酚醛树脂缩写
酚醛树脂的hs code

酚醛树脂的hs code
酚醛树脂的HS编码是39094000。
酚醛树脂,又称为酚醛塑料,是一种热固性树脂。
它由酚和醛通过缩聚反应制得。
酚醛树脂具有优异的机械性能、电绝缘性能和耐热性能,因此广泛用于制造电器、家具、建筑材料、汽车零部件等领域。
酚醛树脂的HS编码为39094000,其中39表示塑料及其制品,09表示其他塑料,4000表示其他酚醛树脂。
酚醛树脂是一种热固性塑料,具有良好的耐热性和机械性能。
它可以在高温下保持稳定性,并具有较高的强度和硬度。
这使得酚醛树脂成为一种理想的材料,适用于制造需要耐高温和高强度的零部件。
酚醛树脂还具有优异的电绝缘性能,可以阻止电流的流动。
因此,它常用于制造电器和电子设备的绝缘部件,如插座、开关、绝缘板等。
酚醛树脂还具有耐化学腐蚀性,可以在腐蚀性环境中长期使用。
除了上述特点外,酚醛树脂还具有良好的耐磨性和耐磨损性。
它可以抵抗摩擦和磨损,因此常用于制造滑动零部件,如轴承、齿轮、刷子等。
酚醛树脂的耐磨性还使其成为一种优秀的涂料材料,可以用于涂装汽车、船舶和建筑物。
酚醛树脂还具有较好的耐候性和耐老化性。
它可以在室外环境中长
期使用而不受影响。
这使得酚醛树脂成为一种常用的建筑材料,可用于制造外墙板、屋顶瓦片和装饰材料。
酚醛树脂是一种多功能的热固性塑料,具有优异的机械性能、电绝缘性能和耐热性能。
它在电器、家具、建筑材料、汽车零部件等领域有广泛的应用。
酚醛树脂的HS编码为39094000,通过该编码可以方便地进行国际贸易和海关申报。
酚醛树脂的简介

热塑性线性酚醛树脂
熔融纺丝 固化处理
酚醛纤维
防化服 耐燃织物等等 酚醛纤维 为主体材料, 浸渍PTFE及特种 润 滑剂,经编织制成 的绳状或环状密封产品
高温性能
保温隔热材料
(以酚醛树脂的发泡材料为主)
保温、隔热、防火、质轻
优异的防火性能
保温层
防火隔离带
粘结性能
与其他材料相容性好,交联后,可以为磨具、耐火材料,摩擦材料,绝缘 材料等。
路线A
酚/醛=1:(1.2~2.0) PH>7
苯酚和甲醛
路线B
酚/醛=1:(0.8~0.9) PH<3
甲阶酚醛树脂
加热或加酸
线性热塑性酚醛树脂
加入固化剂 加热
乙阶酚醛树脂
加热或加酸
丙阶酚醛树脂
■发展历史 ■原理与制法
■性能与应用
高残碳率
重要 抗化学性 性能
热处理
高温性能
酚醛树脂在高温下也能保持其结构的整体性和尺寸的稳 定性。经适当改性,可应用于多个领域
酚醛树脂的一些局限性
酚醛树脂的生产和使用会给环 境带来一定程度的污染 对策
废旧酚醛树脂产品及其 复合材料的循环利用
废水处理
酚醛树脂的发展方向
1.高附加值 尖端领域如军事,航天航空等 2.环保型 如不含甲醛的新酚醛树脂(由苯酚和芳烷基醚替代)
LOGO
谢谢大家!
酚 醛 树 脂
热固性型
原料配比 官能度大小 催化剂类型
热塑性型
加入固化剂(如六亚甲基四胺)后 才可反应形成具有三向网络结构的 固化树脂。
1、加成反应 2、缩聚反应(以苯酚与甲醛 为例)
1、加成反应:苯酚与甲醛作用,在苯酚的邻位或对位上引入羟 甲基
酚醛树脂概述

酚醛树脂概述酚醛树脂(Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin,PF),也称为电木或电木粉。
酚醛树脂是由酚类化合物(如苯酚、甲酚、二甲酚、间苯二酚、叔丁酚、双酚A等)与醛类化合物(如甲醛、乙醛、多聚甲醛、糠醛等)在碱性或酸性催化剂作用下,经加成缩聚反应制得的一类聚合物的统称。
它是合成树脂中发现最早、最先实现工业化生产的树脂品种,已有百年历史。
1872年,德国化学家Bayer首先发现酚和醛在酸的存在下可以缩合得到无定形棕红色的不可处理的树枝状产物,但未开展研究;1902年,布卢默(Blumer)用酒石酸作催化剂,得到了第一个商业化酚醛树脂,命名为Laccain,但没有形成工业化规模;1905—1907年,酚醛树脂创始人美国科学家贝克兰(Baekeland)对酚醛树脂进行了系统而广泛的研究,并于1909年提出了关于酚醛树脂“加压、加热”固化的专利,实现了酚醛树脂的实用化,解决了重大的关键问题。
1910年在柏林吕格斯工厂建立通用酚醛树脂公司,实现了工业生产。
1911年,艾尔斯沃思提出用六亚甲基四胺固化热塑性酚醛树脂,并制得性能良好的塑料制品,获得广泛的应用。
1913年,德国科学家阿尔贝特(Albert)发明在苯酚-甲醛酸性缩合物中加松香,制得了油溶性酚醛树脂。
这一发明开辟了酚醛树脂在涂料工业中的应用。
1969年,由美国金刚砂公司开发了以苯酚-甲醛树脂为原料制得的纤维,随后由日本基诺尔公司投入生产。
酚醛树脂作为三大热固性树脂之一,其产量在合成高分子聚合物中居第五位,在热固性树脂中居第一位。
以选用催化剂的不同,酚醛树脂可分为热固性和热塑性两类。
以酚醛树脂为主要成分并添加大量其他助剂而制得的制品称为酚醛塑料,主要包括PF模塑料制品、PF层压制品、PF泡沫塑料制品、PF纤维制品、PF铸造制品、PF封装材料等。
1.酚醛树脂的生产酚醛树脂的生产可以按两条具有显著差异的工艺路线来生产,即通称为热塑性树脂(又称二步法树脂、线型树脂、Novolak树脂)路线和热固性树脂(又称一步法树脂、甲阶或A阶树脂、Resole树脂)路线,两条工艺路线示意图如图2-12所示。
酚醛树脂(PF)

概述
酚醛树脂(PF)是最早合成的高分子化合物和用于胶粘剂工业的品种之一。
它是由苯酚(甲酚、二甲酚或间苯二酚)与甲醛在酸性或碱性催化剂存在下缩聚而成的,
酚醛树脂胶具有优良的耐热性、耐化学介质性、耐老化、耐水性和电气绝缘性,其胶接强度高,能耐高温,在300℃下仍有较高的胶接强度。
例如胶接金属(钢)时,剪切强度在300℃为6Mpa,但最大缺点是胶层脆性较大且剥离强度低。
为此采用丁腈橡胶、聚乙烯醇缩醛和尼龙进行改性。
在工业上由于原料和催化剂的不同,其牌号很多,可分为:热固性酚醛树脂、热塑性酚醛树脂和水溶性酚醛树脂。
1.在热固性PF中加入苯甲醇约10%树脂,可减少羟甲基的缩合反应,延长树脂的贮存期。
2.用20%的二氯丙醇醚化PF,其100℃下的固化物能耐30%的NaOH溶液,加入环氧树脂亦能提高PF的耐碱性能。
国产树脂牌号与性能
酚醛树脂合成化学
酚类(苯酚、甲基苯酚、间苯二酚)和醛类(甲醛和糠醛)进行缩合反应就得到酚醛树脂。
在苯酚分子中酚羟基的对位和两个邻位都能与甲醛反应,生成各种羟甲基苯酚的异构体。
反应的总进度与介质PH值和原料克分子比有关:
①、与介质PH值的关系。
当PH=4-5,PH变化对反应速度影响很小,PH< 4时,反应为酸催化型,反应速度与HP的浓度成正比或跟PH值成反比;PH > 5,反应为碱催化型,反应速度与[OH-]成正比,跟PH成正比。
②、当等克分子或甲醛过量时,产物为热固性甲阶酚醛树脂(碱催化);当苯酚过量,产物为线性酚醛树脂(酸催化)。
酚醛树脂(phenolic resin)

酚醛树脂(phenolic resin)1. introduction:Phenolic resin is the world's first found and thermosetting synthetic resin industry, as raw materials, synthesis process and convenient, has the mechanical strength and good heat resistance, has excellent mechanical properties and electrical properties, has the characteristics of high temperature creep resistance heat resistance, flame retardant, it is still widely used in plastics, friction material, adhesive, coating, casting resin, foam and other fields. However, with the rapid development of industrial economy, more and more requirements for the properties of phenolic resin have been put forward. The reaction mechanism, structure and properties of phenolic resin are still deeply studied. Many achievements have been made in toughening, reinforcing and modifying of phenolic resin. A variety of phenolic composite materials have also been listed as human engineering plastics series. Phenolic hydroxyl groups and methylene groups in phenolic resin structure are easily oxidized, so that their heat resistance is affected, and phenolic resin is brittle after curing. Therefore, until now, how to improve phenolic resin and apply it to industry is still an important topic.2. technology development:The development of bakelite, after all to the modification of phenolic resin modified phenolic resin, now mainly in the following aspects: 1. using natural plant oil modified phenolic resin; 2. using thermal plastic resin modified phenolic resin;3. low molecular chemical modified phenolic resin; modifiedphenolic resin 4. thermosetting resin; 5. rubber modified phenolic resin; 6. nano material toughened phenolic resin; 7. thermotropic liquid crystal toughened phenolic resin.2.1 natural vegetable oil modified phenolic resinThe natural plant oil modified phenolic resin is chemically modified, flexible long chain molecular structure in vegetable oil containing double bond or conjugated triple bond, by double or triple bond phenolic resin synthesized in the reaction process, the flexible long chain into rigid phenolic molecule