第九届初中生科普英语竞赛辅导材料
上海初中科普英语竞赛
上海初中科普英语竞赛1.引言1.1 概述科普英语竞赛是一项旨在提高初中生科学素养和英语水平的活动。
通过参与科普英语竞赛，初中生能够接触到最新的科学知识，拓宽视野，培养对科学的兴趣和热爱。
此外，科普英语竞赛也倡导学生运用英语进行科学交流和表达的能力，提升他们的英语口语和写作水平。
科普英语竞赛的目的在于激发学生的创造力和想象力，并通过实践活动来培养学生的科学思维和解决问题的能力。
此外，科普英语竞赛也鼓励学生团队合作，培养他们的协作精神和领导能力。
上海初中科普英语竞赛自其创办以来已经取得了巨大的发展。
通过这项比赛，上海的中学生获得了更多展示自己才华的机会，并与其他学校的同学进行交流和学习。
这不仅提高了他们的学术水平，还促进了他们之间的友谊和合作。
总之，上海初中科普英语竞赛是一个重要且有意义的活动，它促进了学生的科学素养和英语能力的发展，并培养了学生的团队合作和创新精神。
希望通过这篇文章的介绍，能够让更多的人关注和支持这一活动，并为其未来的发展贡献自己的力量。
1.2 文章结构文章结构部分的内容可以包括以下内容：文章结构：本文将分为引言、正文和结论三个部分来介绍上海初中科普英语竞赛。
其中引言部分将概述本文内容、介绍文章结构以及明确文章的目的。
正文部分将探讨科普英语竞赛的意义和上海初中科普英语竞赛的历史与发展。
结论部分将总结对初中生的影响，并展望未来科普英语竞赛的发展。
引言部分：在引言部分，我们将对上海初中科普英语竞赛进行介绍，包括其目的和组织形式等。
首先，我们将概述本文的内容，明确文章的结构，并简要介绍每个部分的内容。
接着，我们将介绍文章的目的，即探讨上海初中科普英语竞赛的意义和其对初中生的影响。
通过对这一竞赛的深入了解，我们可以更好地了解科普英语竞赛在初中教育中的作用，促进学生的科学素养和英语能力的提升。
正文部分：在正文部分，我们将详细探讨上海初中科普英语竞赛的意义和其历史与发展。
首先，我们将介绍科普英语竞赛的意义，其中包括培养学生的科学素养，提高科学知识的应用能力，加深对科学的理解和兴趣等方面。
初中学生科普英语竞赛_模拟题1
初中学生科普英语竞赛（请把你选中的答案A、B、C或D做在答题卡或答题纸的规定位置上。
）PART I Science Knowledge (15分)Directions: There is only one correct answer. Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.When the ants are first hatched, they are very small and _____.A. hopelessB. uselessC. helplessD. legless2.That new experiment building _____ an area of 5000 square meters.A. includesB. holdsC. takesD. covers3.People should get _____ of sleep as they need to feel rested.A. as many hoursB. as much hoursC. so much hourD. so many hour4.The phenomenon of luck is not all down to chance, but is affected by a person’s_____disposition.A. generalB. gentleC. generousD. giant5.The age of fossils can be found by a process _____ carbon dating.A. being calledB. calledC. callingD. to call6.Suddenly the battery on your mobile phone has _____, you can’t make any call for help.A. run downB. run afterC. run offD. run out7.When a plant or animal dies, the carbon 14 in the cells begins to _____.A. break inB. break throughC. break upD. break down8.There is no proof that _____ sleep will _____ life.A. short… lengthB. shorten… lengthC. shortened … lengthenD. shortening … lengthen9.The project team believes such computer would _____in teaching and learning.A. play a major functionB. perform a main functionC. play a major roleD. display a main role10.Once a heart disease has seriously weakened a patient’s heart, heart _____ can beperformed to save his life.A. transplantsB. transportationC. translationsD. transforms11.When readers were asked _____ animals should be used for medical research, nearly80 percent said yes.A. whichB. whatC. whereD. whether12.Feelings of pain _____ when signals from nerve endings in the skin are sent to thebrain.A. recordB. resourceC. resultD. rescue13.The scientist performed his experiment over and over again, ______ till midnight.A. workedB. workingC. to workD. have to work14.Fourteen boys in the class shaved their heads after learning that their friend would losehis hair after receiving drug _____ for cancer.A. tradesB. treatmentsC. treasuresD. tracks15.The government passed the laws to protect the plants and animals on the _____ specieslist.A. endangeredB. dangerousC. endangeringD. danger PART II Grammar & Vocabulary (15分)Directions: There is only one correct answer for each sentence. Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.16. More and more foreigners want to _______their companies in Zhejiang.A. clean upB. look upC. pick upD. open up17. Can I ______your dictionary? --Sony, I'm using it.A. borrowB. lendC. keepD. return18. _______ me carefully, boys and girls. Can you _____ me clearly.9A. Listen to, hear fromB. Hear, listen toC. Hear, hearD. Listen to, hear19. Let the children go away. They're making to much _______ here.A. noiseB. voiceC. soundsD. songs20. The students put down their pens when the teacher_____ them to stop writing.A. saidB. spokeC. toldD. talked21. He ________ living in the country to the city.A. likesB. prefersC. enjoysD. loves22. Many girls like __________ skirts in summer.A. wearingB. dressingC. inD. putting on23 If you don' t know a word, you can ________ the word in a dictionary.A. look upB. look downC. look overD. look out24 Mr Li would like to _________ us an interesting story.A. tellB. talkC. sayD. speak25. _________ alway the old books and __________ me that new one.A. Bring, bringB. Bring, takeC. Take, takeD. Take, bring26. -- I' m going to school now, Mum, Bye.-- Just a minute. It's cold outside, _________ your coat, please.A. Put onB. Take offC. Put upD. Take down27. It is better to teach a man to fish than ________ him fish.A. to giveB. givingC. to findD. finding28. This TV set is too loud, will you please _________?A. turn down itB. turn it downC. to turn it downD. to turn down it29. It will be warmer tomorrow. The temperature will _________ again.A. fall belowB. go upC. stay aboveD. keep on30. Dick isn't here. He _________ the cinema.A. has gone toB. has been toC. has been awayD. has been withPART III Cloze (完形填空) (20 分)Passage 1A new study has shown that mosquitoes can carry AIDS viruses in their bodies for a few days, but the insects do not seem to spread the virus.In an 31 , mosquitoes that fed on blood 32 with the AIDS virus were later found to have the virus in their bodies. 33 , the mosquitoes did not seem to pass 34 the virus to a sample of uninfected blood when the mosquitoes fed on that sample. Similar experiments 35 recently in South Africa have 36 the same results.The AIDS virus can stay in a mosquito for two or three days, 37 to the experiment. While in the mosquito, the virus does not multiply. Thus, the mosquito might be viewed 38 a momentary flying syringe, that probably carries 39 too little AIDS virus to 40 the infection.31. A. experience B. experiment C. example D. explanation32. A. to infect B. infect C. infecting D. infected33. A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Besides34. A. on B. by C. off D. for35. A. concluded B. combined C. conducted D. concentrated36. A. processed B. produced C. progressed D. promoted37. A. according B. due C. owing D. similar38. A. to B. like C. for D. as39. A. still B. even C. far D. much40. A. slow B. spread C. speed D. stopPassage 2All the useful energy at the surface of the earth comes from the activity of the sun. The sun heats and 41 mankind. Each year it provides men 42 two hundred million tons of grain and nearly ten million tons of wood.Coal, oil, 43 gas, and all other fuels are stored-up energy 44 the sun. Some was collected by this season’s plants as carbon compounds (碳化合物). Some was stored by plants and trees ages 45 .Even waterpower comes from the sun. Water 46 into vapor by the sun falls as rain. It flows down the mountains and is converted to electric power.Light transmits only the energy 47 comes from the sun’s outer layers, and 48 of this energy that is directly toward the earth never arrives. About 49 of it is absorbed by the atmosphere of the earth. 