欧洲文化入门第一章PPT课件
合集下载
西方文化入门课件
I. Greek history
•
Stone age
• Greek History { Bronze age
•
Iron age
II. Greek Environment
• Greece, unlike Egypt or Mesopotamia, is
not a place that is easy to live in.
Ancient Greece
• I. Greek History • II. Greek Environment • III. Processing of Greek Civilization • IV. Greek Culture • 1. Greek Mythology • 2. Greek Philosophy • 3. Literature • 4. History • 5. Art and Science
3. unstable
• Another important aspect of the Greek environment is
that it is very unstable. Greece is smack-dab in the middle of a very active volcanic zone, where the Europe tectonic plate meets the Africa tectonic plate. There are several active volcanoes, and earthquakes are also very common. There is a nervous feeling that there could be a natural disaster at any time. This got the Greeks interested in a particular kind of religion which we call oracles. Oracles are the gods speaking to people, often in the form of minor earthquakes, and the gods tell the people what is going to happen in the future.
欧洲文化入门中文版课件
第一章希腊罗马文化希腊罗马文化可以说是欧洲文明的起源，所以这一章节应该是比较重要的章节。
我们先看希腊的发展。
希腊文明分为几个时期，她形成于公元前800－500年，经历了古典时代（也就是公元前500到公元前336年）和希腊化时代（也就是公元前336年到公元前31年）。
希腊文明达到顶峰是公元前5世纪。
公元前146年，希腊被罗马攻克。
希腊文明也就被罗马文明所取代。
这段历史的重要大事有：1、公元前12世纪，随着特洛伊人的入侵，希腊堕入“黑暗时代”。
荷马史诗描述的正是希腊人与特洛伊人之间的战争（《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》）。
这里要注意的是，荷马史诗描述的时代并非荷马生活的时代。
荷马生活在公元前700年。
2、公元前6世纪，希腊世界开始有了全面改变，为后来的古典时代打开了通途。
其中两个重要的城邦国家是雅典和斯巴达。
雅典发展起一个完全不同类型的社会，公元前594年，梭伦成为雅典的首席执行官，他的贡献在于，在组织上为以后建立著名的雅典民主奠定了基础。
雅典之所以在当时拥有卓越的地位，是因为它在打败庞大的波斯帝国这场重大战争中起了最主要的作用。
历史之父希罗多德在他的历史书中进行了详尽的描述。
3、由于雅典的不断扩张引起了斯巴达的恐慌，因而在公元前431年爆发了伯罗奔尼撒战争。
战争最终以雅典的失败而告终。
修昔底得这位历史上最伟大的历史学家在其作品中，详尽描写了这一战争。
4、伯罗奔尼撒战争后，斯巴达专横跋扈，底比斯和雅典为求相互保护而结成新的联盟。
公元前371年，马其顿国王腓力二世打败了底比斯和雅典联军，他的闻名世界的儿子亚历山大大帝统治了希腊。
至此，古典时代结束，希腊化时代即将开始。
古典时代的希腊造就了一批哲学家和剧作家。
哲学家主要以苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德为代表。
苏格拉底提出自由辩论的重要性。
柏拉图的目标是要实现一个既能维持贵族特权，又可为贫苦阶级接受的社会，并构件了唯心主义的根基。
亚力士多德寻求自然界和人类社会各个方面的秩序。
(欧洲文化)PPT课件
（宗教精神）：宗教在人们的文化心理上，同时也是在西 方社会的整个文化价值体系中，起到了这样一些作用：一 是精神的寄托与安慰。人在来自自然与社会的生存压力下， 在异化的生存条件下，以此进行自我调节，缓解心理压力， 求得心理平衡。二是宗教的原罪与忏悔的观念，对上帝的 敬畏，使人对自己的行为进行自觉的自我约束规范，这与 法制制约恰好形成互补，有利于社会的稳定平衡。三是如 马克斯·韦伯在《新教伦理与资本主义精神》中所认为的， 新教伦理一方面适度肯定人的世俗生活享受和谋利行为， 以及追求财富的权力，使人具有创造财富的动力；另一方 面则又倡导敬业、勤勉、节俭精神，提倡理性的禁欲主义， 反对放纵享乐的恶行，则有利于积累资本发展生产，因此 宗教在资本主义发展中起过重要作用。 从总体上看，西 方文化在天人二分的哲学观念和分析思维的基础上，历来 是追求科学精神与人文精神的并行发展，从而形成了自身 特有的文化精神及其传统。
欧洲文化概况
姚素馨
联系方式: 62557090
主要内容
东西方文化的差异 西方文化的渊源 古希腊罗马文化对西方文化的影响 中世纪宗教文化 文艺复兴 近代资本主义文化
近代欧洲
学习欧洲文化的意义
认识世界、走向世界的最佳途径，就是学习其他 民族的文化与历史，借鉴他人所长，弥补自己所 短。
四、西方文化的宗教精神