chain, play in the role of toughening, thereby improving the phenolic resin brittle.2.1.1 cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resinCashew nut shell oil is a by-product of cashew processing, and it is a very rich biological resource. Compared with phenol, cashew nut shell oil is much cheaper. From the structure of main components can be seen, the characteristics of cashew oil both phenolic compounds, aliphatic compounds and flexible, with the modified phenolic resin, heat resistance and toughness were significantly improved and modified products used for friction materials, friction performance, flexible film formed on the surface of carbonization process of friction easy to fall off, the friction and heat state of the material surface evenly, ensure stable friction properties. A cashew oil modified phenolic resin was synthesized by Novalac Liu Xuemei, the middle shell oil content is continuous, notched impact strength and flexural strength of cashew oil modified phenolic resins and molding materials were increased by 10.7% and 14.8%. Thisis because the long alkane chain structure of cashew shell oil in existence, the equivalent in phenolic resin matrix are introduced in the flexible chain, to the toughening effect of phenolic resin, so as to increase the notched impact strength of molding materials prepared and bending strength.2.1.2 tung oil modified phenolic resinWhen tung oil reacted with phenol, tung oil became positive ion under the action of acid catalyst, and then reacted with phenol instead of phenol. When the ratio of phenol / tung oil is greater than 6, the interpenetrating network of phenolic resin modified by tung oil and tung oil is obtained, thus improving the toughness of phenolic resin. Shang Shibin with tung oil, bismaleimide maleic anhydride, reaction with phenolic resin, prepared Eleostearic Acid Anhydride imide phenolic resin by thermal analysis method of tung oil anhydride imide resin at 170 degrees bake for 4 h, the measured temperature index of up to 165.8 DEG C, indicating a good heat-resistant resin. Li Chao of tung oil / phenolic resin and nano SiO2 / 2 phenolic / tung oil modified phenolic resin were studied. The results show that the decomposition temperature in 420 degrees Celsius above their initial heat, nano SiO2 / tung oil / phenolaldehyde system heat resistance is better than that of phenolic / tung oil, and 600 C, the former than the latter in each a focus on the loss of heat temperature has increased by 30 to 50 DEG C. A friction material made of this tung oil modified phenolic resin,Not only the friction coefficient of low temperature (100~200 DEG C) remains at 0.45 ~ 0.51, but also the friction coefficient at high temperature (200~300 DEG C) is up to 0.38 ~ 0.51, andthe friction factor recovery performance is good, and can be maintained at more than 0.40.2.1.3 Catalpol modified phenolic resinThe phenolic resin modified by catalpa oil is a kind of resin which reacts the excess phenol with vegetable oil under acidic conditions, and then reacts with formaldehyde under alkaline condition to produce the resin. The principle is similar to that of Tung oil. It was found that the toughness and heat resistance of phenolic resin modified by catalpa oil were improved.2.1.4 linseed oil modified phenolic resinLinseed oil is eighteen carbon three acid esters of glycerol, 3 non conjugated double bonds in the molecule, in the presence of acid and linseed oil non conjugated three ene of nuclear phenol alkylation reaction, obtained linseed oil modified phenolic resin, improve the toughness of resin. Study on phenolic resin modified by linseed oil on Yuan Xinhua's show in 320 ~ 600 DEG C linseed oil modified phenolic resin was 53.11%, while the ordinary phenolic resin 73.51% weight loss; the peak temperature of thermal decomposition, common phenolic resin 400 ~ 425 and 540 ~ 600 DEG C, and linseed oil modified is 440 ~ 470 C and 600 to 660 DEG C. Linseed oil modified phenolic resin for testing wear properties and mechanical properties of friction material showed that the modified resin adhesion and toughness are improved, the friction coefficient of the material is large and stable, low wear rate, impact strength, hardness, can be used as matrix resin for high performance friction materials.2.2 thermoplastic resin modified phenolic resinThe blending of thermoplastic resin with phenolic resin is a simple and easy way to strengthen and toughen. Thermoplastic resins for strengthening and toughening include polyether, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetals.2.2.1 polyether modified phenolic resinGe Dongbiao et al modified phenolic resins with a series of different molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) and active polyethers. The tensile strength and elongation at break of PEG modified phenolic resin begin to increase with the increase of molecular weight of PEG. When the molecular weight is 1000, the peak value is reached, and then decreases with the increase of molecular