50 , the earth itself gets only one half-billionth of the sun’s entire output of radiant energy.41. A. warms B. feeds C. fuels D. supplies42. A. for B. by C. with D. to43. A. native B. neat C. natural D. normal44. A. from B. by C. at D. in45. A. before B. after C. ever D. ago46. A. turned B. was turned C. turning D. turns47. A. and B. that C. when D. where48. A. a number B. more C. many D. much49. A. ninths-ten B. ninth-tens C. nine-tenths D. nines-tenth50. A. In use B. In fact C. In addition D. In operationPART IV Reading Comprehension (阅读理解) (40分)Passage 1Language isn’t the only sign of animal intelligence. A Canadian psychologist, Dr. David Sherry, has studied the remarkable memory of nutcracker, a bird that stores food，mostly pine seeds, in tiny caches, or holes, in the ground. A native of western North America, one nutcracker makes 100 to 200 separate caches every day in the fall and winter. When spring arrives, the bird returns to these caches to eat the seeds.Dr. Sherry says that months after burying the seeds, the birds remember exactly where th ey stored them. They fly directly to the holes with no need to hunt and peck. “These birds have a highly specialized spatial memory --- it’s amazing,” says Dr. Sherry.Dr. Sherry says that memory in many animals is associated with an area in the brain called the hippocampus. He found that food-storing birds have a larger hippocampus than birds that don’t store food. Hippocampus damage is one sign of Alzheimer’s disease, a brain degenerative disease marked by a failing memory.51.What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Some kinds of birds have excellent memory.B. How birds store food in the ground.C. How birds find their stored food.D.Why birds like to bury seeds in the ground.52.Nutcracker is a kind of bird that _____.A. stores seeds in the groundB. sings very nicelyC.flies to north in winter daysD.works diligently53.When spring arrives, the bird _____.A. returns from northB. flies back to find the stored foodC. starts to build its new homeD. becomes busy in collecting seeds54.According to Dr. Sherry, if one’s hippocampus is hurt, he may_____ .A. lose his ability to talkB. become very forgetfulC. die very soonD.become easy to get angry55.The phrase “associated with” in the last paragraph has the same meaning as_____?A. “linked to”B. “covered with”C. “located at”D. “stored in”Passage 2Gordon was a 25-year-old science teacher in 1966 when he bought a brand-new car V olvo P1800. Today, Gordon, now retired, still owns the same V olvo. Last March, he put the 2 millionth mile on the car.Gordon’s vehicle hit the big 2 million at a TV ceremony held in Times Square in New York City.To what does Gordon owe his car’s very long life?“V olvos are very strong cars,” he said. “Also, I drive sensibly. And I take very good care of the car.”Gordon changes the oil every 3,000 miles; uses only the same brand of oil; changes the spark plugs（火花塞）every 20,000 miles; washes the car regularly; waxes it at least twice a year; and spends a few minutes each week checking under the hood (车篷), among other things.“Being a science teacher, I have a better idea of the ways things work,”he said.Gordon says the vehicle still has many of its original parts. But many parts, such as the starter motor, the brakes（刹车）, and the water pump, have been rebuilt or replaced.Gordon’s 2 million miles on the road have taken him almost everywhere in the United States, as well as to Canada, Mexico, and Europe. “Whether I drive 3 million is more up to me than it is the car,” he said. “The car’s parts may be able to take it, but I’m not so sure about my own.”56.From the passage we can guess that _____.A. it’s very rare for a car to drive two million milesB. the story has been written to introduce a new carC. there were a car show at the New York City’s Times SquareD. no accid ents have ever taken place with Gordon’s car67. The main cause of the car’s long life lies in _____.A. Gordon’s careful serviceB. Gordon’s special knowledge of carsC. the excellent quality of the carD. the good quality of the oil he uses68. