科普英语竞赛翻译
科普英语竞赛翻译中的若干问题1．注意科技文体风格，使用科技英语语言科技文体的特点是结构缜密、概念准确、行文流畅、逻辑性强，词语的专业性强而修饰性较弱。
在词汇方面，科技英语大量使用名词化结构和动词的非限定式，即分词、动名词和动词不定式；词汇的组成可分三类：一是被赋予新义的常用词，二是从拉丁语、希腊语等外来语中借用的词汇，三是新造词。
在语法方面，科技英语多用现在时（尤其是一般现在时）、被动语态、非人称主语及定语从句。
科技文体是比较正式庄重的文体。
译文能否体现科技文体的特色，关键是译文中的词汇、语法、句法结构等是否与原文中的诸因素契合一致。
1）辨析文体色彩词汇是文章最基本表现材料，文章的总体风貌必然反映在词汇上。
翻译中的选词是否准确直接关系到译文能否体现原文的总体风貌。
The agenda of ongoing work in the social and behavioral sciences has been revealed here in only the most fragmentary way. But I hope these fragments will provide some glimpse into the excitement and significance of the whole.关于在社会和行为科学中我们目前正在搞的工作的进程，在这儿只是以很不搭界的方式摆出来的；可是我希望这些拉拉杂杂的东西倒能使读者见识一下我们整个的研究工作是多么有趣又是多么有意义。
这里展示的并非社会科学和行为科学的总体现状，只不过是让读者见其一斑。
然而，笔者希望这零散材料能引起人们的兴趣，使之对全部工作的重要意义有个概略的了解。
2）理清学科归属英语词汇的突出特点表现为一词多义。
一个常用词的词义可以依据其所处的不同上下文辐射到各个不同的学科，形成一个语意辐射圈。
随着社会的进步、科学的发展，越来越多的词被赋予新义，其语义辐射范围也随之扩大。
译者首先应明确原文所涉及的学科范畴：是数学、物理学、化学还是医学……They made their base at Cape Evans and planned the journeyto the Pole in three stages.他们在埃文斯海角建立了大本营，并计划分三个阶段来完成到南极的全部旅程。
Some reactions such as those between soluble acids and bases occur very rapidly.有些反应，像酸碱溶液之间的反应进行得很快。
Convert the following denary numbers base 8.把下列各十进制换算成以8为基值的数。
Large missiles are typically without a rail launching system, and whether tied down or simply standing on their base are subject to wind effects.大型导弹一般是没有导轨发射系统的，不论是系装还是竖立在发射场上，都受风的影响。
3）准确引申词义即是依据词的本义进行必要的延伸拓展，使之与上下文在意义上相符，在风格上一致。
A.首先是延续拓展原文词义:Of the thousands of lines in the sun’s spectrum, most can be definitely identified with those of elements known on the earth.太阳光谱中的几千条谱线，绝大多数能够确切地与地球上的已知的元素谱线相吻合。
One of the beauties of the medicine is the absence of aftereffects.这种药品的优点之一是没有副作用。
It was only in the last few years that advances were made for the work of identification of pain-sensitive cells in the caudal part of SNT.只是最近几年来，在尾端寻找痛敏细胞的工作方面有了突破。
B．其次将抽象的词义具体化:All the wit and learning in this field are to be present at the symposium.这一领域的全部学者都将出席这次专题讨论研讨会。
By experimentation, imagination, and reasoning, mathematics are discovering new facts and ideas that science and engineering are using to change our civilization.通过实验、想象和推理，数学家们正在寻求新论据新观念，从而使科学家和工程师们用之以促进人类文明的发展。
C．最后将具体词义抽象化:There were times when emigration bottleneck was extremely rigid and nobody was allowed to leave the country out of his personal preference.过去，对移民的限制极为严格，不允许任何人出于个人考虑而迁居他国。
Just as the Industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from men’s muscles and enormously expanded productivity, so the microcomputer is rapidly assuming huge burdens of drudgery from the human brain and thereby expanding the mind’s capacities in ways that man has begun to grasp.正如工业革命取消了大量的体力劳动并极大发展了生产力一样，微型电子计算机迅速地承担起大量繁重的脑力劳动，从而以人们现在才开始领会的各种方式扩大了人脑的功能。