weight of PEG. For the same molecular weight PEG and active polyether, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the modified polyether are better than those of the corresponding PEG modification. Among them, the tensile strength and elongation of PEG1000 modified phenolic resin 11.546MPa and 2.358% respectively; the tensile strength and elongation of 1000 active polyether modified phenolic resin 19.032MPa and 3.779% respectively. In addition, the effect of toughening modification of active polyether is better than that of carboxyl terminated nitrile rubber. This is mainly because the hydroxyl of -NCO based active polyether resin reaction more easily and makes the introduction of flexible ether phenolic resin chain network system, and the reaction probability of hydroxy carboxyl and hydroxyl of PEG1000 resin and carboxyl terminated nitrile rubber in the very small, tend to be morephysical modification.2.2.2 polyamide modified phenolic resinPolyamide has good toughness and mechanical properties. It can be co cured with phenolic resin or form a partially interpenetrating network structure to improve mechanical properties of the resin. Gao Yuejing, with three yuan of nylon modified phenolic resin was found in modified phenolic resin system, nylon as dispersed phase, phenolic resin as continuous phase copolymerization of dispersion phase particle size distribution was narrow, the mechanical properties of plastic is much better than that of blends of plastic material. The impact strength of modified nylon resin modified by unmodified resin, blending three yuan nylon and copolymerization three yuan is 57 KJ/m2, 47.1 KJ/m2 and 112 KJ/m2 respectively. The properties of copolymer modified resins are best due to the formation of graft phase copolymers during the synthesis and curing of modified resins. In addition, the phenolic resin toughened with nylon 3 has obtained good results. The nylon 3 molecule contains amide groups which react with hydroxymethyl groups in the phenolic resin, thereby improving the impact toughness and adhesion of the phenolic resin, and maintaining the advantages of the phenolic resin. The impact strength of the resin before and after modification is 3.5 to 4.5KJ/m2 and 5~12 KJ/m2 respectively, and the tensile strength is 7 to 11MPa and 15 to 20MPa respectively.2.2.3 polyvinyl alcohol modified phenolic resinIn the curing process of phenolic resin, if the PVA is added, the hydroxyl groups on the polyvinyl alcohol will react with the hydroxymethyl group of the phenolic polymer to form the graft copolymer. Jiang Detang in the development of a new HF- I modified epoxy resin, adding polyvinyl alcohol modifier. The results show that the addition of modifier to improve resin adhesion, improve the brittleness of phenolic resin, reduce the curing rate, thereby reducing the molding pressure, the toughening effect of phenolic resin on. However, the amount of use should not be too high, otherwise it will affect its strength.2.2.4 polyvinyl butyral modified phenolic resinThe phenolic resin modified with polyvinyl alcohol acetal is a modified phenolic resin which is applied earlier in industry. Under heating conditions, hydroxyl groups in polyvinyl acetals can undergo dehydration reactions with hydroxyl groups in phenolic resins to form graft or block copolymers. Polyvinyl alcohol acetal can improve the brittleness of phenolic resin, improve adhesion and mechanical properties, and reduce molding pressure. However, because of the introduction of longer fat chains in the structure of phenolic resins, heat resistance is affected. In order to improve the heat resistance, the polyvinyl alcohol acetal with higher heat resistance is often used, and a certain proportion of organosilicon monomer is added.2.3 low molecular chemical modified phenolic resin2.3.1 dicarboxylic acid modified phenolic resinThe molecular weight of the polymer molecules can also be used to improve the brittleness of resole resin (DA4), adipic acid, suberic acid (DA6), sebacic acid (DA8) and twelve alkyl acid (DA10) can be used to improve the brittleness of resole resin.A study found that the elasticity of dicarboxylic acid and resole resin in curing process in the reaction of ester bond formation, and also can be formed in the dibasic acid ester bond of carboxyl and hydroxyl methyl reaction into phenolic resin in brittle tensile strength of modified resin, toughness and fracture elongation increased with the increase of DA8 content, but the content in per gram of resin DA8 is over 0.014mol the performance decreased. Indicating the incorporation of flexible groups containing dibasic acid can improve the brittleness of resin. The performance of the modified resin decreased after the content of DA8 exceeded 0.014mol, indicating that more DA8 would lead to a decrease in the properties of the resin, or an unreacted DA8 would become defective in phase separation. When the phenolic resin was modified with DA6 with the best molecular chain length, the tensile strength