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. All the parts of Gordon’s car have been replaced.B. Some of the car’s parts can last even longer time.C. V olvo cars are stronger than Japanese ones.D. Science teachers can usually keep their cars longer.69. Gordon has driven his V olvo _____.A. all over the worldB. both home and abroadC. mostly around the town he lives inD. on both American continents70. By the last two sentences Gordon wants to say that _____.A. he’s no longer as strong as he was youngB. his car may survive for no less than ten yearsC. he worries much about his carD. he’ll try hard to reach the goal of 3 million milesPassage 3Last summer, 16-year-old Andrea Axtell read an interesting article in the papers: A family had walked aimlessly in an Arizona desert after their car broke down. Family members said they felt as if they’d walked in circles for hours before help arrived. That detail attracted Andrea’s interest. “Wit hout a compass or specific landmarks, do people who get lost end up walking in circles?” she wondered. “And if they do, why?”These simple questions fueled Andrea’s 10th-grade science project. Hungry for answers, she went to the library to conduct background research. Among many facts, she discovered that several body organs control direction and movement. For example:⏹Eyes allow people to see their route.⏹Structures in the middle ear affect a person’s sense of balance.⏹The brain controls whether a person’s right side or left side is dominant（主导的）,or exerts more control.“Studies of runners’ strides（步态）show that the dominant foot pushes off with a greater force, which pushes the runner slightly right or left,” she explains.Armed with this information, Andrea started an experiment to test whether people who don’t know where they’re going end up walking in circles. And several months later, that experiment got a prize at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair（ISEF）!71. The aim of Andrea’s research is to find _____.A.why people walk in circlesB.why runners usually run in circlesC.whether lost people walk in circlesD.how can lost people find their place72. From where did Andrea get her idea to do her 10-grade science project?A.From her textbook.B.From a news report.C.From a science report.D.From an experiment.73. Andrea found from her research that the most important organ controlling direction is_____.A.the brainB.the middle earC.the eyesD.Both eyes and middle ear74. Andrea’s research concludes that people who don’t know where they’re going are in thehabit of walking _____.A.leftwardsB.rightwardsC.either left or rightD.neither left nor right75. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.If you are lost in a desert, you’d better stay where you are.B.One’s middle ear is the only organ to keep him in balance.C.Lost people can hardly find their way without a compass.D.The force made by one’s two feet is different when one walks.Passage 4Tears are nature’s way of making us feel more comfortable. When our eyes are made uncomfortable by some small pieces of pollution, or when we are cutting onions, or when we are tired and “red-eyes” from overwork a t late hours, tears form in our eyes to clean and refresh them.Tears are also a sign of strong emotion. We cry when we are sad and we cry when we are happy.And tears seem to be unique to human. We know that animals also experience emotion—fear, pleasure, loneliness—but they do not shed tears. From this we can conclude that tears are closely related to the emotional and biological make-up of the human species.Biologically speaking, tears are actually drops of a slightly salty fluid, produced by a gland（腺）in the body.Because salt is an important component（成分）, tears may actually make up the most