八年级下第二次月考题
初中英语八年级下册月考试卷(含答案)
八年级英语下第二次月考试题班级：姓名：一、单项选择（40）( )1.Our parents often tell us not_______alone in the river in summer.A.swimB.to swimC.swimmingD.swam( )2.This story happened________ a small island.A.atB.onC.inD.of( )3.Uncle Ted was very rich. But now he has no place to_______.A.liveB.live onC.live inD.live with( )4.We found_______necessary to protect animals in danger.A.itB.thisC.thatD./( )5.You should_______smoking. It’s bad for your health.A.get upB.put upC.give upD.look up( )6. Mo Yan is one of ____most popular writers in the world. He was____honest boy when he was child.A.a; aB.a; anC.the; aD.the; an( )7 .The old man was _______angry _______ say a word.A. so, thatB. as, asC. too, toD. very, to( )8. Why _______home tomorrow?A.not goB.not goingC.not to goD.didn’t go( )9.I _________ some mo ney from him, but I’ll _______ it to him in a few days.A.borrow, returnB.lend, borrowC.borrow, keepD.borrow, lend ( )10.It was _________ exciting news for all the students.A.aB.anC.theD. /( )11. I am much better _________ Chinese _________ our teachers’ help.A.in, atB.at, inC.at, withD.with, with( )12._______ high school students in a poor mountain village is a difficult job.A.TeachingB.TeachC.TeachesD.Teachers( )13. Mother couldn’t find her ring. So she wanted to know _________.A.where it isB.where it wasC.where is heD.she was where ( )14.We_____ go on a picnic if it_____rain tomorrow.A.don’t, isn’tB.don’t, stopC. will, doesn’tD.aren’t, doesn’t ( )15.If you don’t want to go swimming, I ______.A.won’t, tooB.also won’tC.won’t, eitherD.won’t , neither ( )16. He was_____ tired ___he couldn’t go on working.A.too…toB.such…thatC.so…thatD.to o…that( )17.What an _______ story! I am much _________ in it.A.interested, interestingB.interesting, interestedC.interesting, interestingD.interested, interested( )18.My life will be ______ than it is now.A.more betterB.much goodC.much betterD.many better( )19.I ______to Hong Kong twice since I came to China 3 years ago .A.wentB.goC.have goneD.have been( ) 20. He is ______ a friendly man that people miss him very much .A.soB.suchC.themD. /( )21.Mother used to__the song“Where’s time going?”.Now she is used to____it.A.hating, listenB.hated, listened toC.hate, listening toD.hating, listening ( )22.Tony studies very ______. He often does his homework until 10:30p.m., but his brother Tom______ does homework.A. hardly, hardlyB. hard, hardlyC. hardly, hardD.hard, hard( )23.You eat _______ junk food. I think you need________vegetables.A.too much, muchB. too many, manyC. too much, lots ofD. too many, lot ( )24. The driver saw an old man _______ on the side of the road .A lie y C. lying D. to lie( )25.How kind you are! You always do what you can____ others.A. helpB. helpingC. helpsD. to help( )26. He _____ lots of money to the people in trouble _______.A.gave out; help them outB. gave away; to help them outC. put out; to help them outD. gave away; to help out them( )27. Could you give me a hand? I want to___the map on the wall.A. put upB. look upC. set upD. mix up( )28 .They need to come______ a good idea.A. on withB. up toC. on toD. up with( )29. When I came home, I ___________ my father ___________ a newspaper.A. find, readB. found, readingC. found, readsD. find, reading ( )30 .Could you please ______ me such boring questions? I’m tired.A. not askB. not to askC. not askingD. don’t ask( )31. I want ______ cr eam cake. It’s delicious.A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. others( )32.—I’m sorry I ______my bag at home.—You did that last week. Never forget ______ it to school next time.A. forget, to takeB. forget, to bringC. left, to takeD. left, to bring ( )33. The cleaner said, “ __ things we do, __ environment we’ll have” .A. More, betterB. The more, the betterC. Fewer, The lessD. The fewer, better ( )34.Which is _____, German, maths or science?A. more interestingB. the most interestingC. interestingD. the interesting ( )35 .My headteacher saw her ______up some rubbish while he ______ by .A. pick, was passingB.picking, was passingC.was picking, was passingD.picking, passed( )36. The number seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five can be written like this _______A.78,123B. 68,123C.78,645D.78,465( )37. What ____ you ______ at this time yesterday?A. did; doB. are; doingC. were; doingD. did, did( )38. Lin Tao is as ______ as Zhang Hua.A. strongB. strongerC. the strongestD. strongest ( )39. There are five ________ people in the city.A. millionsB. million ofC. millionD. millions of ( )40._______ students in our school enjoy listening to music.A. A number ofB. A number offC. The number ofD. The numbers of二、完形填空（10）One day, Peter had a fight with one of his classmates. Then he went to his grandfather and told him his story ____41___.“He is really bad，”the boy said,“and I 42 him.”The grandfather s aid,“43 me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated others for what they did.”As Peter 44 carefully, the grandfather went on.“There are always two tigers inside my he art. One is 45 and kind. He gets on well 46 everything around him. But 47 is bad and unfriendly. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time, and for no reason. He can’t think carefully 48 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart. They both try to control me.”Peter looked into h is grandfather’s 49 and asked,“ 50 tiger always controls you, Grandfather?”The old man said slowly and seriously,“The one that I feed. I always feed the good and kind tiger, so I never hate others and seldom（很少）get angry now.”