中国洁净煤技术及市场_英文_
选煤专业英语词汇汇总..
选煤专业英语词汇汇总选煤一般术语选煤Coal preparation毛煤Run of mine;原煤Raw coal原料煤Raw coal feed中煤middlings选煤Coal cleaning精煤Cleaned coal ; clean coal纯中煤True middlings; bone假中煤False middlings; Interbanded middlings矸石Reject; refuse废矸Diacard; dirt stone再循环Recirculation外来煤Foreign coal进口煤Imported coal低级煤Low-grade coal析离segregation分选特性Cleaning characteristics可选性曲线Wash ability curve可选性Wash ability; separability浮物累计曲线Cumulative floats curve浮物累计曲线累计曲线Cumulative sinks curve; Cumulative curve密度曲线Densimetric curve; relative density curve灰分特性曲线Characteristic ash curve邻近密度曲线Near-density curve; difficulty curve性能曲线浮沉试验Performance curve; Float-and-sink ;Analysis; Float-and-sink test 实际性能曲线Actual performance curve预期性能曲线expected performance curve迈尔曲线M-curve ；Mayer curve灰分/相对密度曲线Ash/relative density curve能力与处理量Capacity and throughput额定能力Nominal capacity生产能力Operational capacities设计能力Design capacity最大设计能力Peak design capacity 设备最大能力Mechanical maximum capacity 原料Feed原则流程图Basic flow sheet工艺流程图Process flow sheet设备流程图equipment flow sheet物料流程图Materials flow sheet液体流程图Liquids flow sheet能力流程图Weighted flow Sheet ; capacity flow sheet可浮性3）float ability矿井选煤厂Pithead coal preparation plant群矿选煤厂Group mine’s coal preparation plant矿区选煤厂Mine coal preparation plant中心选煤厂central coal preparation plant用户洗煤厂User’s coal preparation plant分选作业Separation process辅助作业Auxiliary process粒度size入料上限Top size入了下限Lower size分选粒级Size range of separation密度级Densimetric fractions; density fraction 密度组成Densimetric consist; density consist 分选密度±0.1含量法Classification of wash ability based onδ±0.1 near-density material中间煤含量法Classification of wash ability based on middling泥化Degradation in water煤泥（粉）浮沉试验Fine coal float- and sink test; fine coal float and-sink analysis水煤浆Coal water mixture；CWM;CWF；CWS洁净煤技术Clean coal technology可见矸石Vision refuse手选矸石Hand picked refuse粒级煤Sized coal块煤Lump coal大块煤Large sized coal中块煤Medium sized coal小块煤Small sized coal混煤Mixed coal混末煤Mixed small coal一般术语general分级1）sizing分级2）classification筛分试验Size analysis小筛分Sieve analysis平均粒度Mean size额定粒度Nominal size; limiting size筛上粒oversize筛下粒undersize粉尘dust粉煤fines末煤smalls筛分screening筛分Screening筛分机Screen振幅amplitude行程Stroke；throw孔径Aperture size干法筛分Dry screening湿法筛分Wet screening概率筛分Probability screening脱泥desliming脱粉Fines removal脱尘dedusting筛上物Screen overflow错配筛下粒Misplaced undersize筛下物Screen underflow错配筛上粒Misplaced oversize（筛分）错配物Misplaced material邻近筛孔物Near-mesh ma- terial; near-size material（筛子）额定面积Nominal area（筛子）有效面积effective area开孔率open area标准筛Sieve; test sieve筛分机的部件Parts screens筛面Screen deck; Screening surface筛板Screen plate筛网Screen cloth; Screen mesh楔条筛面Wedge-wire deck; wedge-wire sieve 活动棒条筛面Loose-rod deck缓冲筛面Dry screening按用途分类的筛分机Screens according to purpose毛煤筛Run-of-mine screen 预先分级筛Primary screen; Raw coal screen 脱水筛Dewatering screen脱泥筛Stroke；throw煤泥筛Slurry screen喷洗筛Rinsing screen; Spray screen分级筛(组)Sizing screen(s)Grading screen(s); classifying Screen(s)超粒控制筛Guard screen; Oversize control screen细粒控制筛Undersize control screen breakage screen按结构原理分类的筛分机Screens according to principle of construction单层筛Single-deck screen多层筛multi-deck screen摇动筛Jigging screen; Reciprocating screen 共振筛Resonance screen振动筛Vibrating screen旋转概率筛Rotating probability screen圆筒筛Trammel screen; Revolving screen滚轴筛Roll screen棒条筛Bar screen格筛grizzly弧形筛Sieve bend在气流或水流中分级Sizing in a current of air or water风力分级Air classification分级机classifier分级旋流器Cyclone classifier水力分级3）Hydraulic classification水析Vibrating screen沉降末速Terminal velocity等沉粒Equal falling particles等沉比Equal falling tatio自由沉降Free falling干扰沉降Hindered falling水力旋流器Hydro-cyclone准备筛分Preliminary screening检查筛分Control screening最终筛分Final screening等厚筛分banana screening气流筛分Air flow screening筛孔Screen aperture筛序Sieve scale筛比Sieve ratio粒度组成Size consist粒级Size fraction粒级上限Upper size粒级下限Lower size自然级Size fractions of raw coal破碎级Size fractions of crushed coal条缝筛Wedge-wire screen旋流筛V ortex sieve圆振动筛Circular vibrating screen直线振动筛Linear vibrating screen电磁振动筛Electro-magnetic vibrating screen振动概率筛Probability screen驰张筛Flip-flow screening machine等厚筛Banana vibrating screen电热筛Electric heated screen琴弦筛Piano wire screen高频振动筛High frequency vibrating screen振动棒条筛Loose-rod vibrating screen高频电磁细筛High frequency electromagnetic节肢振动筛Node-and-limb vibratory screen筛网旋流器cyclone screen cloth一般术语general干法选煤Dry cleaning湿法选煤Wet cleaning选煤厂Washery; coal preparation plant Reclean; rewash选煤产品Washery products矸石提升机Reject elevator; refuse elevator (deprecated)中煤提升机Middings elevator定压水箱Head tank溜槽launder泵池Pump sump悬浮体suspension流态化悬浮体Teeter; fluidized suspension 洗水系统Water circuit洗水闭路循环Closed water circuit循环水Circulating water 补充水Make-up water喷水Rinsing water; spray water废水Waste water; surplus water; bleed water井下水Pit water; mine water细泥slimes煤泥水slurry泡沫浮选Froth floatation重力选煤1)Gravity concentration; gravity separation跳汰选煤Water circuit重介质选煤Dense medium separation流槽选煤Coal laundering Trough washing 斜槽选煤Inclined-trough washing摇床选煤Table cleaning浮游选煤Coal floatation离心选煤Centrifugal cleaning摩擦选煤Friction cleaning主选Primary cleaning中间产物Intermediate product回选Recirculation cleaning配煤入洗Preparation of blended raw coal 分组入选Preparation of grouped raw coal 不分级入选Preparation of unsized raw coal分级入选Preparation of sized raw coal脱泥入选Preparation of deslimed raw coal 筛选厂Sizing plant干法选煤Dry cleaning手选Hand cleaning人工拣选Hand selection手选带Picking belt; picking table环形手选台Picking table circular风选Pneumatic cleaning风力摇床Dry cleaning table风力跳汰机Air jig风力跳汰2）Air jigging; pneumatic jigging 空气重介流化床干法选煤Dry beneficiation with air-dense medium fluidized bed检查性手选Control hand picking跳汰选煤jigging跳汰机Jig；washbox主选跳汰机Primary jig再选跳汰机Re-wash jig空气脉动跳汰机Air pulsating jig长石床层跳汰机feldspar jig动筛跳汰机Moving sieve jig活塞跳汰机plunger jig; piston jig隔膜跳汰机Diaphragm jigging跳汰筛板Jig screen plate; Bed plate跳汰床层Jig bed跳汰分室Jig cell跳汰分段Jig compartments跳汰机筛下室hutch跳汰机入料堰Jig feed sill跳汰机中间堰Jig center weir跳汰机溢流堰Jig discharge sill风阀Air valve滑动风阀Jig slide valve旋转风阀Rotary air valve跳汰机风阀周期Jig air cycle排矸装置Reject extractor浮标float床层传感器Bed depth