conclusive evidence that the human animal is the end product of a long evolutionary（进化的）process that began in the sea.And it is clear, that, in addition to the emotional benefits, the shedding of tears has a specific biological function as well. Through tears, we can eliminate from our body certain chemicals which build up in response to stress and create a chemical imbalance in the body. Crying actually makes us feel better by correcting that imbalance and making us feel good again. And thus the emotional and the biological functions of tears mix into one and make us even more “human” than we would otherwise be.76. According to the passage, human beings may have first formed in .A. the seaB. lakesC. riversD. mountains77. Which of the following functions have nothing to do with tears?A. Biological functionB. Emotional functionC. Physical functionD.Chemical function78. According to the article, which of the following is unique to humans?A. The feeling of loneliness.B. The ability of evolution.C. The ability to shed tears.D. The feeling of fear.79. The word “eliminate” in the last paragraph most probably means .A. escapeB. produceC. replaceD. remove80. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?A. Tears are a sign of strong emotion.B. Tears are always making us feel more comfortable.C. Tears are unique to human.D. Tears have certain biological function.。
上海市高中学生科普英语竞赛获奖文章
【序号1】上海市高中学生科普英语竞赛获奖文章近年来，随着我国教育的不断改革和创新，科学素养和外语能力的培养正逐渐成为学校教育的重要组成部分。
在这一背景下，上海市高中学生科普英语竞赛应运而生，并且逐渐成为了备受关注的重要学术赛事。
本文将围绕这一主题展开深入探讨，探索科普英语竞赛的意义、特点和影响，并共享我对这一赛事的个人理解和见解。
【序号2】科普英语竞赛的意义和特点科普英语竞赛是一项旨在提高学生科学素养和英语能力的赛事。
通过参与竞赛，学生们不仅可以在科学知识方面得到提升，还能够提高英语阅读和表达能力。
这样的竞赛不仅促进了跨学科的综合能力培养，同时也有助于将科学知识和英语学习相结合，提升学生综合素质。
科普英语竞赛以其独特的形式和内容成为了一种全新的学科、学术和活动。
通过赛事的设置，学生们被鼓励积累和学习更多的科学知识，并以英语的方式进行共享和表达。
这种形式不仅可以激发学生学习科学的兴趣，还能够促使他们在英语学习中更加关注和了解科学知识。
【序号3】科普英语竞赛的影响与实践科普英语竞赛在上海市乃至全国范围内产生了深远的影响。
这一赛事为学生提供了一个展示自己科学素养和英语能力的舞台，激发了学生对科学与英语的热爱和兴趣。
另科普英语竞赛也促进了学校在课程设置和教学方法上的变革，更加注重跨学科能力的培养和科学素养的提升。
在实际的竞赛过程中，学生们需要通过阅读、思考和写作来展现自己对科学知识的理解和应用，并用英语语言进行表达。
这样的实践不仅提升了学生的学术水平，还培养了他们的逻辑思维和语言表达能力。
这种综合能力的培养对于学生未来的学习和发展具有重要意义。
【序号4】个人观点和理解我对于科普英语竞赛有着很深的认识和理解。
我认为这样的赛事不仅是一种比赛，更是一种学习和交流的机会。
通过参与竞赛，我能够更深入地了解科学知识，并在英语表达方面得到提升。
我深刻体会到，科学和英语并不是两个独立的学科，而是可以相互结合和促进的。
而科普英语竞赛正是让我更加深刻地体会到了这一点。
上海高中生科普英语资料竞赛 -回复
上海高中生科普英语资料竞赛-回复Science Popularization in ChinaIntroduction:Science popularization plays a crucial role in fostering scientific literacy and promoting social progress. In recent years, China has made remarkable achievements in popularizing science education among high school students. This article aims to shed light on the efforts made by Shanghai to promote science popularization among high school students, particularly through a science English competition.1. Role of Science Popularization:Science popularization is vital for the overall development of a nation. It helps students to understand and appreciate the principles and applications of scientific knowledge, thereby fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Science popularization also nurtures scientific talents and is crucial for innovation and technological advancements.2. Science Popularization in China:In recent years, China has recognized the significance of sciencepopularization and made substantial efforts to promote it. The government has initiated various policies, programs, and campaigns to engage students in science education. Science popularization has become an integral part of China's national curriculum, with an emphasis on hands-on experiments, scientific research, and learning through exploration.3. Shanghai’s Efforts in Science Popularization:3.1 The Science English Competition:In Shanghai, the Science