翻译理论与实践作业2
汉英英汉翻译理论与实践
Clinton is the first black president .克林顿是第一个重视黑人权益的总统Clinton is the first woman president.克林顿是第一个重视妇女权益的总统1. We want to buy quality steel.我们要买高质量的钢材。
2. I am pleased to be here to offer a U.S. business perspective on one of today’s great quality ch allenges: building a high skills/high wage workforce. 我很高兴能来此介绍一下美国商界对当今我们在素质方面所面临的挑战的看法，这项挑战就是如何建立一支高技术，高薪金的劳动队伍。
3. The president now is on a poverty tour.总统目前正在访问贫困地区。
4. noise abatement procedures. 抑制噪声的措施5. She is on her listening tour of New York.她正在纽约巡回访问，听取群众的意见。
6. Professor Smith is leaving the school. That is a stupid loss.史密斯教授要离开学校了。
这个损失实在是不明智才造成的。
7. The kiss represents the symbolic loss of the most famous American child. 那轻轻的一吻是一个象征，代表这个美国著名的孩子已经长大成人了。
Criminal law 刑法；Criminal layer专门处理刑事案件的律师；Criminal attack构成犯罪的攻击；criminally insane 形式法庭鉴定为患有精神病This is a thought-provokingly different explanation . 这个解释完全不同，但却很能给人启发。
翻译理论与实践2
春读书 秋读书 春秋读书读春秋 东当铺 西当铺 东西当铺当东西
水有虫则浊，水有鱼则渔，水水水，江河湖淼淼。
木之下为本，木之上为末，木木木，松柏樟森森。
大地回春
万 紫 千 红 江 山 骄 风 和 日 丽 春 光 好
Spring Has Come Round
All the brilliant flowers make the landscape most beautiful. The warm sun and the gentle breeze make a spring wonderful.
1、定语的位置
（2）短语作定语 a building project of high-rise apartment houses （后臵） 一个多层公寓大楼的建筑项目（前臵） a candidate with little chance of success （后臵） 一个当选希望极其微妙的候选人 （前臵）
4. Equivalents Interwoven with One Another
e.g. say, speak, talk, tell 说， 讲，谈，诉
5.Words Without Equivalents
翻译理论与实践2(3)
过去，从斋堂进北京靠羊肠小道，需要6-7天的 时间，如今，109国道平坦便捷，乘车两个半 小时就可以到北京。 In the past, it took six or seven days to go from Zhaitang to Beijing through a winding trail. Now on the smooth National Highway 109, it takes just two and a half hours to reach Beijing. intestines path 他在戏里扮演 包公。 She played the male role of Judge Bao (the just and impartial judge in Chinese history) in the play.
售票处 补票处 收款处 booking office fare-adjustment office cashier office 计帐员 服务员领班 未订座者 bookkeeper head waiter walk-in guest 登记入店 check-in
将括号中的汉语翻译成英语 1. Passengers for Guiyan, ( 请注意）. Flight 1411, Plane Number 274 for Guiyan has been delayed due to mechanical problems. Attention , Please 2. All these measures ( 着眼于）further emancipating the productive forces. are aimed at / are intended for 3. The decisive move in 1994 to bring China closer to a market economy involved (金融， 财税、外汇、投资、外贸和粮价） finance, taxation, foreign exchange, investment, foreign trade and grain price.
翻译症作业
翻译理论与实践2第五次作业：翻译症针对性翻译练习学号：姓名：班级：成绩：1.The report noted proposals that eating less fat and more food with whole grains and otherfibers can protect against cancer.这份报告特别提到了“少食脂肪,多吃含全粮食物和其他纤维素的食物能预防癌症的那些建议。
不难看出,原译完全按原文定语从句的结构去译,语序不变,显得定语太长,不符合汉语的表达习惯,使读者读起来非常困难。
这个报告特别提到,有人建议少吃脂肪,多吃全粮食品和其它含纤维素的食物能预防癌症。
2.It noted that being overweight has been linked to sickness and death from such diseases ashigh blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease and gallbladder disease.报告指出，肥胖会导致高血压、糖尿病、心脏病和胆囊等方面的疾病，甚至造成死亡。
3.The fierce light of the burning house lighted Kino’s face strongly.燃烧中的房子的熊熊火光强烈地照亮了他的脸。
4.Twenty thousand plants are listed by the World Health Organization as being used fortherapeutic purposes.原译：20000种植物被世界卫生组织列为可以被用作治疗目的。
改译：世界卫生组织列出了20000种药用植物。
三：克服翻译腔的方法正确使用工具书。
只满足于英汉词典的汉语释义5.When I told him what I had just done and why, his weathered face slowly changed..我把刚才做的事告诉他并解释原因,他那饱经风霜的脸上,脸色慢慢变了。
(完整版)大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)练习与作业
To make a long story short. It is another story now. He storied about his academic career and his professional career. I don ’ t buyuyrostory. Once the story got abroad, I would never hear the last of it. Of Studies 选段： Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and
Once in a blue moon
as cool as a cucumber
Black sheep
as timid as a rabbit
4.音译法
1
karaoke Guitar Model Coffee Sofa 气功 太极 功夫 狗不理 好利来 5.音译意译结合法 KFC
三、词法翻译
1.对等译法 直接找到同原文对等的表达。
2
retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.