2．翻译的步骤1）紧缩主干In that same village and in one of these very house (which, to tell the precise truth, was sadly time-worn and weather-beaten), there lived many years since, while the country was yet a province of Great Britain, a simple good natured fellow, of the name of Rip Van Winkle.2）辨析词义A．形态语义关系QuarterfinalElectronumeroscopicB．语法层次关系timelessnessthe nursing professionhis nursing motherC．词语联立关系science of defence for ladiesthe London SchoolA young lady who thinks is like a young man who rougesD．语言文化关系Some would say that today it is very difficult to find sucha man in this community, as difficult as to find a landmarkBaptist./E．情态色彩关系F．指涉呼应关系G．思维逻辑关系I love fool’s experiments; I am always making them.Every couple is not a pairH．专业领域关系3）分析句型英语句法分析比较障目的是：一、后置成分很多，常与汉语表达法适得其反；二、插入成分很多，使以汉语为母语的人难免思维阻断；三、一词多义、多词一义现象比较突出。
A PhD does not make a doctor nor the judicial gown the judge. He was convinced against his will but is of the same opinion still.4）理清脉络指思维的表达层次，也是思维发展的形式，一般表现为句子与句子或主句与分句的组合关系。
还应包括对原语重心的探究5）调整搭配广义的搭配至整个句子的主谓（宾）以及其他句子成分的搭配形式，狭义的搭配制止此一次的搭配形式。
还涉及到语言的约定性，即所谓约定俗成，有自己的习惯表达法。
6）润饰词语润饰词语的一个重要手段是统观全局，包括词、词组、句、语段与语篇。
3．翻译的方法1）常规手段(对应)Sophistic reasoningBe marveled at his sophistic wording2）变通手段A．分切Today /pilots flying the new Boeing 767 and 757 aircraft /navigate with the aid of new laser gyroscopes. Supermarket clerks /use lasers to ring up process /at the check-out/ by “reading”universal bar-codes /printed on packages and canned goods.今天，驾驶新型波音767和757客机的驾驶员，借助新的激光舵转仪进行操作；而超级市场的售货员，则利用激光，“阅读”通用价格条码，在结帐台上计价，因为价码已印在货品包装盒罐头制品上了。
B．转换词性转换：汉英互译中最常见的是名词与动词、介词与动词之间的转换。
汉语中动词占优势，英语中名词与介词占优势。
Ignorance of the law excuses no man from practising it.任何人也不能以不知法为借口，不受法律制裁。
肯定与否定转换：正说与反说的转换。
无人售书处 / self-service bookstand句式的转换：复合句与简单句的各种形式的转化。
英语竞赛之翻译篇(一)
英语竞赛之翻译篇（一）在全国大学生英语竞赛中,笔试部分内容中“英译汉”难度相对较大,为了便于大家把握住要点,在竞赛中取得好成绩,特向大家提供一些有关知识,以供参考。
英译汉要求参赛学生译出一篇短文划线部分的句子,但我们不能两眼盯着要译的部分,应浏览一下前后内容,达到融汇贯通,这对理解翻译句子非常必要。
翻译决不能拘泥于词表面的意思,参赛学生对词的认识,容易产生“1+1=2”的思维定势,学了“work”,就和“工作”分不开,不考虑语境、词义的变化,这是我们的通病。
其实词典中所给的词义只是个基本意思,比如英语介词有其基本的词义,有时与汉语的方位词意思相当,有时我们得视具体情况,把其转译成动词。
这样就能更准确地表达原意,如:把“across”译成“延伸或横跨”,把“over”译成“越过”,等等。
可以说,英译汉中最难的就是从句的翻译。
如果完全按照原文的结构、语序翻译,译成的汉语会非常冗长、难懂,这就要正确理解、区别对待。
对主语从句或宾语从句,我们应该先拆开,再逐段翻译。
状语从句是比较常见的一种句型,在翻译时,我们尤其要注意两点:1.译文中状语从句的位置;2.状语从句在原文与译文之间的差异。
一看到so...that,许多人立刻会想到汉语“如此……以至于”。
其实在大多数情况下,我们没有必要逐字翻译出来,我们把汉语译文分成两句,然后加上个程度副词,如“非常、很”等,原句结构的意思就能体现出来。
另外,条件从句在英语中常常放在主句后面,这与汉语的习惯不太一样。
因此,在翻译时,最好还是把位置顺过来。
在翻译从句时,我们许多人总容易混淆定语从句和同位语从句。