transducer排矸室Reject extraction chamber排矸闸门Reject gate; discharger shutter排矸轮Reject rotor; star wheel extractor排矸螺旋Air valve排矸管Reject discharge pipes一段排矸提升机Primary reject elevator二段排矸提升机Secondary reject elevator 冲水Top water; transport water输送水flushing water顶水Under screen water; back water跳汰周期Jigging cycle跳汰周期特性曲线Characteristic curve of jigging cycle风阀特性曲线Characteristic curve of air valve跳汰频率Jig frequency跳汰振幅Jig amplitude水力跳汰Hydraulic jigging人工床层Artificial bed; feldspar bed床层松散度Mobility of the jig bed分层stratification透筛排料Discharge of heavy material through screen plate 正排矸Discharge of heavy dirt at the discharge end倒排矸Discharge of heavy dirt at the feed end跳汰室Jigging chamber空气室Air chamber跳汰面积Jig area电控气动风阀Electro-pneumatic valve筛侧空气室跳汰机Baum jig筛下空气室跳汰机Batac jig; tacub jig复合脉动跳汰机Compound pulsating jig 重介质选煤Dense medium cleaning重液Dense liquid重介质Dense medium; heavy medium重介质工艺Dense medium process重介质分选机Dense medium separator加重质Medium solids分选介质Separating medium; correct medium循环悬浮液Circulating medium补充悬浮液Make-up medium; make-up medium solids重介质回收Electro-pneumatic valve磁选机Magnetic separator磁性物Magnetics非磁性物Non-magnetics再生悬浮液Regenerated dense medium; recovered dense medium稀悬浮液Dilute medium浓悬浮液Over-dense medium重介车间Dense medium plant密度控制装置Density control device脱介筛Medium draining screen悬浮物Suspended matter介质回收筛Medium recovery screen喷水装置Shower box加重质制备Medium solids preparation悬浮液4）suspension悬浮液稳定性Stability of suspension分流Spilt flow预磁Pre-magnetization退磁de-magnetization磁性物含量Magnetic material content水平流Horizontal current上升流Upward current下降流Downward current斜轮重介质分选机Inclined lifting wheel separator; drew boy separator立轮重介质分选机vertical lifting wheel separator;刮板重介质分选机H.M vessel重介质旋流器Dense-medium cyclone筒式磁选机Drum magnetic separator圆筒带式磁选机Drum-belt magnetic separator磁力脱水槽magnetic dewatering风力提升器Air lifter分流量Spilt flow quantity非磁性物含量Non-magnetic material content高梯度磁选High-intensity magnetic separation介质桶Medium tank混料桶Blending tank悬浮液粘度Suspension viscosity其它分选设备Cleaning equipment (miscellaneous)槽选机Trough washer; launder washer摇床Concentrating table; shaking table格条Riffles清洗水Dressing water; cross water上升流分选机Upward current washer斜板分选机Plate cleaner滚筒分选机Barrel washer; drum wahser旋流器cyclone阻沉选煤机Hindered settling cleaner斜槽分选机5）Counterflow steeply inclined separator螺旋分选机spiral离心摇床Centrifugal table水介质旋流器Hydrocyclone; wateronly cyclone; autogenous cyclone化学选煤Chemical coal cleaning选择性絮凝法Selective flocculation method泡沫浮选Forth flotation活化剂Trough washer; launder washer捕收剂Collecting agent; collector 起泡剂Frothing agent; frother润湿剂Wetting agent抑制剂depressant矿浆pulp优先浮选Selective flotation; differential flotation; prefer- entail flotation充气aeration调和conditioning调和槽conditioner给药机Reagent feeder浮选机Flotation cell搅拌桶Agitator主选槽Primary cells粗选槽Rougher cells再选槽Secondary cells精选槽Cleaner cells; recleaner cells扫选槽Scavenger cells浮选精煤Flotation concentrate浮选尾煤Flotation tailings浮选中煤Flotation middlings接触角Contact angle消泡器Froth breaker分段试验Release analysis疏水性矿物6）Hydrophobic mineral亲水性矿物Hydrophilic mineral矿化泡沫Mineralized froth浮选时间Flotation time浮选剂Flotation agent调整剂Modifying agent; regulator分散剂Dispersing agent; dispersant乳化剂emulsifier药剂制度Regime of agent直接浮选Direct flotation浓缩浮选Thickening flotation微泡浮选Hydrophilic mineral粗选roughing扫选scavenging精选cleaning浮选试验Flotation test单元浮选试验Batch-flotation test分步释放浮选试验Timed-release analysis 连续性浮选试验Continuous flotation test 单位充气量Aeration quantity充气均匀系数Aeration uniformitycoefficient机械搅拌式浮选机Subaeration flotation machine; agitation froth machine喷射式浮选机Jet flotation machine充气式浮选机Pneumatic flotation machine 浮选柱Flotation column矿浆准备器Pulp preprocessor一般术语general脱水dewatering干燥drying泄水draining过滤filtration离心脱水centrifuging絮凝flocculation澄清clarification浓缩thickening溢流effluent选煤厂排放水Plant effluent煤泥池Slurry pond分散体dispersion脱水dewatering干燥机dryer固定筛Fixed screen过滤式离心脱水机Basket centrifuge沉降式离心脱水机Solid-bowl centrifuge 沉降过滤式离心脱水机Screen-bowl centrifuge离心液centrate过滤槽Filter bowl; filter tank滤布thickening滤饼Filter cake滤液filtrate压力过滤机Pressure filter压滤机Filter press真空压滤机Vacuum filter埋刮板输送机Dredging conveyor捞坑Dredging sump; drag tank; smudge tank澄清和浓缩Clarification and thickening絮凝剂Flocculating agent; flocculant絮团flocs浓缩漏斗Settling cone; conical settling tank 沉淀池Settling pond耙式浓缩机Rake thickener浓缩旋流器Cyclone thickener给料箱Head box; feed box固气分离Separation of solid from air除尘Dust extraction集尘Dust recovery除尘器Dust collector; dust extractor; deduster旋风除尘器Cyclone dust collector袋式除尘器Bag filter; fabric filter静电除尘器Electrostatic precipitator预先脱水1）Preliminary dewatering最终脱水Final dewatering脱水时间Dewatering time过滤介质Filter media脱落率Percentage of cake discharge助滤剂Filter aid离心强度Centrifugal intensity脱水仓Drainage bin脱水斗式提升机Dewatering basket; dewatering elevator离心脱水机centrifuge惯性卸料离心脱水机Inertial discharge centrifuge刮刀卸料离心脱水机Scraper discharge centrifuge振动卸料离心脱水机Vibrational discharge centrifuge过滤机Filter圆盘式真空过滤机Disc-type filter圆筒式真空过滤机Drum-type filter折带式真空过滤机Feinc vacuum filter; feinc filter水平带式真空过滤机Belt vacuum filter加压过滤机hyperbaric filter箱式压滤机Chamber pressure filter; recessed plate filter press充气式压滤机Hyperbaric pressure filter管式压滤机Tubular pressure filter; tube filter带式压滤机Belt filter press筒式压滤机Drum-type filter press管式干燥机Tubular dryer; flash dryer滚筒式干燥机Drum-type dryer井筒式干燥机Shaft dryer; cascade type dryer沸腾层干燥机fluid-bed dryer；fluidized bed dryer螺旋干燥机Helicoids screw dryer煤粉Coal fines煤泥slime粗煤泥Coarse slime原生煤泥Primary slime次生煤泥Secondary slime浮沉煤泥Slime from float- and-sink analysis; slime from float- and-sink test澄清水Clarified water洗水Wash water底流underflow浓度concentration凝聚剂coagulating agent; coagulant角锥沉淀池Spitzkasten沉淀塔Settling tower带式沉淀塔Dredging tank倾斜板沉淀槽Lamella; inclined plate depositing tank深锥浓缩机Deep cone thickener高效浓缩机High-capacity thickener沉淀仓Settling bunker尾煤场Tailing site水膜除尘器Water-film dedustor泡沫除尘器Froth dedustor一般术语general破碎1）Breaking; cracking破碎2）crashing磨碎Grinding; pulverizing破碎比Reduction ratio解离Liberation(of inter grown constituents) 破碎breakage裂解degradation碎解Disintegration; dissociation可碎性crushability可磨性grindability选择性破碎Selective crushing选择性磨碎Selective