( )41.A.happily B.friendly C.hardly D.angrily( )42.A.love B.hate C.know D.enjoy( )43.A.Make B.Help C.Let D.Ask( )44.A.saw B.felt C.talked D.listened( )45.A.good B.bad zy D.quiet( )46.A.at B.on C.with D.about( )47.A.other B.others C.another D.the other( )48.A.because B.though C.before D.but( )49.A.eyes B.ears C.nose D.mouth( )50.A.Who B.Which C.Where D.When三、阅读理解（30）AOnce there lived an old man. He liked gold better than anything else in the world. He often said, “If I have enough gold, I will be the happiest man in the world.”One day when he was traveling in the desert, the old man lost his way. He was very hungry and thirsty, but there were only rocks and sand around him. Just then, he found a bag lying on the sand. He hoped he would find water and food in it. He took up the bag and opened it. He saw that the bag was full of gold. He was so sad that he threw away the bag and began crying.Now, the old man knew that there was something better than gold in the world. ( )51. The old man liked ____ best before he traveled in the desert.A. foodB. bagsC. goldD. drinks( )52. When he lost his way, he wanted to get _________.A. some food and waterB. some rocks and sandC. bags full of goldD. some food and sand( )53. What did he do with the bag?A. He didn’t take it up.B. He brought it home.C. He threw it away.D. He picked it up.( )54. The old man did not become the happiest man when he got the bag of goldbecause ______.A. the bag was too smallB. the gold wasn’t hisC. he was very hungry and thirstD. he didn’t like gold a ny more( )55. In the end, the old man knew that gold was _________ in the world.A. the best thingB. not the best thing C .better than anything D. not hisBThere was a pilot and four people in a small plane. Suddenly there was something wrong with the machine while it was flying in the air. The smoke was everywhere in the plane. The pilot told the people there were only four parachutes(降落伞). They all became worried and started to make excuses.“I must go and m end the machine,” said the pilot, taking one of the parachutes. There was nothing he could do，so he jumped out.The first person stood up. “I’m a doctor”, he said. “I help peopl e live longer and I save lives.” He also took a parachute and jumped out.The next p erson said, “I must have p parachute. I am a very clever person. I have to go to an important sport match. I know I’ll win the game because I’ll be the cleverest person t here.” He picked up a backpack and jumped out.Two men were left—an old businessman and a young mountain climber. By this time the plane was going down fast. The businessman said, “Young man, I am old but you’re still young. You take the last parachute.”The young mountain climber smiled. “Don’t worry,” he said, “We can both jump to safety because there are still two parachutes. Just now the clever person jumped out with my backpack.”( )56. All the people became worried because ___.A. they coul dn’t find the parachutesB. they saw the pilot jump out firstC. something was wrong with the plane and one of them might dieD. there was too much smoke and they couldn’t jump out from the plane ( )57. The clever man jumped out with ___.A. a parachuteB. nothingC. the backpack of the climber’sD. two parachutes ( )58. All the people thought of themselves except ____.A. the pilotB. the clever manC. the doctorD. the businessman ( )59. From the story we know _____ would be dead.A. the clever manB. the businessmanC. the pilotD. the doctor ( )60. ____ was a kind-hearted man.A. The pilotB. The mountain climber.C.The businessmanD. The doctorC判断正误，正确的写A,错误的写B.Two friends were walking through the desert. They had an argument, the first friend slapped (一记耳光) the other in the face. The other friend was hurt, but only wrote in the sand: “Today my best friend slapped me in the face.”They kept walking, until found a lake. They decided to cool off and swim. The other friend started going down in the lake, but his friend saved him. After he came back to life, he wrote on a stone: “Today my best friend saved me.” The friend, who slapped and saved his friend, asked him: “After I hurt you, you wrote in the sand, and now, you wrote on the stone. Why?” The other friend answered: “When someone hurts us, we should write down in sand, when the winds of time and forgiveness(宽恕) can blow it. But when someone does something good for us, we must write it on the stone. No wind can blow it away.”( )61. The two friends were walking in the forest.( )62. They were going to cool and swim in the lake.( )63. The other friend wrote sentences on the stone every time.( )64. The winds of time and forgiveness can blow the words in the sand.( )65. In fact, they were real friends.四、根据句意和提示写出正确的单词（8）66.To our ___________(使我们惊讶的是), we found the owner of the lost dog.67.The________（感觉）of helping others makes me _______（觉得）happy.68.They went to the mountain to look for ___________ (财富).69.They didn’t achieve great ___________ (succeed) in life.70.People’s liv ing ____________(状况) were very poor in China in the past.71.The old bike ___________(提醒) me of my grandmother. has the largest _____________(人口) in the world.五、用所给词的适当形式填空（7）73. They couldn’t help ____________(cry) when they saw their parents.74. It was interesting _____ (see) so many places of interest from all over the world.75.One of ___________(beautiful) cities in China is Kunming.76. There are some students __________(lead) us to the forest park.77.Let’s go to Zhangjiajie to enjoy the _________(natural) .78.How long has your mother __________(teach) math at this school ?79.Do you know the girl ______ (call) Mary?六.句型转换（10分）80.He has already finished the homework.（改为否定句）He finished the homework .81.Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.（改为同义句）Tom is in his class.82.She has been a teacher for two years.（就画线部分提问）she been a teacher?83.He has been to an English-speaking country.（改为一般疑问句）he an English-speaking country?84.His sister cleans the room.（改为现在完成时）His sister the room.七、补全对话（5）A. Could I invite my friends to my birthday party on Saturday, Mom?B. Of course! 85 ____ ___.A. Yeah, Um…86 ________.B. What for?A. 87_______.B. I am shopping tomorrow. And I can buy some drinks and snacks for you.A. Oh, good. Thank you, Mom.B. You’re welcome. Oh, could you clean your room?A. 88_______.B. You need to clean it again for your party.A. Ok, but I need to do my homework first.B. That’s right. After you finish your homework, let’s clean the room. I cansweep the floor and do the dishes.A. 89_______.B. Yes, sure.八、作文（10）动物是人类的好朋友，没有动物，人类也不能生存，但现在很多动物濒临灭绝，请你就如何帮助动物提出建议。