西方文化传统中的一个重要方面和组成部分是宗教文化， 其中主要是基督教文化。历史上它曾占据过重要的社会 地位（如中世纪），后来西方的科学与民主精神不断发 展，但西方人仍然没有抛弃宗教，据有关资料显示现今 西方仍有35%的人信仰基督教，并仍呈蔓延之势。可以 说，在西方文化中，宗教文化不只是一种独立的文化形 态，同时它的精神也渗透到了整个西方文化之中。 过 去我们说宗教是麻醉和毒害人民的鸦片，这在人民革命 时代确实如此。但是从整个西方社会和文化的发展来看， 宗教为何盛行不衰？它有什么作用？确实值得研究。 西方宗教的产生和流行，我想还是与西方的整个文化传 统和思维方式有关。
西方文化入门课件
I. Greek history
•Stone age• Greek History { Bronze age •
Iron age
II. Greek Environment
• Greece, unlike Egypt or Mesopotamia, is
not a place that is easy to live in. • 1. mountainous • 2. coastline • 3. unstable • 4. trees
Ancient Greece
• • • • • • • • •
I. Greek History II. Greek Environment III. Processing of Greek Civilization IV. Greek Culture 1. Greek Mythology 2. Greek Philosophy 3. Literature 4. History 5. Art and Science
I. Greek history
• Greece is a much harder place to live than Egypt,
because the soil is not as good and there is not always enough water to grow plants for food. So people did not move there until a lot of centuries later. Our first evidence of real settlement in Greece comes from about 55,000 BC (57,000 years ago). Even then there were not very many people until around 3000 BC. Greek history is usually divided into a Stone Age, a Bronze Age, and an Iron Age. Sometimes people divide each of these periods into smaller periods as well.
欧洲文化入门 ppt课件
It was the morning那天早晨
It was the morning of that blessed day, 那一天，太阳也为哀悼上帝变得阴晦 Whereon the Sun in pity veiled his glare 我不曾抵抗就做了俘虏， For the Lord's agony, that, unaware, 因为，夫人，您那美丽的眼睛射出的无形视线 I fell a captive, Lady, to the sway 将我捆缚起来，如同囚犯一般。 Of your swift eyes; that seemed no time to stay 当时我没有意识到预防爱神的纠缠， The strokes of love: I stepped into the snare 依然若无其事、自信地迈步向前…… Secure, with no suspicion: then and there 殊不知就在此刻，我的感情之苦 I found my cue in man's most tragic play. 已经伴随着人间之痛一起涌起波涟。 Love caught me naked in his shaft, his sheaf, 在爱神面前我毫无防范， The entrance for his ambush and surprise 从眼睛到心灵全都门扉大开， Against the heart wide open through the eyes, 双眼变成热泪流淌的通道和源泉。 The constant gate and fountain of my grief 但我以为，此情此景之下 How craven so to strike me so, 用箭射中我并不是什么荣耀， Yet from you fully armed conceal his bow!因为对您，一个有防范的人，它从不会放箭。
It was the morning of that blessed day, 那一天，太阳也为哀悼上帝变得阴晦 Whereon the Sun in pity veiled his glare 我不曾抵抗就做了俘虏， For the Lord's agony, that, unaware, 因为，夫人，您那美丽的眼睛射出的无形视线 I fell a captive, Lady, to the sway 将我捆缚起来，如同囚犯一般。 Of your swift eyes; that seemed no time to stay 当时我没有意识到预防爱神的纠缠， The strokes of love: I stepped into the snare 依然若无其事、自信地迈步向前…… Secure, with no suspicion: then and there 殊不知就在此刻，我的感情之苦 I found my cue in man's most tragic play. 已经伴随着人间之痛一起涌起波涟。 Love caught me naked in his shaft, his sheaf, 在爱神面前我毫无防范， The entrance for his ambush and surprise 从眼睛到心灵全都门扉大开， Against the heart wide open through the eyes, 双眼变成热泪流淌的通道和源泉。 The constant gate and fountain of my grief 但我以为，此情此景之下 How craven so to strike me so, 用箭射中我并不是什么荣耀， Yet from you fully armed conceal his bow!因为对您，一个有防范的人，它从不会放箭。