定语从句是用于修饰前面的名词,在翻译成汉语时,或是放在被修饰词的前面或是分开译,后一种方法更适合较长的定语从句,而同位语从句则是对前面的名词做进一步的解释,是前面名词的具体内容,前后在语法上是对等关系,因此在翻译时,可用破折号表示,一般不要把从句放在所译名词之前,我们若能添上个“即”字,英语同位语的解释作用就能在汉语译文中得到完美的体现。
【优质】常见竞赛获奖及奖学金奖励翻译
Community Festival
党支部
Party Branch
常见学生职务中英文对照
中文名称
英文名称
学生会主席
President of the Student Union
团委会书记
Secretary of the Youth League Committee
团支书
League Branch Secretary / Secretary of the Youth League Branch Committee
十佳学生活动组织
Top Ten Student Activities Organization
学生科研创新奖
Student Award for Research and Innovation
导游技能大赛
Tourist Skills Contest
导游路线设计大赛
Tourist Route Design Competition
最佳台风奖
Best Stage Style Award
最佳人气奖
Best Popularity Award
优秀组织奖
Outstanding Organization Award
最佳创意奖
Best Creativity Award
优秀团体奖
Excellent Group Award
优秀节目奖
Best Program Award
社会工作先进个人
Advanced Individual of Social Work
文体活动先进个人
Advanced Individual of Cultural and
道德风尚奖
Ethic Award
环保知识竞赛英文翻译
Environmental Knowledge Quiz Competition IntroductionIn recent years, the importance of environmental protection has been emphasized on a global scale. To raise awareness and promote understanding of environmental issues, many organizations and schools have started organizing Environmental Knowledge Quiz Competitions. These competitions aim to educate and engage participants in learning about various environmental topics, such as sustainability, climate change, and pollution.ObjectivesThe main objectives of an Environmental Knowledge Quiz Competition are: - To enhance participants’ knowledge and understanding of environmental issues. - To promote environmental awareness and advocacy. - To encourage teamwork and critical thinking skills. - To inspire creative solutions to environmental challenges.FormatEnvironmental Knowledge Quiz Competitions are typically structured as a series of rounds with a variety of question formats, including multiple-choice, true/false, and short-answer questions. Teams or individuals compete against each other to test their knowledge and problem-solving abilities. The questions cover a wide range of environmental topics, such as renewable energy, biodiversity, waste management, and conservation.BenefitsParticipating in an Environmental Knowledge Quiz Competition offers several benefits, including: - Increased awareness of global environmental issues. - Improved knowledge of sustainable practices and solutions. - Enhanced critical thinking and problem-solving skills. - Opportunities for networking with like-minded individuals. - Recognition for environmental stewardship and advocacy efforts.PreparationTo excel in an Environmental Knowledge Quiz Competition, participants are advised to: - Stay updated on current environmental issues and trends. - Study key concepts related to