of the resin increased by 54% and the toughness increased by 64%.2.3.2 halogenated phenolic resin modified by cyanogenLinear phenolic resins can react with cyanogen halides to form phenolic three - triazine resins. Novolac resin first with cyanogen bromide and three yuan amine reaction of Novolac Cyanate Ester and Novolac Cyanate Ester in the heat under the action of the cyclization reaction of three, eventually formingthree phenolic cyanate resin mesh structure. Phenol three Benzoxazine Resin has the following characteristics: the solubility of melt viscosity and gel time length, thermal oxidative stability, long-term in a low boiling solvent high low, under different curing conditions of Tg can reach 399 DEG C, polyimide system elongation and fracture mechanics with high performance, low toxicity, low the flame retardancy and smoke rate. At the same time, the network structure of phenolic three triazine contains tenacity ether bond, so it has better toughness after modification.2.3.3 molybdenum modified phenolic resinMolybdenum phenolic resin (Mo2PF) is a modified phenolic resin in which the metal element molybdenum is chemically bonded to the main molecular chain of the phenolic resin by chemical reaction. Is the reaction by molybdate and phenol in the presence of catalyst into molybdate benzene ester, phenyl ester and molybdate addition reaction and condensation reaction with formaldehyde, generation of phenolic resin, after cooling is a green solid, with the increase of molybdenum content in the resin resin, the initial decomposition temperature rise. Liu Xiaohong et al made aluminum phenolic resin with aluminum modifier, phenol and formaldehyde as main raw materials. The metal molybdenum could enter the molecular chain of phenolic resin, and the great bonding O - MO - O bond could connect the benzene ring to improve the heat resistance. The thermal decomposition temperature of modified phenolic resin prepared by this method can reach 522 DEG C, and the weight loss is only 17.5% at 600 centigrade,Other properties are comparable to that of ordinary phenolic resins. In addition, the in situ polymerization method was used to improve the heat resistance, impact properties and tensile properties of the molybdenum phenolic resin /TiO2 nanocomposite by filling and modifying the surface treated nano TiO2. Zhang Shuangqing with phenol and formaldehyde in the first synthesis of hydroxymethyl phenol, and molybdic acid and hydroxymethyl by esterification reaction to obtain a new thermosetting phenolic resin and its carbon residue rate was 56.31%, the rate of 13 percentage points higher than the average carbon residue of thermosetting phenolic resin.2.3.4 boron modified phenolic resinThe modification of phenolic resin with boron compounds, the change of its structure, the formation of B - O bond with higher bond energy and the formation of boron - containing three - direction crosslink structure are one of the effective methods to improve its heat resistance. Che Jianfei by in situ synthesis method with TiO2 nanoparticles added to the boron phenolic resin, can significantly improve the heat resistance and toughness, when 5% TiO2 was added, the initial decomposition temperature is increased by about 150 degrees, the impact strength increased 231%. In addition, the processing technology of modified phenolic resin was also improved obviously. The introduction of boron is also beneficial to improve the flame retardancy of phenolic resin. Modified phenolic resin with boric acid and Aman Chang [16], the product still has a solid residue 75.3% in 700.8 DEG, 900 DEG C without decomposition residue is still above 64%, far higher than similar foreign products (700 C solid residue 63%). Theflexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength of the composites obtained by Qiu Jun and other carbon fiber composite boron phenolic resins have been greatly improved. Tung oil, high performance double boron modified phenolic resin was synthesized by two steps such as Wang Manli, used it as a non asbestos braided brake belt has good friction performance of matrix resin, reached the level of similar foreign products.2.3.5 amine modified phenolic resinIs the main aromatic amine compounds and total phenol and formaldehyde condensation reaction in the presence of catalyst, introducing aromatic amine unit structure and good heat resistance in the structure of the phenolic resin, aromatic amines are commonly used melamine and melamine methylol compound and aniline. Amine modified phenolic resin, the heat resistance is improved, thermogravimetric analysis results show that aniline modified phenolic resin thermal decomposition temperature is 410 DEG C, melamine modified resin is 438 DEG, 380 DEG C than the pure phenolic resin to improve its heat resistance is high, reason is the introduction of a more stable heterocyclic the construction and curing resin crosslinking density increased. The prepared friction material has good friction property at high temperature, and