欧洲文化入门ppt
id
The Gattamelata Equestrian Statue 格太梅拉达骑马像
Renaissance
• Giorgione乔尔乔内
(use of colour schemes配色)
Sleeping Venus
Tempesta：a group of pictures(scene before, in and after the storm)
Renaissance
(around1300-1650)
Renaissance
•我是人，人所具有的我无不具有。 —— 拉丁诗人 特伦斯（2 B.C.） •Renaissance(humanism) & CounterReformation 宗教改革→against the Middle Ages •The second half of the 15th century: modern time of the West(1492 for America) •The rise of Capitalism
Medieval architecture
• Between the time of Roman Architecture (30BC-300 AD) and the rebirth of Rome as the center of architecture during the Renaissance( 1400-1600), there were 4 overlapping, but distinctive periods of architecture: Early Christian, Byzantine, Romanesque and Gothic .The common belief in Christianity created an architectural and social unifying force. The great monuments of this period were all designed for the greater glorification of the Christian God.
The Gattamelata Equestrian Statue 格太梅拉达骑马像
Renaissance
• Giorgione乔尔乔内
(use of colour schemes配色)
Sleeping Venus
Tempesta：a group of pictures(scene before, in and after the storm)
Renaissance
(around1300-1650)
Renaissance
•我是人，人所具有的我无不具有。 —— 拉丁诗人 特伦斯（2 B.C.） •Renaissance(humanism) & CounterReformation 宗教改革→against the Middle Ages •The second half of the 15th century: modern time of the West(1492 for America) •The rise of Capitalism
Medieval architecture
• Between the time of Roman Architecture (30BC-300 AD) and the rebirth of Rome as the center of architecture during the Renaissance( 1400-1600), there were 4 overlapping, but distinctive periods of architecture: Early Christian, Byzantine, Romanesque and Gothic .The common belief in Christianity created an architectural and social unifying force. The great monuments of this period were all designed for the greater glorification of the Christian God.
欧洲文化入门第一章
Euripides (484-406B.C.) (484Plays: Andromache安德洛 Andromache安德洛 玛刻(赫克托耳的忠实妻子) 玛刻(赫克托耳的忠实妻子), Medea美狄亚and Medea美狄亚and Trojan Women特洛伊女人 Women特洛伊女人 He was more a realist than Aeschylus and Sophocles, aoncerned with conflics. He may be called the first writer of “problem plays” plays”
History
Question: How should history be written? Which history book do you like best? Why? Herodotus (484-430B.C.) (484He is often called “Father of History”, wrote about History” the wars between Greeks and Persians. His history, full of anecdotes and digressions and lively dialogue, is wonderfully readable.
