天津市2021届塘沽第一中学 高三第一学期第一次月考
塘沽一中2021 届高三毕业班第一次月考第Ⅰ卷第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45 分）第一节：单项填空（共15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分15 分）从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.---Could we put off the meeting? Sheasked.--- , he answered politely. This is the only day everyone isavailable.A.NotlikelyB.NotexactlyC.NotnearlyD. Notreally2.Catherine, the alarm clock for 6 o’clock, or you would oversleep and be late for thetrain.A.settingB.setsC.setD. toset3.Thebuilding,from top visitors can enjoy a good view of Sanya, attracts hundreds of tourists everyday.A.whichB.whoseC.itsD. where4.John in the United States for decades, but in the past year he has already adapted to living inChina.A.waslivingB.hadlivedC.haslivedD. lived5.This article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports,each one major point in contrast with the other.A.makesB.madeC.makingD. is tomake6.---Why so serious,dear?---Nothing. I am just thinking abouttheproblem tomorrow.A.discussedB. willbediscussedC. tobediscussedD. beingdiscussed7.Some parents are just too protective. They wantto their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.A.spotB.dismissC.distinguishD. shelter8.A identification card is required when you purchase foreign money from Bank ofChina.A.beneficialB.effectiveC.validD. flexible9.---When are you going to return mynovel?---Don’tworry.You have your book soon, Ipromise.A.shallB.shouldC.mayD. must10.---I like staying at home, watching TV or surfing the Internet all day onSundays.---That’s I don’t agree. I think you’d better go out for awalk.A.whereB.howC.whenD. what11.---It is said that J.K Rolling is coming to our school. Are you coming to herspeech?--- . I can’twait.A.It’s a dealB. YoubetC. It is upto youD. Of coursenot12.I still remember the accident andthetroubles has caused tome.A.whichB.whatC.itD. when13.I wonder whenitwas you cametorealize his wordsmeant.A.that;whatB.what;thatC.what;whatD. that;which14.Only when be possible to sign thepapers.A.does the lawyer comewill itB. the lawyer comes itwillC. has the lawyer comeit willD. the lawyer comes willit15.---Where are we going fordinner?---I don’t mind wherewego there is my favorite foodsushi.A.incaseB. assoonasC. nowthatD. so long as第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题 1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35 各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
When I was a child my father taught me five words that I've used all my life---in my acting career, as a mother, in my business activities. If I 16that I was afraid of the dark, or if I seemed worried about meeting new people, Dad would say, "Stand porter to your 17."A porter is a gatekeeper, who stands at a door 18people in or out. Dad would get me to 19myself stopping destructive things---such as fear---at the door, 20saying "Come in" to faith, love and self-assurance.As a (n) 21, before I went on camera, I'd make sure anxiety stayed out and confidence in my ability came in. As a mother, when I was 22about my children, I would try not to let worry in but would 23my mind with trust in them.Of course, there were always times I'd 24those words.In 1972, my husband, Fillmore Crank, and I opened the doors to our own 25in North Hollywood. This was a new business venture for us, and it was a lot more 26and complicated than we had 27.We were on call 24 hours a day. Something was always going 28. Electricity went on the blink, food wasn't delivered, employees called in sick. Once, a flu epidemic 29left us with no maids (佣人). Fillmore gave me a 30: scrub floors or do the laundry. For 10 days I folded enough king-size sheets to 31the whole state of California.Then there was the 32crisis. The price of gasoline doubled, and tourism in California 33. How could we fill our beds? What if we kept losing money? What if we failed? Fear and worry were sneaking in. But I caught them just 34.I stood porter. I stood in the door of my mind and sent fear packing.These days at the hotel, whenever fear tries to 35, I just smile and point to the sign that reads No Vacancy.plained17.A.future18.A.letting19.A.busy B. announcedB. valueB. urgingB. involveC. recalledC. familyC. invitingC. sendD. decidedD. studioD. observingD. picture20. A. so B. and C. but D. or21. A. official B. actress C. maid D. manager22. A. serious B. curious C. anxious D. cautious23. A. fill B. change C. read D. ease24. A. eat B. twist C. exchange D. forget25. A. clinic B. hotel C. laundry D. restaurant26. A. promising B. demanding C. convincing D. boring27. A. figured B. confirmed C. admitted D. suggested28. A. sour B. missing C. wrong D. pale29. A. hardly B. regularly C. specially D. suddenly30. A. warning B. command C. choice D. solution31. A. cook B. book C. mirror D. blanket32. A. credit B. energy C. identity D. family33. A. ceased B. recovered C. dropped D. boomed34. A. in time B. on purpose C. at random D. by chance35. A. split B. shelter C. withdraw D. register第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题 2.5分，满分50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
2021届天津市第一中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题(解析版)
『解析』考查固定短语和动词时态。句意：她一坐下来我就问她那个事情了。No sooner…than…意为“一……就……”，no sooner后的主句用过去完成时she had settled，than后的从句用一般过去时；如no sooner放在句首表示强调时，则主句要部分倒装，即将had提到主语前，变为had she settled，从句保持不变。故选B项。
A. or ratherB. rather thanC. other thanD. more than
『答案』B
『解析』考查固定短语辨析。句意：遗憾的是，在世界苦难深重之时，美国却进行口水战，而不是与中国共同抗击新冠肺炎。A. or rather倒不如说；B. rather than而不是；C. other than除了，不同于；D. more than不只是，超出。根据“It is a pity to see the US engage in a war of words”可知此处表示“而不是与中国共同抗击新冠肺炎”，应用rather than。故选B。
13. In my opinion, all Mr. White ________ good to his students in his class at present. He is very strict in their study.