grinding破碎流程Crushing circuit 磨碎流程grinding circuit破碎设备Size reduction machines劈碎机Pick breaker滚筒碎选机Rotary breaker; bradford breaker颚式破碎机Jaw crusher辊式破碎机Roll crusher; toothed roll crusher固定锤式破碎机Rigid-hammer crusher摆动锤式破碎机Swing-hammer crusher; swing- hammer mill; swing-hammer pulverizer球磨机Ball mill; rod mill旋转（圆锥）形破碎机Gyratory crusher ; cone crusher准备破碎3）Auxiliary breaking preliminary breaking; auxiliary crushing; preliminary crushing最终破碎Finished breaking; finished crushing; final breaking; final crushing开路破碎Open-circuit crushing闭路破碎closed-circuit crushing一段破碎Single-stage crushing二段破碎Two-stage crushing总破碎比Total reduction ratio超粒oversize过粉碎Over crushing; over breaking破碎机Crusher; breaker单齿辊破碎机Single roll crusher反击破碎机Impact crusher双齿辊破碎机double roll crusher四齿辊破碎机Four roll crusher一般术语general效率efficiency性能描述Statement of performance产率Yield recovery计算入料Calculated feed; reconstituted feed分配曲线Partition curve; distribution curve 分配率Partition coeffici- ents; distribution coefficients分割点Cut-point错配物Misplaced material错配物总量Total misplaced material正配物Correctly placed material正配物总量Total correctly placed material 分级作业Sizing operations规定粒度Designated size分离粒度Separation szie分配粒度Partition size等误粒度Equal errors size控制粒度control size; checking size; testing size参考粒度Reference size额定筛分粒度Nominal screening size （粒度）错配物Misplaced material (sizing) （粒度）正配物Correctly placed material (sizing)有效筛孔Effective screen aperture额定筛孔Nominal screen aperture分级效率Efficiency of sizing; yield of sizing筛分效率Efficiency of screening粒度特性曲线Size distribution curve分选作业Cleaning operations数量效率Organic efficiency理论产率Theoretical yield误差曲线Error curve; tromp error curve分选密度Separation density分配密度partition density; tromp cut-point 等误密度Equal error cut- point (density); wolf cut-point （deprecated）可能偏差Ecart probable moyen; Epm ; E 不完善度Imperfection; I灰分误差Ash error产率损失Yield loss浮物floats沉物sinks邻近密度物Neat-density material（分选）错配物Misplaced material (cleaning)（分选）正配物Correctly placed material (cleaning)回收率1）recovery错配率Miscellany rate处理能力capacity单位处理能力Unit capacity 单位消耗量Specific consumption加工费Preparation cost分级粒度Sizing size理论分级粒度Theoretical sizing size实际分级粒度Separation size; practical sizing size通过粒度Through size限下率Undersize fraction限上率oversize fraction理论灰分Theoretical ash理论分选密度Theoretical separation density等灰密度Equal ash density当量密度Equal yield density实际分选密度Practical separation density 质量效率Quality efficiency污染指标Contamination index浮煤Float coal中间煤Middle coal沉矸Sink refuse含矸率Percentage of refuse content拣矸效率Efficiency of hand picking含煤率Percentage of coal content分选下限Lower limit of separation基元灰分Elementary ash分界灰分Cut-point ash最高产率原则Rule of maximum yield灰分批合格率Ash content qualification ratio灰分批稳定率Ash content stabilization ratio降硫率Percentage of desulfurization脱硫率Percentage of desulfurization脱硫完善指标Perfect index desulfurization 比滤阻Relative filter resistance破碎效率Crushing efficiency粉碎率Degradation rate细粒增量Increment of fines脱水效率Dewatering efficiency浓缩效率Thickening efficiency浮选完善指标Perfect index flotation一般术语general仓配Bunker blending; bin blending给料机feeder不均匀性heterogeneity均质性Homogeneity均质化homogenization混料mixing混料机mixer均匀性uniformity不均匀性Non-uniformity取料机reclaimer堆料机stacker堆料stockpiling料堆stockpile整体流动（在仓内）Mass flow (in bunkers) 管状流动Core flow; funnel flow堆取料机1）Stocker-reclaimer储煤场stockpile配煤仓Blending bunker装车仓Loading bunker; loading bin多点装车Multipoint loading单点装车Single-point loading矸石场Refuse pile定量装车Quantitative loading防尘Dust-proofing防冻Freeze-proofing安息角Angle of repose抑尘Dust suppression配料Blending料仓Bunker; bin漏斗Hopper缓冲仓Surge hopper; surge bunker粘结agglomeration堆密度Bulk density叶片式混料机Paddle mixer防冻剂1）Antifreeze; anti-freezing agent 计量水分Metrological moisture团煤briquetting型煤Coal briquette一般术语general控制系统Control system自动控制Automatic control手动控制Manual control集中控制Central control就地控制Local control 遥控指示Remote indications遥控Remote control过程控制系统Process control system自适应控制系统Adaptive control system 信息管理系统Management information system; MIS监测Monitor(to)数据资料data工序控制sequence control报警alarm故障保护Fail safe控制设备Control equipment传感器sensor监测器detector变换器transducer流量计flow meter控制器controller制动器actuator伺服机构Servo-mechanism放大器amplifier转换器converter灰分监测器Ash monitor堆密度计Bulk density meter水分计Moisture meter密度计Density meter接近开关Proximity switch预启动报警Pre-start warning模拟图Mimic diagram打印机printer打印输出printout光学显示器Visual display unit; VDU状态显示Status display静态显示Static display动态显示dynamic display微型计算机Microcomputer; microprocessor数字计算机Digital computer模拟计算机Analogue computer混合计算机Hybrid computer前端处理器Front end processor程序控制器Programmed controller可编程序控制器Programmable controller 专用控制器Dedicated controller限位开关Limit switch限位转换器Limit transducer锁定系统Lock-out circuit控制术语Control terminology开路控制（系统）Open loop control (system) 闭路控制（系统）closed loop control (system)比例控制（系统）ratio control (system)可控装置Controlled device可控条件Controlled condition预定值Desired value输入信号Input signal指令信号Command signal给定值Set point偏差deviation误差信号Error signal控制信号Control signal控制作用Control action比例作用Proportional action微分作用Derivative action积分作用Integral action反馈feedback稳定性stability衰减damping寻找平衡hunting校定calibration接口interface入机接口Man-machine interface硬件hardware软件software硬连线Hardwire(to)机器语言Machine language程序programme传递pass诊断diagnostic字word存储器memory配置configuration液位计hardware料位计software皮带秤Belt weigher核子秤Nuclear weigh scale在线灰分仪On line coal ash monitor在线水分仪On line moisture monitor 在线煤质分析仪On line coal analyzer 汽车衡Underground weigher轨道衡Frack scale矿物加工工艺常用词汇(一)1选矿-Mineral separation (ore dressing) 2设计-Design3工艺-Technics (craftwork)4初步设计-Initiative(preliminary) design 5流程-Flow(circuit)6流程图-flowchart7施工设计-working design8设计方案-design project9粉碎-comminution10 磨矿-grinding11浮选-flotation12脱水-dehydration13干燥车间-drying shop14尾矿-tailing15精矿-concentrate16中矿-middles17精选-concentration18粗选-first concentration20选矿机-concentrator21矿浆ore pulp22分级-classification22磨矿-grinding23磨矿机-grinding mills24筛分-screen25粉碎-crush26筛分机-screener27粉碎机-crusher28颚式粉碎机-jaw crusher29圆锥粉碎机-cone crusher30冲击式粉碎机impact crusher31辊式粉碎机-crusher rolls32球磨机-ball mill33棒磨机-rod mill34自磨机-autogenous mills35震动筛-vibratory