it is a common modification method.2.3.6 silicone modified phenolic resinSilicone modified phenolic resin has high heat resistance, thermal stability, toughness and other excellent properties, the modified method is: the phenolic resin is reacted withorganosilicon compounds containing alkoxy groups, forming a three-dimensional network structure containing silicon oxygen bond, there is a competitive reaction from poly phenolic reaction process, so two kinds of reactivity is the key to the success of the modified. Allyl phenolic resin reacted with organosilicon compound to form organosilicon modified phenolic resin with excellent heat resistance. The tribological properties of the friction material modified with silicone resin are stable and the wear rate is low. The friction coefficient varies little (=0.136 ~ 0.140) at the temperature range of 100 ~ 350 DEG CPhenolic resin modified by 2.3.7 aromaticsThe modified aromatic hydrocarbons are toluene, xylene, substituted benzene, naphthalene and so on. The modified principle is introduced so that the stability of the aromatic molecules increased, increased rigidity, thereby improving the heat resistance modification methods were as follows: the main aromatic hydrocarbons (Ar) reacts with formaldehyde to produce aromatic alcohols, and then generate the phenol and formaldehyde resin. Aromatic hydrocarbon, phenol and formaldehyde react simultaneously to form resin. The heat resistance of the modifier depends on the structure of the aromatic compound. The 53 Research Institute of ordnance industry has achieved satisfactory results by using the tower substrate (aromatic compound) extracted from xylene to modify phenolic resin. The modified route using first methods, modified phenolic thermal decomposition temperature above 450 degrees, thanThe phenolic resin is higher than 50 DEG C, and the weight loss rate at high temperature increases slowly,Suitable for high temperature use, the friction material produced has good friction performance, high temperature coefficient of friction is high and stable, low wear rate.2.4 thermosetting resin modified phenolic resin2.4.1 polyimide modified phenolic resinPolyimide is composed of two aromatic amines and two anhydrides. It has excellent heat resistance and flame retardancy, and can remarkably improve the heat resistance of phenolic resin. Yan Yehai and so on were synthesized bismaleimide modified phenolic resin I, the cured resin has outstanding heat resistance, the thermal deformation temperature (HDT) is 273 DEG C, and the glass temperature is 288 DEG C. The structure content of high phenyl ring and high cross linking density are the structural basis for the excellent heat resistance of cured resins. Phenolic resin II was obtained by blending resin I with appropriate high temperature curing agent. Resin II with deformation temperature and glass transition temperature of the bending performance of more excellent and more heat than resin I, use this source in high temperature curing agent to improve the crosslinking density of the cured resin, so as to ensure the heat resistance of the cured resin. Resin I and II with glass cloth composite materials with excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance based at 300 DEG C based on the flexural strength and modulus of I resin composite material retention rate is respectively 65% and 78%, the II phenolicresin composites flexural strength and modulus retention rate of up to 73% and 83% respectively.2.4.2 polysulfone modified phenolic resinPolysulfone has excellent heat resistance, outstanding creep resistance and dimensional stability, excellent electrical insulation and other characteristics. It has become a comprehensive engineering plastics, and occupies an important position in plastic varieties. Dong Ruiling, Qi Shuhua and others found that polysulfone modified phenolic resin, polysulfone in the form of grafting and blending exist simultaneously. The modified phenolic resin glass fiber reinforced plastic toughness is improved, the impact strength increased from 200KJ/m2 to 283KJ/m2, the tensile strength of 960MPa, the dielectric strength reached 20KV/mm, Martin heat resistance temperature more than 310 DEG C. The glass fiber reinforced mould plastics made of this kind of polysulfone modified phenolic resin have been successfully applied to aerospace products.Phenolic resin modified with 2.4.3 maleimide polymerIn order to improve the toughness and heat resistance of phenolic resin, maleimide resin was used as modifier. The modified resin had high toughness and heat resistance, and the modification effect was obvious. Novolac resin with maleimide groups (PMF) is composed of phenol and N- mixture and 4 hydroxy phenol formaldehyde polyimide under acid catalysis reaction and its curing, mainly through maleimide group addition polymerization. This system greatly improved the heatresistance of phenolic resin and improved the thermal stability of the resin in the higher temperature region, but the