A. does does doesB. does do do
7. No sooner________ herself in her seat ________ I asked her about the matter.
A. she has settled; beforeB. had she settled; than
C. has she settled; whenD. she had settled; than
天津市滨海新区塘沽第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期第一次月考数学试卷
天津市滨海新区塘沽第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期第一次月考数学试卷一、单选题1．已知集合{}R 13P x x =∈≤≤，{}2R 4Q x x =∈≥，则()R P Q =U ð（ ）A ．{}2x x >B ．{}23x x -<≤C ．{}12x x ≤<D ．{}21x x x ≤-≥或2．设x ∈R ，则“1x <”是“ln 0x <”的（ ） A ．充分不必要条件 B ．必要不充分条件 C ．充要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件3．函数y =2sin 2x x 的图象可能是A ．B ．C ．D ．4．已知角α的顶点为坐标原点，始边与x 轴的非负半轴重合，终边上有两点()1A a ，，()2B b ，，且2cos23α=，则a b -=A ．15B C D ．15．某校为了了解学生的课外阅读情况，随机调查了50名学生，得到他们在某一天各自课外阅读所用时间的数据，结果用下面的条形图表示．根据条形图可得这50名学生这一天平均每人的课外阅读时间为（ ）A ．0.6小时B ．0.9小时C ．1.0小时D ．1.5小时6．已知()1e ,1x -∈，记ln ln 1ln ,,e 2⎛⎫=== ⎪⎝⎭xx a x b c ，则,,a b c 的大小关系是（ ）A ．a c b <<B ．a b c <<C ．c b a <<D ．b c a <<7．等差数列 a n 的前n 项和为n S ，其中77S =，又2，1b ，2b ，3b ，8成等比数列，则2352b a a +的值是（ ） A ．4B ．4-C ．4或4-D ．28．已知函数()sin()f x A x B ωϕ=++(0,0,)2A πωϕ>><的部分图象如图所示，则下列正确个数有（ ）①()f x 关于点π(,3)6对称；②()f x 关于直线π3x =对称； ③()f x 在区间π5π[,]26上单调递减；④()f x 在区间5ππ(,)1212-上的值域为(1,3)． A ．1个B ．2个C ．3个D ．4个9．如图，在ABC V 中，π3BAC ∠=，2AD DB =u u ur u u u r ，P 为CD 上一点，且满足13AP mAC AB =+u u u r u u u r u u u r，若4AB AC ⋅=u u u r u u u r，则AP u u u r 的最小值为（ ）A ．2B ．3 CD ．32二、填空题10．已知i 是虚数单位，化简113i12i+-的结果为． 11．8⎛⎫的展开式中22x y 的系数为. 12．已知13a <<，则131a a a +--的最小值是. 13．甲罐中有4个红球、2个白球和2个黑球，乙罐中有4个红球、3个白球和2个黑球．先从甲罐中随机取出一球放入乙罐，再从乙罐中随机取出一球．以1A 表示由甲罐取出的球是红球的事件，以M 表示由乙罐取出的球是红球的事件，则()1P M A =；()P M =． 14．在梯形ABCD 中，AB CD ∥，且3AB C D =，M ，N 分别为线段DC 和AB 的中点，若AB a u u u r r=，AD b u u u r r =，用a r ，b r 表示MN =u u u u r .若MN BC ⊥u u u u r u u u r，则DAB ∠余弦值的最小值为.15．函数(){}2min 2,,2f x x x x =-+，其中{}min ,,x y z 表示x ，y ，z 中的最小者.若函数22()2()9y f x bf x b =-+-有12个零点，则b 的取值范围是.三、解答题16．ABC V 的内角A ，B ，C 的对边分别为a ，b ，c ，已知cos cos tan b C c B C +=. (1)求角C ；(2)若4b a =，ABC V 的面积为①求c②求()cos 2A C -.17．已知函数()4tan sin cos ππ23f x x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭(1)求()f x 的定义域与最小正周期；(2)讨论()f x 在区间ππ,44⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上的单调性.(3)若()065f x =，0π5π,122x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，求0sin2x 的值.18．在四棱锥P ABCD -中，PD ⊥平面ABCD ，//AB DC ，AB AD ⊥，112CD AD AB ===，45PAD ∠=o ，E 是PA 的中点，G 在线段AB 上，且满足CG BD ⊥.(1)求证：//DE 平面PBC ；(2)求平面GPC 与平面PBC 夹角的余弦值.(3)在线段PA 上是否存在点H ，使得GH 与平面PGCAH 的长；若不存在，请说明理由.19．已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，满足21n n S a =-，*n ∈N .数列{}n b 满足()()111n n nb n b n n +-+=+，*n ∈N ，且11b =.(1)证明数列n b n ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭为等差数列，并求数列{}n a 和{}n b 的通项公式；(2)若21n n d a -=数列{}n d 的前n 项和为n M ，对任意的*n ∈N ，都有22n3n n M S a >+，求实数a 的取值范围； (3)记11m m c a -=，{}m c 的前m 项和记为m T，是否存在m ，*N t ∈，使得111m m t T t T t c +-=-+成立？若存在，求出m ，t 的值；若不存在，请说明理由.20．已知函数()2e cos222xf x x x x =+++-.()()2ln 2g x a x x a x =+-+，其中R a ∈.(1)求()f x 在0x =处的切线方程，并判断()f x 零点个数. (2)讨论函数()g x 的单调性；(3)求证：()()ln 21f x x ≥+；。
天津市滨海新区塘沽第一中学2020-2021学年度高一上学期第一次月考试题 数学【解析版】
4.已知 ， ，则下列命题中，正确的是（）
A. B. C. D.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
通过反例可得B、C、D错误，利用不等式的性质可证明A成立，故可得正确的选项.
【详解】因为 ， ，由同向不等式的可加性得 ，故A正确.
则命题“ ”是真命题，
则 ，解得
则Hale Waihona Puke 数 的取值范围是故答案为【点睛】本题主要考的是命题的真假判断和应用，熟练掌握一元二次不等式的解集与判别式的关系是解题的关键，属于基础题．
14.下列命题中：①若 ， ，则 ；②“ ”是“ ”的充分不必要条件；③若 ，则 ；④“ ”是“ ”的必要不充分条件，上述命题中正确命题的序号______.
又 恒成立，所以只需 ，解得 .
故选：A.
【点睛】本题主要考查由不等式恒成立求参数的问题，考查由基本不等式求最值，以及一元二次不等式的解法，属于常考题型.
二.填空题（每小题5分，共30分）
11.满足关系式 的集合 的个数是__________.
【答案】4
【解析】
【分析】
列举出满足题意的集合A即得解.
【详解】（1）当 时， ，
所以 或 ，
又 ，所以 ， ；
（2）因为 ，所以 ，解得 ；
即实数 的取值范围是 ；
（3）因为 ，
当 ，则 ，即 ；
当 ，则 或 ，解得 ；
综上，实数 的取值范围是 .
【点睛】本题考查集合的并集、交集、以及补集运算，考查已知集合的包含关系求参数，考查由集合的交集结果求参数，属于基础题型.
取 ， ，则 ， 成立，
天津市第一中学2020-2021学年高三上学期第一次月考物理【试卷+答案】
上最轻材料的纪录，弹性和吸油能力令人惊喜。这种被称为“全碳气凝胶”的固态材料密
1 度仅是空气密度的 。设气凝胶的密度为ρ(单位为
kg/m3)，摩尔质量为
M(单位为
6
kg/mol)，阿伏加德罗常数为 NA，则下列说法正确的是( )
a A．a 千克气凝胶所含分子数为 n＝ NA
M
M B．气凝胶的摩尔体积为 Vmol＝
8．某动车组列车以平均速度 v 行驶，从甲地到乙地的时间为 t。该列车以速度 v0 从甲地出
发匀速前进，途中接到紧急停车命令后紧急刹车，列车减速到 v=0 后又立即匀加速到 v0，
继续匀速前进。从开始刹车至加速到 v0 的时间是 t0(列车刹车过程与加速过程中的加速度
大小相等)，若列车仍要在 t 时间内到达乙地。则动车组列车匀速运动的速度 v0 应为( )
B．一定量的某种理想气体的内能只与温度有关
C．热量可以由低温物体传递到高温物体
D．第一类永动机不可能制成，是因为违反了能量守恒定律
2．一定质量的理想气体，经历从状态
的一个循环，在
此循环过程中气体的压强 p 与温度 T 的关系如图所示。下列说法不．正．确．的
是
A. 从状态
的过程中，每个气体分子的动能都在增大
天津一中 2020-2021-1 高三年级 物理学科一月考试卷 本试卷分为第 I 卷（选择题）、第 II 卷（非选择题）两部分，共 100 分，考试用时 60 分钟。考生务必将答案涂写规定的位置上，答在试卷上的无效。 祝各位考生考试顺利!