screener36分级机-classification equipment37浮选-flotation38浮选机-flotation equipment39重选-reelect40特殊选-special selection41 浮选柱-flotation ploe42脱水机-spin-drier43干燥机-drier44总图-general chart45配置-deploy46运输-transport47环境保护-environment protect 48场址-field location(site)49布置-lay50设计资料-design information 51粉碎流程-comminution flow 52磨矿流程-grinding flow(circuit) 53浮选流程-flotation flow54金属矿-metallic mines55非金属矿-non-metallic mines 56闭路-close circuit(loop)57闭路流程-close flow58开路-cut circuit（loop）59开路流程-cut flow60废水-liquid waste61粉尘-powder62噪声-yawp63污染-contamination64沉淀-form sediment65净化-decontaminate66输送-transportation67矿石-ore68物料-material69给矿-feed ores70给料-feed stuff71设备-equipment72方案-project73标高-elevation74通道-passage75维修-maintain76检查-check77操作-operation78化验-test、assay79检测-examine80坡度-gradient81起重机-crane82堆积-accumulation 83细粒-granule、fine84粗粒-coarse85尾矿坝-tailing dam86矿仓-feed bin（storehouse）87粉矿仓-crushing pocket88产品仓-product bin(storehouse) 89砂泵-pump90立式泵-stand pump91卧式泵-horizontal pump92耐酸泵-acid-proof pump93耐碱泵-alkali-resistant pump94勘察-reconnaissance95地形-landform96工程-engineering97设计步骤design process98规模-scale99选矿厂-concentrating mill100设计内容design content(二)1 comminution-粉碎2 comminution engineering-粉碎工程3粉碎机-comminuter4粉碎动力学-comminution kinetics 5筛分曲线图-screen analysis chart 6筛孔-screen aperture7筛面-screen area8筛条screen bar9筛框-screen box10筛选厂-screen building11筛分机生产能力screen capacity 12筛分槽-screen cell13筛布-screen cloth14筛分screen classification15筛孔-screen hole16筛分车间-screenhouse17筛分分析-screen analysis18滚筒筛-screening-drum19筛分效率-screening efficiency20筛分速率-screening rate21筛网-screen mesh22筛制、筛比、筛序-screen scale 23筛孔尺寸-screen size24套筛-screen set25筛序-screen size gradation26筛余物screen tailings27筛下产品-screen throughs (underflow undersize)28可碎性crushability29可碎性系数-crushability factor30碎矿仓-crushed ore pocket31粉碎产品-crushed product32粉碎粒度-crusher size33粉碎腔-crushing cavity34粉碎厂-crushing plant35粉碎系数-crushing coefficient36粉碎工段-crushiong section37助磨剂-grinding aid38磨球-grinding ball39 磨矿负荷-grinding charge40磨矿效率-grinding efficiency41磨矿-grinding ore42磨砾-grinding pebble43磨碎能力-grinding property44研磨试验grinding test45磨矿设备-grinding unit46磨矿速度-grinding rate47磨矿功率-grinding power48磨矿车间-grinding plant49可磨性-grindability50可磨性指数-grindability index51可磨性指标-grindability rating52可磨性试验-grindability test53研磨工-grinder54磨工车间-grindery55磨矿动力学-grinding kinetics56粉碎能-crushing energy57粉碎机给矿口-crushing mouth58粉碎面-crushing face59粉碎力-crushing force60粉碎机进料口-crusher throat61筛分动力学-screen kinetics62选厂矿仓-mill bin63 选厂中矿mill chats64选厂配置mill configuration65磨过的矿石-milled ore66磨机给料-mill feeder67选厂给矿-mill-head68研磨作用-milling action 69磨机衬里mill liner70入选品位milling grade71入选品位矿石milling-grade ore 72磨矿机milling-grinder73细碎、精磨-milling grinding74磨矿介质-milling medium75磨矿法-milling method76选矿作业-milling operation77选矿厂-milling plant78选厂矿泥-milling slime79选厂厂址-mill site80磨机负荷-mill load81选矿工（工长）millan82磨机需用功率-mill power draft 83选矿质量控制mill puality control 84选矿取样-mill sampling85磨机外壳-mill shell86磨机矿浆-mill slurries87磨石-millstone88选矿厂储矿仓mill-storage89选厂尾矿-mill tail90选矿用水-mill water91磨矿机溶液-mill solution92选矿厂建筑师-millwright93分级沉淀-class setting94矿粉-mineral fine95分级-classification96分级溢流-classifier overflow97分级返砂-classifier sand98分级机-classifier99分级筛-classifying screen100分级箱-classifying box(三)1品位-grade2精矿品位-concentrate grade3尾矿品位-tailing grade4尾矿场-tail area(pile)5尾矿仓-tailing bin6尾矿滤饼-tailing cake7尾矿坝-tailing dam8尾矿池-tailing pond(pit)9取样-taking cut(sampling)10滑石talc11蓝晶石-talc blue12 试样缩分-sample division13 分样器-sample divider14精矿取样-concentrate sampling15中矿取样-middles sampling16尾矿取样-tailing sampling17浓缩-thickening18精矿浓缩-concentrate thickening19选矿流程-concentrating circuit20精选机-concentrating mcching21试样缩分-sample reduction (splitting) 22矿物组成-mineralcomposition23矿物组分-mineral constituent24矿床-mineral depost25矿物-mineral26选矿方法mineral dressing method27选矿厂-concentrating mill28选矿ore dressing,mineral separation29矿物分析-mineral analysis30矿物组合-mineral association31 试样袋-sample sack32矿床-deposit33矿物岩相facies34矿物纤维-mineral fiber35固、气界面-mineral-air interface36固、液界面-mineral-water interface37固、气、液接触mineral-air-water contact 38矿物颗粒-grain39矿物鉴定-mineral identification40矿物资源-interest41矿物解离-mineralliberation42矿物特性mineral character43矿物储量-mineral reserve44矿物（成分）检验mineral logical examination45扑收剂-Minerec,flotigan,46精矿回收率concentrate recovery47中矿回收率middles recovery48精选concentration49附着精矿气泡concentratr-loaded bubble 50精选机-concentrating maching51分选判据-concentration criterion52富集比-concentration factor53选矿摇床-concentration table54选厂流程concentrator flow 5选厂流程图concentrator flow sheet56试样品位-sample grade57絮凝剂-flocculant58絮凝-floculate59絮凝物-flocs60絮凝浮选floc flotation61絮凝作用flocculation62浮选机flotation unit63浮选剂- flotation agent64整排浮选机flotation bank65浮选槽- flotation cell66浮选能力flotation capacity67浮选精矿- flotation concentrate68浮选尾矿flotation rejects69浮选中矿- flotation middles70浮选设备flotation equipment71浮选泡沫-flotation froth72浮选动力学flotation kinetics73浮选浸出法- flotation leaching method 74浮选厂flotation mill75浮选油-flotation oil76浮选矿浆- flotation pulp77浮选速度-flotation rate78浮选试验flotation test79单槽浮选机- flotation unit cell80浮选摇床- flotation table81摇床浮选- flotation tabling82起泡剂Flotol83流程图-flow line84工艺流程图-flow process chart (flow sheet)85可选（洗）性-washability86可选性特性- washability characteristic 87可选性曲线- washability curve88可选性指数- washability number89可选性试验- washability test90可浮性-flotability91可浮性曲线-flotability curve92粒度特性-granularity93粒度分级试验grading test94结构-texture95构造-tectonic(structural)96致密结构-compact texture97斑状结构porphyritic texture98 粒度分析-granularmetric analysis99采样-sample collecting100分样器-sample divider采矿mining地下采矿underground mining露天采矿open cut mining, open pit mining, surface mining采矿工程mining engineering选矿（学）mineral dressing, ore beneficiation, mineral processing矿物工程mineral engineering矿物资源综合利用engineering of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources中国金属学会The Chinese Society for Metals中国有色金属学会The Nonferrous Metals Society of China采矿工艺mining technology有用矿物valuable mineral冶金矿产原料metallurgical mineral raw materials矿床mineral deposit特殊采矿specialized