toughness was not improved. Someone uses a new addition curing system to improve the toughness of resin system, this system is composed of PMF resin and novolac resin containing allyl group (PAF) according to the different ratio of mixed into, in the reaction with allyl blends.With the increase of the content of propyl phenol, the crosslinking density of the cured matrix decreases, the toughness increases, and the mechanical properties increase. Under the curing conditions, the optimum performance is obtained when the equivalence ratio of allyl and maleimide is 1 to 3.2.4.4 epoxy modified phenolic resinPhenolic hydroxyl groups and hydroxymethyl groups on phenolic resins can react with epoxy groups and hydroxyl groups in epoxy resins to form an cross-linked structure, which reduces the crosslinking density of the cured products and increases the flexibility of the molecules. The study of Jiang Detang and others showed that the brittleness of phenolic resin was improved and the mechanical properties were obviously improved after adding epoxy resin. When the equivalence ratio between epoxy and phenolic resin was 1 to 3, two diglycidyl ether bisphenol A epoxy modified phenolic resin was obtained with the largest KIC (0.85MPa, m1/2). The properties of the composites are also considerably improved than those of DDS curable materials. When the content of novolac resin in thecross-linked network structure increases, the Tg of themodified resin decreases and the toughness increases. In addition, with the increase of linear phenolic resin content, the flame retardancy of the modified resin will increase significantly. Therefore,We can obtain a dense system with excellent mechanical properties and flame retardancy by controlling the content of novolac resin.2.5 rubber modified phenolic resinMany large molecules such as Ding Jing, styrene butadiene rubber and natural rubber were used to toughen phenolic resin. The rubber toughened phenolic resin is a kind of physical mixing modification, but there are different degrees of graft or block copolymerization in the course of curing. Li Xinming et al [17 study found that without nitrile rubber, the impact strength of pure phenolic resin was 5.43 KJ/m2, adding 1% nitrile rubber, the impact strength reached 8.60KJ/m2, an increase of about 58.4%; nitrile rubber with 2%, the impact strength of phenolic resin reached 11.49 KJ /m2, increased by about 116%, improve the the amplitude is the other modification methods can not be compared. With the increase of NBR dosage, the impact strength of phenolic resin is further improved, but the amplitude increases. In addition to the nitrile rubber, rubber containing active functional groups such as epoxy based liquid butadiene rubber, acrylic acid carboxylated nitrile rubber and epoxy adduct can also toughened phenolic resin, and the toughening effect, improved heat resistance. Especially in the liquid rubber toughening system, because the liquid rubber is easy to form the island structure, the form structure which improvedthe impact strength of the composite hardness, heat resistance and little influence on the materials, is an ideal toughening system.Phenolic resin toughened with 2.6 nanometer materialThere are two main methods: 1 nanoparticles toughened polymer nanoparticles and polymer blends; using nano material intercalation method, namely the first polymer monomer is dispersed into layered silicate layers, then in situ polymerization. The polymerization of the released heat can be put into the stripping layer structure of silicate structure unit thickness 1nm width and length of about 10nm, which are uniformly dispersed in the phenolic resin, composite resin and stripping unit structure on the nanometer scale. The toughened phenolic resin has better toughness and thermal stability than the conventional toughened phenolic resin.2.7 thermotropic liquid crystal toughened phenolic resinToughening of thermosetting resins with thermotropic liquid crystals improves toughness and toughness while maintaining heat resistance and stiffness of the resin. Liquid crystalline macromolecules contain a large number of rigid mesogenic units and a certain amount of flexible spacers, and their structural characteristics determine their excellent properties. The presence of a small amount of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer fibrils can prevent cracks and improve the toughness of the brittle matrix without decreasing the heat resistance and stiffness of the material. Compared with thermoplastics, the same toughening effect can be obtained by using only 25%- 30% of thermoplastic3. conclusionAt present, the toughening modification of phenolic resin on maturity, there have been many modified phenolic resin with high performance, such as excellent mechanical properties, high temperature resistance, electrical insulation, flame retardant, low smoke and low toxicity and mechanical processing of new phenolic resin. It can be predicted that with the continuous development of aviation, aerospace, automobile and electronics industry, study on modified phenolic resin constantly, will make "phenolic resin old" further development, play a greater role in more and more fields.Reference[1]., Min, Ho, Choi, Ho, Yun, Byun, In, Jae, Chung., Theeffect, of, chain, length, of, flexible, diacid, on, Morphologyand, mechanical, property, of,, modified, phenolicresin.Polymer, 2002,43 (): 4437 ~[2]. He J, Raghavan D, Hoffman D, Hunston D. Theinfluence of elastomer concentration on toughness in dispersions containing preformed acrylic elastomeric particles in an epoxy matrix?.Polymer1999,40 (8): 1923 ~ 1933.