第I卷
一、单项选择题
1．下列说法不正确的是(
)
A．布朗运动就是液体分子的热运动
11．两分子间的斥力和引力的合力 F 与分子间距离 r 的关系如图中曲线所示，曲线与 r 轴
天津市第一中学2021届高三上学期第一次月考数学试题及参考答案
天津一中2020-2021-1高三年级数学学科一月考试卷本试卷分为第I 卷（选择题）、第II 卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分，考试用时120分钟。
第I 卷 1 页，第II 卷 至 2 页。
考生务必将答案涂写在规定的位置上，答在试卷上的无效。
一．选择题1．已知全集U =R ，{}|0A x x =>，{}|1B x x =>-，则()⋂=U C A B （ ） A．(]1,0-B．()1,1-C．()1,-+∞D．[)0,12．“(1)(1)0b a -⋅->”是“log 0a b >”成立的 （ ） A．充分不必要条件 B．必要不充分条件 C．充要条件 D．既不充分也不必要条件 3．已知3log 5a =，0.23b -=， 1.23c =，则 （ ） A．b c a <<B．b a c <<C．a c b <<D．a b c <<4．函数()()2xf x x tx e =+（实数t 为常数，且0t <）的图象大致是 （ ）A． B． C．D．5．若0,2πα⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭，且2cos 2sin 4παα⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭，则sin 2α的值为 （ ）A．18B．38C．12D．786．为支援湖北抗击新冠疫情，无锡市某医院欲从6名医生和4名护士中抽选3人（医生和护士均至少有一人）分配到A ，B ，C 三个地区参加医疗救援（每个地区一人），方案要求医生不能去A 地区，则分配方案共有 （ ） A．264种B．224种C．250种D．236种7．已知函数21()sin cos 2f x x x x x =++，则不等式(23)(1)0f x f +-<的解集为（ ）A．(2,)-+∞B．(1,)-+∞C．(2,1)--D．(,1)-∞-8．设函数()21,25,2x x f x x x ⎧-⎪=⎨-+>⎪⎩ ，若互不相等的实数,,a b c 满足()()()f a f b f c ==，则222a b c ++的取值范围是 （ ）A．()16,32 B．()18,34 C．()17,35 D．()6,79. 已知函数13,(1,0](),()()1,1]1,(0,1]且在(⎧-∈-⎪==---+⎨⎪∈⎩x f x g x f x mx m x x x 内有且仅有两个不同的零点，则实数的取值范围是 （ ）A．91(,2](0,]42--⋃ B．111(,2](0,]42--⋃ C．92(,2](0,]43--⋃ D．112(,2](0,]43--⋃二．填空题10．设复数z 满足()25z i +=，则z i -= ．11．已知甲乙两组数据的茎叶图如图所示，若甲的众数与乙的中位数相等，则图中x 的值为 ．12．命题“2 230x R ax ax ∀∈-+>，恒成立”是假命题，则实数a 的取值范围是 ． 13．已知1cos 4α=，则sin(2)2πα-= ．14.在5212-⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭x x 的二项展开式中，x 的系数为 ．15．设函数()21722,04,0⎧+⎛⎫-+≤⎪ ⎪=⎝⎭⎨⎪>⎩k x x f x x x ，()40)3＝-（⎛⎫> ⎪⎝⎭g x k x k ，若存在唯一的整数x 使得()()<f x g x ，则实数k 的取值范围是 ．三．解答题16．在∆ABC 中，角,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c．已知cos )cos a C c A =-． （1）求A；（2）若a b ==（ⅰ）求边c 的值 ； （ⅱ）求ABC 的面积．17．随着马拉松运动在全国各地逐渐兴起，参与马拉松训练与比赛的人数逐年增加．为此，某市对参加马拉松运动的情况进行了统计调査，其中一项是调査人员从参与马拉松运动的人中随机抽取100人，对其每月参与马拉松运动训练的天数进行统计，得到以下统计表；平均每月进行训练的天数x5x ≤520x <<20x ≥人数106030（1）以这100人平均每月进行训练的天数位于各区间的频率代替该市参与马拉松训练的人平均每月进行训练的天数位于该区间的概率．从该市所有参与马拉松训练的人中随机抽取4个人，求恰好有2个人是“平均每月进行训练的天数不少于20天”的概率； （2）依据统计表，用分层抽样的方法从这100个人中抽取20个，再从抽取的20个人中随机抽取4个，Y 表示抽取的是“平均每月进行训练的天数不少于20天”的人数，求Y 的分布列及数学期望()E Y ．18．如图，在四棱锥P ABCD -中，PA ⊥平面ABCD ，四边形ABCD 是矩形，2PA AB ==，4=AD ，E 是PB 的中点，AF PC ⊥，垂足为F .（1）证明：//PD 平面ACE . （2）求点F 到平面PAB 的距离； （3）求二面角--A EF C 的正弦值. 19．已知函数()ln 1a f x x x=--. （1）若曲线()y f x =存在斜率为-1的切线，求实数a 的取值范围； （2）求函数()f x 的单调区间； （3）设函数()ln x ag x x+=，求证：当10a -<<时， ()g x 在()1,+∞上存在极小值.20．已知函数1()(ln )x f x xea x x -=-+，a R ∈.（1）当=1a 时，求函数()f x 的单减区间； （2）若()f x 存在极小值，求实数a 的取值范围； （3）设0x 是()f x 的极小值点，且0()0f x ≥，证明：()()230002f x x x ≥-.参考答案 一、单选题 1．A 2．B 3．B4．B 【解析】 【分析】先由函数零点的个数排除选项A,C;再结合函数的单调性即可得到选项. 【详解】由f（x）=0得x 2+tx=0，得x=0或x=-t，即函数f（x）有两个零点，排除A，C， 函数的导数f′（x）=（2x+t）e x +（x 2+tx）e x =[x 2+（t+2）x+t]e x ， 当x→-∞时，f′（x）＞0，即在x 轴最左侧，函数f（x）为增函数，排除D， 故选B． 5．D 6．A 【解析】 【分析】分类计数，考虑选取1名医生2名护士和选取2名医生1名护士两类情况求解. 【详解】当选取的是1名医生2名护士，共有126436C C =种选法，分配到A ，B ，C 三个地区参加医疗救援（每个地区一人），方案要求医生不能去A 地区，共有2224A =种，即一共364144⨯=种方案；当选取的是2名医生1名护士，共有216460C C =种选法，分配到A ，B ，C 三个地区参加医疗救援（每个地区一人），方案要求医生不能去A 地区，共有222A =种，即一共602120⨯=种方案.综上所述：分配方案共有264种. 故选：A 7．C 【解析】 【分析】根据条件先判断函数是偶函数，然后求函数的导数，判断函数在[0，)+∞上的单调性，结合函数的奇偶性和单调性的关系进行转化求解即可． 【详解】解：2211()sin()cos()sin cos ()22f x x x x x x x x x f x -=--+-+=++=， 则()f x 是偶函数，()sin cos sin cos (1cos )f x x x x x x x x x x x '=+-+=+=+， 当0x 时，()0f x ' ，即函数在[0，)+∞上为增函数，则不等式(23)(1)0f x f +-<得()()231f x f +<，即()()|23|1f x f +<，则|23|1x +<，得1231x -<+<，得21x -<<-， 即不等式的解集为(2,1)--， 故选：C ． 【点睛】本题主要考查不等式的求解，结合条件判断函数的奇偶性和单调性，利用函数奇偶性和单调性的关系进行转化是解决本题的关键．属于中档题． 8．B 【解析】 【分析】画出函数()f x 的图象，不妨令a b c <<，则222a b +=．结合图象可得45c <<，从而可得结果． 【详解】画出函数()f x 的图象如图所示．不妨令a b c <<，则1221a b -=-，则222a b +=． 结合图象可得45c <<，故16232c <<． ∴1822234a b c <++<．选B． 【点睛】数形结合是根据数量与图形之间的对应关系，通过数与形的相互转化来解决数学问题的一种重要思想方法，.函数图象是函数的一种表达形式，它形象地揭示了函数的性质，为研究函数的数量关系提供了“形”的直观性．归纳起来，图象的应用常见的命题探究角度有：1、确定方程根的个数；2、求参数的取值范围；3、求不等式的解集；4、研究函数性质． 9．A 【解析】 【详解】 【分析】试题分析：令，分别作出与的图像如下，由图像知是过定点的一条直线，当直线绕着定点转动时，与图像产生不同的交点.当直线在轴和直线及切线和直线之间时，与图像产生两个交点，此时或故答案选A .考点：1.函数零点的应用；2.数形结合思想的应用.10． 11．412．30a a ≥<或 13．78- 14．-40 15．17[3,6] 【解析】 【分析】根据分段函数的解析式画出图像,再根据存在唯一的整数x 使得()()f x g x <数形结合列出临界条件满足的关系式求解即可. 【详解】解： 函数()21722,04,0k x x f x x x ⎧+⎛⎫-+≤⎪ ⎪=⎝⎭⎨⎪>⎩,且0,k ＞ 画出()f x 的图象如下：因为()43g x k x ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,且存在唯一的整数,x 使得()()f x g x <, 故()g x 与()f x 在0x <时无交点,174k k +∴≥,得173k ≥；又()43g x k x ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,()g x ∴过定点4,03⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭ 又由图像可知,若存在唯一的整数x 使得()()f x g x <时43x >,所以2x ≥()()58533939g k f ≥≥=＝,∴存在唯一的整数3,x =使得()()f x g x <所以()()22243g k f =≤=6k ⇒≤ ()()844163g k f ∴≤=＝6k ⇒≤.根据图像可知,当4x ≥时, ()()f x g x >恒成立.综上所述, 存在唯一的整数3,x =使得()()f x g x <,此时1763k ≤≤ 故答案为：17[3,6]【点睛】本题主要考查了数形结合分析参数范围的问题,需要根据题意分别分析定点4,03⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭右边的整数点中3x =为满足条件的唯一整数,再数形结合列出2,4x =时的不等式求k 的范围.属于难题.16．（1）45A ︒=；（2）6.sin cos cos sin cos sin cos cos 245(2)sin 5sin sin()1sin sin 62A C A CB A B B A A A b ABC A a c A B A ab C ===︒∆===+===（1）+17．222441442013642022614420303(20)10010331323()()(110105000(2)5,25201220:6100148452184()4845136()p x p A C x x x C C C C p C C C p C ≥===-=≤<<≥=====（1）记“平均每月进行训练的天数不少于20天”为事件A 由题意，分别抽取人，：人，人Y的所有可能取值为0,1,2,3,4p(Y=0)=Y=1Y=2316144204642054845280()484515()4845C C p C C p C ====Y=3Y=4∴Y 的分布列 Y 0 1 2 3 4 P 10014845 21844845 13654845 2804845 154845581461.248455==EY=18．1//2//(2,4,2)(2ABCD O BD EO PDEO ACE PD ACE PD ACE FPF PC F λλ∴∴⊂⊄∴⊥∴=-∴（1）连BD交于AC于O，连EO 矩形为中点又面平面（2）PA 平面ABCD ABCD为矩形PA，AB，AD两两垂直如图连系，则A(0,0,0)D（0,4,0）B(2,0,0)C(2,4,0)E(1,0,1)P(0,0,2)由题意设（x,y,z）设（x,y,z-2）=,4,22)022442(22)016125(,,)333,||23||F PAB AF PC F PAB AD AF AD AB λλλλλλλ--⋅=∴⋅+⋅--=∴=∴=∴⋅==又平面的一个法向量为（0,40）点F到平面PAB的距离d(3)(,,)0025003331(1,2,1)(,,)040200(1,0,1)||cos AEF n x y z x z n AE x y z n AF x n EFC m x y z m EC x y z x y z m FC m A EF C m n αα=+=⎧⎧⋅=⎪⎪⎨⎨++=⋅=⎪⎪⎩⎩=∴=-=⎧⋅=+-=⎧⎪⎨⎨+-=⋅=⎩⎪⎩∴=∴--⋅=设平面的法向量为则即令设平面的法向量为则即二面角为0||||sin 1m n α=⋅∴=19．(1) (),0-∞.(2)答案见解析；(3)证明见解析. 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 试题分析：（1）求出函数的导数，问题转化为20x x a ++=存在大于0的实数根，根据2y x x a =++在0x >时递增，求出a 的范围即可；（2）求出函数的导数，通过讨论a 的范围，判断导数的符号，求出函数的单调区间即可；（3）求出函数()g x ，根据()0af e e=->，得到存在0(1,)x e ∈，满足00()g x '=，从而让得到函数单调区间，求出函数的极小值，证处结论即可. 试题解析：（1）由()ln 1a f x x x=--得()221'(0)a x af x x x x x +=+=>.由已知曲线()y f x =存在斜率为-1的切线，所以()'1f x =-存在大于零的实数根，即20x x a ++=存在大于零的实数根，因为2y x x a =++在0x >时单调递增，所以实数a 的取值范围(),0-∞. （2）由()2',0,x af x x a R x+=>∈可得 当0a ≥时， ()'0f x >，所以函数()f x 的增区间为()0,∞+；当0a <时，若(),x a ∈-+∞， ()'0f x >，若()0,x a ∈-， ()'0f x <，所以此时函数()f x 的增区间为(),a -+∞，减区间为()0,a -.