adv,adj用法

副词(adv.)修饰形容词或动词,形容词(adj.)修饰名词或者代词.副词一般以ly结尾. 副词在句中作状语,一般靠近谓语动词或者在句首或者句末.形容词靠近所修饰的名词或代词，作定语.建议你多读英语课本，有意识的分析句子的结构,找出主.谓.宾. 相信你的外语会有明显的提高的.容易混淆的形容词和副词形容词用来修饰名词；副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。

可是，有时形容词和副词容易混淆。

例如“A fast train reached the destination fast”中的第一个“fast”是形容词，第二个就是副词。

此外，有些词既能是形容词，也能是副词，有些词义不变，另些词义不同；有些形容词加上后缀“-ly”构成的副词和原来的形容词意思相近，但有一些意义则相差甚远；更有些形容词，除自己本身能兼而充当副词之外，又可以再加上后缀“-ly”构成派生副词，若不小心，容易引起混淆。

下面分别举例说明：⑴可作形容词又可作副词，词义不同如：①a. Joelle is a pretty child.（形容词）b. Tom will be back pretty soon.（副词）②a. The old man has been ill for some time.（形容词）b. Don't speak ill of others.（副词）⑵既是形容词，也是副词，句子中的语法功能不同，但意义一样，如：③a. What a deep ocean it is !（深的）b. The boy dug deep into the ground.（深）④a. Look at the high mountain!（高的）b. Birds fly high in the sky.（高）⑶形容词可以充当副词，又可以加上后缀，构成派生副词。

在某些场合，两者相近，可以通用（如例⑤和⑥）；在另一些场合里，两者意思有异，不可混为一谈（如例⑦和⑧）：⑤a. Hold it tight, please!b. Hold it tightly, please!⑥a. Please read slower.b. Please read more slowly.⑦a. John came late yesterday.（迟）b. John has been working hard lately.（最近）⑧a. Jason works hard.（努力地）b. Susan hardly works.（几乎不）⑷有些形容词或副词，同时有多个意思，如：⑨a. Hard labour（苦工）b. Hard times（艰难时代）⑩a. The baby is fast asleep.（睡得熟）b. Run fast, please!（请快跑）c. Hold the rope fast!（紧握绳索）⑸同词根的派生形容词和形容词及分词间，意思虽甚接近，但容易引起混乱，如：11a. The child is sleepy.（昏昏欲睡）b. The child is still asleep.（还在睡眠中）c. Why are you looking at the sleeping child?（睡着的）12a. Diana feels lonely/ lonesome in the big house.（感到寂寞）b. Mary was alone in the office last night.（独自）13a. Irene was awake the whole night last night.（整夜未眠）b. Tom had a wakeful night last night.（整夜未眠）c. What did you do during your waking hours last night?（醒着的时刻）(a)和(b)意思相近，但(a)的awake 只能作补足语；(b)的wakeful 则没有这个局限。

(c)里的waking 现在分词和(a)及(b)的两个形容词也似同非同，不易随意取代。

在英语中,某些形容词词形同时也可作副词,但这些形容词还有加后缀-ly 副词的形式,因此这类词就有两种副词形式，它们在用法上有些可以互换，有些是有区别，下面笔者对这类词做一总结。

一般地说，可以互换的这类词，形容词词形的副词表示比较具体的概念，经常用语口语中，不太正式；后缀-ly形式的副词，表示比较抽象的概念，有引申义，并有一定感情色彩，变副词比较级时，用此类副词，如修饰动词和分词，放在它们前面。

1) cheap: often used instead of cheaply, esp. in casual conversation and with verbs like buy and sellDo you like this shirt? I bought it really cheaply.cheaply I can't sell you more cheaply.2) clean: completely, used with (1) verb forget (2) the proposition over, through (3) adv away outI ~ forget. The ball sailed ~ over the roof.The prisoner got ~ away. I am afraid I am clean out of food.cleanly: precisely in a clean manner, often used with v cut.He caught the ball ~ . The doctor cut ~ through the abdominal wall.3) clear: not touchingPlease stand clear of the gate.clearly: distinctly, obviously, similar to the meaning of clearI can't see ~ without my glasses.We ~need to think again.4) close: nearCome close, I want to tell you something.closely: carefully, with great attentionStudy this ~ it's very important.5) dead: exactly completely, used in certain expressions~ right, ~ sure, ` tired, ~ slow, ~ ahead, ~ drunk, ~ straightdeadly: fatallyHe was ~ injured in the crash.6) direct: used instead of directly in talking about journeys and timetablesThe plane goes ~ from London to Houston.7) easy: used in certain expressionsTake it easy. easy come, easy go.Easier said than done.easily I can do very easily.8) fair: used in the expression play ~, fight ~fairly: justly, honestlyYou must do it ~.9) fine: well, used in some expressionsThat suits me fine. You are doing ~.finely: elaborately (细微地）(not commonly usedHe studied it very finely.10) free: without paymentYou can't eat ~ in my restaurant.freely: without limit or restriction(限制）You can't speak ~ in front of my father.11) hard: to show degreeHe hit hard.hardly: almost not12) high it refers to high position.Don't go higher. It is dangerous.highly: it refers to an extreme degree "very much".She is ~ paid. It is ~ amusing.13) just: a moment ago I have just come here.justly: in accordance with justice or the law.You must do it justly.14) late: not on time He hates arriving late.lately: recently I haven't heard from you lately.15) loud: used instead of loudly in informal conversation with the verbs talk, speak, shout, laughloudly: in a big voice They quarreled ~.16) low: in a small voiceCan you speak low?lowly: in a humble wayDon't speak to him lowly.17) most: very Which do you like most?mostly: mainly, most often, in most cases18) pretty: rather ~ well, ~ soonprettily: pleasing to people (悦人地）He danced ~.19) quick: in informal English used instead of quicklyquickly He acted ~.20) real in informal English used instead of reallyreally Are you ~ tell me the truth.21) right: just, exactly, all the wayThe ball hit me ~ in the nose.He arrived ~ after breakfast.Turn right at the traffic lights.rightly: correctly right can be used informally instead of rightly You guessed right(ly)22) sharp: punctually 准时地He arrived at six o'clock ~.sharply: 锐利地，急剧地look ~ speak ~23) short: suddenlyThe car stopped suddenly.shortly: soon He will come shortly.24) slow used in informal conversation instead of slowlygo ~, drive ~25) sound: 彻底地used in the expression sound asleep soundly: 非常好地He is sleeping soundly.26) straight and straightly used in the same way.27) sure: used in American English meaning certainlysurely: He speaks very surely.28) tight: used instead of tightly in informal conversation.hold ~, pack ~. The door was shut ~.tightly: We'd better sit tightly.29)wide: He opened his eyes wide.widely: in many different placesHe has traveled widely.30) wrong used instead of wrongly in informal conversation.You guessed wrong(ly)。