English Competition plays a pivotal role in promoting science popularization among high school students. This annual event provides a platform for students to showcase their scientific knowledge and English proficiency, enhancing their understanding of science terminology and concepts. The competition comprises written tests, presentations, and group discussions, enabling participants to demonstrate their scientific thinking and communication skills.3.2 Collaborations with Research Institutes:To further integrate science education with practical applications, Shanghai's education department collaborates with research institutes. This collaboration allows students to gain hands-onexperience in scientific research and motivates them to explore the frontiers of science. Students have opportunities to work with scientists, participate in research projects, and benefit from mentorship programs, fostering their enthusiasm and interest in scientific pursuits.3.3 Resource Centers and Museums:Shanghai boasts several science resource centers and museums that offer interactive exhibitions, educational workshops, and science-related events. These centers provide an immersive learning environment for students, enabling them to engage with scientific phenomena and principles in a fun and interactive manner. Through hands-on experiments and interesting demonstrations, the centers facilitate a deeper understanding of scientific concepts and inspire curiosity among students.4. Impact of Science Popularization:The efforts made by Shanghai in science popularization have resulted in significant outcomes. Firstly, an increasing number of high school students are pursuing science-related subjects, contributing to the overall improvement in scientific literacy in Shanghai. Secondly, student participation in scientific research hassignificantly increased, leading to innovative and diverse research projects. Lastly, the Science English Competition has cultivated a strong interest in science and English language skills among students, nurturing a new generation of science communicators.Conclusion:Science popularization is an essential aspect of education in Shanghai. The Science English Competition, collaborations with research institutes, and the availability of resource centers and museums contribute to the overall success in promoting science among high school students. The efforts made by Shanghai have not only enhanced scientific literacy but also nurtured young talents who will play a critical role in China's future scientific advancements.。
上外附中科普英语竞赛
上外附中科普英语竞赛嘿，朋友们！今天咱们来聊聊上外附中科普英语竞赛这档子事儿。
你知道吗？这科普英语竞赛就像是一场奇妙的探险之旅。
它可不是那种普普通通的英语考试，而是充满了新奇和挑战的大冒险！想想看，平时咱们学英语，是不是就背背单词，做做语法题？可在这竞赛里，那可完全不同啦！它要求你不仅英语功底扎实，还得对各种科学知识了如指掌。
这就好比你不仅要会骑马，还得知道怎么给马钉马掌，怎么照顾它的饮食起居。
比如说，竞赛里可能会让你用英语介绍太空探索的最新成果，或者讲讲基因编辑的奥秘。
这可难不倒那些平时就喜欢读科普书籍，关注科学新闻的小伙伴。
但要是你平时只盯着课本，那可就有点抓瞎喽！准备这个竞赛，就像盖一座高楼大厦。
词汇量那是基石，语法是钢筋框架，科学知识就是那漂亮的装饰和实用的内部设施。
你得一层一层地往上搭建，每个环节都不能马虎。
听力部分呢，就像是一阵疾风，呼呼地吹过来，你要是耳朵不够灵敏，那可就被吹得晕头转向。
阅读部分，那密密麻麻的英文和复杂的科学概念，简直就是一片荆棘丛生的森林，你得有把锋利的斧头，也就是强大的理解能力，才能开辟出一条道路来。
写作那就更别提啦！得把你脑袋里的科学知识和英语词汇巧妙地融合在一起，就像做一道色香味俱全的大餐，缺了哪样调料都不行。
参加这个竞赛，能得到啥好处呢？这还用问？英语水平那肯定是蹭蹭地往上涨，科学知识也能装满一箩筐。
以后和别人聊天，一开口就能让人刮目相看，这感觉难道不爽吗？而且，要是能在竞赛中取得好成绩，那简直就是给自己的未来开了一扇明亮的窗户，各种机会都会主动找上门来。
所以啊，朋友们，别犹豫啦！勇敢地投身到上外附中科普英语竞赛这个大舞台上，展现自己的风采，说不定下一个英语和科学的小达人就是你呢！总之，上外附中科普英语竞赛是个能让你变得更强大，更出色的好机会，一定要抓住它！。
第九届科幻科普作文大赛决赛题目
