific method is a systematic approach used to solve problems and answer questions scientifically. It involves observing, asking questions, forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.2. The Three States of Matter:Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, liquids have a defined volume but take the shape of their container, whereas gases have neither definite shape nor volume.3. Earth's Layers:4. The Water Cycle:The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere. It involves processes like evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff, ensuring the Earth's water supply is replenished.5. Photosynthesis:Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose (sugar) and oxygen. It plays a crucial role in the continuation of life on Earth by producing oxygen and food.6.DNA:DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that carries genetic information in all living organisms. It consists of two strands forming a double helix and encodes the geneticinstructions necessary for the development and functioning ofall living organisms.7. The Solar System:Our solar system consists of the Sun, eight planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune), their moons, and other celestial objects. The Sun, a yellow dwarf star, is at the center, providing heat and light to the planets.8. Renewable Energy Sources:Renewable energy sources are natural resources that can be replenished, such as sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal heat. They are clean alternatives to fossil fuels and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.9. Climate Change:Climate change refers to long-term alterations in temperature, precipitation patterns, and other weatherconditions. It is primarily caused by human activities,including the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Understanding its causes and effects is crucial for sustainable living.10. Space Exploration:Space exploration involves the discovery and exploration of celestial objects beyond Earth, such as planets, moons, asteroids, and galaxies. It has revolutionized our understanding of the universe and continues to unveil new mysteries.Conclusion:。
上海初中科普英语竞赛
上海初中科普英语竞赛1.引言1.1 概述科普英语竞赛是一项旨在提高初中生科学素养和英语水平的活动。
通过参与科普英语竞赛，初中生能够接触到最新的科学知识，拓宽视野，培养对科学的兴趣和热爱。
此外，科普英语竞赛也倡导学生运用英语进行科学交流和表达的能力，提升他们的英语口语和写作水平。
科普英语竞赛的目的在于激发学生的创造力和想象力，并通过实践活动来培养学生的科学思维和解决问题的能力。
此外，科普英语竞赛也鼓励学生团队合作，培养他们的协作精神和领导能力。
上海初中科普英语竞赛自其创办以来已经取得了巨大的发展。
通过这项比赛，上海的中学生获得了更多展示自己才华的机会，并与其他学校的同学进行交流和学习。
这不仅提高了他们的学术水平，还促进了他们之间的友谊和合作。
总之，上海初中科普英语竞赛是一个重要且有意义的活动，它促进了学生的科学素养和英语能力的发展，并培养了学生的团队合作和创新精神。
希望通过这篇文章的介绍，能够让更多的人关注和支持这一活动，并为其未来的发展贡献自己的力量。
1.2 文章结构文章结构部分的内容可以包括以下内容：文章结构：本文将分为引言、正文和结论三个部分来介绍上海初中科普英语竞赛。
其中引言部分将概述本文内容、介绍文章结构以及明确文章的目的。
正文部分将探讨科普英语竞赛的意义和上海初中科普英语竞赛的历史与发展。
结论部分将总结对初中生的影响，并展望未来科普英语竞赛的发展。
引言部分：在引言部分，我们将对上海初中科普英语竞赛进行介绍，包括其目的和组织形式等。
首先，我们将概述本文的内容，明确文章的结构，并简要介绍每个部分的内容。
接着，我们将介绍文章的目的，即探讨上海初中科普英语竞赛的意义和其对初中生的影响。
通过对这一竞赛的深入了解，我们可以更好地了解科普英语竞赛在初中教育中的作用，促进学生的科学素养和英语能力的提升。
正文部分：在正文部分，我们将详细探讨上海初中科普英语竞赛的意义和其历史与发展。
首先，我们将介绍科普英语竞赛的意义，其中包括培养学生的科学素养，提高科学知识的应用能力，加深对科学的理解和兴趣等方面。
第九届初中生科普英语竞赛辅导材料
第九届初中生科普英语竞赛辅导材料1．An Animal that Sees with Its Earsecholocation ekəu ləu’keiʃən n. 回声定位能力, 回声定位法eyesight 'aɪsaɪt n. 视力object 'ɔbdʒikt n. 物体宾语从句Scientists now know that bats ‘see’ by using what we call ‘echolocation’.表语从句Here is how it works.It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. It is almost impossible to trick them.use their eyesight to hunt for foodcertain bats: some batsmake a soundsend out sound wavesa fraction of a sound later: in a short timenot only…but…even though: even if 即使without any troublemore importantlycatch it in mid-airtell v. 判断something good to e2．Fish with flashlights现在完成时have+过去分词Have you ever heard of a fish with flashlight现在完成进行时Have you ever been sitting at home when the electricity went off现在分词doing,具有形容词或副词的特点,可以做定语、状语、补语、表语;如：There is a man standing there.后置定语Being ill today, I won‘t come.原因状语I see him standing there. 补语He is speaking. 表语注意它和动名词做表语的区别,记住动名词是个名词性成分the 比较级+the 比较级越…就越….The darker the surroundings, the brighter the glow appears to be.定语从句These bacteria produce certain chemicals that give off a faint glow.Some of these fish have special ‘shutters’ over the pouches in which these bacteria live.Other scientists think that the fish use these ‘flashlights’ to attract smaller fish which they eat as food. There may be other reasons for this special ‘flashlight’ that we have not yet discovered.Key structures and Phrases被动语态be+过去分词Sometimes the fish do not want to be seen, so they simply close these shutters. This keeps the glow from being seen.the electricity go off ：go out / have a black outgive off lightpretty scary: very scarysearch for: look foras…as…to a depth of 到达…的深度once 一旦pitch-black adj.漆黑的, 墨黑的have the ability to = be able tokeep … from doing sth.=stop …from doing sth.at other times = on other occasionsallow sb. to do sth.a colony of thousands of bacteria 聚集着成千上万的细菌give off a faint glow= give off faint light3 Penguins- perfect parentssurvive sə‘vaiv v. 生存,生还amazing ə’meiziŋ 惊人的,惊奇的形容词最高级the most amazing animalsone of the coldest places on Earth虚拟语气If their eggs were left on the ice, they would freeze solid被动语态be left定语从句They return to the icy shore where the mother lays one very large egg.make their home in the Antarctic 在南极安家not only…but also =not only… but.. as wellsurvive the bitter cold 在严寒的环境中生存make perfect parents=be perfect parentsspend…in doing sth.at the start of winternothing but= onlya fold of feathered skinroll ontostay behindbe full offeed withcare for = take care of = look aftergo back to the seatake turns doing sth.轮流, 依次做某事one parent, the other….. 一个,另一个联系动词---stay+形容词stay gone表示状态和状态的持续,如: be是, seem似乎, look看起来, appear似乎, feel觉得, sound听起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, keep保持, remain保持, stand站立, lie躺, stay停留等;表示从一种状态转变为另一种状态,如:become变成, go变得, get变得, turn变成, grow变成, fall变成某种状态, come成为, run变成等;4 What A meat- eating plantherbivorous hə:'bivərəs a. 食草性的carnivorous kɑ:'nivərəs a. 食肉性的the pitcher plant 'pitʃə猪笼草sundew 'sʌn,du: n. 毛膏菜be composed of kəm'pəuzd 由….组成slippery 'slipəri a. 滑的rim rim n. 尤指圆形物的边缘prevent…from doing sth.防止做某事nectar 'nektən. 花蜜projection prə'dʒekʃən n. 突起,突状物suffocate 'sʌfəkeit v. 使窒息fearfully 'fiəfəli adv. 可怕地定语从句Those that eat plants; and those that eat meat.People in Asia could tell you about the pitcher plant, which is shaded with bright red color and produces ahoney-like juice that attracts insects.The fluid then suffocate the insect, which gradually is digested by the plant.divide into 把…分成believe it or not 信不信由你,不管你是否相信for example：for instance 例如tell sb. about sth.is shaded with 掩映在….之中被动语态be composed of 由….构成extremely slippery=very slipperylean over 弯下身子,俯身于…之上lose one’s footing失足at the bottom of 在….的底部drown the insect 将昆虫淹死draundigest.. as food for the plant 将它作为植物的美食消化掉secrete a sticky substance si’kri:t 分泌一种粘稠的物质prevent…from doing sth. 防止…做某事struggle to free itself 挣扎着想飞走adapt to 适应5 Light night, dark starshaze heiz n. 