八年级(下)第二次月考数学试卷
八年级（下）第二次月考数学试卷一、选择题：本大题共6个小题，每小题3分，共18分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的1．（3分）如图，所给图形中是中心对称图形但不是轴对称图形的是（）A．B．C．D．2．（3分）下列变形中不正确的是（）A．由a＞b得b＜aB．若a＞b，则ac2＞bc2（c为有理数）C．由﹣a＞﹣b得b＞aD．由﹣x＜y得x＞﹣2y3．（3分）已知点A的坐标为（1，3），点B的坐标为（2，1）．将线段AB沿某一方向平移后点A的对应点的坐标为（﹣2，5），则点B的对应点的坐标为（）A．（﹣1，3）B．（﹣1，﹣1）C．（5，3）D．（5，﹣1）4．（3分）若关于x的分式方程有增根，则m的值为（）A．1B．2C．﹣1D．﹣25．（3分）如图，直线y＝x+2与直线y＝ax+4相交于点P（m，3），则关于x的不等式x+2＜ax+4的解集为（）A．x＞1B．x＜1C．x＞3D．x＜36．（3分）如图，已知：∠MON＝30°，点A1、A2、A3…在射线ON上，点B1、B2、B3…在射线OM上，△A1B1A2、△A2B2A3、△A3B3A4…均为等边三角形，若OA1＝1，则△A6B6A7的边长为（）A．6B．12C．32D．64二、填空题（每题3分，满分18分，将答案填在答题纸上）7．（3分）要使分式无意义，则x的取值范围是．8．（3分）如图，在△ABC中，BC＝5cm，BP、CP分别是∠ABC和∠ACB的角平分线，且PD∥AB，PE∥AC，则△PDE的周长是cm．9．（3分）如图所示，在△ABC中，∠B＝90°，AB＝3，AC＝5，将△ABC折叠，使点C 与点A重合，折痕为DE，则△ABE的周长为．10．（3分）已知m+n＝3，则m2﹣n2+6n＝．11．（3分）在实数范围内规定新运算“*”，基本规则是a*b＝a﹣2b，已知不等式x*m≤3的解集在数轴上表示如图所示，则m的值为．12．（3分）在等腰△ABC中，AD⊥BC交直线BC于点D，若AD＝BC，则△ABC的顶角的度数为．三、（本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分）13．（6分）（1）因式分解：m3﹣m；（2）解不等式组：．14．（6分）先化简，再从﹣2＜x≤2中选一个合适的整数作为x的值代入求值．15．（6分）如图，已知AC⊥BC，BD⊥AD，AC与BD交于O，AC＝BD 求证：（1）△ABC≌△BAD；（2）OA＝OB．16．（6分）小明解方程﹣＝1的过程如下：解：方程两边乘x，得1﹣（x﹣2）＝1．①去括号，得1﹣x﹣2＝1．②移项，得﹣x＝1﹣1+2．③合并同类项，得﹣x＝2．④解得x＝﹣2．⑤所以，原分式方程的解为x＝﹣2．⑥请指出他解答过程中的错误，并写出正确的解答过程．17．（6分）在4×4的方格纸中，△ABC的三个顶点都在格点上．（1）在图1中画出与△ABC关于点C成中心对称的格点三角形A1B1C；（2）将图2中的△ABC绕着点C按逆时针方向旋转90°，画出经旋转后的三角形A2B2C．四、（本大题共3小题，每小题8分，共24分）18．（8分）阅读下列材料：我们知道，分子比分母小的数叫做“真分数”；分子比分母大，或者分子、分母同样大的分数，叫做“假分数”．类似地，我们定义：在分式中，对于只含有一个字母的分式，当分子的次数大于或等于分母的次数时，我们称之为“假分式”；当分子的次数小于分母的次数时，我们称之为“真分式”．如：这样的分式就是假分式；再如：这样的分式就是真分式，假分数可以化成1+（即1）带分数的形式，类似的，假分式也可以化为带分式．如：．解决下列问题：（1）分式是（填“真分式”或“假分式”）；假分式可化为带分式形式；（2）如果分式的值为整数，求满足条件的整数x的值；（3）若分式的值为m，则m的取值范围是（直接写出答案）．19．（8分）如图，在Rt△ABC中，∠ACB＝90°，AC＝6，BC＝8，AE平分∠CAB，CE⊥AE于点E，延长CE交AB于点D．（1）求证：CE＝DE；（2）若点F为BC的中点，求EF的长．20．（8分）阅读材料：根据多项式乘多项式法则，我们很容易计算：（x+2）（x+3）＝x2+5x+6；（x﹣1）（x+3）＝x2+2x﹣3．而因式分解是与整式乘法方向相反的变形，利用这种关系可得：x2+5x+6＝（x+2）（x+3）；x2+2x﹣3＝（x﹣1）（x+3）．通过这样的关系我们可以将某些二次项系数是1的二次三项式分解因式．如将式子x2+2x ﹣3分解因式．这个式子的二次项系数是1＝1×1，常数项﹣3＝（﹣1）×3，一次项系数2＝（﹣1）+3，可以用下图十字相乘的形式表示为：先分解二次项系数，分别写在十字交叉线的左上角和左下角；再分解常数项，分别写在十字交叉线的右上角和右下角；然后交叉相乘，求和，使其等于一次项系数，然后横向书写．这样，我们就可以得到：x2+2x﹣3＝（x﹣1）（x+3）．利用这种方法，将下列多项式分解因式：（1）x2+7x+10＝；（2）x2﹣2x﹣3＝；（3）y2﹣7y+12＝；（4）x2+7x﹣18＝．五、（本大题共2小题，每小题9分，共18分）21．（9分）如图，点O是等边△ABC内一点，∠AOB＝110°，∠BOC＝α．以OC为一边作等边三角形OCD，连接AD．（1）求证：△BOC≌△ADC；（2）当α＝150°时，试判断△AOD的形状，并说明理由；（3）探究：当α为多少度时，△AOD是等腰三角形？22．（9分）疫情复学返校之前，为方便快速筛查体温异常学生，某校准备购买A，B两种型号的额温枪，已知每支A型额温枪比每支B型额温枪贵50元，买1支A型额温枪和2支B型额温枪共500元．（1）每支A型、B型额温枪的价格各是多少元？（2）该校欲购进A，B型额温枪共100支，且A型额温枪的数量不少于B型额温枪的数量，购买的总金额不超过17600元，则共有哪几种购买方案？（3）在（2）的条件下，若购买A型额温枪m支，写出购买总费用w（元）与m的表达式，并求出w的最小值．六．（本大题共12分）23．（12分）如图，在平面直角坐标系中，A（a，0），D（6，4），将线段AD平移得到BC，使B（0，b），且a、b满足|a﹣2|+＝0，延长BC交x轴于点E．（1）填空：点A（，），点B（，），∠DAE＝°；（2）求点C和点E的坐标；（3）设点P是x轴上的一动点（不与点A、E重合），且P A＞AE，探究∠APC与∠PCB 的数量关系？写出你的结论并证明．。
北师大版2021-2022学年八年级数学下册第二次月考测试题(附答案) (2)
2021-2022学年八年级数学下册第二次月考测试题（附答案）一、选择题（共30分）1．把a2﹣a分解因式，正确的是（）A．a（a﹣1）B．a（a+1）C．a（a2﹣1）D．a（1﹣a）2．如图，数轴上所表示的不等式的解集是（）A．x≥2B．x＞2C．x＜2D．x≤23．下列图形中，既是轴对称图形又是中心对称图形的是（）A．B．C．D．4．如图，在已知的△ABC中，按以下步骤作图：①分别以B，C为圆心，以大于BC的长为半径作弧，两弧相交于两点M，N；②作直线MN交AB于点D，连接CD，若CD＝AC，∠B＝25°，则∠ACB的度数为（）A．105°B．100°C．95°D．90°5．要使分式有意义，则x的取值范围是（）A．x＝1B．x≠1C．x＝﹣1D．x≠﹣16．如图，在▱ABCD中，将△ADC沿AC折叠后，点D恰好落在DC的延长线上的点E处．若∠B＝60°，AB＝3，则△ADE的周长为（）A．12B．15C．18D．217．若（a+3）x＞a+3的解集为x＜1，则a必须满足（）A．a＜0B．a＞﹣3C．a＜﹣3D．a＞38．如图，把一块三角板ABC的直角顶点B放在直线EF上，∠C＝30°，AC∥EF，则∠1＝（）A．30°B．45°C．60°D．75°9．如图，一次函数y1＝x+b与一次函数y2＝kx+3的图象交于点P（1，2），则关于不等式x+b＞kx+3的解集是（）A．x＞0B．x＞1C．x＜1D．x＜010．如图，在△ABC中，AB＝AC，分别以点A、B为圆心，以适当的长为半径作弧，两弧分别交于E，F，作直线EF，D为BC的中点，M为直线EF上任意一点．若BC＝4，△ABC面积为10，则BM+MD长度的最小值为（）A．B．3C．4D．5二、填空题（共24分）11．分解因式：ab2﹣9a＝．12．若一个多边形的每一个内角都是150°，则它是边形．13．如图所示，△DEF是由△ABC通过平移得到的，且点B，E，C，F在同一条直线上，若BF＝14，EC＝8，则从△ABC到△DEF的平移距离为．14．若分式有意义，则x的取值范围为．15．平行四边形ABCD中，E、F是对角线BD上不同的两点，写出一个能使四边形AECF 一定为平行四边形的条件．（用题目中的已知字母表示）16．如图，∠AOB＝120°，点P为∠AOB的平分线上的一个定点，且∠MPN与∠AOB互补，若∠MPN在绕点P旋转的过程中，其两边分别与OA、OB相交于M、N两点，则以下结论：①PM＝PN；②OM+ON＝OP；③四边形PMON的面积保持不变；④△PMN的周长保持不变．其中说法正确的是（填序号）．三、计算题（共18分）17．解方程：．18．解不等式组并把解集在数轴上表示出来．19．先化简：，再选一个你喜欢的a的值代入求值．四、解答题（共48分）20．如图，△ABC三个顶点的坐标分别为A（2，4），B（1，1），C（4，3）．（1）请画出△ABC关于原点对称的△A1B1C1；（2）请画出△ABC绕点B逆时针旋转90°后的△A2B2C2，并写出A2的坐标．21．如图，在等边△ABC中，AB＝6，D是AC的中点，E是BC延长线上的一点，CE＝CD，DF⊥BE，垂足为F．（1）求BD的长；（2）求证：BF＝EF．22．如图：在Rt△ABC中，∠A＝90°，过B作BH∥AC．（1）按尺规作图要求作BC的垂直平分线，交AC于E，交BH于D，（保留作图痕迹，不写作法），连接BE、CD．（2）求证：四边形BECD是平行四边形．23．为了做好防疫工作，学校准备购进一批消毒液．已知每瓶B型消毒液比A型贵2元，用56元购A型消毒液与72元购B型消毒液的瓶数相同．（1）这两种消毒液的单价各是多少元？（2）学校准备购进这两种消毒液共90瓶，且B型消毒液的数量不少于A型消毒液数量的，请设计出最省钱的购买方案，并求出最少费用．24．如图，在▱ABCD中，对角线AC，BD相交于点O，BD＝2AD，点E在线段OC上，且OE＝CE．（1）求证：∠OBE＝∠ADO；（2）若F，G分别是OD，AB的中点，且BC＝10，①求证：△EFG是等腰三角形；②当EF⊥EG时，求▱ABCD的面积．25．如图，在平面直角坐标系xOy中，已知点A（5，1），B（1，1），C（0，5）．直线m平行于x轴且经过C，D，E三点．直线l的关系式为y＝﹣2x+b．（1）若△ABD是以AB为底的等腰三角形，且直线l过点D，求b的值；（2）若b＝9，直线l与▱ABDE的边DE相交时，求点E的横坐标n的取值范围；（3）若点F为▱ABDE的对角线BE与DA的交点，当直线l经过点F时，求点D的横坐标q与b之间的函数关系式．参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（共30分）1．解：a2﹣a＝a（a﹣1）．故选：A．2．解：∵2处是实心圆点且折线向右，∴不等式的解集是x≥2．故选：A．3．解：A．该图形既不是轴对称图形，又不是中心对称图形，故此选项不合题意；B．该图形既不是轴对称图形，又不是中心对称图形，故此选项不合题意；C．该图形是轴对称图形，不是中心对称图形，故此选项不合题意；D．该图形既是轴对称图形，又是中心对称图形，故此选项符合题意．故选：D．4．解：由题意可得：MN垂直平分BC，则DC＝BD，故∠DCB＝∠DBC＝25°，则∠CDA＝25°+25°＝50°，∵CD＝AC，∴∠A＝∠CDA＝50°，∴∠ACB＝180°﹣50°﹣25°＝105°．故选：A．5．解：∵分式有意义，∴x﹣1≠0．解得；x≠1．故选：B．6．解：由折叠可得，∠ACD＝∠ACE＝90°，∴∠BAC＝90°，又∵∠B＝60°，∴∠ACB＝30°，∴BC＝2AB＝6，由折叠可得，∠E＝∠D＝∠B＝60°，∴∠DAE＝60°，∴△ADE是等边三角形，∴△ADE的周长为6×3＝18，故选：C．7．解：∵（a+3）x＞a+3的解集为x＜1，∴a+3＜0，解得：a＜﹣3．故选：C．8．解：∵AC∥EF，∠C＝30°，∴∠C＝∠CBF＝30°，∵∠ABC＝90°，∴∠1＝180°﹣∠ABC﹣∠CBF＝180°﹣90°﹣30°＝60°，故选：C．9．解：当x＞1时，x+b＞kx+3，即不等式x+b＞kx+3的解集为x＞1．故选：B．10．