Lyric Poetry Sappho (about 612-580 B.C.), women 612poets of Lesbos, is noted for her love poems of passionate intensity. She was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. Plato called her the tenth Muse. Pindar (about 518-438B.C.) is best 518known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the 14 Olympian odes.
欧洲文化入门中文版课件
第一章希腊罗马文化希腊罗马文化可以说是欧洲文明的起源，所以这一章节应该是比较重要的章节。
我们先看希腊的发展。
希腊文明分为几个时期，她形成于公元前800－500年，经历了古典时代（也就是公元前500到公元前336年）和希腊化时代（也就是公元前336年到公元前31年）。
希腊文明达到顶峰是公元前5世纪。
公元前146年，希腊被罗马攻克。
希腊文明也就被罗马文明所取代。
这段历史的重要大事有：1、公元前12世纪，随着特洛伊人的入侵，希腊堕入“黑暗时代”。
荷马史诗描述的正是希腊人与特洛伊人之间的战争（《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》）。
这里要注意的是，荷马史诗描述的时代并非荷马生活的时代。
荷马生活在公元前700年。
2、公元前6世纪，希腊世界开始有了全面改变，为后来的古典时代打开了通途。
其中两个重要的城邦国家是雅典和斯巴达。
雅典发展起一个完全不同类型的社会，公元前594年，梭伦成为雅典的首席执行官，他的贡献在于，在组织上为以后建立著名的雅典民主奠定了基础。
雅典之所以在当时拥有卓越的地位，是因为它在打败庞大的波斯帝国这场重大战争中起了最主要的作用。
历史之父希罗多德在他的历史书中进行了详尽的描述。
3、由于雅典的不断扩张引起了斯巴达的恐慌，因而在公元前431年爆发了伯罗奔尼撒战争。
战争最终以雅典的失败而告终。
修昔底得这位历史上最伟大的历史学家在其作品中，详尽描写了这一战争。
4、伯罗奔尼撒战争后，斯巴达专横跋扈，底比斯和雅典为求相互保护而结成新的联盟。
公元前371年，马其顿国王腓力二世打败了底比斯和雅典联军，他的闻名世界的儿子亚历山大大帝统治了希腊。
至此，古典时代结束，希腊化时代即将开始。
古典时代的希腊造就了一批哲学家和剧作家。
哲学家主要以苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德为代表。
苏格拉底提出自由辩论的重要性。
柏拉图的目标是要实现一个既能维持贵族特权，又可为贫苦阶级接受的社会，并构件了唯心主义的根基。
亚力士多德寻求自然界和人类社会各个方面的秩序。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Drama developed in the 5th century B.C. Open-air theatres, stone benches,
looking down at the stage from three sides, actors with masks
11
a. Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.)
Games, revived in 1896
7
3. Homer
Homer (around 7th century B.C.) , author
of the ancient Greek epics—Iliad and Odyssey—the Trojan War in around 1200
B.C.荷马史诗，《伊利亚特》与《奥德 赛》，特洛伊战争
4
Greece and Troy
5
Rule of Alexander
Ancient Greek king of Macedon (336–323 BC)马其顿, ancient kingdom in the northern-most part of ancient Greece
Alexander fighting Persian king
3
Trojan War 特洛伊战争
In Greek mythology and in Iliad and Odyssey
by Homer About 1,200 B. C. War between Greece and Troy Fought over the beautiful Helen Lasted for 10 years Trojan horse, Laocoon(p33) Troy defeated
埃斯库罗斯
The “Father of Tragedy” , one of the three great ancient Greek tragedians古希腊悲剧作 家
Said to have written over ninety plays, only seven have survived.
12
Prometheus Bound
Based on the myth of Prometheus, a titan泰坦神族人 who gave the gift of fire to mortals and was punished by the god Zeus.
Division One
Greek Culture and Roman Culture
1
I. Greek Culture
1. Historical context 2. Social and political structure 3. Homer 4. Lyric poetry 5. Drama 6. History 7. Philosophy and science 8. Art, architecture, sculpture and pottery 9. Impact
2
1. Historical context
War between Greece and Troy in about 1,200 B. C.