薄雾artificial ,ɑ:ti’fiʃəl adj. 人造的surround sə’raund vt. 包围, 环境be surrounded by 被….环绕invisible in’vizəbl adj. 看不见的, 无形的disorient dis’ɔ:riənt vt. 使失去方向感, 使迷惑efficient I’fiʃənt adj. 直接生效的, 有效率的, 能干的energy-efficient a. 节能的shielding ‘ʃi:ldiŋ n. 护罩blind n.pl. 百叶窗,窗帘internal a. 内在的,内部的形容词、副词比较级more wisely and with less wasteeven worse/ far more difficulton a clear night 在一个晴朗的晚上block the view 挡住视线see.. from afar 从远处看witness light pollution 见识光污染be made up of 由….组成make…even worse 使…. 更严重this haze of light 这团光雾make it far more difficult for sb. to do sth. it 为形式宾语depend on 依靠,依赖guide them into the water 指路回到水中end up doing sth. 以……结束Key structures and Phraseshead toward…by mistake 错误地朝着…走lit-up parking lots 灯火通明的停车场It is estimated that … 据估计prevent…from doing sth.in use 使用中encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事motion-sensor lights 感应灯energy-efficient light bulbs 节能灯泡shine skyward 向天空照可修饰比较级的词1a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等2还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语3以上词除by far外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面6 Don’t eat that sandwichcontaminate kən’tæmineit v. 弄脏,污染bacteria bæk‘tiəriə n. 细菌vomit vɔmit v.呕吐diarrhea ,daiə’riə n. 痢疾,腹泻organism ‘ɔ:ɡənizəm n. 有机体,有机组织symptom 'simptəm n. 症状Salmonella sælmə'nelən. 沙门氏菌thoroughly ‘θʌrəli ad. 彻底地,完全地attach to ə’tætʃ附在…..上in the rush to do sth.急匆匆地做某事throw it away 扔掉follow a rule 遵循规则single celled organisms 单细胞有机体cause illnesses: cause diseasescommon symptoms 常见的症状food borne bacteria食物上滋生的细菌bear- bore- born/bornemake people sickearlier this year 今年年初attach to 附在……上according to 根据,据……说carry out a series of experiments 开展一系列实验it takes sb. some time to do sth.toss it out 把它丢弃, 扔掉be careful not to do sth. 当心别做某事at the manufacturing plant 在生产厂家mænju'fæktʃəbe found in raw eggs and chicken 被动语态raw------- cooked 反义词cook thoroughly 烧熟tip n. 提示, 技巧动名词----动词原形+ing构成,具有名词,动词一些特征Being a good housekeeper is a second tip for preventing infection.动名词：动名词在形式上和现在分词相同,然而现在分词具有形容词或副词的特点；而动名词具有名词的特点,在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语或介词的宾语;e.g.Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种乐趣; 主语Seeing is believing.眼见为实;主语Another goal was ending the chaos in the country. 另一个目标是结束国家的混乱状态;表语My job is teaching.我的工作是教学;表语Her shoes wants mending. 她的鞋该修理了;宾语I have finished writing this book.我已经写完这本书了; 宾语She left without saying good-bye to us.她没有向我们告别就走了;介词宾语My brother is fond of skating. 我弟弟喜欢滑冰介词宾语Thank you for giving me some help. 谢谢你给我些帮助; 介词宾语Being a good housekeeper is a second tip for preventing infection.7. A different way to wake upassignment ə'sainmənt n. 作业halogen 'hælədʒən n. 卤素cured kjuəd a. 腌制的clang klæŋv. 发出当当声strip strip n. 条preserved pri'zə:vd a. 保鲜的spoil spɔil v. 坏掉nostril 'nɔstril n. 鼻孔beep bi:p n. 喇叭work on a degree in art and technology 攻读艺术与技术学位in electronic class 在电子班create something for the household 开发一个家居用品an alarm clock 闹铃deal withwake up to 被….叫醒instead of 替代clanging 发出当当声的rather than 而不是There is no danger of burning 不会有失火的危险use for doing sth. = use to do sth. 用来做某事turn off automatically 自动熄灭关闭a couple of= several frozen strip 几条速冻的肉the night before 前一天晚上spoil v. 坏掉,腐坏set the alarm for 把闹钟设在几点under the halogen bulbsblow the scent out 把香味吹出smell yourself awake 烤肉的香味把自己叫醒on the side 边上的被动语态be+过去分词Just a few easy steps are required to set the ‘alarm’.8. Europe tops the world charts for quality of lifetop n.盖,加以顶,高达,超越chart 图表,这里指排行榜quality of life 生活质量show…as…显示…为…tie n.投票等的同数,比赛时同分,平局；v. 不分胜负tying tie的ing形式criteria krai’tiəriən.标准key criteria 关键的主要的评选标准be lacking in “缺乏”magnify ‘mægnifai v.放大,扩大scrape skreip v.刮擦,摩擦,“触地”stakes n.木桩,“方面”knock …into…把…打入、击入dominate ‘dɔmineit v. 支配, 占优势rank ræŋk n. 排名v. 排列,归类于,列于annual ‘ænjuəl a. 每年的;全年的consultancy kən’sʌltənsi n. 顾问retain ri’tein vt. 保持, 保留disti nction dis’tinkʃən n. 声望Brazzaville ‘bræzəvil 布拉柴维尔Congo ‘kɔngəu 刚果in which to live用来修饰先行词cityZurich ‘zuərik n. 苏黎世Vancouver væn’ku:və温哥华加拿大一港市Vienna vi‘enən. 维也纳奥地利首都be used to 被用于desirability di,zairə’biləti n.愿望, 需求v. desire 渴望-able 形容词后缀-ability 能力natural and socio-cutural environment ‘səʃiəu 自然人文环境recreation rekri’eiʃən 娱乐,消遣equal with 与...相等,与.....并列senior researcher ‘si:njə高级研究员basic comforts of life 基本的生活舒适度hygiene ‘haidʒi:n n. 卫生personal safety 个人安全differentiators difə’rənʃi,eitə差距developing countries 发展中国家developed countries 发达国家instability n.不稳定性stable a. 稳定的---stability n.稳定性–- instabilityround out 充实,还有,丰满in the environmental stakes 在环境方面pollution-choked 城市污染严重的choke窒息Frankfurt ‘frænkfət 法兰克福Helsinki ‘helsiŋki 赫尔辛基Auckland ɔ:klənd 奥克兰Copenhagen ,kəupən’heigən 哥本哈根Ouagadougou wa:gə’du:gu:瓦加杜古Burkina Faso ‘bə:kinə‘fæsəu布基纳法索非洲国家Baghdad ‘bægdæd巴格达Calgary ‘kælgəri 卡尔加里Mexico City ‘meksikəu 墨西哥被动语态be+过去分词was used as/ were used to/ is magnified by现在完成时have/has+过去分词Though the world’s living standards have risen slightly since last year,… rise- rose– risen 上升用于现在完成时的词：already, yet, ever, never, before, just, lately, up to now, up till now, now, so far, for+一段时间, since+时间点, three times…..9. Skip the milk chocolate, dark is better for youskip 跳过bonbon ‘bɔnbɔn 糖果be better off doing sth. 最好做某事,做某事很明智protect against 使免受interfere with 妨碍,干扰dietary ‘daiətəri a. 饮食上的diet n.饮食flavonoid ‘fleivənɔid 类黄酮degenerative disease n.变性疾病,变异疾病di’dʒenərətivbe good for ----be better forif…, might…favor vt.支持, 赞成, 喜欢favorite a.喜爱的favor…over…喜欢胜过variety n.品种,种类 a variety of 各种各样的varied a. 各式各样的be better off switching 最好还是改变一下antioxidant ‘ænti’ɔksidənt抗氧化剂, 硬化防止剂anti- 反,抗oxid-- 氧气,氧化oxygen 氧气carbon-dioxide 二氧化碳carbon monoxide 一氧化碳raise +n. vt 及物动词,后接名词n.上升, 高地,rise vi. 不及物动词,后不接名词n. 上升, 增加protect against 使免受heart disease 心脏疾病along with 伴着interfere with 妨碍,干扰,intə’fiəabsorption n.吸收absorb v.scientific journal Nature 科学杂志自然100 grams of 100克blood analysis ə’nælisis血液分析epicatechin epi’kætitʃin 表儿茶酸associate ə’səuʃieit n. 同事,助手in contrast 相反,对比a- æmoreover= in addition 此外in the bloodstream 血流highlight the possibility 增加了可能性highlight v.使显著possible---possibilitytake into account 重视,考虑dietary habits 饮食习惯assess v. 评估assessment n.被动语态be+过去分词is/ was eaten/was seen形容词比较级 is better for be better off doing sth. much lower thangood- better –best much – more- most many- more--most10. Lots of fruit in childhood cuts adult cancer riskcuts adult cancer risk 成年少生癌症the more…. the more…越…越….have an effect on 对….有影响fill in 填写表格inventory ‘invəntəri n.清单be less likely to 可能性较小suffer from 患某种病; 受某种病痛折磨cancer ‘kænsə癌症the more….the less likely…越多…,…的可能性就越小lung, bowel and breast cancer ‘bauəl 肠brest 乳房肺癌,肠癌,乳腺癌childhood fruit consumption kən’sʌmpʃən 孩提时代水果的食用量consume v.消耗,消费have an effect on 对…有影响in adulthood 在成年以后Medical Research Council 医学研究会look into 浏览,调查in rural and urban areas ‘ruərəl 农村的‘ə:bən 城市的up to 直到,多达diagnose the case of cancer诊断患癌症病例in addition to 除了fewer= make fewer 减少be associated with 与……有关,与……有关系ə’səuʃieitbe loaded with 富含ləud装载, 装载量,负荷vitamin ‘vitəmin 维他命nutrient ‘nju:triənt 营养物,营养品genetic damage dʒi’netik 遗传学遗传损伤;遗传性损伤lead to 导致the development of cancer 癌变impact ’impækt n. 影响, 作用the impact on 在….