mining海洋采矿oceanic mining, marine mining 矿田mine field矿山mine露天矿山surface mine地下矿山underground mine矿井shaft矿床勘探mineral deposit exploration矿山可行性研究mine feasibility study矿山规模mine capacity矿山生产能力mine production capacity矿山年产量annual mine output矿山服务年限mine life矿山基本建设mine construction矿山建设期限mine construction period矿山达产arrival at mine full capacity开采强度mining intensity矿石回收率ore recovery ratio矿石损失率ore loss ratio 工业矿石industrial ore采出矿石extracted ore矿体ore body矿脉vein海洋矿产资源oceanic mineral resources 矿石ore矿石品位ore grade岩石力学rock mechanics岩体力学rock mass mechanics选矿厂concentrator, mineral processing plant工艺矿物学process mineralogy开路open circuit闭路closed circuit流程flowsheet方框流程block flowsheet产率yield回收率recovery矿物mineral粒度particle size粗颗粒coarse particle细颗粒fine particle超微颗粒ultrafine particle粗粒级coarse fraction细粒级fine fraction网目mesh原矿run of mine, crude精矿concentrate粗精矿rough concentrate混合精矿bulk concentrate最终精矿final concentrate尾矿tailings粉碎comminution破碎crushing磨碎grinding团聚agglomeration筛分screening, sieving分级classification富集concentration分选separation手选hand sorting重选gravity separation, gravity concentration磁选magnetic separation。
Clean Coal Technology
1 洁净煤技术及领域(1) 洁净煤技术的提出“洁净煤(Clean Coal)”一词是20世纪80年代初期，美国和加拿大关于解决两国边境酸雨问题谈判的特使德鲁〃刘易斯(Drew Lewis,美国)和威廉姆〃戴维斯（William Davis,加拿大）提出的。
洁净煤技术是煤炭开发和利用中减少污染和提高效率的煤炭加工、转化、燃烧和污染控制等新技术的总称。
当前已成为世界各国解决环境问题主导技术之一，也是高技术国际竞争的一个重要领域。
美国率先提出洁净煤技术，1986年推出“洁净煤技术示范计划”。
经过5轮竞争和优选，当时确定39个项目，主要涉及4个领域：※环境控制技术(NOx、SO2排放控制系统)※先进燃煤发电技术(IGCC、CFBC和先进的燃烧技术与热机系统)IGCC—Integrated Gasifacation Combined CycleCFBC—Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion※煤炭加工成洁净能源技术(洗选、温和气化、甲醇生产新工艺，预测电厂新煤种操作特性的软件系统)※工业应用技术(用煤代替焦炭、用低硫煤生产水泥以及将燃油或燃气改成烧煤用于工业燃烧器)。
随后共确定45个项目，投资71亿美元。
欧共体国家紧跟着推出未来能源计划，研究开发的洁净煤技术有：※整体煤气化联合循环发电(IGCC)※煤和生物质及废弃物联合气化(或燃烧)※循环流化床燃烧(CFBC)※固体燃料气化与燃料电池联合循环技术等。
日本积极实行“新阳光计划”，洁净煤技术开发项目有以下几方面：※提高燃烧效率，降低CO2排放量，主要是循环流化床燃烧发电技术(CFBC、PFBC) PFBC—Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion※燃烧前后的净化，主要是水煤浆、型煤、脱硫、脱氮和除尘技术※煤炭转化，包括煤炭液化、气化和煤热解等※IGCC※21世纪洁净煤技术，包括高效低污染燃烧技术、煤炭深度加工技术、煤气化燃料电池联合循环发电技术等(2) 中国洁净煤技术领域1997年的《中国洁净煤技术技术“九五”计划和2010年发展纲要》中指出，洁净煤技术主要包括煤炭洗选、加工、转化、先进燃烧技术、烟气净化等方面的14项技术。
洁净煤技术-2
Wuhan 430074, P. R. CHINA E-mail: pcbnlcc@
NLCC
2．先进燃烧技术（增压系统）的新途径 ．先进燃烧技术（增压系统） 固体燃料的特性； 燃烧行为； 灰成分的催化影响； 压力对燃烧的影响 排烟的测量与烟气的有效利用。 3．整体热烟气净化 ． 燃料氮的控制 脱硫及卤素元素的控制 痕量元素的控制
National Lab. of Coal Combustion, HUST
Wuhan 430074, P. R. CHINA E-mail: pcbnlcc@
NLCC
美国CCT计划项目 计划项目 美国
1. 先进电力系统 IGCC, PFBC, CFB等 12项 占26.9% 项 等 2. 高效污染控制装置 SO X、NO X 脱除 、 3. 煤的洁净处理 液化、 液化、气化等 4. 工业应用 高炉、 高炉、水泥等 5项 占12.2% 项
National Lab. of Coal Combustion, HUST
Wuhan 430074, P. R. CHINA E-mail: pcbnlcc@
NLCC
一、CCT计划的目标 计划的目标
目标：直接为活跃的美国和国际市场提供煤炭的先进应用 目标 技术； 实现高效清洁的煤利用； 为满足21世纪电力、燃料的热力转换和各 种工业生产的需要做准备。
National Lab. of Coal Combustion, HUST
Wuhan 430074, P. R. CHINA E-mail: pcbnlcc@
NLCC
图 中国煤炭资源分布图
National Lab. of Coal Combustion, HUST
洁净煤技术 --精选
水的低pH值使得鱼的骨骼畸形生长，最 终导致死亡
引起树木的大量不正常死亡
能源与动力工程学 院
严重腐蚀建筑物
中国·呼和浩特
天昏昏兮人郁郁 此句古诗是形容阴雨连绵的日子里，天 昏昏沉沉, 人也打不起。如果是酸雨, 除了气压低, 湿度 大之外, 再加上酸性物质引起的皮肤瘙痒，眼角膜红肿， 气管哮喘，人就不止是昏昏沉沉, 而是昼夜难熬了。人的 许多疾病多由精神而起, 长期精神郁闷, 必将导致疾病缠 身。
SO2 NOx
H2SO4 HNO3
酸雨使森林退化，湖泊酸化，鱼类死亡，水生生物种群减少， 农田土壤酸化、贫瘠，有毒重金属污染增强，粮食、蔬菜、瓜果大 面积减产，使建筑物和桥梁损坏，文物面目皆非。
能源与动力工程学 院
pH值小于5.6的雨水。 1.概念：
中国·呼和浩特
燃烧煤、石油、天然气等，不断向大气 2.原因： 中排放二氧化硫和氧化氮等酸性气体。
能源与动力工程学 院
中国·呼和浩特
1.3.3氮氧化物与光化学烟雾污染 (1)氮氧化物 A燃料型 B热力型 C瞬时型 （2）危害 A NOx损伤肺部，刺激鼻咽喉，降低输血能力 B 光化学烟雾污染
能源与动力工程学 院
中国·呼和浩特
（3）光化学烟雾污染
SO2、NOx、飘尘 光化学烟雾
光化学烟雾：碳氢 化合物和NOx在太 阳光作用下发生光 化学反应而生成的 中间产物和最终产 物组成的特殊混合 物。造成人们眼睛 红肿、咽炎、呼吸 道疾病恶化乃至思 维紊乱，肺水肿等 疾病。
能源与动力工程学 院
中国·呼和浩特
能源生产和消费中存在的问题：
（1）目前相对平衡，但能源相对短缺将是伴随我国 经济社会发展整个过程的长期问题 （2）能源的利用率低 （3）各部门的比重不合理
洁净煤发电IGCC技术
些 突 出的优点 ： 发 电效 率 高 ， 目前可 达约 百分 之
四十五 ， 继续 提 高的潜力 大 ； 与传 统 的燃 煤 方式不
同， 它 能实 现 ９ ８ ％以上的污染物脱除效率 ， 并 可
第 ４期
２ ０ １ ３年 ７月
锅
炉
制
造
Ｎｏ ． ４
ＢＯＩ Ｌ ＥＲ Ｍ ＡＮＵＦＡＣＴ ＵＲＩ ＮＧ
Ｊ ｕ １ ． ２ ０ｌ ３
文章编号 ： Ｃ Ｎ ２ ３—１ ２ ４ ９ （ ２ ０ １ ３ ） ０ ４— ０ ０ ３ ４—０ ２
洁净煤发 电 Ｉ Ｇ Ｃ Ｃ技 术
刘 宏 ， 张 晓红
２ ． Ｃ ｈ ｉ ｎ ａ Ｎ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ａ ｌ Ｅ ｌ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｒ ｃ Ｐ ｏ ｗ ｅ ｒ Ｅ ｎ ｇ ｉ ｎ ｅ ｅ ｉ ｒ ｎ ｇ Ｃ ｏ ．Ｌ ｔ ｄ ． ， Ｓ ｈ ａ ｎ ｇ ｈ ａ ｉ ２ ０ ０ ０ ６ １ ， Ｃ ｈ ｉ ｎ ａ ）
Ａｂｓ ｔ ｒ ａ ｃ ｔ： Ｅｎ ｅ ｒ ｇ ｙ ａ ｎ ｄ ｐ ｏ ｌ ｌ ｕｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ｐ ｒ ｏ ｂ ｌ ｅ ｍ ｈ ａ ｖ ｅ ｂ ｅ ｃ ｏ ｍｅ ｍｏ ｒ ｅ ａ ｎ ｄ ｍｏ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｅ ｉｏ ｒ ｕ ｓ ， Ｓ Ｏ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｅ ｎ ｅ ｒ ｙ ｇ ｓ ｔ ｒ ｕ ｃ ｔ ｕ ｒ ｅ ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ｃ ｏ ａ ｌ ｉ ｓ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｍａ ｉ ｎ ｅ ｎ ｅ ｒ ｙ ｇ ｉ ｎ Ｃｈ ｉ ｎ ａ ｃ ａ ｎ’ ｔ ｂ ｅ ｖ ａ ｒ ｉ ｅ ｄ ｉｇ ｒ ｈ ｔ ｎｏ ｗ． Ｈｉ ｇ ｈ ｅ ｉｃ ｆ ｉ ｅ ｎ ｔ ａ ｎ ｄ ｃ ｌ ｅ ａ ｎ ｅ ｎｅ ｒ ｇ ｙ ｔ ｅ ｃ ｈ ｎ ｏ ｌ ｏ ｇ ｙ ｉ ｓ ｓ ｕ ｓ ｔ ａ ｉ ｎａ ｂ ｌ ｅ ｄ ｅ ｖ ｅ ｌ ｏ ｐ ｍｅ ｎ ｔ ．Ｔｈ ｉ ｓ ｐ ａ ｐ ｅ ｒ ｉ ｎ ｔ ｒ ｏ ｄ ｕ ｃ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｈｅ ａ ｄ ｖ ａ ｎ ｔ ａ ｇ ｅ ｓ ａ ｎ ｄ ｃ ｈ ａ ｒ ａ ｃ ｔ ｅ ｉｓ ｒ ｔ ｉ ｃ ｓ ｏ ｆ ｔ ｈ ｅ Ｉ ＧＣＣ ｃ ｏ ｍｐ ａ ｉｎ ｒ ｇ ｔ ｏ ｏ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｃ ｌ ｅ ａ ｎ ｃ ｏ ａ ｌ ｔ ｅ ｃ ｈ ｎｏ ｌ ｏ ｇ ｉ ｅ ｓ ａ ｎ ｄ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｐ ｌ ａ ｎ ｓ ｔ ｈａ ｔ ｍａ ｎ ｙ ｃ ｏ ｕ ｎ ｔ ｉｅ ｒ ｓ ａ ｐ ｐ ｌ ｙ ｔ ｏ ｄ ｅ － ｖ ｅ ｌ ｏ ｐ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｔ ｅ ｃ ｈ ｎ ｏ ｌ ｏ ｙ． ｇ Ｋｅ ｙ ｗｏ ｒ ｄｓ： Ｉ ＧＣＣ；ｃ ｌ ｅ ａ ｎ ｃ ｏ ａ ｌ ｔ ｅ ｃ ｈ ｎ ｏ ｌ ｏ ｙ ；ｅ ｇ ｎ ｖ ｉ ｒ ｏ ｎ ｍｅ ｎ ｔ ａ ｌ ｐ ｒ ｏ ｔ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ
英语作文介绍中国煤炭