（3）由()ln x ag x x+=及题设得()()()()22ln 1'ln ln ax f x x g x x x --==， 由10a -<<可得01a <-<，由（2）可知函数()f x 在(),a -+∞上递增，所以()110f a =--<，取x e =，显然1e >，()ln 10a af e e e e=--=->，所以存在()01,x e ∈满足()00f x =，即存在()01,x e ∈满足()0'0g x =，所以()g x ， ()'g x 在区间（1，+∞）上的情况如下： x 0(1,x ） 0x 0(+x ，）∞ ()'g x － 0 + ()g x ↘ 极小 ↗所以当-1<a<0时，g（x）在（1，+∞）上存在极小值.点睛：导数是研究函数的单调性、极值(最值)最有效的工具，而函数是高中数学中重要的知识点，所以在历届高考中，对导数的应用的考查都非常突出 ，本专题在高考中的命题方向及命题角度 从高考来看，对导数的应用的考查主要从以下几个角度进行： (1)考查导数的几何意义，往往与解析几何、微积分相联系. (2)利用导数求函数的单调区间，判断单调性；已知单调性，求参数. (3)利用导数求函数的最值(极值)，解决生活中的优化问题. (4)考查数形结合思想的应用. 20．(1)当a=1时/11/1()(1)(0)()1()(0,1)(1)0()0(0,1)()(0,1)x x x f x xe x xg x x e g x g f x x f x --+=->=⋅-↑=<∈↓令在且在（2）由（1）知0100x x ea --=，即010x a x e -=.所以00ln ln 1a x x =+-，()()0100001ln x f x x e x x -=--.由()00f x ≥，得001ln 0x x --≥.令()1ln g x x x =--，显然()g x 在区间()0,∞+上单调递减.又()10g =，所以由()00f x ≥，得001x <≤.令()ln 1(0)H x x x x =-->，()111'1x x H x x x x--=-==， 当1x >时，()'0H x >，函数()H x 单调递增； 当01x <<时，()'0H x <，函数()H x 单调递减；所以，当1x =时，函数()H x 取最小值()10H =，所以()ln 10H x x x =--≥，即1ln x x -≥，即1x e x -≥， 所以0100x ex -≥>，()()000001ln 11210x x x x x --≥---=-≥，所以()()()()01223000000001ln 212x f x x e x x x x x x -=--≥⋅-=-，即()()230002fx x x ≥-.【点睛】本题考查了导数在研究函数单调性、极值和最值中的综合应用，利用导数证明不等式成立，变换过程复杂，需要很强的逻辑推理第一中学。
2021届天津一中高三一月考试卷及解析
列出临界条件满足的关系式求解即可. 【详解】
解：
函数
f
x
2
k
17 4
x
2
,
x
0
,且 k＞0,
x
2
,
x
0
画出 f x 的图象如下：
试卷第 6 页，总 15 页
因为
g
x
k
x
4 3
,且存在唯一的整数
x,
使得
f
x
g
x
,
故 g x 与 f x 在 x 0 时无交点,
k k 17 ,得 k 17 ；
中随机抽取 3 个， Y 表示抽取的是“平均每月进行训练的天数不少于 20 天”的人数，
求 Y 的分布列及数学期望 E Y
【答案】（1） 27 ；（2）分布列详见解析，数学期望 E Y 3 ．
128
4
【解析】
【分析】
（1）由题意可得 P x 20 25 ，由二项分布的概率公式即可得解；
100
加医疗救援（每个地区一人），方案要求医生不能去 A 地区，共有2A22 4 种，即一共 36 4 144种方案；
当选取的是 2 名医生 1 名护士，共有C62C41 60 种选法，分配到 A，B，C 三个地区参
加医疗救援（每个地区一人），方案要求医生不能去 A 地区，共有 A22 2 种，即一共
试卷第 5 页，总 15 页
a0
{
4a2
12a
0
，解得
a
0
或
a
3
.
考点：1、命题；2、一元二次不等式.
【方法点晴】全称命题“ x M ， p x ”的否定为“ x M ，p x ”，当全称命题为
塘沽一中2021-2022学年度高三年级模拟考试(一)语文试卷
塘沽一中2021-2022学年度高三年级模拟考试(一)语文试卷一、（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
吃喝当然是人生一大乐事，如果生活在太空，我们还能愉快地享用大餐吗？最早的太空餐是让人的“牙膏”：宇航员从管子里面挤出半流体的食物，不需要咀嚼便直接咽下去，没有咀嚼的快感，没有多样的选择，首代宇航员的饮食条件相当艰苦。
然而，吃货的生产力，很快，人们就发明了种种能在无重力环境中使用的餐具，甚至还有咖啡杯和煎锅。
如今，宇航员们已能在太空中自如地使用各种餐具，与地面用餐相当接近。
与此同时，太空食品的种类也丰富起来。
正因为目前国际空间站中有上百种餐品，使得宇航员可以自由选择自己的用餐计划——然而这一用餐计划是每八天循环一次的。
而且宇航员们还在不停地开发新的太空料理：小饼干、寿司、花生酱冰棍，甚至是“昨天的咖啡”——采访中一位航天飞机的指挥官曾自豪地展示过一批再生水，而原料是什么，自然。
然而，制订太空莱谱仍然受到很大的限制。
大部分蔬果在宇宙中最多只能保持两天鲜度，空间站中新鲜食品，绝大多数食品只能脱水或加工成罐头运上太空。
目前科学家们正想方设法解决这一难题。
1.依次填入文中横线上的词语，全都恰当的一项是（）A.踌躇不前不胜枚举心照不宣极其稀缺B.望而却步不胜枚举不言而喻寥寥无几C.踌躇不前不可低估心照不宣寥寥无几D.望而却步不可低估不言而喻极其稀缺2.文中画横线的句子有语病，下列修改最恰当的一项是（）A.目前国际空间站中有上百种餐品，这使得宇航员可以自由选择自己的用餐计划——然而这一用餐计划是每八天循环一次的。
B.目前国际空间站中有上百种餐品，宇航员可以自由选择自己的用餐计划——虽然这一用餐计划是每八天循环一次的。
C.正因为目前国际空间站中有上百种餐品，使得宇航员可以自由选择自己的用餐计划——虽然这一用餐计划是每八天循环一次的。
D.正因为目前国际空间站中有上百种餐品，所以宇航员可以自由选择自己的用餐计划——然而这一用餐计划是每八天循环一次的。
2021届天津市塘沽区第一中学高三英语月考试题及答案
2021届天津市塘沽区第一中学高三英语月考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFind Your Chicago Architecture TourChicago is known around the world for its architecture. Whether you tour downtown or a neighborhood, our guides will tell you the stories behind the buildings.Must-see ChicagoMust-see Chicago is a fast-paced, 90-minute tour to Chicago featuring(以…为特色) some of its most famous buildings, including the Wrigley Building, Tribune Tower and more! Get a brief overview of more than a dozen buildings—as well as Chicago landmarks like Millennium Park, the Loop and the Chicago River.Duration: 1.5 hoursPrice: $ 26 public, free for CAC membersArchitecture HighlightsDiscover the exciting diversity(多样性) of Chicago architecture, which traces the city’s development from its founding through present day. We cover about 30 miles of Chicago design, passing through the Loop and the Gold Coast, as well as Hyde Park and other areas of the South Side. We’ll see two university campuses and several parks.Duration: 3.5 hoursPrice: $ 55 public, free for CAC membersHistoric Treasures of Chicago’s Golden AgeLearn about the great architectural landmarks of Michigan Avenue and State Street, with views inside beautiful buildings from the 1890s〜1930s. The most memorable parts include the amazing interiors(内部) of the Palmer House Hotel and the Chicago Cultural Center.Duration: 2 hoursPrice: $ 26 public, free for CAC membersElevated Architecture: Downtown “L” TrainExplore Chicago’s amazing architecture from the unique view of elevated trains and station platforms. Learn the history behind the famous “L” system and hear how it has shaped the development of buildings within theLoop. The city’s first elevated train started making trips in 1892. Now considered one of Chicago’s most wonderful features, the “L” offers impressive views of downtown.Duration: 2 hoursPrice: $ 26 public, free for CAC members1.Which tour can you choose if you want to see Millennium Park?A.Must-see Chicago.B.Historic Treasures of Chicago’s Golden AgeC.Architecture Highlights.D.Elevated Architecture：Downtown “L” Train.2.When visiting Architecture Highlights, a couple should pay ______.A.$55B.$ 110C.$ 165D.$ 2203.What can you see on the third tour?A.The Chicago River.B.The Gold Coast.C.The elevated trains.D.The Palmer House Hotel.BIf you ever find yourself trapped in the wilderness without food, you'llhave to figure out how to feed yourself. Many plants in the wild areedible, but many are also poisonous. So it is necessary to learn how to determine whether the plants you find can be eaten safely.Avoid using this method without careful planning. Some plants can be deadly, and even if you follow these guidelines perfectly, there is always a chance that a plant will make you seriously ill. Prepare yourself for wilderness outings by learning about the local plants, and carry a guidebook to help you identify plants. Even if you are unprepared and cannot find food you know to be safe, remember that, depending on your activity level, the human body can go for days without food, and you’re better off being hungry than being poisoned.Testing the plant in your mouth is dangerous, so go forward very slowly and carefully. First, hold a small portion of the prepared plant part against your lip for 3 minutes. Do not put the plant in your mouth. If you notice any burning, tingling (刺痛), or other reactions, discontinue testing. Second, place another small portion of the plant part on your tongue. Hold the plant on your tongue without chewing for 15 minutes. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Third, chew the plant and holdit in your mouth for 15 minutes. Chew the plant well, and do not swallow. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Fourth, swallow the small portion of the plant. Wait 8 hours. Do not eat or drink anything during this period except purified water. If you feel sick, immediately throwup what you eat and drink plenty of water. If activated charcoal (活性炭) is available, take that with the water.4. What’s the meaning of the underlined world “edible” in paragraph 1?A. Suitable for using as food.B. Widely spread.C. Existing in large quantities.D. Not widely known.5. What can we know from paragraph 2?A. Planning is unnecessary when using the method.B. Not all plants in the wild can serve as food generally.C. Suffering hunger can be more dangerous than testing plants.D. Following the method perfectly can ensure safety.6. Which is the correct order of testing plants in the mouth?① wait and see ② chew it in the mouth③ put it on the tongue④ put it against lips ⑤ swallow itA. ③④②①⑤B. ④③②①⑤C. ③④②⑤①D.④③②⑤①7. Where might the passage come from?A. A student’s diary.B. A science report.C. A guide book for camping.D. A doctor’ s notebook.CUnderstanding the link between a clean environment and human life is not a new concept. In fact, it was noticed as early as ancient Rome. Today we see how green living has infiluenced our everyday lives. There is a growing community of people who embrace a zero waste lifestyle and make changes to the way they live to reduce their carbon footprint.Living a zero waste lifestyle means doing one’s best to achieve the aim of not sending anything to a landfill. People who adopt this lifestyle ultimately cut down on their waste by reducing what they need and want. They reuse what they own, sending few things to be recycled.Many people who adopt the zero waste lifestyle claim to be frustrated by the many harmful chemical substances found in beauty and cleaning products. They also find the uses of disposable items and excessive packaging. For example, how many times have we had to peel away layers of plastic wrap and cardboard before finally taking out the item which we had bought? Instead of buying pre-packed food and goods, those who identifywith the zero waste philosophy tend to shop in stores that allow them to make purchases and bring their own cloth bags and glass jars to store their purchases.Many people may have the misconception that it is easier to live a zero waste lifestyle in the West. Nevertheless, Malaysian environmental journalist, Ms. Aurora Tin, has proven that a zero waste lifestyle is possible even in the Asian context. Instead of going to the supermarket to buy pre-packaged foods, Ms. Tin now visits the wet market and brings her own bags for vegetables. She has even stopped using store-bought toothpaste and makes her own toothpaste from coconut oil and baking soda. This lifestyle may be too big a change for the average person, but we could follow her suit to make gradual changes to our own lives.8. Which of the following is a zero waste lifestyle?A. Bringing a resuable container to take away food.B. Choosing appliances that cost less money.C. Turning off a device to stop using power.D. Classifying the garbage before throwing it away.9. What may disappoint a person who adopts a zero waste lifestyle?A. Recycable carboard.B. Excessive packaging.C. Glass jars to store purchases.D. Natural substances in cleaning products.10. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. How do people live a zero waste lifestyle.B. Why Ms. Tin chooses to live a zero waste lifestyle..C. We can also practice a zero waste lifestyle in Asia.D. It is easy to live a zero waste lifestyle in the West.11. What is the best title of the passage?A. Living a zero waste lifestyle.B. Going green ismore than a fashion.C. A zero waste lifetyle is easy to achieve.D. Making environmentally-conscious decisions.DWhere doyou usually put your toothbrush?Do you keep it in the bathroom? How’s your toothbrush looking these days? Even if you can’t see it with a naked eye, experts say it may be saturated(使饱和)with millions of toilet germs!Dr. Charles Oerba, a germ expert, is amicrobiology professor at the University of Arizona. He says there are approximately 3 million bacteria per square inch in most toilet bowls, and every time you flush it without closing the lid, those millions of bacteria droplets spray into the air as far as twenty feet away and dirty everything in their path. And a common victim is your poor toothbrush, usually, left out on the bathroom sink, right?So, what do we do? Dr. Gerba says it’s easy. Close the toilet lid before you flush—that’ll greatly cut downthe germs, which will otherwise float in the air. And wash your toothbrush every few days in mouthwash or peroxide to get rid of any germs hiding in it. You can even put it through the dishwasher to sanitize(消毒)it. And always store your toothbrush in a closed cabinet.Here’s one more tip from Dr. Gerba, who says our kitchen sink is probably dirtier than our toilet. “If an alien came from space and studied the bacterial counts, he probably would conclude he should wash his hands in your toilet and go to the bathroom in your sink.” He says that’s because the kitchen sink is a great place where E. coli(大肠杆菌)to live and grow since it’s wet and damp. Bacteria feed on the food that people put down the drain or—that’s left on dishes in the sink. To reset your sink’s bacteria count back to zero, you’d better regularly wash it with hot water and sanitize yoursink with special chemicals. In fact, you may want to do it every day or before preparing dinner.12. What is the purpose of the text?A. To show how to brush your teeth.B. To tell people the importance of health.C. To warn people of the invisible germs.D. To introduce a microbiology professor.13. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A. Bathroom sinks are the dirtiest places.B. Bacteria are bad for people’s health.C. Why bacteria spread through the air.D. How bacteria spread in the bathroom.14. What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The food.B. The toothbrush.C. The sink.D. The chemical.15. Why does Dr. Gerba mention the example of an alien?A. To tell us a fiction story of an alien studying bacteria.B. To show our kitchen sink may be dirtier than our toilet.C. To teach us how to reset sink’s bacteria count back to zero.D. To prove coli prefers to live in the kitchen and the drain.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021届天津市塘沽区第一中学高三英语月考试卷及答案解析