方面的影响beta carotene ‘bi:tə‘kærəti:n β胡萝卜素evidence ‘evidəns 证据; 迹象individual ,ɪndi’vidjuəl adj. 个别的, 单独的, 个人的as protective as 和…一样有效prə’tektiv adj. 保护的, 防护的过去完成时had+过去分词had eaten/ had been diagnosed11. Internet may cause depressionappear to= seem to 似乎,好像log on lɔg 上网be contrary to 与….相反‘kɔntrəriaccount for 解释per se pə:’sei ad.本身,就其本身而论in terms of 和….相关decline di’klainn. 下降, 减少, 衰退in psychological well-being 心理健康,saikə’lɔdʒikəl adj. 心理的; 精神的well-being n. 健康,康乐,安宁according to 根据depression di‘preʃən n. 忧伤, 消沉, 沮丧loneliness ‘ləunliniz n. 孤独lonely a. – loneliness—alone 单独的less frequently频率较低‘fri:kwəntli adv. 常常,频繁地,经常地two-year study 复合形容词spend time on sth.it is not….but…. 不是,而是actually ‘æktʃuəli adv. 实际上, 确实puzzle over 对….困惑不解be contrary to 与…相反expectation ekspek’teiʃən n. 预料; 期望expect iks’pekt v.预料,预期socially ‘səuʃəli adv.从社交角度上healthy- healthier thansince= becauseavailable ə’veiləbl adj. 可用的或可得到的hypothesize hai’pɔθisaizv.假设,假定,猜测faceless 见不到面的bodiless 看不见人的bodyvirtual communication‘və:tjuəl adj. 实质上的, 事实上的, 实际上的kə,mju:ni’keiʃən n. 交流, 交际, 通讯psychologically satisfying 心理满足actual conversation 现实的沟通shallow---- shallower 更浅exposure to 暴露iks’pəuʒəexpose v. exposure n.via= through 通过be satisfied with 对…感到满意psychology n.心理学---psychological a. --- psychologically adv. --- psychologist n. 心理学家sponsor ‘spɔnsə发起人point to 指向application ,æpli’keiʃən 实际应用12. What is color blindnesstease sb. about sth. ti:z 嘲笑某人have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难tricky ‘triki a. 棘手的trick vt. 哄骗; 欺骗normal ’nɔ:məl正常的respond to 对…作出反应inherited trait in’heritid遗传特征far more likely to do sth. 更容易,更可能at least 至少lend him a hand =give him some helphad better do sth. 最好做某事13. 2009’s ec lipse i‘klipssolar eclipse就是自然奇观“日食”;Solar源于希腊语,指“of,relating to,or proceeding from the sun”和太阳有关的或从太阳发出的,其相关的表达如：solar calendar阳历,solar cooker太阳灶,solar heating system太阳能加热系统; eclipse,由于它指代“天体的部分或全部受其它天体的遮掩而变得晦暗”,我们可以将其引申为“使黯然失色”,用在英语写作或口语表达上会您增色不少; “日全食”----total solar eclipse “日偏食”------partial solar eclipse‘月食’：lunar eclipse; eclipse of the moon; moon's eclipsebe into….对….感兴趣spectacular spek’tækjulə壮观,场面浩大charter ‘tʃɑ:tə包租,承租humidity hju:’miditi 空气湿度,潮湿humid a. 潮湿的sky-gazers 观天象者,天文爱好者gaze v.凝视----gazer n.凝视者eternity I‘tə:niti永恒eternal a. 永恒的junkie n.对…入迷/上瘾的人‘dʒʌŋkia total solar eclipse 日全食book a trip= reserve a tripsell out 卖完as soon as… 一…就…on average 平均被动语态are announced 被宣布are created equal 被平等地创造dark a. ----darken v. 使…变暗make a huge difference有很大关系take place= occur= happenfrequent a. 时常发生的,常见的humidity n. 空气湿度,潮湿make for 致使relatively adv. 相对地easy-to-reach 交通便利的predicted length 预计的长度long a.---- length n.even longer even+比较级get out to sea 出海Iwo Jima 硫磺岛‘i:wəu ‘dʒi:mə14. Why do people shrinkshrink ʃriŋk v. 缩gravity ‘ɡræviti n. 重力cushion ’kuʃən n. 垫子spine spain n.脊柱press v. 挤压osteoporosis,ɔstiəupɔ:’rəusis n.骨质疏松症replace v. 代替recover v. 恢复become tiny enough become+ adj. 联系动词+形容词又如：become smaller and weaker stay strong形容词+enough enough+名词it is +adj+for sb. to do sth.a little shorter a little +形容词比较级over time 随着时间的流逝over years 年复一年at all 根本take hold 控制get compressed= be compressedend up doing sth.以……结束lose a little height 使人变矮high a. ------ height n. 高度break down 衰弱下来is said to be lost 据说被流失it’s not being replaced 现在进行时的被动语态eat a well-balanced diet 均衡地饮食rich in 富含bone-building mineral calcium 强骨矿物钙质‘kælsiəm 钙exercise regularly 有规律地运动not as tall as… 不如…高15. Benjamin Franklin and the discovery of electricityknow more about it 对他多一些了解pass through metal 穿过金属base 根部brass a-a:thundercloud ‘θʌndəklaud 雷雨云pick up electrical charges 获得电荷wet-wet/wetted- wet/wettedcautious ly ‘kɔ:ʃəsli 谨慎地reach out his finger 伸出他的手指a series of sparks 一串火花thus 因此might+现在完成时表示对过去发生的事进行猜测如：might have been killed a bolt of lightning 一道闪电figure out a way 找到一个解决办法16. Einstein’s theory of relativitytheory of relativity 相对论‘θiəri relə’tivətibe famous for 以…而闻名mass mæs 质量unchangeable 一成不变be relative to 与….相对in my point of view 就我的角度来看different points of view 不同角度from your point of view 从你的角度construct a theory构建一个理论apply …to… 应用…到…the world of physics 物理世界make advancement 取得进步it is +adj+ for sb.+ to do sth.remain the same 保持不变elevator =lift 直达电梯crash at the bottom 摔至底部it seems that 似乎depend on 取决于You won’t feel like you’re being pulled on anymore than gravity usually does.你不会感觉到向下的拉力,正如你平时也不会感受到重力一样; feel like / sound like / taste like / smell like / look likeIf…were, it would …..虚拟语气are being pulled 正在被拽着使用被动语态应注意什么被动语态的不同时态被动语态由“be+过去分词”,其中be根据情况可使用各种不同时态;这句口诀是“被动语态必有be done,时态在be上体现” ,也就是说只在“be动词上做文章,过去分词不动”初中阶段要掌握六个时态的被动语态和情态动词的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done过去进行时的被动语态：was/were being done现在完成时的被动语态：has/have been done一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are done现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are being done一般将来时的被动语态：will be done；am/is/are going to be done否定句和疑问句都在助动词be后加not,疑问句把助动词be提前情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/could/should be done否定句和疑问句都在情态动词后加not,疑问句把情态动词提前哪些动词无被动语态：不及物动词没有被动语态;因为不及物动词没有宾语,所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语,故不能用于被动语态;如：take place发生,happen发生,break out爆发,appear出现,disappear消失,last持续,spread等：17. Animals’ compassescompass ‘kʌmpəs n. 罗盘,指南针navigate ’næviɡeit v. 导航,航行– navigation n.magnetic mæɡ‘netik a. 磁性nectar ’nektə n. 花蜜hive haiv n. 蜂箱,蜂房migrate mai’ɡreit v. 迁徙migrating animals 迁徙的动物a variety of 各种各样的vary ‘vɛəri v. 呈现不同—various ‘vɛəriəs adj.各种不同的, 各种各样的----variety və’raiəti n. 品种, 种类inner compasses 体内的指南针steer =navigate stiə掌舵,驾驶the position of the Sun 太阳的位置switch to 转向the homing pigeon 信鸽homing 鸟、动物有返回原地能力的the Earth’s magnetic fields 地球的磁场indication ,ɪndi’keiʃən n.迹象mollusk ’mɔləsk n. 软体动物make use of 利用otherwise 否则complicated ‘kɔmplikeitid复杂的naturalist ‘nætʃərələst n. 博物学家bee scout skaut 侦查员in relation to 与….有关gather the food 采集食物may have changed 可能已经改变了somewhat 有点,稍微In later trips during the day, the Sun will seem to move farther and farther toward the west.出发地越迟,太阳就越偏西; far– farther—farthest far– further-- furthestchange their course correspondingly 相应地改变前进的方向course kɔ:s n. 课程,进程, 过程,航向, 航线,一道菜correspondingly ,kɔris’pɔndiŋliadv.相对地,比照地,相应地18. Colour and lifeoptimist ‘ɔptimist n. 乐观主义者---optimistic a. 乐观的-- optimism ‘ɔptimizəm n. 乐观主义; 乐观pessimist n. 悲观主义者--pessimistic a. –pessimism depressing a.令人沮丧的--depressed a.感到沮丧的—depression n.沮丧,忧伤suicide ’sjuisaid n 自杀excitement n. 兴奋,激动的事excite—excited—excitingwould rather… than…宁愿…而不是…tend to do sth.倾向做某事at least 至少what psychologist tell us 做be动词的表语have been seriously studying …一直在认认真真地研究现在完成进行时the meaning of colour preference 色彩偏爱的意义‘prefərənsas well as 也have effect on 在…的影响I’fektinfluence our moods 影响我们的情绪‘influəns v.n.影响mu:d n.心情,情绪doubt daut n. 怀疑cheerful 欢乐的,高兴的relaxed 轻松的,自在的on the other hand 在另一个方面used to be 过去常常scene si:n 现场,地点any other +名词单数any other bridge any other student any other boypaint---repaint– be repainted 被动语态suicide attempt 自杀的企图sharply adv. 急剧地Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue. would+现在完成时表示对过去发生事的猜测have been done 过去完成时的被动语态it is an established fact that….强调句It is…. that…is’tæbliʃvt.