China's Coal Industry: A Vital Resource forEconomic GrowthChina, a vast country with rich natural resources,holds a significant position in the global coal industry. Coal, as a primary source of energy, has played a crucial role in driving China's economic growth and industrialization. This essay delves into the significance, production, usage, and future prospects of coal in China.Coal has long been the backbone of China's energy mix, accounting for a substantial portion of the country's total energy consumption. Its abundance and relatively low cost have made it a preferred choice for power generation, steel production, and various industrial applications. The coal industry in China is vast, with numerous mines located across the country, employing millions of workers and contributing significantly to the national economy.The production of coal in China has grown steadily over the years, driven by the increasing demand from various sectors. Modern mining techniques and technological advancements have enhanced production efficiency and safety. However, the coal industry is also facing challenges suchas environmental pollution, resource depletion, and the need for sustainable development.The Chinese government has taken measures to address these challenges. Strict environmental regulations have been imposed on coal mining and combustion, aiming to reduce emissions and protect the environment. Additionally, efforts are being made to promote clean energy sources and diversify the energy mix, reducing the reliance on coal in the long run.Despite these challenges, the coal industry remains crucial for China's economic development. It continues to play a vital role in meeting the country's energy needs, supporting industrial growth, and creating employment. Moreover, coal-based technologies are being developed to improve efficiency and reduce environmental impacts, such as clean coal technologies and carbon capture and storage. Looking ahead, the coal industry in China faces both opportunities and challenges. With the increasing focus on sustainability and environmental protection, the industry will need to adapt to changing policies and regulations. Innovations in mining techniques, coal utilization, andemission reduction will be key to ensuring the sustainable development of the coal industry in China.Moreover, as China continues to grow its economy and expand its industrial base, the demand for coal is expected to remain high. However, the need for balanced energy development and diversification of energy sources will also be emphasized. This presents opportunities for the coal industry to collaborate with other sectors and explore new areas of growth, such as clean coal technologies and coal-to-chemicals conversions.In conclusion, the coal industry in China remains a crucial part of the country's economic landscape. While facing challenges related to environmental sustainability and resource depletion, it continues to contribute significantly to energy supply, industrial growth, and employment generation. With innovations and adaptations to changing policies and regulations, the coal industry in China is poised to play a vital role in the country's economic growth and development in the future.**中国煤炭行业：经济增长的重要资源**中国，一个资源丰富的广袤国度，在全球煤炭行业中占据着举足轻重的地位。
洁净煤技术问题研究外文文献翻译最新译文
文献出处:Wall T. The research of clean coal technology [J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 10(8): 85-105.原文The research of clean coal technologyWall TAbstractCoal is an important part of energy, and energy in the world's first. In the world energy structure, coal reserves, and oil and natural gas are relatively poor. As oil resources, the status of the coal as the world's largest energy has been consolidated. In this paper, the development of clean coal technology and way of clean coal conversion are reviewed, mainly introduces the technology of clean coal hydrolysis, clean coal gasification technology, clean coal liquefaction technology and the characteristics and application of coal-fired power generation technology, and the development of clean coal technology and its application foreground is prospected. Keywords: clean coal technology; Coal conversion technologies; Coal water slurry1 IntroductionCoal is an important part of the world's energy, and energy in the world's first. In today's world energy structure, coal reserves, and oil and natural gas are relatively poor. As oil resources, the status of the coal as the world's largest energy has been consolidated. Characteristic of petrochemical energy is much less coal, oil, natural gas, as a result, the coal in the energy structure is an absolute advantage. But the traditional coal utilization technology backwardness, low efficiency, serious pollution, and is the source of greenhouse gases. Actually, coal and natural gas, oil, itself is not pollution, only because of the clean utilization and conversion technology behind making with coal as main energy state environmental pollution is serious. Therefore, the basic way to solve the coal utilization rate is low, serious pollution is reasonable, clean and efficient use of coal resources, the development and application of clean coal technology.2 Clean coal technology development situationsBegan in the 1980 s, the clean coal technology is a new kind of coal processingmethod, is refers to the process of coal development and utilization, aiming to reduce pollutant emissions, improve the utilization efficiency of coal processing and conversion, combustion and the floorboard of the pollution control and a series of new technology, is to make coal as an energy to achieve maximum potential use and release of pollution control at the lowest level, reach the purpose of efficient and clean use of coal technology. Clean coal technology is energy plan, it is involved in the whole national economy includes production and users, and other departments of huge system engineering. On development, to develop and execute a program is usually divided into two levels, namely the recent combined with long-term, combining conventional technology and the development of high and new technology development, at the same time start the installment. The application of conventional technology of coal is washing and combustion and utilization technology, such as fluidized bed combustion, flue gas purification, etc. High and new technology in the new power generation system, coal gasification, and coal liquefaction processes, such as fuel cell power generation, MHD power generation, carbon dioxide, curing and the effective use of technology.In March 1986, the