解：由作法得EF垂直平分AB，∴MB＝MA，∴BM+MD＝MA+MD，连接MA、DA，如图，∵MA+MD≥AD（当且仅当M点在AD上时取等号），∴MA+MD的最小值为AD，∵AB＝AC，D点为BC的中点，∴AD⊥BC，∵S△ABC＝•BC•AD＝10，∴AD＝＝5，∴BM+MD长度的最小值为5．二、填空题（共24分）11．解：原式＝a（b2﹣9）＝a（b+3）（b﹣3），故答案为：a（b+3）（b﹣3）．12．解：360÷30＝12，则它是12边形．13．解：∵△DEF是由△ABC通过平移得到，∴BE＝CF，∴BE＝BF﹣EC，∵BF＝14，EC＝8，∴BE＝14﹣8＝3．故答案为：3．14．解：∵分式有意义，∴x2﹣4≠0，∴x≠±2．故答案为：x≠±2．15．解：连接AC交BD于点O，如图：在平行四边形ABCD中，OA＝OC，OB＝OD，∵AE∥CF，∴∠OAE＝∠OCF，∵∠AOE＝∠COF，AO＝CO，∴△AOE≌COF（ASA），∴OE＝OF，∴四边形AECF为平行四边形；故答案为：AE∥CF．16．解：过点P作PE⊥OA，垂足为E，过点P作PF⊥OB，垂足为F，∴∠PEO＝90°，∠PFO＝90°，∵∠AOB＝120°，∴∠EPF＝360°﹣∠AOB﹣∠PEO﹣∠PFO＝60°，∵∠MPN+∠AOB＝180°，∴∠MPN＝180°﹣∠AOB＝60°，∴∠MPN﹣∠EPN＝∠EPF﹣∠EPN，∴∠MPE＝∠NPF，∵OP平分∠AOB，PE⊥OA，PF⊥OB，∴PE＝PF，∵∠MEP＝∠NFP＝90°，∴△MEP≌△NFP（ASA），∴PM＝PN，ME＝NF，故①正确；∵OP＝OP，∴Rt△PEO≌Rt△PFO（HL），∴OE＝OF，∴OM+ON＝OE+ME+OF﹣NF＝2OE，∵OP平分∠AOB，∴∠EOP＝∠AOB＝60°，∴∠EPO＝90°﹣∠EOP＝30°，∴PO＝2OE，∴OM+ON＝OP，故②正确；∵△MEP≌△NFP，∴四边形PMON的面积＝四边形PEOF的面积，∴四边形PMON的面积保持不变，故③正确；∵PM＝PN，∠MPN＝60°，∴△PMN是等边三角形，∵MN的长度是变化的，∴△PMN的周长是变化的，故④错误；所以，说法正确的是：①②③，故答案为：①②③．三、计算题（共18分）17．解：方程两边同乘以（x+1）（x﹣1）得（x+1）2﹣6＝（x+1）（x﹣1）（2分）整理，得2x＝4x＝2（4分）检验，把x＝2代入（x+1）（x﹣1）＝3≠0．所以，原方程的根是x＝2．（5分）18．解：解不等式x+4≤3（x+2），得：x≥﹣1，解不等式3x﹣3＜2x，得：x＜3，则不等式组的解集为﹣1≤x＜3，将不等式的解集表示在数轴上如下：19．解：原式＝[﹣]•＝•＝•＝，当a＝﹣1时，原式＝﹣1．四、解答题（共48分）20．解：（1）如图，△A1B1C1；即为所求；（2）如图，△A2B2C2即为所求，A2的坐标（﹣2，2）．21．（1）解：∵△ABC是等边三角形，∴∠BCD＝60°，AB＝BC＝AC＝6，又∵AB＝6，点D为AC的中点，∴CD＝3，BC⊥CD，∴BD＝＝＝3；（2）证明：∵△ABC是等边三角形，D为AC的中点，∴∠CBD＝，又∵CE＝CD，∴∠CDE＝∠E，又∵∠BCD＝60°，∴∠E＝，∴∠CBD＝∠E，∴BD＝DE，又∵DF⊥BC，垂足为F．∴BF＝EF．22．（1）解：如图，直线DE为所求；（2）证明：DE交BC于F，如图，∵DE垂直平分BC，∴BF＝CF，EB＝EC，又∵BH∥AC，∴∠1＝∠2，∠3＝∠4在△BDF和△CEF中，，∴△BDF≌△CEF（AAS），∴BD＝CE，∵BD∥CE，∴四边形BECD是平行四边形．23．解：（1）设A型消毒液的单价是x元，B型消毒液的单价是y元，得，解得．答：A型消毒液的单价是7元；B型消毒液的单价是9元．（2）设购进A型消毒液a瓶，则购进B型消毒液（90﹣a）瓶，费用为w元，依题意可得：w＝7a+9（90﹣a）＝﹣2a+810，∵k＝﹣2＜0，∴w随a的增大而减小．∵B型消毒液的数量不少于A型消毒液数量的，∴90﹣a≥a．解得a≤67 ，∴当a＝67时，w取得最小值，此时w＝﹣2×67+810＝676，90﹣a＝23．答：最省钱的购买方案是购进A型消毒液67瓶，购进B型消毒液23瓶；最低费用为676元．24．（1）证明：∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形，∴AD∥BC，AD＝BC，DO＝BO＝BD，∴∠ADB＝∠DBC，∵BD＝2AD，∴AD＝DO，∴BC＝BO，∵E是CO中点，∴∠OBE＝∠OBC，∴∠OBE＝∠ADO；（2）①证明：∵BC＝BO，∴△BOC是等腰三角形，∵E是CO中点，∴EB⊥CO，∴∠BEA＝90°，∵G为AB中点，∴EG＝AB，∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形，∴AB＝CD，∵E、F分别是OC、OD的中点，∴EF＝CD∴EG＝EF，∴△EFG是等腰三角形；②解：由①得EF∥AB，∵EF⊥EG，∴EG⊥AB，∵G是AB的中点，∴AE＝BE，设CE＝x，则AO＝CO＝2CE＝2x，∴BE＝AE＝3x，在Rt△BEC中，BC＝10，∴EC2+BE2＝BC2，即x2+（3x）2＝102，解得x＝，∴AC＝，BE＝，∴S▱ABCD＝2S△ABC＝．25．解：（1）∵A（5，1），B（1，1），DA＝DB，∴D（3，5），将x＝3，y＝5代入y＝﹣2x+b，∴b＝11；（2）∵四边形ABDE为平行四边形，∴DE＝AB＝4，∵E（n，5），∴D（n﹣4，5），当5＝﹣2x+9时，x＝2，∵直线y＝﹣2x+9与边DE有交点，∴2≤n≤6；（3）∵四边形ABDE为平行四边形，∴DF＝F A，∵D（q，5），A（5，1），∴，即，将，y＝3代入y＝﹣2x+b，∴q＝b﹣8．。
陕西省西安市高新区第三初级中学博雅班2023-2024学年八年级下学期第二次月考数学试题(学生版)
2023-2024八下第二次月考数学试题一、选择题：（每小题3分，共24分）1. 下列四个图形中，是中心对称图形的是（ ）A. B. C. D.2.下列各式：，，，，，，只是分式的有（ ）A. 2个 B. 3个 C. 4个 D. 5个3. 下列各式从左到右的变形，属于因式分解的是（ ）A. （x 一4）（x +4）＝x 2﹣16B. x 2﹣y 2+2＝（x +y ）（x ﹣y ）+2C. x 2+1＝x （x +）D. a 2b +ab 2＝ab （a +b ）4. 如图，四边形中，对角线、相交于点，下列条件不能判定这个四边形是平行四边形是（ ）A. ，B. ，C. ，D. ，5. 若关于x 的不等式组有且只有3个整数解，则a 的取值范围是（ ）A. B. C. D.6. 如图，在平面直角坐标系中，等边三角形的边长为4，点在第二象限内，将沿射线的方向平移后得到，平移后点的横坐标为，则点的坐标为（ ）的23πa b -22x x y -34a b +31x x +-2m -a m 1xABCD AC BD O AB DC AD BC∥AB DC =AD BC =AO CO =BO DO=AB DC =AD BC ∥35128x x a -⎧⎨-<⎩…02a ≤≤02a ≤<02a <≤02a <<OAB A OAB AO O A B '''△A 'B 'A. B. C. D. 7. 精元电子厂准备生产5400套电子元件，甲车间独立生产一半后，由于要尽快投入市场，乙车间也加入了该电子元件的生产，若乙车间每天生产的电子元件套数是甲车间的1.5倍，结果用30天完成任务，问甲车间每天生产电子元件多少套？在这个问题中设甲车间每天生产电子元件x 套，根据题意可得方程为（ ）A. B.C. D. 8. 如图，菱形的对角线相交于点O ，点P 为边上一动点（不与点A ，B 重合），于点E ，于点F ．若，，则的最小值为（ ）A B. C. 4 D. 二、填空题：（每小题3分，共15分）9.有意义，则实数x 的取值范围是___________．10. 如图，用正多边形镶嵌地面，则图中α的大小为 ________度．.(-()4-(8,-()8,4-2700270030x 1.5x+=2700270030x x 1.5x +=+2700540030x x 1.5x +=+5400270030x x 1.5x +=+ABCD ,AC BD AB PE OA ⊥PF OB ⊥20AC =10BD =EF11. 如图，在中，的平分线交于点，的平分线交于点，若，，则的长是 _____．12. 如图所示，菱形的对角线、相交于点．若，，，垂足为，则的长为______．13. 如图，在矩形中，，，点在上且点为中点，点为边上的一个动点，为的中点，则的最小值为_________．三、解答题：（共12小题，共81分．）14. 因式分解．（1）3ab 2﹣18ab +27a ．（2）（a 2+b 2）2﹣4a 2b 2．15. 解下列各题：（1）解不等式组；（2）解方程：．16. 先化简，再求值：，其中．17. 如图，已知中，，，请用尺规在边上作一个点P ，使得．（保留作图痕迹，不写作法）的ABCD Y ABC ∠AD E BCD ∠AD F 5AB =6AD =EF ABCD AC BD O 6AC =8BD =AE BC ⊥E AE ABCD 3AB =10AD =E AD 2DE ．=G AE P BC F EP GF EF +()362453132x x x x ⎧+>-⎪⎨-+-≤⎪⎩43122x x x-=--221161369x x x x -⎛⎫-÷ ⎪--+⎝⎭6x =ABC 90ACB ∠=︒30A ∠=︒AC 2PA PC =18. 在平面直角坐标系中，的三个顶点在格点上（每个方格的边长均为1个单位长度）．（1）请画出关于轴对称的图形；（2）将绕点逆时针旋转90°，画出旋转后得到的；（3）在轴上找一点，使的值最小（不写作法，保留作图痕迹）．19. 如图，平行四边形，E 、F 两点在对角线上，且，连接．求证：四边形是平行四边形．20. 证明：直角三角形斜边的中线等于斜边的一半．21. 如图，在四边形中，，对角线交于点平分角，过点作交的延长线于点，连接．（1）求证：四边形是菱形；（2）若，求的长．ABC ABC x 111A B C △ABC O 222A B C △x P PA PB +ABCD BD BE DF =AE EC CF FA ，，，AECF ABCD AB DC AB AD =∥，AC BD ，,O AC BAD ∠C CE AB ⊥AB E OEABCD 4AB BD ==OE22. 已知，如图，和都是等腰直角三角形，，为边上一点．（1）求证：≌；（2）求证：．23. 樱桃刚一上市，某水果店的老板就用6000元购进了一批樱桃，上市后销售的非常好，老板又用14000元购进了第二批樱桃，所购箱数是第一批的2倍，但进价比第一批每箱多了5元．（1）该超市两批共购进樱桃多少箱？（2）由于储存不当，第二批购进的樱桃中有腐坏，不能售卖．该老板将两批樱桃按同一价格全部销售完毕后获利不低于8000元，则每箱樱桃的售价至少是多少元？24. 如图，在平面直角坐标系中，直线：与轴交于点，直线与直线、轴分别交于点、点．（1）求直线的解析式；（2）若点和点分别是直线和轴上动点，是否存在点、，使得以点、、、为顶点、为一边的四边形是平行四边形？若存在，请求出点的坐标；若不存在，请说明理由．25. 问题提出：（1）如图1，在中，，点D 、E 分别是、的中点，则的长为_________；问题探究：（2）如图2，在中，，点Q 在上，，点P 在上，，连接，E 、F 分别为、的中点，求的长度？问题解决：的ACB △ECD 90ACB ECD ∠=∠=︒D AB ACE BCD 2222CD AD DB =+10%1l 112y x =+x B 2l 1l x 31,2A ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭()4,0C 2l D E 2l y D E A B D E AB D ABC 4BC =AB AC DE ABC =60B ∠︒BC 12CQ =AB 4AP =PQ AC PQ EF（3）西安高新区为了进一步提升周边居民居住环境，拟在一个长方形的草坪内对角线右侧修建一个三角形池塘．如图3，，，A 为草坪入口，B 为草坪出口，在人行道的中点E 处有一个凉亭，在池塘N 处是一个观景台．游客从凉亭到出口的距离与从凉亭到观景台的距离相等吗？为什么？的ABCD AC CMN 26MCN ∠=︒90MNC ∠=︒AM。
2023-2024学年江苏省宝应县八年级下学期第二次月考语文试题
2023-2024学年江苏省宝应县八年级下学期第二次月考语文试题①淮扬菜的兴起源于漕运。
②随着运河的开通，漕运的兴盛，使得南来北往的客商云集在扬州一带，江南经济日益发达，扬州饮食（即淮扬菜）随之繁荣。
③宋朝庆历八年，文坛巨匠欧阳修调任扬州太守。
他宴请宾客，挥毫泼墨，书写名篇，推动了淮扬美食和文化的结合，淮扬菜也逐渐变成了文人菜的代表。
④________________。
因为黄河改道，京杭运河逐渐淤塞．变浅，漕运日益困难。
与此同时，在外海，海上运输势不可挡；在内陆，一条条铁路相继开通。
受此影响，1901年，清政府裁撤了漕运总督府，叱咤风云千年之久的漕运黯然离场，成为历史。
漕运的停止也让淮扬菜大受打击，几乎跌入低谷，一蹶不振。
⑤许多淮扬菜烹饪大师痛定思痛，努力为淮扬菜找到了新的出路，那就是改变了淮扬菜对食材的选择。
从以前的海参、鲍鱼等山珍海味，变成了淮扬特产鳝鱼、豆腐等平民食材。
他们继承了淮扬菜的精美和精细的特点，在刀工和火候上继续精雕细琢zhuó（）、精益求精。
在淮扬菜大师的努力下，淮扬菜终于走出低谷，重新回到巅峰。