确定,证实rather than 而不是=instead ofbe painted 被漆成…本篇形容词比较级,最高级使用整理work better, harderhave fewer accidentshappy– happieractive– more activecheerful– more cheerfulmany—more19. Dangers of spacemeteor mi:tjə n.流星ultraviolet ‘ʌltrə’vaiəlit a. 紫外线的cosmic kɔzmik a.宇宙的rem=roentgen equivalent man 雷姆‘rentgən 伦琴I’kwivələnt 相等的deformed di’fɔ:md a.畸形的danger n.--- dangerous a.protective blanket 保护层essential I’senʃəl adj. 必不可少的, 绝对必要的; 非常重要的tolerable ‘tɔlərəbl adj. 可忍受的过得去的enormous quantities of radiation 大量辐射I‘nɔ:məs 巨大的,reidi’eiʃən 辐射能; 放射be screened off 被屏蔽,被幕隔开be exposed to 被暴露在iks’pəuzspacesuit spei’sju:t 太空服prevent radiation damage 伤害explore v.探险--explorer n.探险者dose dəus n. 一次剂量, 一剂, 一份radioactive minerals 放射性矿物质,reidiəu’æktiv adj. 放射性的vary ‘vɛəri vi. 呈现不同rough estimate 粗略的估算put up with 承受without being damaged 动名词做介词的宾语,被动语态sex organ 性器官被动语态be+过去分词are screened offare exposed toare measured inbe damagedwill not be discovered20. Exercise makes your heart happypump pʌmp v.抽运,打气aerobic exercise 有氧运动,eiə’rəubikworkout 体育锻炼deliver v.运输,运送jog v. 慢跑soccer n.足球row v. 划船skip v.跳跃jump rope 跳绳play hopscotch 玩跳房子游戏‘hɔpskɔtʃtake in oxygen 吸入氧气faster than normal 比平常快quick a.– quicken v.变快on regular basis 在有规律的基础上,坚持get even better at its main jobbe good at/ be better at21. Hey A mosquito bit mebump 肿块calamine lotion 炉甘石洗剂‘kæləmain ’ləuʃən n. 洗液itch 发痒at the drugstore 药店allergic reaction 过敏反应ə‘lə:dʒik ri’ækʃəninsect repellent 驱蚊剂ri‘pelənt被动语态gets bitten= is bitten 被咬bite- bit – bittenhave been bitten 现在完成时的被动语态anti-itch cream 止痒膏on the bite 在被咬处immediately= at once 立即,马上treat 治疗动词不定式to doThe best way to avoid mosquito bites is to wear an insect repellent. Ask a parent to help you apply it.since =because=aslay eggs 产卵empty out buckets 倒空桶子keep…away from… 隔离,远离22. Sweeeetresist the temptation 抵制诱惑temp’teiʃəncalorie ‘kæləri n.卡路里,热量单位high in calories 高热量artificial sweetener 人造甜味剂’swi:tnəsugar substitute n.代糖,糖的取代物,替代品‘sʌbstitju:t complicated a. 复杂的’kɔmplikeitidstimulate v.刺激‘stimjuleitdiabetes n. 糖尿病,daiə’bi:ti:zdiabetic n.糖尿病人,daiə’betikblood-sugar n.血糖synthetic a. 人工合成sin’θetiksugar-sweet treats 甜食cause weight gain= put on weightdiet sodas 低糖汽水in place of 代替thanks to 幸亏, 多亏, 由于work in such small quantities 以如此少的量起作用on weight-reduction diets 吃减肥餐的人turn to 使转向,使变成raise levels of sugar raise 及物动词,+名词rise 不及物动词,不加名词be extra careful about doing sth. 对…加倍小心be made in labs=laboratories 在实验室中制造的by contrast 相对比be concerned about 担心over the decades 几十年来are still debated 仍然在被受争议被动语态23. Thieves of featherdiverse a.丰富的,多种多样的dai’vəsthievery n. 偷窃θi:vəri thief n.小偷predict pri’dikt v. 预测,预言falcon ‘fɔ:lkən n.猎鹰target ‘tɑ:ɡit n.目标deliver di’livə v.递送,输送bully ‘b uli n.欺凌弱小者deserve di’zə:v v.值得master of crime 犯罪专家get away with itdiverse 丰富的,多样的guilty 有罪的family of birds=bird family 鸟类have in common 有共同之处matter most 最有关系,要紧,起决定性作用on the other hand 另一方面tend to 趋向the target of their attacks 他们攻击的目标valuable a. 有价值的tempt to 更乐意tempt 诱惑,吸引songbirds 鸣禽in relation to 与….相比be thought to 被认为是be stronger in size than in smarts 有强壮的身体而不是强壮的脑袋claw 爪子in other words 换句话说strong- stronger-strongest -- strengthrespect 尊敬24. Why do I shivershiver ‘ʃivəv.颤抖,哆嗦chatter ‘tʃætəv.打颤reflex ‘ri:fleks n.条件反射automatically 自动地,ɔ:tə’mætikəlinervous system 神经系统‘nə:vəs ‘sistəmspinal cord 脊髓‘spainl ‘kɔ:dlower v.降低low a. – lower v.bump n. 肿块goosebump n.鸡皮疙瘩be attached to 附着现在完成进行时You’ve been floating along in the cool water of the lake for a while,……even though 即使dive- dove-dove 美跳水,潜水dive-dived-dived 英What’s going on 发生什么了be controlled by 被…所控制nervous systemstretch out all over your body 遍布你全身的lower the body temperature减低体温lower= make low v.stay=keep at 37 degrees Celsiuswarm up 暖和起来tighten and loosen fast adj+en==v. 变得….be covered with hair 由汗毛所覆盖be attached to 附着get tight 收紧pull …out of 从…拉出look like 看起来像towel off 拿下毛巾25. Why does my foot fall asleepfall asleep 睡着feel funny 感觉奇怪联系动词+形容词Words and phrasestuck tʌk 卷起,蜷曲pins and needles 四肢发麻,如坐针毡nerve nə:v 神经blame bleim v.责备,把…归咎于compress kəm’pres v.压迫tingly a. 刺痛squash skwɔʃv.挤压过去完成进行时had been doing had been drawing过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近,它通常表示一个持续到过去某时的动作：He had been waiting for two weeks．He was still waiting．He had been standing there in the sun.现在完成进行时The present perfect progressive 由have/has been +-ing 分词构成；过去完成进行时The past perfect progressive tenses 由had been +-ing 分词构成．现在／过去完成进行时的用法：A. 在某段时间内一直进行的动作用现在完成进行时来强调动作在某段时间里的持续性．动作通常有＂现在＂的结果,要根据上下文来确定到＂现在＂为止,动作是否还在继续进行．同样,过去完成进行时表示在过去更早时间内进行的动作,并对过去某一时刻产生结果;B.表示重复动作的现在／过去完成进行时我们也可以用完成进行时形式来表示现在或过去经常重复的动作注意：过去完成进行时和过去完成时类似,需要有过去这一时间点;情态动词+现在完成时,表示对过去发生的事的猜测might have lost feeling in your footmight have felt heavy, or you might have felt ‘pins and needles’…lose feeling 失去知觉cut off the blood supply to 切断血液的供应more to blame 更应归咎于carry messages back and forth 来回传递信息for the moment 这时候kind of= a little 有点hang up 挂断no longer 不再return to normal 回复正常keep… awake…保持…清醒squash the nerves 压迫神经定语从句回顾Nerves are like threads that run through your whole body, and they carry messages back and forth between your brain and body.It’s kind of a phone call where your friend hangs up and you haven’t yet.If you want to keep your feet awake, don’t sit on them or put them in other positions where you’re squashing the nerves.。
科普英语竞赛试题
科普英语竞赛试题一、阅读理解（共20分）A. 阅读下面的短文，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
短文：In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the study of artificial intelligence (AI). AI is the science of making computers perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.1. What is AI?A. A type of computer virusB. A science that involves human intelligenceC. A computer program that can perform tasks normally done by humansD. A language translation tool2. Why is there a growing interest in AI?A. Because it can be used to create computer virusesB. Because it can perform tasks that require human intelligenceC. Because it can be used to translate languages onlyD. Because it can make decisions for humansB. 阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。
Space exploration has always fascinated scientists and the general public alike. The recent discovery of water on Mars has sparked new discussions about the possibility of life beyond Earth. Scientists are now focusing on the search for extraterrestrial life, which could change our understandingof biology and the universe.Question: What has the discovery of water on Mars led to?A. Increased interest in space explorationB. New theories about the universeC. A change in our understanding of biologyD. All of the above二、词汇运用（共15分）根据短文内容，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
小记：获科普英语竞赛一等奖
⼩记：获科普英语竞赛⼀等奖
裸考获上海市第17届科普英语竞赛初中低年级组⼀等奖
科普英语竞赛是⼀项经上海市教委批准、由上海市青少年科技教育中⼼与中国科普作家协会翻译家委员会、上海科普作家协会、上海科技教育出版社、上海科学技术出版社、上海交通⼤学外语学院等五家单位联合举办的⼤型竞赛活动。
科普英语竞赛⾃1991年起⾄今连续举⾏，它将科普教育与英语学习有机结合，旨在以英语为载体，拓宽学⽣的视野，提⾼学⽣的科学素养，让学⽣在英语构成的知识海洋中遨游。
通俗点讲，科普英语并⾮单纯考查英语知识，⽽是英语+科学的双重实⼒。
哪怕你英语再好，如果对天⽂、地理、⽣物、科学等知之不多，则很难作答。
据某升学社区说，科普英语是上海市初升⾼最看重的⽐赛之⼀，另据不完全统计，取得初中组科普英语⼀等奖的学⽣，⼏乎没有被上海⾼中所谓的“⼀个神仙”、“四⼤名校”和“⼋个罗汉”之外的学校录取的先例。