sustainability, ecosystems, and climate change. - Practice answering sample questions and participating in mock quizzes. - Collaborate with team members to share knowledge and strategies. - Stay motivated and committed to learning and making a positive impact on the environment.ConclusionIn conclusion, participating in an Environmental Knowledge Quiz Competition is a valuable opportunity to deepen one’s understanding of environmental issues, engage in meaningful discussions, and contribute to a more sustainable future. These competitions play a crucial role in promoting environmental awareness and inspiring individuals to take action towards protecting our planet. By encouraging learning and innovation, Environmental Knowledge Quiz Competitions empower participants to become champions of environmental stewardship.。
英语社英语百科知识竞赛赛题
英语社团《英语百科知识竞赛》1、What is English equivalent（对应词）of 世界贸易组织？（ C ）A.WDOB.WMDC.WTOD.WHO2、What is English equivalent of 世界卫生组织？（B）A.WTOB.WHOC.WDOD.WMD（解析：WHO is world health organization.）3、What is English equivalent of 国内生产总值？（A）A.GDPB.GNPC.GMPD.GPP4、What is English equivalent of 国际奥委会？（A）A.IOCB.NOCC.FIFAD.AOC（解析：FIFA：国际足球联盟）5、What is English equivalent of 药品生产质量管理规范？（D）A.GLPB.GCPC.GAPD.GMPB组1、Translate the sentence"All that glitters（闪烁；闪耀）is not gold." into Chinese.（发光的并不一定都是金子。
）2、Translate the sentence "A lazy youth ,a lousy（非常糟的；极坏的）age.''into Chinese.（少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
）3、Translate the sentence "All time is no time when it is past." into Chinese.（光阴一去不复返。
）4、Translate the sentence"Failure is the mother of success."into Chinese.（失败乃成功之母。
）5、Translate the sentence"A thousand-li journey is started by taking the first step.'' intoChinese. （千里之行，始于足下。
科普英语词汇大全了解科普领域的专业术语探索科学奥秘
科普英语词汇大全了解科普领域的专业术语探索科学奥秘科普英语是指将科学知识以简明易懂的方式传播给大众的一种语言表达方式。
随着科学技术的不断发展，科学知识的更新速度也越来越快，掌握科普英语已经成为了现代人的必备技能。
本文将为您介绍一些科普领域常用的专业术语，帮助您更好地了解科学的奥秘。
一、物理学1. 力学（Mechanics）：研究物体运动和作用力的学科。
2. 光学（Optics）：研究光的传播、反射、折射等特性的学科。
3. 电磁学（Electromagnetism）：研究电荷、电流与磁场之间相互作用的学科。
4. 热学（Thermodynamics）：研究热能转化和能量传播的学科。
5. 声学（Acoustics）：研究声音的产生、传播和接收的学科。
二、化学1. 元素（Element）：指由同一种原子构成的物质。
2. 化合物（Compound）：由两个或多个不同元素化合而成的物质。
3. 离子（Ion）：带电的原子或分子。
4. 化学键（Chemical bond）：将原子结合在一起的力。
5. 酸碱（Acid-Base）：指酸和碱之间的化学反应。
三、生物学1. 细胞（Cell）：生物体的基本结构和功能单位。
2. 基因（Gene）：决定生物遗传性状的基本单位。
3. 进化（Evolution）：生物种类和特征随时间推移发生变化的过程。
4. 基因工程（Genetic engineering）：利用DNA重组技术改变生物的遗传特性。
5. 感染（Infection）：病原体进入机体并引起疾病的过程。
四、地质学1. 地壳（Crust）：地球最外层的岩石壳层。
2. 地震（Earthquake）：地壳发生剧烈震动的现象。
3. 火山（Volcano）：地表下喷发岩浆、气体和火山灰等物质的地质现象。
4. 地质年代（Geological era）：地球历史长时间划分的单位。
5. 沉积作用（Sedimentation）：沉积岩形成的过程。
英语趣味知识竞赛
A fair face may hide a foul heart..