第九届科幻科普作文大赛决赛题目英文回答：As a finalist in the 9th Science Fiction and Popular Science Essay Competition, I am excited to share my thoughts on the topic. Science fiction and popular science are two genres that have captivated audiences around the world. They both have the power to inspire, educate, and entertain, but they do so in different ways.Science fiction, with its imaginative and futuristic scenarios, often explores the possibilities of technology, space exploration, and the unknown. It allows us to ponder the potential consequences of scientific advancements and the impact they may have on society. For example, in the popular science fiction film "The Matrix," the concept of a simulated reality raises thought-provoking questions about the nature of existence and the boundaries of human knowledge.中文回答：作为第九届科幻科普作文大赛的决赛选手，我很高兴能分享我的想法。
全国中学生英语能力竞赛(NEPCS)辅导教案
第一周目的：强化听力，单项填空题型分析和解题技巧步骤：第一课时：解听力应试技巧，并且听几段听力测试题进行练习。
1.浏览问题，预测话题2.抓住重点，解决问题3.准确把握关键词及信息词，合理判断人物意图及态度4.边听边记，强化记忆5.运用归纳，分析，综合等技巧推断最佳答案第二课时：单项选择题型分析，做相应的练习在做单项选择题时，掌握一些解题方法是很有必要的。
1．直接法--直接利用相关语法知识，通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出正确答案的解题方法，例：⭧1 --Will you come to the net bars(网吧)with me﹖Sorry．My mother always tells me（）there．A．not go B．go C．not to go D．to go 根据句意可知此题考查动词不定式的否定形式，即tell sb．not to do sth．，故此题应选C。
2．关键词法--许多题目中都有这样一些词，它们对于快速而准确地判定答案起着至关重要的作用。
我们称这些词为关键词(key words)。
找到句中的关键词，也就找到了解题的突破口，例：--He hardly hurt himself in the accident，（）﹖A．doesn＇t he B．didn＇t he C．did he D．does he 该题中hardly与hurt是起关键词作用的。
凡陈述部分含有hardly，never，little，few等否定意义的词时，反意疑问句用肯定形式；而hurt一词的过去式与原形相同，此处hurt未加s，应为过去式。
因此本题答案C是正确的。
3．类推法--如果对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小，不妨利用"如果A对，那么B也对"的类推法，从而可将A、B予以否定，例：Who＇s the man at the door﹖（）A．He is a doctor B．He is a friend of mine C．He is a famous singer D．He is twenty 仔细分析备选答案就可发现：A、C选项针对的是"职业"。
上海科普英语竞赛复习资料
上海科普英语竞赛复习资料上海科普英语竞赛复习资料科普英语竞赛是一项旨在提高学生科学素养和英语水平的活动。
参加这项竞赛的学生需要具备一定的科学知识和英语表达能力。
为了帮助大家更好地复习，本文将提供一些科普英语竞赛的复习资料。
一、科学知识1. 生物学生物学是科普英语竞赛中的一个重要领域。
学生需要了解基本的生物概念和生物体的组成。
例如，细胞是生物体的基本单位，生物体可以分为植物和动物两大类。
此外，学生还需要了解一些生物学的基本原理，如遗传和进化等。
2. 物理学物理学是另一个重要的科学领域。
学生需要了解一些基本的物理概念和定律。
例如，牛顿三大定律是物理学的基石，它们分别描述了物体的运动规律和力的作用。
此外，学生还需要了解一些与物理学相关的实验和现象，如光的折射和电的导体等。
3. 化学化学是科学的一门重要分支，也是科普英语竞赛的考点之一。
学生需要了解一些基本的化学概念和化学反应。
例如，酸碱中和是一种常见的化学反应，它发生在酸和碱溶液混合时。
此外，学生还需要了解一些与化学相关的实验和应用，如电池的工作原理和化学药品的制备等。
二、英语表达1. 词汇词汇是英语学习的基础，也是科普英语竞赛的重要考点。
学生需要掌握一些科学相关的词汇，如生物学、物理学和化学的专业术语。
此外，学生还需要了解一些常见的科学名词和科学实验用品的英文表达。
2. 句型和语法除了词汇，学生还需要掌握一些科学相关的句型和语法。
例如，描述实验步骤时可以使用被动语态，如“The solution was heated to 100 degrees Celsius”。
此外，学生还需要了解一些与科学相关的特殊句型和语法规则，如条件句和比较级等。
3. 阅读和写作科普英语竞赛中的阅读和写作部分也是关键。
学生需要能够理解科学相关的文章，并能够根据文章内容回答问题。
此外，学生还需要具备一定的写作能力，能够用英语描述科学实验和现象。
三、复习方法1. 制定复习计划复习计划是复习的基础，可以帮助学生合理安排时间和任务。
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第九届初中生科普英语竞赛辅导材料科普类阅读答题方法及策略一【题型说明】科普知识类文章的特点是科技词汇多，句子长且结构复杂，理论性和逻辑性又都较强，再加之文章所介绍的知识对于同学们来说是比较陌生的。
因此，同学们看这类文章觉得是雾里看花。
【文章特点】科普类文章的主要特点：1. 文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。
综观整篇文章可以明显看出，它没有文学英语中常采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修饰手段，一词多义的现象也不多见。
2. 句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。
为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象与一体的长句。
3. 常使用被动语态，强调动作的承受者。
4. 常使用双重否定句。
【结构特点】科普知识类文章结构一般也是由标题(Headlines),导语(Introductions)，背景( Background)，主体(Main body)和结尾(Ends)五部分构成。
标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，高考这类阅读理解材料一般也不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。
导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。
背景交待一个事实的起因。
主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述。
这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。
结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。
【备考提醒】要做好这类阅读理解题，先要掌握这类文章的特点和结构，真正读懂并理解它。
其次，工夫在课外，平时一定要多读科技幻想类文章，比如：太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。
特别是从网上搜寻一些取材原版、内容时新、语言鲜活的科技幻想类材料阅读。
这样长期坚持，既可以增长知识、开阔视野，又可以扩充科技词汇，还能提高解答这种类型试题的能力。