当然这只是家长们的饭后谈资，并⾮官⽅所披露的信息，毕竟⼀直以来减负的声⾳不断，近段时间杯赛叫停之⽕更呈燎原之势，但科普英语依然坚挺，它极有可能将是上海市被允许可以存续举⾏的所剩⽆⼏的竞赛之⼀。
上海市初中学⽣科普英语竞赛分为低年级组（6、7年级，⽤同样的试题和同样的评分标准）和⾼年级组（8、9年级，规则同低年级组），这显然对于较低年级的学⽣略有不公。
缪⼀帜作为6年级的学⽣参加
了低年级组的⽐赛。
虽然仅凭裸考（没有参加任何校外英语培训机构的学习），但还是⼀路过关斩将，获得⼀等奖。
现将获奖名单之⽚断张贴在下，算作⼀帜成长历程中到此⼀游的⼀步⼩脚印：
注：⼀等奖共64名，⼆等奖共167名，三等奖共367名。
2023年初中学生科普英语竞赛模拟题
初中学生科普英语竞赛（请把你选中旳答案A、B、C或D做在答题卡或答题纸旳规定位置上。
）PART I Science Knowledge (15分)Directions: There is only one correct answer. Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.When the ants are first hatched, they are very small and _____.A. hopelessB. uselessC. helplessD. legless2.That new experiment building _____ an area of 5000 square meters.A. includesB. holdsC. takesD. covers3.People should get _____ of sleep as they need to feel rested.A. as many hoursB. as much hoursC. so much hourD. so many hour4.The phenomenon of luck is not all down to chance, but is affected by a person’s_____disposition.A. generalB. gentleC. generousD. giant5.The age of fossils can be found by a process _____ carbon dating.A. being calledB. calledC. callingD. to call6.Suddenly the battery on your mobile phone has _____, you can’t make any call for help.A. run downB. run afterC. run offD. run out7.When a plant or animal dies, the carbon 14 in the cells begins to _____.A. break inB. break throughC. break upD. break down8.There is no proof that _____ sleep will _____ life.A. short… lengthB. shorten… lengthC. shortened … lengthenD. shortening … lengthen9.The project team believes such computer would _____in teaching and learning.A. play a major functionB. perform a main functionC. play a major roleD. display a main role10.Once a heart disease has seriously weakened a patient’s heart, heart _____ can beperformed to save his life.A. transplantsB. transportationC. translationsD. transforms11.When readers were asked _____ animals should be used for medical research, nearly80 percent said yes.A. whichB. whatC. whereD. whether12.Feelings of pain _____ when signals from nerve endings in the skin are sent to thebrain.A. recordB. resourceC. resultD. rescue13.The scientist performed his experiment over and over again, ______ till midnight.A. workedB. workingC. to workD. have to work14.Fourteen boys in the class shaved their heads after learning that their friend would losehis hair after receiving drug _____ for cancer.A. tradesB. treatmentsC. treasuresD. tracks15.The government passed the laws to protect the plants and animals on the _____ specieslist.A. endangeredB. dangerousC. endangeringD. dangerPART II Grammar & Vocabulary (15分)Directions: There is only one correct answer for each sentence. Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.16. More and more foreigners want to _______their companies in Zhejiang.A. clean upB. look upC. pick upD. open up17. Can I ______your dictionary? --Sony, I'm using it.A. borrowB. lendC. keepD. return18. _______ me carefully, boys and girls. Can you _____ me clearly.9A. Listen to, hear fromB. Hear, listen toC. Hear, hearD. Listen to, hear19. Let the children go away. They're making to much _______ here.A. noiseB. voiceC. soundsD. songs20. The students put down their pens when the teacher_____ them to stop writing.A. saidB. spokeC. toldD. talked21. He ________ living in the country to the city.A. likesB. prefersC. enjoysD. loves22. Many girls like __________ skirts in summer.A. wearingB. dressingC. inD. putting on23 If you don' t know a word, you can ________ the word in a dictionary.A. look upB. look downC. look overD. look out24 Mr Li would like to _________ us an interesting story.A. tellB. talkC. sayD. speak25. _________ alway the old books and __________ me that new one.A. Bring, bringB. Bring, takeC. Take, takeD. Take, bring26. -- I' m going to school now, Mum, Bye.-- Just a minute. It's cold outside, _________ your coat, please.A. Put onB. Take offC. Put upD. Take down27. It is better to teach a man to fish than ________ him fish.A. to giveB. givingC. to findD. finding28. This TV set is too loud, will you please _________?A. turn down itB. turn it downC. to turn it downD. to turn down it29. It will be warmer tomorrow. The temperature will _________ again.A. fall belowB. go upC. stay aboveD. keep on30. Dick isn't here. He _________ the cinema.A. has gone toB. has been toC. has been awayD. has been withPART III Cloze (完形填空) (20 分)Passage 1A new study has shown that mosquitoes can carry AIDS viruses in their bodies for a few days, but the insects do not seem to spread the virus.In an 31 , mosquitoes that fed on blood 32 with the AIDS virus were later found to have the virus in their bodies. 33 , the mosquitoes did not seem to pass 34 the virus to a sample of uninfected blood when the mosquitoes fed on that sample. Similar experiments 35 recently in South Africa have 36 the same results.The AIDS virus can stay in a mosquito for two or three days, 37 to the experiment. While in the mosquito, the virus does not multiply. Thus, the mosquito might be viewed 38 a momentary flying syringe, that probably carries 39 too little AIDS virus to 40 the infection.31. A. experience B. experiment C. example D. explanation32. A. to infect B. infect C. infecting D. infected33. A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Besides34. A. on B. by C. off D. for35. A. concluded B. combined C. conducted D. concentrated36. A. processed B. produced C. progressed D. promoted37. A. according B. due C. owing D. similar38. A. to B. like C. for D. as39. A. still B. even C. far D. much40. A. slow B. spread C. speed D. stopPassage 2All the useful energy at the surface of the earth comes from the activity of the sun. The sun heats and 41 mankind. Each year it provides men 42 two hundred million tons of grain and nearly ten million tons of wood.Coal, oil, 43 gas, and all other fuels are stored-up energy 44 the sun. Some was collected by this season’s plants as carbon compounds (碳化合物). Some was stored by plants and trees ages 45 .Even waterpower comes from the sun. Water 46 into vapor by the sun falls as rain. It flows down the mountains and is converted to electric power.Light transmits only the energy 47 comes from the sun’s outer layers, and 48 of this energy that is directly toward the earth never arrives. About 49 of it is absorbed by the atmosphere of the earth. 