人不可貌相。
名言翻译
• 1.God helps those who help themselves. • 天助自助者。 • • • • • • 2. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真交。 3.Two heads are better than one. 三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。 4.Nothing is impossible to a willing mind. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 5.Knowlegde can change your fate and English can accomplish your future. 知识改变命运，英语成就未来。
B
• • • •
A．her name B. her age C. her home D. her child
17．“Love me，love my dog”翻译成中文的意 思是： A
• • • • A.爱屋及乌 B.爱我就爱我的小狗 C.爱我就更爱我的小狗 D.爱我，爱小狗
18. What is the end of everything ?
趣味英语小测试
• 一单项选择题 • 1. 大家都知道，如果路边的小屋上 写有W.C.的字样，那大概就是一个 可以方便的地方。请问W.C.的完整 英语形式是怎样的？ • A. Washing Room • B. Washing Case • C. Water Closet • D. Water Caster
• 4. 答案选A。2008年北京奥运会的英 文口号是One world, one dream。选 项B( New Beijing, Great Olympics)是 北京申办奥运会的口号，其意为“新 北京，新奥运”；而选项C (Faster, Higher, Stronger)则是奥林匹克格言
英语趣味知识竞赛
英语趣味知识竞赛Are you ready to embark on a journey through the realm of English language trivia? Brace yourself for a delightful adventure filled with fascinating facts, quirky anecdotes, and mind-boggling tidbits. Let's dive right in!1. Did You Know?。
Ever wondered why "abbreviated" is such a long word? Well, the irony is real! But here's a fun twist: the longest word in English dictionaries is "pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis." Say that ten times fast!2. Language Wonders。
English is a language full of surprises. For instance, did you know that the word "set" has the most definitions in the English language? From setting a table to setting a record, it's a versatile little word!3. Tongue Twisters Galore。
Tongue twisters are not only amusing but also great for honing your pronunciation skills. Can you conquer this classic: "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers"? Give it a try!4. Animal Antics。
大学生英语竞赛B类翻译题及答案
Translation (15 marks)I (5 marks)Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.How do you wish for good luck every December 31? Check out these New Year’s ritual from around the world. Brazilians celebrate by dressing in all white on New Year’s Eve to symbolize peace and spend their evening partying on the beach. When the clock strikes midnight, they run to the ocean and serve various offerings upon the goddess of the sea, so that she may open up paths in their lives.II(10 marks)Translate the following sentences into English by using given in brackets.1.他们的友谊建立在多年相互开放沟通的基础上。
（be based on）2.我们应该积极参加社区服务，这可以丰富我们的生活。
（enrich）3.即使这工作要花掉我六个星期的时间，我仍决心要完成。
(even if;determined)4.消防员没有多考虑个人的安慰，像平常一样将困在大火中的人员援救出来。
(think little of )5.在毒奶粉丑闻曝光后，家长们为该给孩子们吃什么而忧虑。
（expose;be concerned about）Part V Translation (15 marks)I (5 marks)你在每年的12月31日是怎样来祈求好运的呢？来看看世界各地的这些新年传统。
2003-2012年全国大学生英语竞赛C类翻译部分(试题+答案)
2003年全国大学生英语竞赛初赛试题翻译部分Part VI Translation（10 minutes，10 points）Directions：Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage into Chinese on the Answer Sheet．TASTE A WORLD OF DIFFERENCEWherever you are in the world，it seems，the billboards and supermarket shelves are saturated with the same brand names．There are few places left on the planet where you can't buy a Diet Coke，a packet of Kellogg's cornflakes，or Oxo cubes．But just try tasting them．（101）The packaging and the product may look identical，but the flavour maybe far from familiar．Even the most famous brand names are specially for-mulated to appeal to individual national palates．Heinz，for instance，insists that its tomato ketchup is“the same recipe worldwide”，but admits that“there maybe very subtle variations in the spicing”．