我们何乐而不为呢？【实例分析】阅读下面的文章，然后做后面的阅读理解题：Robots are smart. With their computer brains, they help people work in dangerous places or do difficult jobs.Some robots do regular jobs. Bobby, the mail carrier, brings mail to a large office building in Washington, D.C. Heis one of 250 mail carriers in the United States.Mr. Leachim, who weighs two hundred pounds and is six feet tall, has some advantages as a teacher. One is thathe does not forget details. He knows each child’s name, the parents’ names and what each child knows andneeds to know. In addition, he knows each child’s pets and hobbies. Mr. Leachim does not make mistakes. Eachchild goes and tells him his or her name, then dials an identification number. His computer brain puts the ch ild’svoice and number together. He identifies the child with no mistakes. Then he starts the lesson. Another advantage is that Mr. Leachim is flexible. If the children need more time to do their lessons they canmove switches. In this way they can repeat Mr. Leachim’s lesson over and over again. When the children do agood job, he tells them something interesting about their hobbies. At the end of the lesson the children switch Mr.Leachim off.1. The first paragraph of the passage tells us _____.A. human beings are not as smart as robotsB. robots will take the place of man to rule the earthC. we can only use robots to do some regular jobsD. robots can help people in many different ways2. Mr. Leachim’s _____ makes him a good teacher.A. knowledgeB. appearanceC. advantagesD. energy3. What is the most important thing Mr. Leachim can do in his lessons?A. To meet the needs of each student.B. To talk to the students in different languages.C. To keep everyone’s interest in his lesson.D. To introduce more hobbies to the children.4. The word flexible in the last paragraph means _____.A. not strictB. not hardC. suitableD. changeable5. Which of the following statements may be true according to the passage?A. There are 250 robot teachers in the United States.B. Mr. Leachim is run and controlled by electricity.C. Bobby works in a large office building in WashingtonD.C.D. The lessons taught by Mr. Leachim are given on a TV set.【答案与解析】文章主要讲的是机器人可以以不同的方式帮助人类。
1. D。
主旨大意题。
从With their computer brains, they help people work in dangerous places or do different jobs. Some robots do regular jobs可知机器人可以做各种不同的工作，能以各种方式帮助人类，故答案选D。
2. C。
事实细节题。
从Mr. Leachim, who weighs two hundred pounds and is six feet tall, has some advantages as a teacher可知答案C正确。
3. A。
推理判断题。
从Another advantage is that Mr. Leachim is flexible可知他非常的灵活，可满足每个学生的要求，故答案选A。
4. D。
词汇猜测题。
从文章最后一段可知学生可以根据需要有选择地运用Mr. Leachim, 可见flexible是形容Mr. Leachim很灵活，富有变化，即答案选D。
5. B。
事实细节题。
从文章最后一话At the end of the lesson the children switch Mr. Leachim off 可知答案B正确推测生词词义技巧实践证明，根据自己的英语基础和兴趣爱好选择恰当的材料，进行大量的阅读是学好英语的有效途径。
但是，阅读中不免会遇到生词或熟词生义，不可能也没有必要每个生词都去插词典，这就需要掌握猜测词义的方法和技巧了。
这里总结了17种词义推测的方法或技巧，但愿能对你有所帮助。
1.根据转折关系：表示转折关系的有though, but、however等。
例如：Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it.由but可知genius是与fool(蠢才)相对的，由此推测其意为“有才能的人”、“天才”。
2.根据对比关系：表示对比关系的有标志词有unlike、not、while、on the other hand, in spite of、in contrast等。
例如：If you agree, say “Yes”; if you dissent, say “No”.根据前后的对比关系，不难猜出dissent是意思与agree相反，即：“不同意”。
3.根据同类关系：比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。
表示比较关系的词和短语有similarly，like，just as，also等。
例如：Mr. Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.句中similarly表明loves to talk与生词loquacious之间是同类关系。
由此可推断出loquacious 词义为“健谈的”。
4.根据因果关系：表示因果关系的有because, so that, so/such…that…等。
例如：The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.由“无雨水”之因，可推知花会“枯萎、凋谢”之果。
因此，wither意为“枯萎、凋谢”。
5.根据同位关系:因为同位语是对前面的名词的进一步补充说明，提供更为详细的情况，所以根据同位语也可推测前面名词的意思。
例如：Yes, that is the Tai Mahal, one of the most famous buildings in the world. (全国卷)由后面的同位语的解释我们清楚地知道Tai Mahal就是一著名的建筑物。