1. 根据语境，为加点字注音或根据拼音写出汉字。
淤塞．( ) 精雕细zhuó( )2．文中画线句子有语病，请提出修改建议。
3．根据语境，在第④小节横线处填写一句恰当的话，使过渡更加自然。
4．下列说法不正确的一项是（）A．客商云集挥毫泼墨日益困难新的出路解说：这几个短语结构各不相同。
B．从以前的海参、鲍鱼等山珍海味，变成了淮扬特产鳝鱼、豆腐等平民食材。
解说：这句话中的标点符号使用正确。
C．海上运输势不可挡。
解说：这句话中的成语“势不可挡”使用正确。
D．在内陆，一条条铁路相继开通。
解说：这句话中，“在内陆”作句子的状语。
5. 文学作品中处处有美食的踪迹。
以下说法有错误．．．的一项是（）A．饮食是节日习俗中一个永恒的话题，比如端午节吃粽子，是为了纪念屈原；中秋节吃月饼，寓意团团圆圆；重阳节饮菊花酒，表达对延年益寿的期盼。
八年级下第二次月考试题--语文(含解析).(含答案)
八年级语文下学期第二次月考试题一、积累与运用1.古诗文名句默写。
（1）读书破万卷，__________。
（2）独学而无友，__________。
（3）__________，不知其可。
（4）《桃花源记》中描绘桃花林草美花繁的语句是：__________，__________。
【答案】 (1). （1）下笔如有神 (2). （2）则孤陋而寡闻 (3). （3）人而无信 (4). （4）芳草鲜美 (5). 落英缤纷【解析】【详解】试题分析：默写题作答时，一是要透彻理解诗文的内容；二是要认真审题，找出符合题意的诗文句子；三是答题内容要准确，做到不添字、不漏字、不写错字。
本题中的“孤陋、寡、缤纷”等字词容易写错。
2.阅读下面的文字，按要求答题。
田野里，冬季的冰冷刚刚过去，春季就来了。
花儿草儿们用色彩xuàn染着土地，那迎春绽放的花蕊，吐纳着香甜的空气，那翠绿欲滴的桃浪，拥顶着希望的甜蜜；那冰雪消溶的小河，流淌着生命的脉动。
阳光灿烂的春季拔弄着大地，把地上的生灵变得生机盎然，每个角落都充满了春天的气息。
（1）根据拼音写出相应的汉字，给加点的字注音。
xuàn染（）脉．动（）（2）语段中有两个错别字，找出并改正____改为____ ____改为____【答案】 (1). （1）渲 (2). mài (3). （2）溶 (4). 融 (5). 拔 (6). 拨【解析】【详解】试题分析：（1）作答时，注意易错音的积累，掌握汉语拼写规则，规范拼音书写，不要写成英语字母；根据拼音写汉字，除了根据具体的语境，还要注意同音字、形似字的辨析，避免混淆。
注意“渲”的字形和多音字“脉”字的读音。
（2）错别字的产生原因主要是音同或形似，掌握这个易错点，根据汉字的特点，结合句意和词义辨析判断。
消溶－消融；拔弄－拨弄。
3.下列句子中加点词语使用不正确的一项是（）A. 出了三峡，江面宽阔，眼前豁然开朗．．．．。
2023～2024学年度第二学期第二次月考试题八年级物理(下)
2023～2024学年度第二学期第二次月考试题八年级物理（下）一、单选题(共40 分)1. 下列物体重约为1N的是（）A.一支铅笔B.一根香蕉C.一瓶矿泉水D.一桶食用油2. 在下列说法中，正确的是（）A.船桨是费力杠杆B.物体运动速度越大其惯性越大C.运输机起落架装有宽大的轮子是为了减小对地面的压力D.运动的物体不受力时，运动的速度会减小，最终会停下来3. 目前，我国“天宫”空间站已实现航天员长期驻留，航天员在空间站中可以实施的是（）A.用托盘天平测物体质量B.用哑铃锻炼手臂肌肉C.用弹簧测力计测量物体重力D.用弹簧拉力器健身4. 如图所示，一个装有水的平底密闭矿泉水瓶，先正立放置在水平桌面上，再倒立放置。
两次放置时，瓶对桌面的压力分别为F甲和F乙，瓶对桌面的压强分别为p甲和p乙，则（）A.F甲＞F乙B.p甲＞p乙C.F甲＜F乙D.p甲＜p乙5. 如图所示，O为轻质杠杆AB的支点，B点挂一重物G，若在B点施加F1、或在A点分别施加F2、F3、F4四个力后，杠杆均保持水平位置平衡，则这四个力中最小的力是（）A.F1B.F2C.F3D.F46. 把体积相同、质量不同的三个小球A、B、C放入同种液体中，静止后的位置如图所示，它们所受的浮力分别为F A、F B、F C，则这三力大小关系正确的是（）A.F A＞F B＞F CB.F A=F B=F CC.F A＜F B＜F CD.F A＜F B=F C7. 关于下面四幅图的说法中错误的是（）A.图甲所示托里拆利实验中，将竖直玻璃管倾斜，水银柱的高度不变B.图乙所示排水管U形“反水弯”是一个连通器C.图丙所示在B管吹气，A管中水而上升，是因为流体中流速越大的位置压强越大D.图丁所示把这自制气压计从山下移到山顶，细管内的水柱上升8. 下列说法中正确的是（）A.做功越多的机械，功率一定越大B.功率越大的机械，机械效率越大C.功率越大的机械，所用时间越少D.功率越大的机械，做功一定越快9. 如图所示，小黄家里悬挂着的吊灯处于静止状态，以下说法正确的是（）A.天花板对绳子的拉力与绳子对灯的拉力是一对平衡力B.绳子对灯的拉力与灯受到的重力是一对平衡力C.天花板对绳子的拉力与灯受到的重力是一对平衡力D.吊灯对绳子的拉力与绳子对吊灯的拉力是一对平衡力10. 如图所示，细线上端固定，下端拉着小球在竖直平面内摆动，A、B是球摆动过程中的最高点，C是最低点，当小球到达C点时，所受的力全部消失，则小球将（）A.一定处于静止状态B.一定做匀速直线运动C.可能处于静止状态可能做匀速直线运动D.可能加速运动二、填空题(共32 分)11. 如图甲所示，工人师傅实际上是因陋就简制成了一个简单的工具，这是利用了重力的方向总是___________的知识；如图乙所示，在A、B、C三点用扳手拧螺母，更省力的是___________点，这说明力的作用效果跟它的___________有关。
下学期八年级英语第二次月考-2021-2022学年八年级下册单元重难点易错题精练(人教版)
班级姓名学号分数2021-2022学年下学期八年级英语第二次月考（时间：100分钟，满分：100分）第一部分选择题一、单项选择(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)1．Once there was ________ emperor and ________ emperor liked beautiful clothes very much.A．the; a B．an; an C．an; the D．a; the 2．—I think I am the shyest in my class. What should I do?—Be more active in class, ________ you can improve your ability to express yourself. A．so that B．unless C．or D．although 3．Lucy often me my best friend. They both have long curly hair. A．thinks; of B．reminds; ofC．helps; out D．leaves; out4．Cathy has such a good ________ that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year.A．sound B．idea C．voice D．time5．I knocked at the door but ___________ answered. Maybe they went to the concert. A．nobody B．somebody C．everybody D．anybody 6．LeBron James is one of ___________ players in the NBA．He is my hero. A．better B．the best C．worse D．the worst 7．Just like humans, animals will do their best to protect their young babies when they are ________.A．in danger B．on duty C．in need D．on time 8．—Would you please go to the movie with me tonight?—Sorry, I need to prepare for the exam. ________ I know, Tom wants to see a film tonight. A．As far as B．As long as C．As soon as D．As often as 9．I couldn’t believe that they ________ in solving the problem.A．included B．got C．woke D．succeeded 10．-I tried to make Alice ___________ her mind but I found it difficult.-Well, I saw you __________that when I went past.A．changed; do B．changes; doing C．change; to do D．change; doing 11．Amy wears sunglasses to ______ her eyes from the sun on hot summer days.A．stop B．protect C．serve D．refuse 12．Baseball is more popular than _______ sport in the city.A．the others B．some other C．any other D．many 13．—Have you seen the movie The Lion King ________?—Yes. I’ve ________ seen it. It’s wonderful.A．already; yet B．yet; yet C．already; already D．yet; already 14．——How is your grandma?——She’s fine. She used to_____TV at home after supper. But now she is used to_____out for a walk.A．watch;go B．watching;go C．watching;going D．watch;going 15．―We lost the basketball game last week.―______ Better luck next time.A．No problem.B．Never mind.C．I hope so.D．Good idea!二、完型填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers (大臣). Suddenly, he came up with an idea. He asked, “How many baskets of ____16____ are there in the pool?” The ministers couldn’t give an answer. The king was angry, “You ____17____ answer my question in three days!”Three days passed, but ____18____ of the ministers had the answers. Just then, a child said that he knew it. The king told the ministers ____19____ the child to the pool. To his surprise, the child ____20____ and said with a smile, “It is ____21____. No need to go to the pool.” This made the king pleased. “All right. Let us know ____22____.” The child said, “If you know the ____23____ of the basket, the answer is known. ____24____ it is as big as the pool, there is one basket of water, half as big, two baskets…” “Stop! That’s it. You have got the answer. They were thinking of things _____25_____ a wrong way.”Sometimes to get out of the difficulty, one must change one’s way of thinking. 16．A．fish B．flowers C．water D．vegetables 17．A．can B．must C．may D．need 18．A．none B．all C．one D．neither 19．A．led B．leading C．to lead D．lead20．A．refused B．agreed C．thought D．looked 21．A．easy B．