United States pioneered "clean coal technology demonstration project", launched the advanced coal power generation technology, environmental protection equipment, coal processing technology for clean energy technology and industrial applications of the research. The expert thinks, by washing and regular use of technology can solve all the environmental problems in addition to carbon dioxide. That America is a technique of four related research, namely, advanced coal preparation technology, alternative fuel utilization technology, flue gas purification technology and the technology of waste disposal, and four kinds of alternative fuel technology development: the direct liquefaction of coal, coal gasification, hydrogen and synthesis gas, mild gasification. Then the European Union "mega card project", etc., have carried out the research work of clean and efficient utilization of coal. The EU purpose is to promote clean coal development plan of Europe's energy use of the development of new technology, reduce our dependence on oil and coal utilization caused by environmental pollution, improve the efficiency ofenergy conversion and utilization, reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, make more clean coal, by improving the efficiency to reduce coal consumption.Japan to get rid of the over reliance on oil, began to actively implement clean coal technology development plan, and with coal and oil as one of the basic policy of energy. In new energy comprehensive development organizations formed a "clean coal technology center", specifically responsible for the development of coal utilization technology in the 21st century, with hundreds of billions of yen investment cooperation with countries such as Australia, the United States is used for refining and lignite coal liquefaction, gasification and coal-water slurry, etc. The goal is to raise the proportion of coal in the 21st century, not aggravate environmental pollution at the same time. Countries has achieved initial results in clean coal technology, to promote the energy industry and coal processing and utilization of the progress of science and technology, and has substantial gains. On some new development projects, such as a new type of power generation, coal water slurry, gasification, liquefaction, due to the influence of market economy, temporarily can't push as technical reserves, a lot of is to support commercial demonstration project by the state. From the long-term development, especially after the mid 21st century, these technologies will gradually appear.3 Typical coal direct liquefaction processCoal direct liquefaction is coal under proper temperature and pressure, catalytic hydro cracking liquid hydrocarbons and a small amount of gas generated hydrocarbons, removal nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur in coal conversion process of impurity atoms. The typical process is:American HTI process: the process is in two pieces of catalytic liquefaction method and H - developed on the basis of COAL technology, with nearly 10 years development of suspended bed reactor and HTI proprietary iron-based catalyst. Process characteristics: mild reaction conditions, reaction temperature 420 ~ 450 ℃, reaction pressure. The use of special liquid circulation emulated bed reactor, to whole back mixing reactor pattern; Preparation of catalysts are the HTI patent technologyiron series colloidal highly active catalyst, less dosage; Behind the high temperature separator series have online hydrogenation fixed bed reactor, on liquefied oil hydro fining. Solid-liquid separation critical solvent extraction method, from the liquefaction residue maximum recovery of heavy oil, liquefied oil recovery can be enhanced greatly.Before Japan NEDOL process: the process from coal processing unit, liquefied reaction unit, liquefied oil distillation unit and solvent of hydro cracking unit and so on four main unit. Process characteristics: low reaction pressure, only 17 ~ 19 MPa, the reaction temperature is 430 ~ 465 ℃. Catalyst using is synthetic iron sulfide or natural pyrite. Solid-liquid separation is with the method of vacuum distillation. Solvent blending is pulp with the cycle of hydrogenation alone, to increase the ability of solvent for hydrogen. Liquefied oil contains more heteroatom, still must hydrogenation quality to get qualified products.New technology of coal liquefaction in Germany: in 1981, Germany Ruhr mining companies and oil companies charge for the earliest development of coal hydrogenation cracking burgess method was improved for liquid fuels, completion date processing coal 200 t half industrial test device, with operating pressure of 70 MPa down to 30 MPa, reaction temperature 450 ~ 480 ℃.Solid-liquid separation change filter, centrifugal method for vacuum flash, will be difficult to hydrogenation of asphalting in residue gasification, light oil and medium oil yield could reach 50%.Process characteristics: the solvent circulation hydrogenation and liquefied oil quality, and the processing with the direct liquefaction of coal series in a high pressure system, avoid the material separation process cooling step-up step-down and warming bring energy loss, and in a fixed bed made of CO2 and CO machination catalyst, minimizing the loss of carbon. Investment can save about 20%, and improve the energy efficiency.Russian coal hydrogenation liquefaction process, process features: one is adopted the self-developed moment of eddy current warehouse pulverized coal drying technology, hot crushing and porosity in the coal burst, water in a very short period of time to 1.5% ~ 2%, and the specific surface area increased by several times of coal, toimprove reaction activity. The technology is mainly suitable for containing high inherent moisture lignite drying.2 it is to adopt the advanced and efficient molybdenum catalyst, namely, ammonium and molybdenum trioxide. Catalyst addition