作业二：句子的翻译
一、普通句子的翻译
1.换序译法 更换原文的词序，使得译文通顺。 even the wild animals of his homeland, it seemed to Kunta, had more dignity than these creatures. 2.断句译法 长而复杂的句子，适当断开翻译。 the shark swung over and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he swung over once again, wrapping himself in two loops of the rope. 3.转句译法 原文词语具有丰富含义，需要译文转译成一个句子。 a crashing thunderstorm, with thick rain hissing down from skies black as night, stopped Victor Henry from leaving the White House. 4.合句译法 英语句子一般较长，汉语句子较短，所以汉译英时常把几个句子合起来译成一个英语句子。 贾琏见他去了，只得回来瞧凤姐。／谁知凤姐已醒了，听他和鸳鸯借当。 5.缩句译法 将原文的一个句子转换为译文句子的一个部分。 her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the Second World War. 6.转态译法 原译文的主被动语态进行转换。 she hadn’t been told Bette’s other name, or sh’ed forgotten it. 7.正反译法 原文中的否定词译文翻译为肯定词， 肯定词翻译为否定词， 相反也可以这样。 we must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. He seemed to be at a loss for the precise words to elaborate his opinion.
《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》翻译实践及详解(Has Democracy a Future)【圣才出品】
2. Has Democracy a Future?Back to the question: Has democracy a future? Yes, Virginia①, it does, but not the glorious future predicted in the triumphalist moment. Democracy has survived the twentieth century by the skin of its teeth②. It will not enjoy a free ride③through the century to come.In America, democracy must run a gauntlet of challenges. The most crucial is still Du Bois’ color line. Much depends on the availability of jobs, especially in the inner city④. If employment remains high, political action will mitigate racial tensions, particularly when minorities understand that in the longer run ethnic gerrymandering⑤will reduce, not increase, their influence. Tension will be mitigated even more by intermarriage. Sex—and love—between people of different creeds and colors can probably be counted on to arrest the disuniting of America.The national capacity to absorb and assimilate newcomers will remain powerful. The call of the mainstream will appeal far more than linguistic or ethnic ghettos, above all to the young⑥. English will continue as the dominant language. Indeed, in essentials the national character will be recognizably much as it has been for a couple of centuries. People seeking clues to the American mystery will still read, and quote, Toequeville.Technology will rush on according to Adams’ law of acceleration. But for all⑦the temptations of interactivity⑧and all the unpopularity of elected officials, I doubt that Americans will sanction the degradation⑨of representative democracy into a system of plebiscites. Capitalism too will careen on, through downs as well as ups, but laissez-faire ideology will probably wane as capitalists discover the range of troubles the unfettered market cannot solve, or makes worse. Unbridled capitalism, with low wages, long hours, and exploited workers, excites social resentment, revives class warfare, and infuses Marxism with new life. To move along constructive lines, capitalism must subordinate short-term plans and profits to such long-term social necessities⑩as investment in education, research and development, environmental protection, the extension of health care, the rehabilitation of infrastructure, the redemption of the city. Capitalists are not likely to do this by themselves. Long- term perspectives demand public leadership⑪ and affirmative government.From Foreign Affairs, September/October 1997 【参考译文】回到我们原来的问题：民主有前途吗？有！①民主是有前途，但并不像人们在必胜信念、乐观心态盛行时期所预测的那种光辉灿烂的前途。
英语翻译理论与技巧二--翻译的基本问题xzb
基本标准：忠实而通顺 所谓忠实，首先指忠实于原文的内容。译者必须把原作的内容完整、准确地表 达出来，不得改变、歪曲、遗漏或增加。忠实还指保持原作的风格——民族风 格、语体风格、作者个人的语言风格。对这些风格，译者不得任意破坏和改变， 不能以译者的风格代替原作的风格。原作如果是通俗的口语体，译文不能译成 文皱皱的书面体；原作是文雅的，译文不能是粗俗的；原文富有西方色彩，译 文不能冠以东方色彩。反之亦然。 所谓通顺，指译文语言必须通顺易懂，符合规范。译文必须是明白、流畅的， 而不应该是晦涩拗口的。译文中不得有文理不通，逻辑混乱的现象。但须指出， 译文的通顺程度要和原文的通顺程度相应或一致。例如在文艺作品中，作者有 时故意采用一些非规范语言以刻画人物或渲染气氛，译文就不能片面追求通顺 而加以改变，应尽可能体现原作的语言特征或风格，这正是忠实的具体体现。 忠实与通顺是相辅相成的。忠而不顺，读者读不懂，也就谈不上忠；顺而不忠， 丢失原作风格与内容，通顺也就失去了作用，使翻译成了编译或乱译。忠实是
in terms of style.”