2021届天津市塘沽区第一中学高三英语月考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe last thing Caitlin Hipp would have expected as she prepared to turn 28 years old was to be living at homewith her parents. But through working as a part-time skating instructor and restaurant server, she isn't able to earn enough to live anywhere other than home.To some degree, multigenerational households have always been a part of American life. However, the number of young adults who have been moving back in with their parents — or never leaving home in the first place — has been growing steadily.UBS Financial Services released a report that even suggests one reason for the growing number of young adultsstill living at home could be that their family doesn't want them to leave.The report shows that 74 percent of millennials (千禧一代)get some kind of financial support from their parents after college. It finds that millennials have redefined the ties that connect parents and children. Millennials see their parents as peers,friends and instructors. Nearly three quarters talked with their parents more than once a week during college. In return, their parents happily provide financial support well into adulthood, helping fund everything for them.Stuart Hoffman, chief economist for the PNC Financial Services Group in theUS, said the number of young adults striking out on their own fell during the Great Recession. Although job growth for millennials since 2014 has improved, that doesn't necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest. He said, “They may like living at home and being able to save money.“ There's no doubt it has held back household formation and purchases of things people spend money on related to household formation and perhaps related to child-raising," Hoffman explained. "But they are probably traveling more and eating out more if they don't have a house expense or marriage. I don't know if it represents a change in moral values. But it's much more common for adult children to live in their parents’ homes because it's becoming part of the culture.1. What can we learn from the UBS Financial Services' report?A. Millennials are on good terms with their parents.B. Millennials are financially independent after college.C. Parents are unwilling to give their young adults allowance.D. Parents want their kids to stay with them forever.2. What does Hoffman think of young adults' living at home?A. It increases the consumption of household products.B. It may continue despite job growth.C. It is a sign of shift in moral values.D. It is new in American culture.3. What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?A. To introduce millennials' living habits.B. To stress the importance of financial independence.C. To explain why American young adults still live at home.D. To inform people of a social trend in theUS.BElizabeth Bishop is considered one of the best American poets of the 20th century. She was born in Worcester, Massachusetts in 1911. Her dad died when she was just a baby and her mom never recovered from the loss. She went to live with her grandparents in Nova Scotia, Canada when she was five. Eventually Bishop attended Vassar College, where she began to write poetry.At Vassar she discovered Marianne Moore's poetry and met Ms Moore and began their life-long friendship. She later met poet Robert Lowell. She wrote tons and tons of letters to both of them, which is good for us because we would otherwise know very little of her personal life.Bishop published her first book of poetry in 1946 and wrote until her death in 1979. She would spend years working on a single poem. Her poems are not the result of hasty scribbling (匆忙乱写) on paper while eating breakfast. She would look through drafts of poems again and again and improve them until they were as close to perfect as she could get them.Reading Elizabeth Bishop is like being transported to the very place, the very moment she's writing about. She leads us to a microscope so we can see every smallest part of the scene. It seems that she's always asking us to notice more, and more until the poem is so clear in our minds that it's almost painful—like a light that's too bright.4. What do we know about Bishop's early life?A. She was mainly brought up by her grandparents.B. She spent her childhood mainly inWorcester.C. She was always encouraged by her parents.D. She started to write poems at five.5. Why are Bishop's letters to Moore and Lowell important?A. They have a deep influence on other poets.B. They offer much information about her life.C. They help us study Moore and Lowell's poetry.D. They prove she had friendships with famous poets.6. What can we say about Bishop's poetic creation?A. She liked to write in the morning.B. She could write poems at high speed.C. She tried her best to achieve perfection.D. She published hundreds of books of poetry.7. Which word can be used to best describe the style of Bishop’s poems?A. Enthusiastic.B. Romantic.C. Humorous.D. Exact.CMasks that helped save lives during the Covid-19 pandemic（疫情）are proving a deadly risk for wildlife, with birds and sea creatures trapped in many facial coverings in animal habitats.Single-use masks have been found on the ground, waterways and beaches worldwide since countries required（heir use in public places to slow the pandemic's spread. Worn once, the thin protective materials can take hundreds of years to break down. "Face masks aren't going away any time soon-but when we throw them away, these items can harm the environment and the animals who share our planet," Ashley from anima! rights group PETA said.Monkeys have been found playing with used masks in the hills outsideMalaysia's capitalKuala Lumpur. And in an incident inBritain, a seagull was saved inChelmsfordafter its legs got caught in an abandoned mask for a week.However, the biggest influence is in the water. More than 1.5 billion masks made their way into the world's oceans last year, accounting for around 6200 extra tons of ocean plastic pollution, according to environmental group OceansAsia. “Masks and gloves are particularlyproblematicfor sea creatures," says George Leonard, chief scientist from NGO. "When those plastics break down in the environment, they form smaller and smaller particles （颗粒）.Those particles then enter the food chain and influence the entire ecosystem,“ he added.Campaigners have urged people to deal with masks properly after using them. OceansAsia has also called on governments to increase punishment for littering and encourage the use of washable masks.8. What bring（s）a great danger to wildlife now?A. Waste masks.B. Covid-19.C. Polluted water.D. Damaged habitats.9. What does the underlined word “problematic”in paragraph 4 mean?A. Important.B. Attractive.C. Common.D. Troubling.10. What can we infer from the text?A. Monkeys learned to wear masks from humans.B. Plastics are less harmful after becoming particles.C. Used masks have a worse effect on sea creatures.D. Waste masks arc the main ocean plastic pollution.11. How should we solve the problem from the last paragraph?A. Keep masks after they' re used.B. Call on governments to stop littering.C. Punish those who wear single-use masks.D. Put used masks in the recycling box.DIf you ever find yourself trapped in the wilderness without food, you'llhave to figure out how to feed yourself. Many plants in the wild areedible, but many are also poisonous. So it is necessary to learn how to determine whether the plants you find can be eaten safely.Avoid using this method without careful planning. Some plants can be deadly, and even if you follow these guidelines perfectly, there is always a chance that a plant will make you seriously ill. Prepare yourself for wilderness outings by learning about the local plants, and carry a guidebook to help you identify plants. Even if you are unprepared and cannot find food you know to be safe, remember that, depending on your activity level, the human body can go for days without food, and you’re better off being hungry than being poisoned.Testing the plant in your mouth is dangerous, so go forward very slowly and carefully. First, hold a small portion of the prepared plant part against your lip for 3 minutes. Do not put the plant in your mouth. If you notice any burning, tingling (刺痛), or other reactions, discontinue testing. Second, place another small portion of the plant part on your tongue. Hold the plant on your tongue without chewing for 15 minutes. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Third, chew the plant and holdit in your mouth for 15 minutes. Chew the plant well, and do not swallow. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Fourth, swallow the small portion of the plant. Wait 8 hours. Do not eat or drink anything during this period except purified water. If you feel sick, immediately throwup what you eat and drink plenty of water. If activated charcoal (活性炭) is available, take that with the water.12. What’s the meaning of the underlined world “edible” in paragraph 1?A. Suitable for using as food.B. Widely spread.C. Existing in large quantities.D. Not widely known.13. What can we know from paragraph 2?A. Planning is unnecessary when using the method.B. Not all plants in the wild can serve as food generally.C. Suffering hunger can be more dangerous than testing plants.D. Following the method perfectly can ensure safety.14. Which is the correct order of testing plants in the mouth?① wait and see ② chew it in the mouth③ put it on the tongue④ put it against lips ⑤ swallow itA. ③④②①⑤B. ④③②①⑤C. ③④②⑤①D.④③②⑤①15. Where might the passage come from?A. A student’s diary.B. A science report.C. A guide book for camping.D. A doctor’ s notebook.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年天津市塘沽区第一中学高三英语月考试卷及参考答案
2020-2021学年天津市塘沽区第一中学高三英语月考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATheatre reflects the values of the civilization out of which it grows. The following are the types of theatre performances an ancient Roman might have witnessed then.Fescennine VerseFescennine Verse was a pioneer of Roman comedy. Ironic and improvisational（即兴的）, it was used mainly at festivals or weddings, and as invective. With early native Italian funny dialogues in Latin verse, it was thought to have combined with a tradition of performances by masked dancers and musicians from Etruria.Fabula AtellanaFabula Atellana relied on common characters, masks, direct humor, and simple plots. They were performed by actors improvising. Fabula Atellana came from the Oscan city of Atella. There were 4 main types of characters: the braggart, the greedy blockhead, the clever hunchback and the stupid old man, like modern Punch and Judy shows.Fabula TogataNamed for the clothing symbolic of the Roman people Fabula Togata had various subtypes. One was the Fabula Tabernaria, named for the tavern（酒馆）where the comedy’s preferred characters, lowlifes, might be found. One describing more middle-class types, and continuing the Roman clothing theme, was the Fabula Trabeata.Fabula PraetextaFabula Praetexta is the name for Roman tragedies on Roman themes, Roman history or current politics. Fabula Praetexta was less popular than tragedies on Greek themes. During the Golden Age of drama in the Middle Republic, there were four great Roman writers of tragedy, Naevius, Ennius, Pacuvius, and Accius. Of their surviving tragedies, 90 titles remain.All the performances above began as a translation of Greek forms, even to the extent of their being performed in Greek costume.1.Where might an ancient Roman witness Fescennine Verse?A.At a party.B.At a funeral.C.At a wedding.D.At a concert.2.Which type of performance describes the middle-class life?A.Fabula Atellana.B.Fabula Tabernaria.C.Fabula Trabeata.D.Fabula Praetexta.3.What do the listed types of performances have in common?A.They copy Latin dramas.B.They take on Greek forms.C.They reflect Roman themes.D.They refer to Italian stories.BDisease-carrying mosquitoes can spread diseases without affecting themselves. Nearly 700 million people get a mosquito-borne illness each year, which results in over one million deaths. Humans experience continuous pressures from disease-carrying mosquitoes in many parts of the world, so we have to find ways to fight against those insects because they keep getting scarier.Even though DEET remains the most commonly used, and most powerful, mosquito repellent ever developed, scientists are actively pursuing effective products based entirely on plant oils. While DEET is an effective contact repellent, many people dislike the oily feel and smell on their skin, and sometimes some people are sensitive to it. Consumers are always interested in alternatives to DEET and other synthetic repellents, so there are numerous natural repellents on the market.In his lab atIowaStateUniversity, Dr. Joel Coats and his team have successfully tested these repellents against three species of dangerous mosquitoes. The first group of the new repellents act through the air. These chemicals have a vapor action that provides protection, and they are called “spatial” repellents, since they act through space. These are potentially most useful in backyards, parks, and houses. The other group are the classic ones that