Greek culture in the 5th century B. C. Civil war between Athens and Sparta Rule of Alexander in the 4th century B. C. In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.
see these great works incorporated into
the curriculum of almost every high
school in America.
8
4. Lyric poetry
Sappho (about 612-580 B. C.)萨福 Woman poet of Lesbos, love poems, the most
important lyric poet of ancient Greece Pindar--Greek lyric poet 品达
Of the canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, Pindar is the one whose work is best preserved, and some critics since antiquity have regarded him as the greatest.
The United States alone owes so much to
the Greeks. The Iliad and the Odyssey are
believed to have been major parts of a
young Greek's education, and today we
Two actors and a chorus, written in verse, vivid characters, and majestic poetry
Prometheus Bound《被缚的普罗米修斯》
Persians, the oldest surviving play in history Agamemnon –p15
6
2. Social and political structure
Democracy— “exercise of power by the whole people”, the adult male citizens
Economy—slave labor Sports –Olympus Mount—Olympicoduction to Greek Drama a. Aeschylus b. Sophocles c. Euripides d. Comedy
10
Introduction to Greek Drama
Ancient Greeks performed plays at religious festivals.
looking down at the stage from three sides, actors with masks
11
a. Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.)
Games, revived in 1896
7
3. Homer
Homer (around 7th century B.C.) , author
of the ancient Greek epics—Iliad and Odyssey—the Trojan War in around 1200
B.C.荷马史诗，《伊利亚特》与《奥德 赛》，特洛伊战争
4
Greece and Troy
5
Rule of Alexander
Ancient Greek king of Macedon (336–323 BC)马其顿, ancient kingdom in the northern-most part of ancient Greece
Alexander fighting Persian king
3
Trojan War 特洛伊战争
In Greek mythology and in Iliad and Odyssey
by Homer About 1,200 B. C. War between Greece and Troy Fought over the beautiful Helen Lasted for 10 years Trojan horse, Laocoon(p33) Troy defeated
埃斯库罗斯
The “Father of Tragedy” , one of the three great ancient Greek tragedians古希腊悲剧作 家
Said to have written over ninety plays, only seven have survived.
12
Prometheus Bound
Based on the myth of Prometheus, a titan泰坦神族人 who gave the gift of fire to mortals and was punished by the god Zeus.
Division One
Greek Culture and Roman Culture
1
I. Greek Culture
1. Historical context 2. Social and political structure 3. Homer 4. Lyric poetry 5. Drama 6. History 7. Philosophy and science 8. Art, architecture, sculpture and pottery 9. Impact
2
1. Historical context
War between Greece and Troy in about 1,200 B. C.
Greek culture in the 5th century B. C. Civil war between Athens and Sparta Rule of Alexander in the 4th century B. C. In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.
see these great works incorporated into
the curriculum of almost every high
school in America.
8
4. Lyric poetry
Sappho (about 612-580 B. C.)萨福 Woman poet of Lesbos, love poems, the most
important lyric poet of ancient Greece Pindar--Greek lyric poet 品达
Of the canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, Pindar is the one whose work is best preserved, and some critics since antiquity have regarded him as the greatest.
The United States alone owes so much to
the Greeks. The Iliad and the Odyssey are
believed to have been major parts of a
young Greek's education, and today we
Two actors and a chorus, written in verse, vivid characters, and majestic poetry
Prometheus Bound《被缚的普罗米修斯》
Persians, the oldest surviving play in history Agamemnon –p15
6
2. Social and political structure
Democracy— “exercise of power by the whole people”, the adult male citizens
Economy—slave labor Sports –Olympus Mount—Olympicoduction to Greek Drama a. Aeschylus b. Sophocles c. Euripides d. Comedy
10
Introduction to Greek Drama
Ancient Greeks performed plays at religious festivals.