每日背诵段落

Han

After 200 years, Han rule was interrupted briefly (in A.D. 9-24 by Wang Meng , a reformer), and then restored for another 200 years. In A.D. 220 the Han empire collapsed.

汉

沿续了 200年后，汉朝的统制曾经短暂地终止了(公元9-24 年，名叫王莽夺位) ，尔后重新光复又延续了 200 年的时间。到公元 220 年，汉朝灭亡。

Era of Disunity--Three Kingdoms

The collapse of the Han dynasty was followed by nearly four centuries of rule by warlords.

The age of civil wars and disunity began with the era of the Three Kingdoms (Wei, Shu, and Wu, which had overlapping reigns during the period A.D. 220-80). In later times, fiction and drama greatly romanticized the reputed chivalry of this period. 纷争时代——三国

汉朝灭亡后是长达四个世纪的军阀割据时代。内战和纷争战乱揭开了三国时代(魏、蜀、吴在公元 220-80 年间政权交替更迭)的序幕，这个时代后期的小说和戏剧作品将可歌可泣的英雄主义精神融入了浓重的传奇色彩。

Jin

Unity was restored briefly in the early years of the Jin dynasty (A.D. 265-420), but the Jin could not long contain the invasions of the nomadic peoples. In A.D. 317 the Jin court was forced to flee from Luoyang and reestablished itself at Nanjing to the south. The transfer of the capital coincided with China's political fragmentation into a succession of dynasties that was to last from A.D. 304 to 589. 晋

晋朝(公元 265-420 )在早期暂时恢复了统一。但是 ,晋朝并不能长期抵制游牧民族的入侵。公元 317 年，晋王朝被迫逃出洛阳，南迁重建了都城-南京。当时中国在政治上正分裂成一

系列的王朝，这种分裂局面从公元 304 年一直持续到公元 589 年。

Jin

During this period the process of sinicization accelerated among the non-Chinese arrivals in the north and among the aboriginal tribesmen in the south. This process was also accompanied by the increasing popularity of Buddhism in both north and south China. Despite the political disunity of the times, there were notable technological advances. The invention of gunpowder and the wheelbarrow is believed to date from the sixth or seventh century. Advances in medicine, astronomy, and cartography are also noted by historians.

与晋在此期间，汉化进程在到达北方的非汉民族中和在南方居住的本地少数民族中大大加强了。

此同时，南北方的佛教流传更为广泛。尽管当时国家正处于政治分裂之中，但科技的进步却是显著的。人们确信，火药和手推车是在六、七世纪时发明的。医药、天文和绘图技术等也引起了历史学家的重视。

Sui Dynasty

China was reunified in A.D. 589 by the short-lived Sui dynasty (A.D. 581-617), which has often been compared to the earlier Qin dynasty in the ruthlessness of its accomplishments. 隋朝公元 589 年 -隋朝，中国再次统一了。隋朝(公元581-617)的统治时间很短，人们因它残暴

的统治而常常把它比作是早期的秦朝。

Sui Dynasty

The Sui dynasty's early demise was attributed to the government's tyrannical demands on the people, who bore the crushing burden of taxes and compulsory labor. These resources were overstrained in the completion of the Grand Canal ， and in the undertaking of other construction projects, including the reconstruction of the Great Wall. 隋朝隋朝的迅速消亡是政府对人民进行残酷统治的结果，人民承担着沉重的苛捐杂税和义务劳动。人民不堪重负，在开凿大运河、重建长城、修筑其他的许多建筑等工程中耗尽了体力。 Tang

The Tang dynasty (A.D. 618-907), with its capital at Chang'an, is regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization--equal, or even superior, to the Han period. 唐唐朝被历史学家认为是中国文明最辉煌的时期，其文明程度等同甚至高于汉朝。唐朝的首都在长安。 Tang

Its territory, acquired through the military exploits of its early rulers, was greater than that of the Han. Stimulated by contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a flowering of creativity in many fields. Buddhism became a permanent part of Chinese traditional culture. Block printing was invented, making the written word available to vastly greater audiences. 唐唐朝的疆域在早期统治者的军事扩张下已远远超过了汉朝。在与印度 (当时的天竺) 和中东的交流中，在他们的促进下，唐朝在许多领域里得到了长足的发展。佛教成为中国传统文化中永久的组成部分。发明了木板印刷术，从而使得大量的读者可以看到手写的文字。 Tang

By the middle of the eighth century A.D., Tang power had ebbed. Domestic economic instability and military defeat in 751 by Arabs, marked the beginning of five centuries of steady military decline for the Chinese empire. 唐公元 8 世纪中期，唐朝势力开始衰落。国内经济上的动荡加上 751 年与阿拉伯作战所造成军事上的重创标志着中国帝国在 500 年的军事稳定后的衰退。

Song

But in 960 a new power, Song (960-1279), reunified most of China Proper. The Song period divides into two phases: Northern Song (960-1127) and Southern Song (1127-1279). The division was caused by the forced abandonment of north China in 1127 by the Song court, which could not push back the nomadic invaders. 宋公元 960 年，一个新兴势力，宋(公元 960-1279 )，再次统一了中国大部分地区。但在1127 年宋朝廷因没能打退游牧民族的入侵而被迫放弃北方。所以宋朝又被分成北宋(公元 960-1127)和南宋(公元 1127-1279)两个阶段。

Song

The founders of the Song dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with civilian scholar-officials. Regional military governors and their supporters were replaced by centrally appointed officials. This system of civilian rule led to a greater concentration of power in the emperor and his palace bureaucracy than had been achieved in the previous dynasties. 宋

宋朝的统治者建立了有效的中央集权制；广泛任用民间的学术文人；地方的军事官员及其党

羽都被中央任命的官员所替代。这种官员体系使得宋朝的权利比以往任何朝代都更集中在皇帝和他的官僚机构中。