现代大学英语精读1 Unit 10 Mandela’s Garden
现代大学英语精读1 Unit 10 Mandela’s Garden
In early 1977, the authorities announced the end
of manual labor and arranged some type of work for us to do in the courtyard, so we could spend our days in our section. (1) the authorities: he people or organizations in charge, here it refers to the prison authorities More examples: city authorities school authorities local authorities health authorities military authorities China authorities
Non-violence policy
Mahatma Gandhi Nelson Mandela Aung San Suu Kyi
他是现代印度的国父，是印度最伟 大的政治领袖，也是现代民族资产 阶级政治学说——甘地主义的创始 人。他的精神思想带领国家迈向 独立，脱离英国的殖民统治。他的 “非暴力”(ahimsa)的哲学思想， 影响了全世界的民族主义者和争取 能以和平变革的国际运动。
昂山素季（台湾译为翁山苏 姬，港澳译为昂山素姬，马 新译为昂山舒吉，拉丁转写： Aung San Suu Kyi，1945年 6月19日－）生于缅甸仰光， 是缅甸非暴力提倡民主的政 治家。1990年带领全国民主 联盟赢得大选的胜利，但选 举结果被军政府作废。其后 21年间她被军政府断断续续 软禁于其寓所中长达15年， 在2010年11月13日终于获释。 1990年获得萨哈罗夫奖，翌 年获得诺贝尔和平奖。
现代大学英语精读第二版(1)课后翻译句子整理
Unit 1 Half A DayVocabulary1. 他们利用我们求助无门的困境把我们公司接管了。
They took advantage of our helpless situation and took over our company.2. 虽然我们面前仍有困难，但我肯定我们中国人有智慧靠自己实现国家的和平统一。
Although there are still difficulties ahead of us, I am sure that we Chinese people will have the wisdom to bring about the peaceful unification of our country on our own.3. 只强调国内生产总值是错误的，它会引起很多严重问题。
It is wrong to put emphasis on nothing but GDP. It will give rise to many serious problems.4. 他喜欢炫耀他的财富，但是这完全是徒劳的，人们仍然像躲避毒药那样躲避他。
He loves to show off his wealth, but this is all in vain. People still avoid him as though he were poison.5. 他不久就爱上了这个村子。
他决心和村民一起把这个地方变成一个花园。
He soon fell in love with the village and was determined to make it a beautiful garden together with other villagers.6. 我们必须花更多的钱来和全球气温上升作斗争。
另外，我认为我们还必须采用严厉的法律措施。
这不只是一个钱的问题。
We must spend more money fighting against global warming. In addition, we must resort to tough laws. It is not just a matter of money.7. 当警察到达学校的时候，学生和老师还在一种茫然不知所措的状态。
mandela's garden原文及翻译
mandela's garden原文及翻译原文：In the midst of a busy city, there is a small park called Mandela's Garden. It is a place where people from all walks of life come to relax and unwind. The garden is named after Nelson Mandela, a famous anti-apartheid activist and former president of South Africa.The garden is filled with lush trees and flowers, and there are plenty of paths for people to walk and take in the scenery. In the center of the garden, there is a small pond with a view of the city skyline in the distance. At night, the park is illuminated by soft lighting, creating a peaceful atmosphere.People come to Mandela's Garden for many reasons. Some come to meditate or pray, while others come to read or simply enjoy the beauty of nature. The garden is also a place where people can connect withtheir loved ones who are away, providing a sense of comfort and connection.The garden is a testament to the power of community and kindness. It is a place where people from different backgrounds can come together and share in the beauty of nature and the goodness of one another's company.翻译：曼德拉的花园在繁忙的城市之中，有一个小公园被人们称为曼德拉的花园。
外教社大学英语精读第1册Unit10参考答案
外教社大学英语精读第1册第10单元参考答案VocabularyV. 1.j 2.g 3.a 4.i 5.f 6.b 7.h 8.e 9.d 10.cVI.1. have vanished2. tightened3. mysterious4. handle5. caught up in6. pulled into7. dreamed of 8. retreat 9. stunned 10. would come through 11. made their way 12. take (him)back 13. mask 14. brightlyVII.1. The news of Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor stunned the people of the United States.2. The wild animals started to run at the approach of the hunters.3. I was so caught up in the film on TV that I forgot to do my homework.4. Although the Second World War ended more than fifty years ago, many people still remember it painfully.5. The cheerful smile vanished from her face when she heard the bad news.6. In spite of America's high divorce rate, many Americans still dream of a happy marriage. Word BuildingVIII.1. healthy2. dirty3. noisy4. smoky5. stormy6. sunny, rainy7. muddy8. smellyIX.1. ill-advised2. well-paid3. much-used4. well-informed5. poorly-dressed6. well-travelled7. muc h-handled8. well-knownX.1. root2. notice3. retreat4. board5. mask6. retreat7. approaching8. notice9. rooted 10. board 1 1. dreaming 12. approach 13. mask 14. DreamsStructureXI.Model 11. She listened to a continual strange noise coming from the next room, her heart beating fast.2. The old beggar sat at the corner, tears welling up in his eyes.3. Jim continued on his way, the dog jumping around in front of him.4. The girl in the snapshot wore a broad smile, her long hair flowing in the breeze.Model 21. Mother insisted that we be back before 6P. M. In the evening.2. The salesman insisted that the money be paid before the goods were delivered.3. The prime minister insisted that a committee be set up to look into the matter.4. His teacher insisted that he read the book once again before he started writing the report. Model 31. Red flags were seen billowing in the breeze, as if greeting the soldiers coming home.2. The brook kept murmuring all the year round, as if telling a never-ending story of sorrow.3. The young men answered the strangers kindly, as if speaking to good friends.4. Tom turned round from time to time, as if searching for someone in the crowd.ClozeXII.