50 , the earth itself gets only one half-billionth of the sun’s entire output of radiant energy.41. A. warms B. feeds C. fuels D. supplies42. A. for B. by C. with D. to43. A. native B. neat C. natural D. normal44. A. from B. by C. at D. in45. A. before B. after C. ever D. ago46. A. turned B. was turned C. turning D. turns47. A. and B. that C. when D. where48. A. a number B. more C. many D. much49. A. ninths-ten B. ninth-tens C. nine-tenths D. nines-tenth50. A. In use B. In fact C. In addition D. In operationPART IV Reading Comprehension (阅读理解) (40分)Passage 1Language isn’t the only sign of animal intelligence. A Canadian psychologist, Dr. David Sherry, has studied the remarkable memory of nutcracker, a bird that stores food，mostly pine seeds, in tiny caches, or holes, in the ground. A native of western North America, one nutcracker makes 100 to 200 separate caches every day in the fall and winter. When spring arrives, the bird returns to these caches to eat the seeds.Dr. Sherry says that months after burying the seeds, the birds remember exactly where they stored them. They fly directly to the holes with no need to hunt and peck. “These birds have a highly specialized spatial memory --- it’s amazing,” says Dr. Sherry.Dr. Sherry says that memory in many animals is associated with an area in the brain called the hippocampus. He found that food-storing birds have a larger hippocampus than birds that don’t store food. Hippocampus damage is one sign of Alzheimer’s disease, a brain degenerative disease marked by a failing memory.51.What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Some kinds of birds have excellent memory.B. How birds store food in the ground.C. How birds find their stored food.D.Why birds like to bury seeds in the ground.52.Nutcracker is a kind of bird that _____.A. stores seeds in the groundB. sings very nicelyC.flies to north in winter daysD.works diligently53.When spring arrives, the bird _____.A. returns from northB. flies back to find the stored foodC. starts to build its new homeD. becomes busy in collecting seeds54.According to Dr. Sherry, if one’s hippocampus is hurt, he may_____ .A. lose his ability to talkB. become very forgetfulC. die very soonD.become easy to get angry55.The phrase “associated with” in the last paragraph has the same meaning as_____?A. “linked to”B. “covered with”C. “located at”D. “stored in”Passage 2Gordon was a 25-year-old science teacher in 1966 when he bought a brand-new carV olvo P1800. Today, Gordon, now retired, still owns the same V olvo. Last March, he put the 2 millionth mile on the car.Gordon’s vehicle hit the big 2 million at a TV ceremony held in Times Square in New York City.To what does Gordon owe his car’s very long life?“V olvos are very strong cars,” he said. “Also, I drive sensibly. And I take very good care of the car.”Gordon changes the oil every 3,000 miles; uses only the same brand of oil; changes the spark plugs（火花塞）every 20,000 miles; washes the car regularly; waxes it at least twice a year; and spends a few minutes each week checking under the hood (车篷), among other things.“Being a science teacher, I have a better idea of the ways things work,”he said.Gordon says the vehicle still has many of its original parts. But many parts, such as the starter motor, the brakes（刹车）, and the water pump, have been rebuilt or replaced.Gordon’s 2 million miles on the road have taken him almost everywhere in the United States, as well as to Canada, Mexico, and Europe. “Whether I drive 3 million is more up to me than it is the car,” he said. “The car’s parts may be able to take it, but I’m not so sure about my own.”56.From the passage we can guess that _____.A. it’s very rare for a car to drive two million milesB. the story has been written to introduce a new carC. there were a car show at the New York City’s Times SquareD. no accid ents have ever taken place with Gordon’s car67. The main cause of the car’s long life lies in _____.A. Gordon’s careful serviceB. Gordon’s special knowledge of carsC. the excellent quality of the carD. the good quality of the oil he uses68. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. All the parts of Gordon’s car have been rep laced.B. Some of the car’s parts can last even longer time.C. V olvo cars are stronger than Japanese ones.D. Science teachers can usually keep their cars longer.69. Gordon has driven his V olvo _____.A. all over the worldB. both home and abroadC. mostly around the town he lives inD. on both American continents70. By the last two sentences Gordon wants to say that _____.A. he’s no longer as strong as he was youngB. his car may survive for no less than ten yearsC. he worries much about his carD. he’ll try hard to reach the goal of 3 million milesPassage 3Last summer, 16-year-old Andrea Axtell read an interesting article in the papers: A family had walked aimlessly in an Arizona desert after their car broke down. Family members said they felt as if they’d walked in circles for hours before help arrived. That detail attracted Andrea’s interest. “Without a compass or specific landmarks, do people who get lost end up walking in circles?” she wondered. “And if they do, why?”These simple questions fueled Andrea’s 10th-grade science project. Hungry for answers, she went to the library to conduct background research. Among many facts, she discovered that several body organs control direction and movement. For example:⏹Eyes allow people to see their route.⏹Structures in the middle ear affect a person’s sense of balance.⏹The brain controls whether a person’s right side or left side is dominant（主导旳）,or exerts more control.“Studies of runners’ strides（步态）show that the dominant foot pushes off with a greater force, which pushes the runner slightly right or left,” she explains.Armed with this information, Andrea started an experiment to test whether people who don’t know where they’re going end up walking in circles. And several months later, that experiment got a prize at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair（ISEF）!71. The aim of Andrea’s research is to find _____.A.why people walk in circlesB.why runners usually run in circlesC.whether lost people walk in circlesD.how can lost people find their place72. From where did Andrea get her idea to do her 10-grade science project?A.From her textbook.B.From a news report.C.From a science report.D.From an experiment.73. Andrea found from her research that the most important organ controlling direction is_____.A.the brainB.the middle earC.the eyesD.Both eyes and middle ear74. Andrea’s research concludes that people who don’t know where they’re going are in thehabit of walking _____.A.leftwardsB.rightwardsC.either left or rightD.neither left nor right75. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.If you are lost in a desert, you’d better stay where you are.B.One’s middle ear is the only organ to keep him in balance.C.Lost people can hardly find their way without a compass.D.The force made by one’s two feet is different when one walks.Passage 4Tears are nature’s way of making us feel more comfortable. When our eyes are made uncomfortable by some small pieces of pollution, or when we are cutting onions, or when we are tired and “red-eyes” from overwork a t late hours, tears form in our eyes to clean and refresh them.Tears are also a sign of strong emotion. We cry when we are sad and we cry when we are happy.And tears seem to be unique to human. We know that animals also experience emotion—fear, pleasure, loneliness—but they do not shed tears. From this we can conclude that tears are closely related to the emotional and biological make-up of the human species.Biologically speaking, tears are actually drops of a slightly salty fluid, produced by a gland（腺）in the body.Because salt is an important component（成分）, tears