important C．hard D．difficult 22．A．what is it B．where it is C．what it is D．where is it 23．A．shape B．size C．weight D．color 24．A．Because B．If C．But D．For 25．A．use B．in C．on D．at三、阅读单选(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)AChina launched the Shenzhou XIII manned spacecraft at 12:23 a.m. on October 16, 2021, carrying three astronauts(宇航员) who will stay inside the country’s Tiangong space station for six months.Astronauts Personal InformationZhai ZhigangZhai Zhigang is 55 years old from Heilongjiang. He likes calligraphy(书法). He is the country’s first astronaut to take a spacewalk, having done it when he was a mission commander(指挥官) during the Shenzhou VII mission in September 2008.Wang YapingWang Yaping is 41 years old from Shandong. She loves traveling and music. She is China’s second female astronaut(女航天员) to take part in a spaceflight and was a member of the Shenzhou X mission in June 2013. The 41-year-old Wang became the first female astronaut to enter Tiangong space station to take a spacewalk.Ye GuangfuYe Guangfu is 41 years old too. He comes from Sichuan. He is interested in reading and basketball. He is making his first journey to space.26．China launched the Shenzhou XIII manned spacecraft at 12:23 a.m. on ________ A．October 16, 2020B．June, 2013C．October 16, 2021D．September, 200827．How long will the three astronauts stay in the space station?A．Three months.B．Six months.C．Six days.D．Six years 28．Who is the first Chinese astronaut to take a spacewalk？A．Zhai Zhigang.B．Wang Yaping.C．Ye Guangfu.D．Yang Liwei. 29．Which of the following is TRUE according to the chart?A．Ye Guangfu is making his second journey to space.B．Wang Yaping enjoys traveling and calligraphy.C．Zhai Zhigang took part in the Shenzhou VII mission in September 2008.D．Wang Yaping,Ye Guangfu and Zhai Zhigang are of the same age.30．Where may the passage be from?A．A science newspaper B．A story bookC．A sports website D．A health magazineBThey are called sea “parrots”, and sometimes “clowns of the sea”!Atlantic puffins (海鹦) are small seabirds which are around 25cm long. They have black and white feathers and a large parrot—like beak (鸟喙). The beak changes color during the year. In winter, the beak has a dull gray color, but it turns orange in spring!Puffins spend most of their lives at sea. They live on the eastern coast of Canada and the United States, and the western coast of Europe. Puffins live by eating small fish such as herring, hake and sand eels. Puffins flap (拍) their wings up to 400 times a minute and fly at up to 88 km an hour. Wow! What’s more, puffins can dive (潜水) down 60m under water to look for their favorite fish.In spring and summer, thousands of puffins stay together on the coasts and islands of the North Atlantic Ocean to start a puffin family. They usually get together with the same partner as before. Some may have been together for 20 years! Puffins usually lay the eggs and protect them for the next 36-45 days!Although puffins are not the animals in danger, the number in some places is becoming smaller. The main reasons are overfishing, which can lead to less food for puffins, and pollution—especially oils pills (溢出). Not only does the oil make these beautiful birds sick, it is bad for their feathers.31．When the winter came, the beak of an Atlantic puffin turns ________.A．black B．white C．gray D．orange 32．When the puffins are hungry, they may ________.A．flap their wings and fly into the skyB．move to the coasts and islands of the North Atlantic OceanC．dive down under waterD．change the color of their beaks33．The cause of the smaller number of puffins in some places may be that ________. A．puffins don’t have enough food B．oil kills too many fishC．puffins aren’t endangered animalsD．pollution makes puffins move to other places34．What can we learn from this passage?A．Puffins are called sea parrots or clowns of the sky.B．Puffins live on the eastern coast of Canada and UK.C．Puffins always look for different partners to lay the eggs.D．Oil hurts not only puffins’ health but also their feathers.35．According to the last paragraph, the governments should ________.A．make some rules to make puffins become lessB．help puffins to find partners to lay more eggsC．think of an idea to clean up the oil on the seaD．encourage(鼓励) people to go fishing more oftenCThere were two groups of people — one that lived in the low lands and the other high in the mountains. The mountain people attacked the lowlanders one day, and as part of their attack, they took a lowlander baby with them back up into the mountains.The lowlanders didn’t know how to climb the mountain. They didn’t know any of the ways that the mountain people used, and they didn’t know where to find the mountain people or how to find them. Even so, they sent out their best fighters to climb the mountain and bring the baby home.The men tried to climb the mountain. They tried one way, then the next, and then another. After several days, they had climbed only several hundred feet. Feeling hopeless, they decided that the cause was lost and they prepared to return to their village below. As they were getting ready to go back down the mountain, they saw the baby’s mother walking towards them. They realized that she was coming down the mountain that they hadn’t figured out how to climb. Then they saw that she had the baby on her back. How could that be?One man went up to her and said, “We couldn’t climb this mountain. How did you do this when we, the strongest and most able men in the village, couldn’t do it?” She shrugged(耸肩) and said. “It wasn’t your baby.”36．What is the meaning of the underlined word “attacked” in Paragraph 1?A．袭击B．搞笑C．从事D．骂37．What was the lowland fighters’ task (任务)?A．To find more ways up the mountain.B．To teach the mountain people a lesson. C．To attack the mountain people.D．To take the baby back from the mountain people.38．