stop insects from standing on a treated surface, such as human skin, clothing or tents; collaborators at the USDA-ARS and BioGents have conducted testing with humans to confirm the effectiveness and identify the very best ones.The new repellents were designed and made from the natural materials in plant essential oils. They maintain many of the advantages of the natural repellents: They are fully biodegradable, with no ecological concerns or environmental wastes, and generally considered safe like the thousands of types of plant essential oils used in the flavor and perfume industries. However, thorough testing will be conducted to determine if they are truly non-poisonous because there is still no enough evidence.4. What does the author mainly want to show in paragraph 1?A. The way mosquitoes spread disease.B. The high death rate of mosquito-borne illness.C. The difficulty of fighting disease-carrying mosquitoes.D. The urgency of finding tools to fight against mosquitoes.5. What is a disadvantage of DEET?A. It won’t be effective for long.B. It can’t be applied universally.C. It causes discomfort to the users.D. It greatly harms people’s health.6. What can we learn about the second group of the new repellents?A. They can kill mosquitoes indirectly.B. They are mainly used in the open air.C. They are more effective on human skin.D. They can prevent mosquitoes from contacting users.7. What’s the author’s attitude to the new repellents?A. Subjective.B. Objective.C. Doubtful.D. Disapproving.CWhen Alex Linwas 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper, which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies and people.Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN-the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before.But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose(处置) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a Survey and found only one in eight know what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it.Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste. The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began learning to retrofit (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students inthe area and protect the environment at the same time.For a lasting solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn’t enough. Lawswould have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste. Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.”8. What was Alex’s worry after he read the article?A. The littering of e-waste.B. The recycling of plastic.C. The change of environment.D. At 11 p.m. on Monday.9. What did Alex do to start the project?A. Set up WIN.B. Collect information.C. Ask friends for help.D. The overuse of old computer.10. Which can best describe the way Alex and his team did their work?A. Traditional.B. Competitive.C. Scientific.D. Convenient.11. What message does the story convey?A. There is no end to perfection.B. success comes through failure.C. Every positive attitude has a reward.D. young people can make a big difference.DEarthquake can disrupt whales’ hunting for food for up to a year,according to a new study.On November 14, 2016, the Kaikoura earthquake struck New Zealand’s South Island, causing a destructive tsunami. Under the surface, the earthquake caused strong currents that swept away and mostly killed off diverse ecosystems of creatures living along the Kaikoura underwater canyon.As a result, whales had to dive deeper and longer to find food—“a major shift” in their behavior, says co-author Liz Slooten, a marine biologist at the University of Otago in New Zealand.The impact earthquakes have on land animals has been well documented, but scientists know ly little about what happens underwater. Such research is important for government agencies, which may need to take recent earthquakes into consideration when considering fishing quotas（限额）, notes Rochelle Constantine, a marine mammal ecologist at the University of Auckland.The canyon’s upper reaches are rich in creatures, supplying food for the fish that make up the whales’ diet. So when these smaller life forms were washed away, it had “severe consequences for the community around there”,says study co-author Will Rayment. “That effect flowed all the way through the food chain.”As part of their ongoing study, the scientists were tracking 42 individual whales. After the earthquake, in all, the team managed to record data on 40 whales, showing that the abundance of whales in the general area didn’t change after the earthquake. However, the whales changed how they used their habitat.A year after the earthquake, the researchers observed the whales returning to their previous surface-breathing intervals. This could have been because the communities of animals that make up the whales’ food began to recover. “It gives you an idea of how resilient（有复原力的）these deep-sea communities are,” says Rayment.But he and his colleagues will continue long-term monitoring to see if there are effects they missed. Whale activity in the area had already been declining, though it’s unknown whether it is due to natural changes in food abundance, whale-watching tourism, fishing, or warming ocean temperatures. “There is something going on in Kaikoura,” says Rayment.12. What happened after the Kaikoura earthquake in the Kaikoura canyon?A. Several destructive tsunamis struck the area.B. Whales had to swim to other oceans to find food.C. Nearly all marine creatures in Kaikoura were killed off.D. Strong currents washed away many smaller creatures.13. Which is one of the findings of the study?A. Earthquakes can make it easier for whales to find food.B. The whales changed their habitat after the earthquake.C. It usually takes whales a year to adapt to their new diet.D. The number of whales in the area dropped sharply after the quake.14. What does Rochelle Constantine think of the study?A. It can help government agencies to make some decisions about fishing.B. It can help government agencies to solve problems in the fishing industry.C. It is a breakthrough in research on what happens underwater after an earthquake.D. It offers a detailed description of the impact earthquake have on marine mammals.15. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Something is affecting the whale activity in Kaikoura.B. Fishing quotas have been increasing in recent years.C. The team missed some effects in the research process.D. The scientists will continue studying earthquakes.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。