amount of 0.02% ~ 0.02%, and the catalyst of molybdenum recovery of 85% ~ 95%.Three is for highly active lignite liquefaction pressure is low, can reduce investment and operating cost, less equipment manufacturing difficulty. With molybdenum catalyst, Russia's highly active lignite liquefaction reaction pressure can be reduced to 6 ~ 10 Map, reduce investment and power consumption, reduce costs, and improve the reliability and security. But for coal liquefaction, must increase the pressure.4 Clean coal conversion technologiesCoal clean conversion technology is the important technology in the process of coal clean, efficient utilization, after clean conversion, the shortage of coal can be converted to a variety of chemicals and liquid fuel, and "green" coal and electricity, etc. Coal clean conversion technology mainly include clean coal paralysis technology, clean coal gasification technology, clean coal liquefaction technology, and advanced coal power generation technology, etc.4.1 Clean coal paralysis technologyCoal paralysis is refers to the coal under the condition of air heated to high temperatures and includes a series of complicated physical phenomena and chemical reaction process. Will happen in the process of cross linking fracture and heavy key components of the secondary reaction, the resulting gas (gas), liquid (tar), solid (carpool or coke), and other products, is the foundation of coal thermal conversion. The paralysis of coal way can be roughly divided into conventional paralysis and fast paralysis of two. Conventional paralysis is including paralysis under inert atmosphere and hydrogenated paralysis. Fast paralysis is including hot plasma body heat and cold plasma body heat solutions, etc. Compared with general coal paralysis, high calorific value coal gas can be produced from coal hydrogenation paralysis carpool, high yield of tar with high quality and clean. Hydrogenation of paralysis tar yield and quality were improved obviously and has obvious chemical desulphurization effect. Inaddition, under the condition of fast pyrolysis, the amount of volatile matter and will be significant changes in composition distribution, the main change is in the gaseous product acetylene generated, and it is to turn coal into one of the most important chemical raw material - acetylene created the conditions. Therefore, coal rapidly in rich hydrogen plasma pyrolysis of acetylene with potential industrial development and application prospect, is clean coal conversion, deep processing as well as the ideal way to produce high value-added products. In recent years, some people will coal and biomass, coal and waste plastics, sludge and other wastes pyrolysis, and study the pyrolysis characteristics of them, found a new way for waste.4.2 Clean coal gasification technologyClean coal gasification technology is an important content of clean coal technology. Coal gasification technology is mainly to convert raw coal processing for crude syngas, and then as industrial raw materials, processing into a variety of industrial products. Coal gasification to produce syngas can replace oil and fuel, electricity, heating, liquid or gaseous fuel production. Coal gasification technology has a long history, but the early technology lag behind, there is a high energy consumption, low consumption, large scale, and the shortcomings of the severe pollution. As the development of clean coal technology research, clean coal gasification technology has made significant progress. Clean coal gasification technology with advanced airflow bed reactor, with coal water slurry and dry pulverized coal pressurized gasification for raw materials. The gasification technology for environmental protection standards, wide raw materials adaptability, high efficiency and become a mainstream in the development of coal gasification technology. There are typical gasification process are mainly shell pulverized coal gasification and the Texaco coal-water slurry gasification technology. Two kinds of technology has a wide adaptability, low oxygen consumption of coal type furnace, high thermal efficiency and the characteristics of simple structure, convenient operation and economic, therefore has been widely used. Gas of CO gas can be changed by steam, reaction under the action of a catalyst to get H2, CO2, CO, is the production of urea raw material. In addition, from the beginning of the gas candevelop methanol, formaldehyde, methylamine, acetic acid and a series of carbon chemical products, and can also develop diethyl ether, DMF and hydrogenation products. The diethyl ether is one of the most clean civil fuels, can be the alternative fuel of gasoline, and has broad application prospects. Coal gasification is generated, on the other hand, the ash by high temperature melting, heat can be used, and it is a good building material, to manufacture coal cinder brick, cement and paving materials, etc., to avoid the waste of random pile up and cause environmental pollution.译文洁净煤技术问题研究Wall T摘要煤炭是能源的重要组成部分，并居世界能源的首位。
煤炭词汇定义及英文表述
煤炭词汇定义及英文表述硬煤 hard coal烟煤、无烟煤的统称。
指恒湿无灰基高位发热量不低于24MJ/kg,或虽低于24MJ/kg,但镜质组平均随机反射率不小于0.6%的煤。
褐煤 lignite, brown coal煤化程度低的煤，其外观多呈褐色,光泽暗淡,含有较高的内在水分和不同数量的腐植酸。
石煤 stone-like coal主要由菌藻类植物遗体在早古生代的浅海、 湖、海湾环境下经腐泥化作用和煤化作用转变成的低热值、高煤化程度的固体可燃矿产。
含大量矿物质，以外观似黑色岩石而得名。
矸石 refuse, waste, dirt, debris又称“废石”；曾称“矸子”、“碴石”、“洗矸”。
煤炭生产过程中产生的岩石统称。
包括混入煤中的岩石、巷道掘进排出的岩石、采空区中垮落的岩石、工作面冒落的岩石以及选煤过程中排出的碳质岩等。
煤田 coalfield同一地质时期形成，并大致连续发育的含煤岩系分布区。
面积一般由几十到几百平方公里。
矿区 mining area统一规划和开发的煤田或其一部分。
矿田 mine field煤田内划归一个矿山开采的部分。
地下开采的矿田又称“井田(underground mine field)”;露天开采的矿田又称“露天矿田(surface mine field)”。
矿[山] mine(1) 广义：指有完整独立的生产系统，经营管理上相对独立的矿产品生产单位。
(2) 狭义:指矿井或露天采场。
煤矿 coal mine, colliery生产煤炭的矿山。
地下矿 [underground] mine又称“井工矿”。
地下开采的矿山。
露天矿 surface mine露天开采的矿山。
矿井 [underground] mine组成地下矿完整生产系统的井巷、硐室、装备和地面构筑物的总称。
煤岩学 coal petrology用岩石学方法研究煤的物质成分、性质、成因和工艺用途的学科。
煤［田］地质学 coal geology研究煤、煤层、含煤岩系、煤田及与煤共生矿产的成分、成因、性质和分布规律的学科。