2.翻译的标准 翻译标准，是翻译活动所必须遵循的准绳 ，是衡量译文 质量的尺度，是翻译工作者不断努力以期达到的目标。 要确立翻译标准，首先必须分析翻译的对象，即原作。 原作包括两个方面：内容与形式。内容指原作中所叙述 的事实，说明的事理，描写的人、物，以及所反映出来 的作者的思想、感情、态度、观点和立场。形式指语言 形式，即作者所使用的词汇、语法、修辞手段等的总和。 内容和形式是相互联系、相互制约的。内容决定形式， 形式影响内容。
3.翻译的过程 3.1 原文的理解 3.2 语言的表达
3.1 原文的理解 1.语义的理解
Example:
1.We eat what we can and what we can’t we can. 能吃的我们就吃，不能吃的我们就做成罐头。
李长栓《非文学翻译理论与实践》第2版翻译示例汇总(文学翻译与非文学翻译)【圣才出品】
李长栓《非文学翻译理论与实践》第2版翻译示例汇总第2章文学翻译与非文学翻译2.3.2文学翻译和非文学翻译比较Als der sechzehnjahrige Karl Rossmann,der von seinen armen Eltern nach Amerika geschickt worden war,weil ihn ein Dienstmadchen verfuhrt und ein Kind von ihm bekommen hatte,in dem schon langsam gewordenen Schiff in den Hafen von New York einfuhr,erblickte er die schon langst beobachtete Statue der Freiheitsgottin wie in einem plotzlich starker gewordenen Sonnenlicht.Ihr Armmit dem Schwert ragte wie neuerdings empor,und um ihre Gestalt wehten die freien Liifte.【小说译文】As the sixteen year old Karl Rossmann,who had been sent to America by his poor parents,because a maid had seduced him and had got a child by him, landed after the boat had slowed down,in New York harbour,he saw the goddess of liberty which he had observed for a long time standing in the sunlight,which had suddenly become stronger.As though just recently her arm with the sword towered above him,and around her figure blew the fresh breezes.【解析】纽马克认为，如果译者认为读者可能会忽视或误解自由女神手中的“剑”，译者应该加一个脚注，首先说明剑的象征意义(侵略性)，然后说明，自由女神手中拿的其实不是一把剑，而是火炬，象征对难民的欢迎。
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廉洁的遗嘱
1925年2月24日，国父孙中山病逝时，留下一段《家事遗嘱》：“余因尽瘁国事，不治家产。
其所遗之书籍、衣物、住宅等均付吾妻宋庆龄，以为纪念。
余之儿女已长成能自立，望各自爱，以继余志。
此嘱。
”
中山先生艰苦奋斗40年，功勋卓然。
但终生廉洁，从未为自己和子女亲属置办过田地遗产。
他任过国家临时大总统，官可谓高矣，然而从不追求俸禄。
临终留下的遗物只有生前的一些衣物、2，000多本书籍杂志，还有一所旅居加拿大的华侨为他募捐的住宅。
A Testament of Probity
On February 24 1925, Sun Yat-sen, the founder of the Republic of China, passed away out of disease, leaving a testament to his families. “For a full commitment to the country cause, I left no savings for you. All my belongings of books, clothes and an apartment will be given to my wife Soong Qing-ling as a commemoration. As for my son and daughter who are already grown-up enough for self independence, my entire wish is your self-respects. ”
Mr. Sun Yat-sen devoted himself to China’s revolution cause for 40 years with remarkable contributions, during which never had he purchased any property for himself or his family members. Nor did he ever chase for the emolument in quite a high-rank position as the temporary president of the Republic of China. All he left before death were several clothes, 2000 books and an apartment coming from donations of a chinese resident in Canada.
分析：“国父孙中山”不能照字面翻译，国父特制“中华民国的创始人”。
“国家临时大总统”要译成“中华名过临时大总统”才确切。
要适当解释孙中山先生艰苦奋斗四十年是为了什么目的。
从“从未为自己和子女”到“从不追求俸禄”这几句话在英文的表述中应体现一定的强语势，从“临终留下的遗物”至结束这一句译文挺体现与前面内容在逻辑霍桑的关联性。