[3]., Reghunadhan, N, C, P., Advances, in, cure, phenolic, resins., Progress, addition-, in, Polymer, Science.2004,29 (5): 401 ~。
酚醛树脂

酚醛树脂(一)简介:名称:酚醛树脂phenolic resin,简称PF 。
化学式:颜色:固体酚醛树脂为无色或黄褐色透明物,市场销售往往加着色剂而呈红、黄、黑、绿、棕、蓝等颜色 形状:有颗粒、粉末状。
溶解性 :不溶于水,溶于丙酮、酒精等有机溶剂中 化学稳定性:耐弱酸与弱碱,遇强酸发生分解,遇强碱发生腐蚀。
分类:因选用催化剂得不同,可分为热固性与热塑性两类(二)酚醛树脂合成原理:热固性酚醛树脂得生成原理与制备工艺热固性酚醛树脂得生成原理热固性酚醛树脂得生成条件:碱催化,醛过量。
聚合反应过程:加成反应 缩合反应 加成反应机理:用无机碱或叔胺(没有活性氢)催化时O+H C O HOCH 2OHOHCH 2OH+ OHO+H C O HOCH 2HO OCH 2OH在碱性条件下,上述产物组分复杂,为各种羟甲基酚得混合物。
缩合反应机理:当温度进一步升高时,各种羟甲基酚之间发生缩合反应,生成二酚核与多酚核得低聚物。
OHOCH OH CH 2OH HOCH 2OCH 2CH 2OHOHOHOHHOCH 2OCH 2OH +H 2O OCH 2OH+H 2O +CH 2O(1)(2)随着反应温度升高,反应时间延长,最后将生成高度交联得体型结构。
工业上生产热固性酚醛树脂时,常用氨水做碱性催化剂,此时氨水有两个作用:① 起催化作用② 参与树脂生成反应OH+CH 2O+NH 3OHCH 2NH 22CH 2O O CH 2CH 2NH+65OHCH 2NH CH 2OH22OHCH 2N CH 2OCH 265OHCH 2N CH 2OHCH 2(3)反应特点:1、碱性介质中,各种羟甲基酚都稳定,加成反应快,缩合反应慢。
2、放热较少,反应进行较缓与。
3、根据反应程度,一般将反应过程分为三个阶段,各阶段产物性质不同。
A 阶段:产物为液体或固体,含较多得羟甲基,极性较强,能全部或部分溶于水中,有时称水溶性树脂或可溶性酚醛树脂。
不饱和聚酯树脂分类

不饱和聚酯树脂分类
不饱和聚酯树脂是一类合成树脂,根据不同的结构和特性,可以分为以下几个主要类型:
1. 酯基聚合物:由酸酐和醇反应形成的聚合物,例如无增塑剂的对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(UP)树脂和邻苯二甲酸异丙醇酯(ISOUP)树脂。
2. 酚醛树脂(PF):由酚和醛反应形成的树脂,具有较高的热稳定性和耐化学品性能。
常见的酚醛树脂包括酚醛树脂(PF)和酚醛树脂(UF)。
3. 环氧树脂(EP):由环氧基物质和胺或酸酐反应形成的树脂,具有优异的物理性能和耐化学品性能。
常见的环氧树脂包括环氧树脂(EP)和丙烯酸树脂。
4. 不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR):由不饱和酸、醇和单体反应形成的树脂。
根据单体的不同,不饱和聚酯树脂可以分为不饱和聚酯树脂(UP)和丙烯酸树脂。
5. 聚醚树脂:由聚醚基物质和异氰酸酯反应形成的树脂,具有优异的耐磨性和耐候性能。
以上是几种常见的不饱和聚酯树脂分类,不同类型的树脂具有不同的性能和用途,可以根据需要选择合适的材料。
酚醛树脂

酚醛塑料(PF)酚醛树脂也叫电木,又称电木粉。
原为无色或黄褐色透明物,市场销售往往加着色剂而呈红、黄、黑、绿、棕、蓝等颜色,有颗粒、粉末状。
耐弱酸和弱碱,遇强酸发生分解,遇强碱发生腐蚀。
不溶于水,溶于丙酮、酒精等有机溶剂中。
苯酚与甲醛缩聚而得。
性能:1、一般工业电器用:具有良好的可塑性,适用于一般压塑成型,工艺性良好,机电性能好,光泽性好(如塑11-1,塑11-4,塑18-1,塑19-1)2、高电绝缘用:适宜于压缩成型,除力学性能良好外,有优良的电绝缘性及耐水性(如塑14-1,塑14-1T,塑17-1,塑21-1)。
产品代号有“T”者表示有抗霉性3、高频率用:有优良耐水、耐热性、耐高频率性,宜用于湿热带气候条件用(如塑14-5,塑14-6,塑14-8,塑14-9,塑17-3)4、耐水、耐热、耐油、耐腐蚀、防湿防霉用:有良好的机电性能外,还有上述各种性能(如塑11-2,塑11-18)5、耐冲击用:有高抗拉冲击强度,电绝缘,防湿,防霉,耐水性能(如塑32-1,塑32-1T,塑32-5)6、自然防霉,耐湿,耐酸特性及具有高度防湿,防霉,耐高频特性(如塑11-6,塑35-1)7、日用品用:有一定机械强度,工艺性好,价格便宜(如塑44-1等)用途:1、可用工业电器开关及零件,仪表壳,纺织机械零件,矿灯零件,旋钮灯头,开关,插座等日用电器零件2、可作电绝缘性,耐水性要求较高的电器仪表及电讯工业零件,交通电工器材几无线电零件3、可作耐高频的短波和超短波电讯器材,高绝缘试验仪器,无线电,雷达,电子管灯座等电器零件4、可作要求耐热、耐水、防霉、防腐的各种电器零件,用于船舶,湿热带气候条件时5、可用于有金属嵌件的复杂塑件,或用于防震,防湿,防霉场合时作真空管插座,电磁开关座,蓄电池箱盖,通讯机外壳6、可作蓄电池零件,人造纤维工业用零件,卫生医药用具,有酸,蒸气侵蚀的工作条件时零件以及湿度大,频率高、电压高的电器,机械零件7、可作瓶盖,纽扣等日用品零件。
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酚醛树脂缩写【篇一:酚醛树脂缩写】【英文全称】phenol-formaldehyde resin【中文解释】酚醛树脂【缩写类别】酚醛树脂的英文缩写是pf。
【篇二:酚醛树脂缩写】树脂缩写代号中英文对照表英文简称英文全称中文全称 aba acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate 丙烯腈/丁二烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物 abs acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene 丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物 aes acrylonitrile-ethylene-styrene 丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物 amma acrylonitrile/methyl methacrylate 丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物 arp aromatic polyester 聚芳香酯 as acrylonitrile-styrene resin 丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂 asa acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate 丙烯腈/苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物 ca cellulose acetate 醋酸纤维塑料 cab cellulose acetate butyrate 醋酸-丁酸纤维素塑料 cap cellulose acetate propionate 醋酸-丙酸纤维素 ce cellulose plastics, general 通用纤维素塑料 cf cresol-formaldehyde 甲酚-甲醛树脂 cmc carboxymethyl cellulose 羧甲基纤维素 cn cellulose nitrate 硝酸纤维素 cp cellulose propionate 丙酸纤维素 cpe chlorinated polyethylene 氯化聚乙烯 cpvc chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) 氯化聚氯乙烯 cs casein 酪蛋白 cta cellulose triacetate 三醋酸纤维素 ec ethyl cellulose 乙烷纤维素 eea ethylene/ethyl acrylate 乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物 ema ethylene/methacrylic acid 乙烯/甲基丙烯酸共聚物 ep epoxy, epoxide 环氧树脂 epd ethylene-propylene-diene 乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物 epm ethylene-propylene polymer 乙烯-丙烯共聚物 eps expanded polystyrene 发泡聚苯乙烯 etfe ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene 乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物 eva ethylene/vinyl acetate 乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物 eval ethylene-vinyl alcohol 乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物 fep perfluoro(ethylene-propylene) 全氟(乙烯-丙烯)塑料 ff furan formaldehyde 呋喃甲醛 hdpe high-density polyethylene plastics 高密度聚乙烯塑料 hips high impact polystyrene 高冲聚苯乙烯 ips impact-resistant polystyre ne 耐冲击聚苯乙烯 lcp