may actually make up the most conclusive evidence that the human animal is the end product of a long evolutionary（进化旳）process that began in the sea.And it is clear, that, in addition to the emotional benefits, the shedding of tears has a specific biological function as well. Through tears, we can eliminate from our body certain chemicals which build up in response to stress and create a chemical imbalance in the body. Crying actually makes us feel better by correcting that imbalance and making us feel good again. And thus the emotional and the biological functions of tears mix into one and make us even more “human” than we would otherwise be.76. According to the passage, human beings may have first formed in .A. the seaB. lakesC. riversD. mountains77. Which of the following functions have nothing to do with tears?A. Biological functionB. Emotional functionC. Physical functionD.Chemical function78. According to the article, which of the following is unique to humans?A. The feeling of loneliness.B. The ability of evolution.C. The ability to shed tears.D. The feeling of fear.79. The word “eliminate” in the last par agraph most probably means .A. escapeB. produceC. replaceD. remove80. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?A. Tears are a sign of strong emotion.B. Tears are always making us feel more comfortable.C. Tears are unique to human.D. Tears have certain biological function.。
第7届初中学生科普英语竞赛获奖名册
第7届初中学生科普英语竞赛获奖名册学生个人奖A组一等奖暨口试优秀奖（11名）序号学校姓名年级1 东格致中学金秋远92 进华中学高远83 西南位育中学潘天一94 上外附中袁幼林95 静教院附校陈慧96 复旦初级中学彭恺闻97 立达中学王钦敖98 浦东外国语学校李荻非99 市三女中张钰910 东格致中学唐颖祺911 东格致中学张依依9B组一等奖暨口试优秀奖（5名）1 教科实中朱笑笑92 康城实验学校蔡亦涵93 师大实验中学周诗雯94 文来中学许怡琼95 民一中学施天麟9A组一等奖（4名）1 上外附中沈斌92 西南位育（东校）葛睿93 华育中学黄庭昌94 浦东外国语学校沈天玮9B组一等奖（7名）1 东门中学施炯明92 民办金盟学校沈若岚93 民办金盟学校冯源94 蒙山中学朱亮85 文来中学于文博96 民办和衷中学楼世源97 淞谊中学王筱骋9A组二等奖暨口试优秀奖（8名）1 复旦二附中杨斯宇72 市三女中苏奕心3 东格致中学龚文妍94 上外附中黄欣桐95 延安初中王晓瑛86 世界外国语中学黄伊能97 兰生复旦中学中学彭祯慧88 市西初中陈斐然9B组二等奖暨口试优秀奖（4名）1 新基础教育实验学校徐亦昕92 文来中学姜昱昊93 行知二中陆优94 怀少学校潘文昂A组二等奖（57名）1 延安初中吴昊92 华育中学汪怡欣93 华育中学张勰74 延安初中孔梓昀95 延安初中宫晓晔96 延安初中蔡玮鑫97 上外附中庄凌梓88 世界外国语中学陆骁远79 位育初级中学黄凤婧910 上外附中张亦弛911 位育初级中学陆东衡912 市北初级中学王琰玥813 浦东外国语学校侯凌峰914 上外附中陈博凡15 兰生复旦中学陈偲玓916 延安初中单金17 上外附中陆天焜718 西南位育（东校）庞斯偲19 市西初中浦隽瑾20 浦东外国语学校孙萌原21 延安初中王倩22 上外附中王轶歆23 华育中学吴拓24 延安初中许临风25 东格致中学虞博雅826 东格致中学赵雯奇727 延安初中蔡意歆28 复兴初级中学陈新29 世界外国语中学陈卓群30 上外附中金艳31 复旦二附中李大为732 世界外国语中学刘昕玫33 位育初级中学戚益34 西南位育中学裘寓捷35 世界外国语中学沙烨星36 东格致中学孙沁馨737 青云中学王一苇938 华育中学余乐平39 延安初中袁仁亮40 上外附中赵嘉俐41 东格致中学赵培明842 西南位育中学丁阳天43 东格致中学丁逸飞844 位育初级中学顾昱45 上外附中金琪46 进华中学金越947 浦东外国语学校李修能48 西南位育（东校）李越49 西南位育中学林杰希50 兰生复旦中学王历历951 位育初级中学文筠心52 延安初中张科53 华育中学张亦凡54 存志中学张玥华955 位育初级中学郑天铖56 世界外国语中学周易57 延安初中朱天运B组二等奖（70名）1 上宝中学赵菁92 交大附属二中学肖雨佳93 交大附属二中学杨昊霖84 民一中学陈誉都95 民办和衷中学孙添一96 师大实验中学陈意榕97 九峰实验学校吴在君98 民办和衷中学朱加宁99 文来中学陈安芝910 交大附属二中学蔡奕辉911 文来中学方达912 民办金盟学校陆珺913 文来中学施青岑914 上宝中学陆天怡915 交大附属二中学赵姝琼916 文来中学林雨思917 民办和衷中学张瑾918 行知二中焦仪嘉919 师大实验中学徐竹君820 民办金盟学校杨青821 民办金盟学校周逸雯922 上师大外附中金柏嘉723 桃李园实验学校顾思飏24 江桥中学贺忆培25 新基础教育实验学校金天爱826 民办金盟学校梁成栋927 民办金盟学校陆徐超928 教科实中罗辰929 民办金盟学校沈丹蕾830 行知二中严肇隽931 桃李园实验学校张斐卿32 民办金盟学校郑爽933 民办和衷中学周梦怡934 协和双语学校韩圣真935 大公中学黄倩慧936 上师大外附中黄炜琳837 上宝中学李月阳738 平乐中学秦正煜939 春申学校璩应元940 民办和衷中学杨红941 文来中学杨靖倩942 民办金盟学校杨伊娃943 上宝中学陈凌亚944 民办金盟学校丁蓓蓓945 蒙山中学郝子雍946 七宝二中刘月竹947 九峰实验学校罗海韬948 实验中学沈山带酉949 罗星中学汤雯怡50 莘光学校王瀚泽951 民办金盟学校吴雨伦952 文绮中学肖原953 民办和衷中学严晓彦954 闵行五中袁嘉雯55 上师大外附中朱君玺856 上宝中学陈立尧957 民办和衷中学高宽758 上宝中学高龚翔959 上宝中学高紫薇960 怀少学校陆庐奕61 疁城实验学校秦愫桉62 上宝中学孙旭东963 民办金盟学校王沁964 民办和衷中学王诗韵865 古华中学邬家骏66 上师大外附中薛逸敏867 上宝中学于天弘968 交大附属第二中学袁航969 民办和衷中学袁子荀970 马桥强恕学校周碧怡9A组三等奖（86名）1 娄山中学曹鋆2 世界外国语中学陈业蕾3 东格致中学樊衡汀4 世界外国语中学顾诗意5 浦东外国语学校梁园6 位育初级中学刘心源7 上外附中陆修远8 大境初级中学彭阳9 位育初级中学陶丽莎10 世界外国语中学汪容11 位育初级中学徐翌昀12 上外附中杨宇迪13 西南位育（东校）郁阮娇14 华育中学张允达15 进华中学周逸凡16 市西初中成韵沁17 兰生复旦中学戴宏翰18 上外附中戴茗玥19 复旦二附中董方宏20 上海实验学校范鳞熙21 兰生复旦中学龚懿婷22 世界外国语中学韩天红23 徐汇中学胡若晨24 市西初中黄虹澜25 进华中学刘云涛26 西南位育中学柳在易27 兰生复旦中学倪晨曦28 世界外国语中学钱嘉易29 进华中学邱璟30 私立永昌学校唐毅然31 上外附中王雪32 新和中学薛慧伶33 进华中学严一心34 上外附中杨羽茗35 市西初中张佳妮36 市西初级中学张舒然37 新华初级中学张炜杰38 延安初中张贻辰39 市西初中朱定豪40 卢湾中学陈达恺41 市西初中陈瑞东42 青云中学程希寒43 浦东外国语学校狄雨欣44 进华中学丁迪旎45 市北初级中学丁梦媛46 存志中学董益47 西南位育中学高忱颖48 位育初级中学顾雨濛49 华育中学贺秋瑞50 西南位育中学蒋婧旖51 市西初级中学林博52 明珠中学刘文哲53 华育中学刘竹珺54 复旦二附中卢烨55 华育中学沈鸣劼56 育才初级谈忆君57 存志中学王驰逸58 徐汇中学王运罡59 市北初级中学卫雅菲60 西南位育（东校）杨恺61 市十中学姚涛62 浦东外国语学校俞点63 世界外国语中学俞舒元64 世界外国语中学张璐65 天山初中张明宽66 市西初级中学张妮67 上外附中章怡雪68 东格致中学赵之玺69 华育中学周音吟70 新华初级中学周臻纶71 延安初中蔡一晓72 格致初级中学顾超73 延安初中金闻捷74 世界外国语中学李恒宇75 世界外国语中学李昀76 延安初中刘畅77 进华中学刘安琪78 兰生复旦中学马星辰79 世界外国语中学施泽艺80 开元学校陶正坤81 华育中学王郁漪82 世界外国语中学徐丹慧83 世界外国语中学徐熠琳84 存志中学严博诚85 存志中学张佳越86 上外双语学校周颖B组三等奖（93名）1 民一中学陈心怡2 文来中学杜思羽3 宝山实验学校高文茜4 民办金盟学校胡金童5 民办和衷中学李之烨6 求真中学刘思宇7 民办和衷中学陆杨扬8 上师大外附中钱茜盈9 罗星中学沈克10 师大实验中学沈丽雯11 文来中学童雯婷12 民办金盟学校吴思哲13 交大附属第二中学杨雨婷14 蒙山中学俞世豪15 上师大外附中俞亦欣16 疁城实验学校张超17 文来中学张雪禾18 民办金盟学校周嘉逸19 嘉一联中朱逸伦20 育秀中学陈骁俊21 宝山实验学校韩辞22 民办和衷中学黄晨叶23 民办和衷中学姜玉敏24 南汇二中金嘉捷25 上宝中学金雨晴26 明办行中中学陆健27 民办金盟学校潘定28 师大实验中学沈欣文29 民办金盟学校王诗琦30 上海市莘城学校吴泽慧31 民一中学姚拯民32 民办和衷中学俞佳莹33 民一中学郁雯雯34 古华中学袁力35 上宝中学张晗玥36 师大实验中学张霁月37 民办金盟学校张鑫凯38 上宝中学朱婧文39 七宝二中邹广琛40 南汇一中陈习朝41 莘松中学陈宗涵42 民办金盟学校董宗桢43 上师大外附中黄予昪44 蒙山中学季晟显45 上师大外附中姜雨宁46 实验中学陆怿晨47 上师大外附中马欣朝48 文来中学沈舒婷49 春申学校孙丽颖50 嘉一联中王尤嘉51 民一中学蔡怡宽52 民一中学陈俊豪53 九峰实验学校陈思嘉54 民一中学陈怡菁55 罗星中学高逸清56 宝山实验学校高张峰57 文来中学金秋江58 古华中学李濛凡59 民办金盟学校潘琪60 民办和衷中学沈秋明61 上师大外附中宋睿62 民办金盟学校谭静怡63 民办和衷中学唐晓雯64 上宝中学屠雨澄65 九峰实验学校王凯文66 民办金盟学校王晓申67 民一中学徐弢68 师大实验中学许昊文69 黄路学校颜晨佳70 师大实验中学叶子71 民一中学郁嘉玲72 怀少学校赵亦双73 民办金盟学校丁婕74 民办金盟学校傅蕾75 民办和衷中学胡昊劼76 民一中学黄鸿志77 民办金盟学校江雨菲78 民办和衷中学李玥79 师大实验中学梁丹怡80 上海市莘城学校陆百川81 民办和衷中学陆晓寒82 古华中学马晓芸83 上宝中学倪采84 民一中学浦南桥85 民办金盟学校乔钦彧86 诸翟学校王天天87 文来中学徐春雨88 疁城实验学校徐一澄89 上师大外附中袁欣晨90 民办和衷中学张泽轩91 西南位育张知洲92 师大实验中学庄敏宜93 平乐中学邹晓栋团体奖A组团体一等奖（6个）B组团体一等奖（6个）虹口上外附中闵行文来中学长宁延安初中石化民办金盟学校黄浦东格致中学宝山民办和衷中学徐汇华育中学闵行交大附属第二中学浦东浦东外国语学校石化师大实验中学徐汇世界外国语中学闵行上宝中学A组团体二等奖（12个）B组团体二等奖（12个）徐汇位育初级中学崇明民一中学徐汇西南位育中学松江上师大外附中普陀进华中学石化蒙山中学徐汇西南位育（东校）宝山行知二中杨浦兰生复旦中学松江九峰实验学校静安市西初级中学金山罗星中学杨浦复旦二附中嘉定桃李园实验学校杨浦存志中学奉贤古华中学闸北市北初级中学嘉定怀少学校虹口新华初级中学宝山宝山实验学校长宁市三女中崇明东门中学虹口复兴初级中学嘉定疁城实验学校A组团体三等奖（14个）B组团体三等奖（14个）黄浦立达中学松江民乐学校徐汇徐汇中学闵行文绮中学杨浦上外附属双语学校闵行新基础教育实验学校卢湾卢湾中学宝山求真中学静安育才初级南汇南汇二中卢湾私立永昌学校宝山淞谊中学黄浦明珠中学崇明实验中学长宁娄山中学闵行莘松中学徐汇田林三中闵行莘光学校闸北青云中学闵行七宝二中长宁西延安中学嘉定嘉一联中卢湾向明初级中学南汇南汇一中普陀兰田中学宝山海滨二中杨浦沪东外国语学校嘉定江桥中学区县优秀组织奖（11个）徐汇区青少年活动中心闵行区青少年活动中心长宁区少年科技指导站静安区青少年活动中心虹口区青少年活动中心闸北区青少年科技指导站黄浦区青少年活动中心金山第二少年宫、少科站杨浦区青少年科技指导站普陀区青少年中心宝山区青少年科技指导站。
上海10年初中生科普英语竞赛科普知识题
1 Animals get energy for growth and repair fromA soilB foodC waterD air2 A dog opens its mouth and lets its tongue hang out. A human’s body produces sweat. These are two ways that organisms may adjust toA cold temperaturesB hot temperaturesC a shortage of foodD a shortage of drinking water3 During which season of the year would a rabbit’s fur be thickest?A fallB springC summerD winter4 Which animal is preparing for a seasonal change in the environment?A a bat flying at nightB a deer drinking waterC an owl eating a mouseD a squirrel storing nuts5 An example of a poor health habit isA taking a bath or shower regularlyB handwashing after using the bathroomC playing on a soccer teamD eating candy instead of lunch6 Which substance is usually found in nature as a liquid, solid, and gas?A waterB rockC metalD glass7 Which example describes an organism taking in nutrients?A a dog burying a boneB a girl eating an appleC an insect crawling on a leafD a boy planting tomatoes in a garden8 Which characteristic is inherited rather than learned?A telling a storyB saluting the flagC having blue eyesD riding a bicycle9 What is the main function of scales on a fish?A to protect the fishB to attract predatorsC to help the fish find foodD to help the fish breathe10 Which behavior is an example of an animal adapting to a change in the environment?A a squirrel climbing a treeB a rabbit feeding its youngC a frog eating an insectD a bird migrating southAnswer:B B D D D A BC A D。