The fighters decided to go back to their village because ________.A．they were out of food B．their village was attacked again C．they failed to climb the mountain D．they saw a woman with the baby 39．How might the fighters have felt after seeing the mother with her baby? A．Surprised.B．Hopeless.C．Worried.D．Satisfied. 40．What is the topic of the story?A．The importance of learning.B．A mother’s love for her baby. C．Men have little love for babies.D．Men are not as strong as women.第二部分课本知识应用四、根据句意及汉语或首字母提示写单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 41．Thanks for your gift, it r_____ me of you.42．The Monkey King always tries to fight bad people and help the w______.43．How s_____ you are! The question is very easy.44．Look, the sun is s______ through the window.45．The b______ boy saved a little girl by jumping into the cold river.46．Russia has the biggest ____ (人口)in Europe.47．I’ll go there according to the weather________ (条件；状况)48．Each student should learn to ____ (保护)the wild animals.49．She was very anxious to get away from cities and back to ____ (自然).50．The ____ (政府)is making laws against water pollution.五、用所给单词的正确形式填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)51．I some ______ (west) countries, the song is very popular.52．The T-shirt is ______ (make) of cotton.53．When I passed the classroom last night, I heard someone _____ (talk) loudly.55．He only laughed at us instead of _____ (give) us a hand.56．The animals in the zoo are usually ____ (wake)at night.57．His grandma went to hospital and her ____ (ill)is so serious.58．Although Lucy tried her best to lose weight, she didn’t ____ (success).59．Pandas eat so many ____ (bamboo)every day.60．A wolf is much ____ (wild)than a dog.六、完成句子(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)61．章子怡是中国最成功的演员之一。
河南省南阳市二校联考2023-2024学年八年级下学期第二次月考物理试题(原卷版)
2023—2024学年度八年级综合素养评估（七）物理第七章~第十章第4节注意事项：1.本试卷共6页，五大题，21小题，满分70分，作答时间60分钟。
2.本试卷上不要答题，请按答题卡上注意事项的要求直接把答案填写在答题卡上。
答在试卷上的答案无效。
一、填空题（本题共6小题，每空1分，共14分）1. 在物理学中，常用比值法定义物理量。
如：用物体所受压力的大小与受力面积之比定义“___________”；用___________之比定义“功率”。
2. 如图所示，塑料吸盘是在___________的作用下“吸”在光滑墙壁上的；小明用力拔吸盘，吸盘静止不动，小明对吸盘___________（选填“做了功”或“不做功”）。
3. 如图所示，这是道路上的垃圾清扫车，左右扫盘将垃圾扫至车下吸嘴的前方，风机使垃圾箱、吸管和吸嘴组成的风道产生高速气流，垃圾源源不断地被“吸”到垃圾箱中，实现路面清扫。
这是由于气体流速越大的位置，压强越___________，在清扫过程中垃圾车对水平地面的压强___________（选填“变大”“变小”或“不变”）。
4. 一艘货船的满载排水量为5000t ，这艘货船满载时行驶在海面上受到的浮力是___________N ；到达码头后卸掉部分货物后，该船排开海水的体积___________，底部受到海水的压强___________。
（后两空均选填“变大”“变小”或“不变”；g 取10N/kg ，）5. 在初中社会实践活动中，美术爱好者小明为家乡的茶叶绘制的宣传图片如图所示，请你写出其中一处科学性错误：___________。
请简要说明理由：___________。
331.010kg/m ρ=⨯海水6. 俯卧撑是一项常见的健身项目。
如图所示，这是体重为600N 的小明做俯卧撑时的情景。
小明的身体可视为杠杆，脚与地的接触点为A 点，，。
小明在做俯卧撑时，支点是___________点，地面对两手的支持力为___________N 。
新目标八年级下学期英语第二次月考试题及答案
八年级下学期英语第二次月考试题一．单项选择（20分）（）1. They ______money to build a new school for the faraway village.A.collectedB.tookC.spent D raised（）2. He said he _____ doing some shopping.A.would likeB.likedC.wanted D felt（）3. ----When did you get the gift? ---- _____ my _____ birthday.A. On, sixthB. In, sixthC. On, sixD. In, six（）4. We had to stop to have a rest,____ we were very tired.A.whileB.whenC.whether D because（）5. －_____you _____ to New York?－No,but I will go there next year.A.Have,goneB.Do,goC.Will,go D Have,been（）6. People are _____ in ______ places.A.interested, interestedB.interesting, interestingC.interested, interestingD.interesting, interested（）7. The student_____ No.1 Middle School won the match.A.fromB.inC.atD.of（）8. Wen Li has_____ kites for two years.A.been makeB.makingC.been makingD.been made（）9. Li Chen _____football an hour ago.A.has been playingB.has playedC.playsD.played（）10.－____you_____the film yet? －Yes. I____it last SaturdayA.Will,see；sawB.Did,see；sawC.Have,seen；have seenD.Have,seen；saw（）11.“Harry Potter”is a very nice film. I____ it twice.A.will seeB.have seenC.sawD.see（）12. ---Do you mind if I open the window? ------__________.A. No, not at allB. Sorry, I’ll do it right awayC. Yes, pleaseD. I’ll be glad to（）13. Why not _____ help when you were in trouble?A. you ask forB. ask forC. asking forD. asked for（）14. He got really ____ while hearing the bad news.A. angrilyB. angryC. happyD. happily（）15. Dogs are too difficult to _______.A. take careB. look forC. give awayD. take care of（）16. I have an _____ grandmother.A. 80 year oldB. 80-year-oldC. 80 years oldD. 80-years-old （）17.Tomorrow is Sunday. How about ______ to visit your grandmother?A. goB. goingC. to goD. gone（）18. What’s the best gift you ____ ever ____?A. have; receiveB. did; receiveC. have; receivedD. /; receive（）19. One of the ____ polite ways ask someone is “Would you mind…？”A .much B. more C. many D. most（）20.I go back until the storeA. won't; closesB. will; closesC. don't; will closeD. would; closed二．完形填空（20分）Ted sat next to me when we were in elementary school. He had 1 problems in communicating（交流）with people. One always had to 2 what he was saying. Besides, most of my classmates did not like to be with him 3 his hands and shirts were always 4 ．I tried to let him know the 5 of being clean by telling him several times a day to wash his hands. But he didn't want to 6One day, our teacher Miss White walked up to Ted. Without saying 7 ，she took Ted to the washroom. Slowly，Miss White washed his hands and told him that he should 8 himself clean. She did that every day for one month. Finally,Ted understood.Miss White's love has given me a good 9 to follow when I'm doing my job.I always remember to teach my students by showing them the right ways to do things. And most important of all，I 10 remember to give them more time to learn and to grow up.（）1. A. great B. important C. necessary D. serious（）2. A. repeat B. know C. guess D. so（）3. A. if B. because C. why D. so（）4. A. old B. dirty C. new D. clean（）5. A. importance B. why C. time D. place（）6. A. listen B. think C. understand D. hear（）7. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything （）8. A. get B. have C. keep D. make（）9. A. lesson B. example C. advice D. book（）10. A. often B. usually C. always D. sometime三．阅读理解（20分）AOne of my friends Fred did very 1ittle work when he was a student. He spent more time drinking in bars than working in the library. Once, we had to take an important exam. The exam had a hundred questions. To each question, we had to write "Right" or "Wrong". The night before the exam, Fred was watching TV and drinking. He usua1ly worried a lot the night before the exam. But on that night he looked quite relaxed. He told me what he would do." It's very easy," he said to me, "There are a hundred questions and I have to get fifty right answers to pass the exam. I'll bring a coin with me and throw it to decide answers. I' m sure I'll get half the questions right in this way." During the exam, Fred sat down and really threw the coin for half an hour when he was writing down his answers. Then he 1eft half anhour before the others. The next day he saw the teacher on the playground. "Good morning, Mr. Wu," he said, "Have you checked the papers? Have I passed?" The teacher 1ooked at him and smiled, "Ah, it's you, Fred. One moment, please." Then he put his hand into his pocket and took out a coin. He threw it into the air, caught it in his hand and looked at it , "I'm very sorry, Fred. You failed."( )1. Fred usually worried a lot before the exam _______________.A. because he did little work in the bars.B. because he did little work on his booksC. he was afraid of the examD. he didn't like taking the exam.( )2. ____________________,the night before the important exam.A. Fred was busy working on his lessonsB. Both Fred and the writer were preparing the lessonsC. Fred worried about the examD. Fred was watching TV and drinking.( ) 3. On that night before the important the exam, Fred was very quiet because _______ .A. he knew the answerB. the exam would be very easyC. the teacher would give him good gradesD. he would choose the answers by chance( ) 4. Which sentence is true?A. The coin didn't bring good luck to Fred.B. The coin brought Fred good luck.C. Fred was a very good student.D. Fred was a very clever student.( )5. Which sentence is wrong?A. The teacher didn't know what Fred did in the examB. Mr. Wu didn't let Fred pass the examC. Mr. Wu was glad that Fred was very clever.D. The next day the teacher looked at Fred and smiled.BOne day Mrs Wilson went shopping with Tracy and Ben. They went to the supermarket in the new shopping centre."Why do you buy things here?" Tracy wanted to know. “Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home.” Mrs Wilson said，“Help me check the prices, please.”The Wilsons were not rich and Mrs Wilson was always careful with her money. She looked carefully at the prices of things. She bought lots of things in the supermarket. When they got home，the children said，"We don't think you saved money by going to the supermarket.”“Of course I did.” Mrs Wilson said. “Everything was cheaper there.”"We know，"the children said，"but we came home by taxi because we had too much to carry. The taxi fare was more than the money you saved！”Mrs Wilson added something up. Her children were right."Well done，”she said. "Next time we'll do the shopping nearby.”（）1 .The things at the corner store were＿than those in the supermarket.A. cheaperB. niceC. more expensiveD. better（）2. Mrs Wilson in the end.A. spent more moneyB. paid less moneyC. lost some moneyD. saved a little money（）3. From the passage we know the children were＿．A. happyB. cleverC. tiredD. lazy（）4. Mrs Wilson will next time.A. never call a taxiB. go on buying things in the supermarketC. buy things near her homeD. not go shopping with her children（）5. The best title for the passage isA. Cutting priceB. Corner storeC. SupermarketD. Shopping八年级下册第二次月考答案一．1-5 DBADD 6-10 CACDD11-15 BABBD16-20 BBCD A二．1-5 DABBA 6-10 ADCBC三．1-5 BDDAC 6-10 CABCD。
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C.夏季高温少雨，冬季温和多雨
D.分为干季和湿季
7．我国北方地区与西北地区分界线的确定，主导因素是
A．气候差异 B．地形差异 C．河流差异 D．植被差异8．2008年第29届奥林匹克运动会举办城市位于
A．西北地区 B．南方地区 C．北方地区 D．青藏地区9．跨经度最多的区域是
A．西北地区 B．北方地区 C．青藏地区 D．南方地区10.目前国家决定停止在三江平原开垦荒地，同时建立自然保护区，主要保护对象是( )
A.天然林
B.水源林
C.沼泽湿地
D.草地
11. 关于东北农业的叙述，正确的是( )
A.属我国人口密集区，农业开发历史悠久
B.辽河平原被称为中国的玉米带
C.大豆、甜菜是东北最具特色的农产品
D.与珠江三角洲比较，在水热条件和土壤肥力两方面都具有优势
12.松嫩平原和三江平原种植的农作物主要有（）
A.春小麦、大豆
B.冬小麦、玉米
C.棉花、水稻
D.高粱、亚麻
答题卡
二．综合题（共38分） 13．读“中国四大地理分区图”，回答下列问题(每空1分，共10分) （1）我们的学校位于
四大地理分区中的______地
区，由于受到来自海洋的夏季风影响，降水较____（多/少），属于_____（季风区/非季风区）。
本区主要粮食作物是_______。
（2）图中“高原之舟”主要分布在______地区，该地区由于海拔高，被誉为
“________”。
（3）图中“沙漠之舟”主要生活在_______地区。
（4）北京市位于________ 地区、位于我国地势第______阶梯。
（5）有一苍山的同学到新疆旅游，她发现当地居民的屋顶大多是平顶，瓜果又
告别甜。
你能解释这是为什么吗？__________________________________
14．读北方地区图回答问题。
（每空1分，共10分） （1）填注字母代表的地理事物名称。
a 是_________（山脉），
b 是_________（山脉）
（2）位于a 两侧的地形区d 是________、f 是_______，位于b 两侧的地形区c 是________、e 是________
（3）e 地区突出的生态问题是________采取的根治措施是__________________________。
（4）为了解决我国北方地区用水紧张的问题，我国正在修建________工程， 工程主要是将______流域的水调往华北、西北地区。
a
a
b c
d
e
f
g
15.阅读以下材料和某地区图，回答问题（除注明外，其余每空1分,共计18分）
材料㈠：2005年3月，入春以来范围最大，强度最强，影响最严重的沙尘暴天气袭击北京，从上午九时开始，北京就笼罩在一片昏暗之中，空气中弥
漫着呛人的沙尘，能见度只有几米。
材料㈡：北京是一个重度缺水的城市，人均占有水资源不足300立方米，仅为全国人均值的1/8，世界人均值的1/32。
（1）写出图中字母所表示的地理事物
城市:A B C 邻省: D （2）材料㈠中反映的是北京的问题。
材料㈡中反映的是北京在经济建设中存在短缺现象。
（3）北京的沙尘暴主要来自高原，发生在季
（4）沙尘暴天气困扰京城出现这种现象的人为原因是
解决的措施是
（5）材料㈡中的问题依然是困扰北京城市发展的一大问题，我们应该采取哪些措施可以缓解这个问题
（写2点即可）（4分）
（6）图中地区是我国北方最大的工业基地，该地区濒临海。
（7）北京是我国的中心、中心。
参考答案
一．选择题
1-5 BBCDA 6-12BACACCA
二综合题
13．
（1）北方多季风区小麦4分
（2）青藏高2分
（3）西北1分
（4）北方第三2分
（5）北方南方2分
（6）地处内陆，降水少，太阳辐射强，平顶可晒东西。
新疆是温带大陆性气候，昼夜温差大，白天光合作用强，合成的养分多，夜晚气温低，糖分分解少，所以瓜果特别甜。
4分
14．
（1）大兴安岭太行山2分
（2）东北平原内蒙古高原华北平原黄土高原4分
（3）水土流失严重加强中游地区的水土保持工作2分
（4）南水北调长江京杭大运河3分
15．
1.(每空1分)A 天津 B 唐山 C 北京 D 河北
2. (每空1分)沙尘暴水资源
3. (每空1分)内蒙古春
4. (每空1分)毁林开荒，乱垦植被退耕还林还草，植树造林种草
5.（共4分，每对一处2分）耕还林还草，植树造林种草南水北调节约用水……
6. (每空1分)京津唐（综合性）渤
7. (每空1分)政治文化。