liquid crystal polymer 液晶聚合物 ldpe low-density polyethylene plastics 低密度聚乙烯塑料 lldpe linear low-density polyethylene 线性低密聚乙烯 lmdpe linear medium-density polyethylene 线性中密聚乙烯 mbs methacrylate-butadiene-styrene 甲基丙烯酸-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物 mc methyl cellulose 甲基纤维素 mdpe medium-density polyethylene 中密聚乙烯 mf melamine-formaldehyde resin 密胺-甲醛树脂 mpf melamine/phenol-formaldehyde 密胺/酚醛树脂 pa polyamide (nylon) 聚酰胺(尼龙) paa poly(acrylic acid) 聚丙烯酸 padc poly(allyl diglycol carbonate) 碳酸-二乙二醇酯烯丙醇酯树脂 pae polyarylether 聚芳醚 paek polyaryletherketone 聚芳醚酮 pai polyamide-imide 聚酰胺-酰亚胺 pak polyester alkyd 聚酯树脂 pan polyacrylonitrile 聚丙烯腈 para polyaryl amide 聚芳酰胺 pasu polyarylsulfone 聚芳砜 pat polyarylate 聚芳酯 paur poly(ester urethane) 聚酯型聚氨酯 pb polybutene-1 聚丁烯-[1] pba poly(butyl acrylate) 聚丙烯酸丁酯 pban polybutadiene-acrylonitrile 聚丁二烯-丙烯腈 pbs polybutadiene-styrene 聚丁二烯-苯乙烯 pbtpoly(butylene terephthalate) 聚对苯二酸丁二酯 pc polycarbonate 聚碳酸酯 pctfe polychlorotrifluoroethylene 聚氯三氟乙烯 pdap poly(diallyl phthalate) 聚对苯二甲酸二烯丙酯 pe polyethylene 聚乙烯 peba polyether block amide 聚醚嵌段酰胺 peba thermoplastic elastomer polyether 聚酯热塑弹性体 peek polyetheretherketone 聚醚醚酮 pei poly(etherimide) 聚醚酰亚胺 pek polyether ketone 聚醚酮 peo poly(ethylene oxide) 聚环氧乙烷 pes poly(ether sulfone) 聚醚砜 pet poly(ethylene terephthalate) 聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯 petg poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol 二醇类改性pet peur poly(ether urethane) 聚醚型聚氨酯 pf phenol-formaldehyde resin 酚醛树脂 pfaperfluoro(alkoxy alkane) 全氟烷氧基树脂 pff phenol-furfural resin 酚呋喃树脂 pi polyimide 聚酰亚胺pib polyisobutylene 聚异丁烯 pisu polyimidesulfone 聚酰亚胺砜 pmca poly(methyl-alpha-chloroacrylate) 聚 -氯代丙烯酸甲酯 pmma poly(methyl methacrylate) 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 pmp poly(4-methylpentene-1) 聚 4-甲基戊烯-1 pms poly(alpha-methylstyrene) 聚 -甲基苯乙烯 pom polyoxymethylene, polyacetal 聚甲醛 pp polypropylene 聚丙烯 ppa polyphthalamide 聚邻苯二甲酰胺ppe poly(phenylene ether) 聚苯醚 ppo poly(phenylene oxide) deprecated 聚苯醚 ppox poly(propylene oxide) 聚环氧(丙)烷 pps poly(phenylene sulfide) 聚苯硫醚 ppsu poly(phenylene sulfone) 聚苯砜ps polystyrene 聚苯乙烯 psu polysulfone 聚砜 ptfe polytetrafluoroethylene 聚四氟乙烯 pur polyurethane 聚氨酯 pvac poly(vinyl acetate) 聚醋酸乙烯 pval poly(vinyl alcohol) 聚乙烯醇 pvbpoly(vinyl butyral) 聚乙烯醇缩丁醛 pvc poly(vinyl chloride) 聚氯乙烯 pvca poly(vinyl chloride-acetate) 聚氯乙烯醋酸乙烯酯 pvcc chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)(*cpvc) 氯化聚氯乙烯 pvi poly(vinyl isobutyl ether) 聚(乙烯基异丁基醚) pvm poly(vinyl chloride vinyl methyl ether) 聚(氯乙烯-甲基乙烯基醚) ram restricted area molding 窄面模塑 rf resorcinol-formaldehyde resin 甲苯二酚-甲醛树脂 rim reaction injection molding 反应注射模塑 rp reinforced plastics 增强塑料 rrim reinforced reaction injection molding 增强反应注射模塑 rtp reinforced thermoplastics 增强热塑性塑料 s/an styrene-acryonitrile copolymer 苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物 sbs styrene-butadiene block copolymer 苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物 si silicone 聚硅氧烷 smc sheet molding compound 片状模塑料 s/ms styrene- -methylstyrene copolymer 苯乙烯- -甲基苯乙烯共聚物 tmc thick molding compound 厚片模塑料 tpe thermoplastic elastomer 热塑性弹性体 tps toughened polystyrene 韧性聚苯乙烯 tpu thermoplastic urethanes 热塑性聚氨酯 tpx ploymethylpentene 聚-4-甲基-1 戊烯 vg/e vinylchloride-ethylene copolymer 聚乙烯-乙烯共聚物vc/e/ma vinylchloride-ethylene-methylacrylate copolymer 聚乙烯-乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物 vc/e/vca vinylchloride-ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer 氯乙烯-乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物 pvdc poly(vinylidene chloride) 聚(偏二氯乙烯) pvdf poly(vinylidene fluoride) 聚(偏二氟乙烯) pvf poly(vinyl fluoride) 聚氟乙烯 pvfm poly(vinyl formal) 聚乙烯醇缩甲醛 pvk polyvinylcarbazole 聚乙烯咔唑 pvp polyvinylpyrrolidone 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 s/ma styrene-maleic anhydride plastic 苯乙烯-马来酐塑料 san styrene-acrylonitrile plastic 苯乙烯-丙烯腈塑料 sb styrene-butadiene plastic 苯乙烯-丁二烯塑料 si silicone plastics 有机硅塑料 sms styrene/alpha-methylstyrene plastic 苯乙烯- -甲基苯乙烯塑料 sp saturated polyester plastic 饱和聚酯塑料 srp styrene-rubber plastics 聚苯乙烯橡胶改性塑料 teee thermoplastic elastomer,ether-ester 醚酯型热塑弹性体 teo thermoplastic elastomer, olefinic 聚烯烃热塑弹性体 tes thermoplastic elastomer, styrenic 苯乙烯热塑性弹性体 tpel thermoplastic elastomer 热塑(性)弹性体 tpes thermoplastic polyester 热塑性聚酯 tpur thermoplastic polyurethane 热塑性聚氨酯tsur thermoset polyurethane 热固聚氨酯 uf urea-formaldehyde resin 脲甲醛树脂 uhmwpe ultra-high molecular weight pe 超高分子量聚乙烯 up unsaturated polyester 不饱和聚酯 vce vinyl chloride-ethylene resin 氯乙烯/乙烯树脂 vcev vinyl chloride-ethylene-vinyl 氯乙烯/乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物 vcma vinyl chloride-methyl acrylate 氯乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物 vcmma vinyl chloride-methylmethacrylate 氯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物 vcoa vinyl chloride-octyl acrylate resin 氯乙烯/丙烯酸辛酯树脂 vcvac vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate resin 氯乙烯/醋酸乙烯树脂 vcvdc vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride 氯乙烯/偏氯乙烯共聚物【篇三:酚醛树脂缩写】。