Even the ultimate global brand，Coca-Cola，accepts that not all its products are what they appear to be．“We go to great lengths to ensure that Coca-Cola is the same wherever you drink it，”says a spokesman．“But Diet Coke may change slightly from country to country，because we use different sweeteners in different places．”Americans prefer many products，particularly chocolate，to be far more sugary than Europeans do．（102）The French perceive strawberry flavour in a different way from the British，so the artificial flavouring in France will not have a“proper”strawberry taste to Britons．Preferences for saltiness and color differ as well，and most Japanese consumers dislike the taste of milk．The French in general prefer stronger，fuller-tasting coffee than the British．There is a higher cream content in a Magnum in Italy than in Britain，because the Italians expect ice-cream to have a much richer taste．Tea sold in Europe tends to be weaker than the strong tea preferred by Britons．（103）Taste preferences can vary even within countries：at least one well-known soft drink is made according to a sweeter recipe in the southern states of the United States than that on sale in the north．Local water and soil will affect the taste of home-grown natural ingredients．Some key constituents may not be available，meaning that alternatives must be found．Sometimes，especially in developing countries，premium grade components，such as high-grade flour，are replaced with lower-quality equivalents．（104）Extremes in climate will require different additives and preservatives to be used．Chocolate calls for an alternative recipe in hot countries if it is to maintain its texture and taste．And multinationals must conform to national laws and regulations on additives，flavorings，colorings，and artificial low-calorie sweeteners．Mars and Snickers bars taste slightly different in Australia，since laws there state that vegetable fat must not be used in chocolate．Local religious sensibilities must also be observed．（105）Even McDonald's，which proclaims the homogeneity of its Big Macs（巨无霸）around the globe，has to serve lamb rather than beef burgers in India，because the sacred status of cows means thatthe majority of its Indian customers can't eat beef．Part VII Writing（30 minutes，20 points）Directions：The chart below shows the amount of leisure time enjoyed by men and women of different employment status．Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below．You should write at least 150 words．Leisure time in a typical week：by sex and employment status，1998－99Part VI Translation (10 points)101. 包装和产品也许看起来是完全一样的，但是味道也许跟所熟悉的相差甚远。
科普英语竞赛翻译
科普英语竞赛翻译中的若干问题1．注意科技文体风格，使用科技英语语言科技文体的特点是结构缜密、概念准确、行文流畅、逻辑性强，词语的专业性强而修饰性较弱。
在词汇方面，科技英语大量使用名词化结构和动词的非限定式，即分词、动名词和动词不定式；词汇的组成可分三类：一是被赋予新义的常用词，二是从拉丁语、希腊语等外来语中借用的词汇，三是新造词。
在语法方面，科技英语多用现在时（尤其是一般现在时）、被动语态、非人称主语及定语从句。
科技文体是比较正式庄重的文体。
译文能否体现科技文体的特色，关键是译文中的词汇、语法、句法结构等是否与原文中的诸因素契合一致。
1）辨析文体色彩词汇是文章最基本表现材料，文章的总体风貌必然反映在词汇上。
翻译中的选词是否准确直接关系到译文能否体现原文的总体风貌。
The agenda of ongoing work in the social and behavioral sciences has been revealed here in only the most fragmentary way. But I hope these fragments will provide some glimpse into the excitement and significance of the whole.关于在社会和行为科学中我们目前正在搞的工作的进程，在这儿只是以很不搭界的方式摆出来的；可是我希望这些拉拉杂杂的东西倒能使读者见识一下我们整个的研究工作是多么有趣又是多么有意义。
这里展示的并非社会科学和行为科学的总体现状，只不过是让读者见其一斑。
然而，笔者希望这零散材料能引起人们的兴趣，使之对全部工作的重要意义有个概略的了解。
2）理清学科归属英语词汇的突出特点表现为一词多义。
一个常用词的词义可以依据其所处的不同上下文辐射到各个不同的学科，形成一个语意辐射圈。
随着社会的进步、科学的发展，越来越多的词被赋予新义，其语义辐射范围也随之扩大。