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初中科普英语竞赛(辅导讲义一) 科普英语竞赛=科普知识+英语能力+应试技巧Multiple Choice 选择填空一、单项选择------以科普知识为基础的选择题单项选择题是初赛第二部分的题型，通常为20道题，分值20分。
做好单项选择填空需要掌握选择填空的答题技巧，以便提高答题的准确率。
二、题型特点考点多，覆盖面广。
在考查纯语法、词汇的基础上，更增加了科普英语的相关知识、特殊词汇、特殊语境中运用词法、句法、惯用法的考查。
三、解题方法单项选择主要还是考查考生的词汇识别、辨析能力（尤其科普、科技词汇的掌握、辨析）、文化差异的感受能力和语言运用能力，语法上注重动词问题和一定的覆盖面。
科普英语竞赛的单项选择题及一般的英语试题的单项选择不同；其题干的内容、语境通常是科普知识；这要求我们在答此类题目第 1 页时，首先要先了解其相关科普知识，然后再按照一般英语试题的解答技巧来选择正确答案。
同学们在做选择填空时应将全句通读一遍，了解句意，再审查选项，将每道题要考的内容进行分类，判断一下属于语法、习惯用语、词汇还是科普知识。
确定了考点，在联系及考点相关的知识要点，对各选项进行比较、判断、进而选出答案。
所以，可以这样认为：科普英语竞赛 = 科普知识 + 英语能力 + 应试技巧试看下例题：1． When the ants are first hatched, they are very small and ______.A. hopelessB. uselessC. helplessD. legless 2．However, the young whale’s______ health continued to test Yip, a marine scientist and his friends.A. deliciousB. delicateC. delayedD. dear 3． Pig poop is high in undigested phosphorous, it leads to great damage when it’s ______ manure.A. used asB. used toC. been used toD. being used to4． The ability of the alligator to ______to changing conditions has also helped the animal make a big comeback.第 2 页A. adoptB. be adoptedC. adaptD. be adapted 5． Avoiding predators ______ the most important reason why animals fly.A .are really B. is C. maybe D. are6． Scientists concluded that heat ______ killed the hornets.A. lonelyB. aloneC. aliveD. lonesome 答案：1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.B在做单项选择题时,同学们除应具有较扎实的语言基础知识和科普知识外,掌握一些解题方法是很有必要的.单项选择解题思路及方法总汇一一、注意同义、近义词汇的积累、辨析作为选择填空的基础考查内容，近义词汇或词组的积累及辨析，考得是英语学习平常的用心及工夫。
例：1． Suddenly the battery on your mobile phone has ______, you can’t make any call for help.A. run downB. run afterC. run offD. run outrun down 跑下、追溯、用完、浏览第 3 页run after 追捕、追求、跟踪、run off 逃跑、流出run out 跑出、离开、完成、被用完、放逐2．Feelings of pain ______when signals from nerve endings in the skin are sent to the brain.A. recordB. resourceC. resultD. rescue3． When a plant or animal dies, the carbon 14 in the cells begins to__A. break inB. break throughC. break upD. break down 4．The government passed the laws to protect the plants and animals on the ______species list.A. endangeredB. dangerousC. endangeringD. danger二、直接运用语法知识进行选择掌握初中阶段所出现的几种主要时态和语态的用法、结构、及之连用的状语及各自的特殊用法。
重点要分清现在完成时、一般过去时的用法。
对宾语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、比较等级以及它们的用法规则都要一一弄清楚。
还要注意固定搭配、习惯用语、动词的时态和语态、动词辨析以及不同词性的词的用法。
例：5. --Will you come to the net bars with me? --Sorry. My mother always tells me ______ there.第 4 页A. not goB. goC. not to go D . to go6.Cucumber beetled, which, ____, could produce 33 million rootworms-a serious agricultural pest.A. if allowed to lay eggsB. if allowing to lie eggsC. if allow laying eggsD. if to aloe lying eggs7.All substances are ______ very tiny particles called atoms.A. made fromB. made up ofC. made byD. made of8.As we all know sound makes air vibrate, thus ______ sound waves.A. makesB. makeC. makingD. to make9.Gerorge ______ in this college for forty years by the time he retired.A. will workB. will have workedC. had workedD. will be working三、注意排除思维定试的干扰在学习过程中,同学们进行了相当多的习题练习,因此对有些类型的题目自然而然地产生思维定试.当碰到一些已发生了变化的新题目,如果不作分析而是凭老经验,想当然办事,势必造成错误.为此,必须排除思维定试的干扰,以便选出正确的答案.第 5 页10.—Have you seen ______ pen? I left it here this morning.__Is it ______ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a/theB. the /theC. the /aD. a/a11.She can’t help ______ the house because she’s busy making a cake.A. to cleanB. cleaningC.cleaned D. being cleaned12.The schools in China are different from _______.A. America schoolsB. that of AmericaC. AmericaD. those in America四、找出关键词再进行选择许多题目中都有这样一些词,它们对于快速而准确地判定答案起着至关重要的作用.我们称这些词为关键词.找到句中的关键词,也就找到了解题的突破口.13.He hardly hurt himself in the accident,______?A. doesn’t heB. didn’t heC. did heD. does he五.注意分析句子成分第 6 页明确句子成分,特别是选项在句子中担任的句子成分,有时对于我们选择正确答案是很有帮助的.14.On Saturday afternoon, Mr. Green went to themarket______ some bananas and visited his cousin.A. boughtB. buying C .to buy D. buy15.______ Mars would be like living on a very high mountain.A. Lived toB. Living onC. Live onD. Live for16.When we hang up wet clothed near a fire ,steam can be seen _____ from them.A. riseB. risingC. raisedD. raise答案: 1.D 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.C6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.A 12.D 13.C 14.A 15.B16.六、注意句式的变化在考查考生对基础知识的掌握过程中,命题人会通过改变句子结构的方式来增加试题难度.碰到这类题材时,要沉着冷静,仔细分析,以便选出正确答案.1. John plays football _____,if not better than, David.第 7 页A. as wellB. as well asC. so wellD. so well as2. Rather than ______on a crowded bus, he always prefers______ a bicycle.A. ride/rideB. riding/rideC.ride/to rideD. to ride/riding七、选项类推法如果对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小,不妨利用“如果A对,那么B也对”的类推法,从而可将A、B予以否定.3.—Who’s the man at the door? --_________.A. He is a doctorB. He is a friend of mineC. He is a famous singerD. He is twenty 八、比较排除法根据题干提供的休息,先把一眼就看出的干扰项排除,缩小选择范围,然后将剩余的选项填入空白处进行检查,辨别真伪.4. The girl asked the teacher ___________.A. what does the museum looks likeB. what did the museum look likeC. what the museum looks likedD. what the museum looked like,第 8 页5. There is ______ milk here, but there are quite ____ empty glasses.A. little/a few B .few/a few C. little/alittle D. few/little6.People should get______ of sleep as they need to feel rested.A. as many hoursB. as much hoursC. so much hourD. so many hour7.My English is very poor. I _____ maths ____English.A. prefer/toB. like/thanC. learn/thanD. have/by8.--Please give me a _____ when you arrive in Beijing.--All right. I’ll tell you everything when I get there.A. newspaperB. ticketC. callingD. ring9.French scientists have found that the moon has another unexpected ______:it affects Earth’s climate.A. insignificanceB. influenceC. instructionD. intelligence10.Seeds from other trees could not grow because there were_____ plants on the forest floor.第 9 页A. too manyB. too muchC. a great dealD. a large amount11.Everybody knows that no living things can live without air or water. It’s a (a) ____sense.A. commonB. usualC. averageD. ordinary九、吃透语境把握题干的全部信息,进行合理的推断,作深层的理解,并从词法、句法和惯用法以及习惯搭配等角度全方位考虑.十、逻辑推理法有些题目的选项,从语法上分析不止一个对,有的甚至全对,但句义不符合逻辑,所以要通过推理才能得出正确的答案.12.We are tired. Let’s stop _____ and have a rest.A. to workingB.workC. toworkD. working13.Everything we eat and drink contains some salt; we can meet the bod y’s need for it from natural sources without ______ the salt bottle.A. referring toB. turning toC.keeping outD. putting away14.The report, prepared by a group of top scientists, outlines the changes that Americans must make______ the threat of global warming.第 10 页第 11 页。