(A)(1)mysterious (2)caught up in (3)dusty (4)made her way (5)painfully (6)approached (7)take him ba ck (8)vanish (9)pulled into (10)exclaimed(B)(1)least (2)feel (3)at (4)for (5)unless (6)with (7)anywhere (8)happened (9)its (10)the(11) better (12)anything (13)in (14)one (15)said (16)about (17)over (18)name (19)which (20)offered(21) who (22)frightened (23)take (24)by (25)dead (26)cut (27)else (28)sleeping (29)following (30)had (31)on (32)ifTranslationXIII.1. We were caught up in a discussion about the situation in the Middle East when the professor wa lked into the classroom.2. A truck pulled into the snow-covered playground of the school.3. Sometime after midnight, the enemy was /were forced to retreat.4. It was in that small room that they worked diligently and dreamed of better days to come.5. When she heard the bell ringing, the old lady rose from her chair and made her way to the door.6. After a day's fight, our soldiers succeeded in taking over some important enemy positions.7. The elderly woman angrily exclaimed that she had been cheated by the shop girl.8. Soon after I boarded the bus, I noticed a strange-looking man. He wore an ill-fitting coat, and sat rooted in his seat.Key to Reading PracticeExercise A1.d2.d3.d4.a.John began to sweat.b. He felt like having a cigarette although he had quit smoking three ninths before.c. His hands were shaking.d. He apologized nervously.5. d6. the son of an oil millionaireExercise B1. 为了在半夜之前赶到家，他把参观公司新总部的事儿也往后推迟了，而此刻他却难以保持清醒。
现代大学英语第二版第一册课件unit10 text appreciation
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Lesson 7 - Mandela's Garden
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Text Analysis
Structure of the text
It describes Mandela’s gardening Part 1 (para. 1- 8 ) about: experience. It shows how Mandela takes this hobby as a survival strategy. It goes further to explain the Part 2 (para.9- 11 ) about: significance of his gardening experience, which has become a metaphor and gives him inspiration on how to be a good revolutionary leader and how to nourish important human relationship. W B T L E
Here Mandela obviously alludes to his relationship with his wife. If not properly looked after and nourished, it would perish.
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现代大学英语精读1课后练习答案
现代大学英语精读1课后练习答案Lesson One Half a DayAnswers1. Oral Work1) What did his father say to give him courage? How did the boy feel when he arrived at the school gate with his father?2) What did the boy learn in school? Can you name some of the things he learned?2．V ocabulary test1) choose the right word and put in the proper form:(1) had received(2) affects(3)Admission(4)awake(5) beneath(6) on2) Put in the missing words.good-natured; hunt; drank; queer;asleep; woke; occurred; absence;portrait; replace.3．Grammar WorkPut in the blanks with correct verb forms.(1) was surfing; was cut;(2) will have planted;(3) was; had not been;(4) has been married;(5) is; will be;(6) is; must have rained4．Written WorkWrite what you’ve learnt from the text about the little boy’s life in school in about 100 words.5．Translation(1)大概全部教导最有价值的结果就是培养你有具有让你完成你不得不做的任何该做的事,不管你愿不肯意做.(2)教导就是能让我们不断地发觉我们的无知.Lesson Two Going HomeAnswers1. Oral work(1) What do you know about these young people?(2) How did the young people feel when they heard the story ?2. V ocabulary test1) choose the right word and put in the proper form:(1) across(2) rise(3) attend/ take part in(4) reach(5) since(6) above/ below2) Put in the missing words.screaming; clenched; triumph; exaltation; except; stunned; misty; covered; ribbons; banner3.Grammar workTranslation.(1) Nobody could tell where the treasure was hidden.(2) The traffic will be very heavy on the road during the rush hour everyday.(3) He may have given her advice, but I doubt if it does her any good.(4) What she learned at university proved useful in her research .(5) If he had waited for the traffic lights to change, he would not have been killed.(6) If not I had seen him at the party yesterday evening !4. Written Work略.5. Translation(1)多给人原谅比多去责备(2)假如我们想要去爱,我们必需学会如何去原谅.Lesson Three Massage of the LandAnswers1. Oral work (answers omitted)2. V ocabulary test1)(1) unfaithful (2) take out(3) talk over (4) send for(5) sent away (6) send up2) Put the missing words(1) sick / ill (2) alone (3) out (4) phone (5) on(6) until (7) church (8) only (9) answered (10) needed (11) clever (12) save (13) bit (14) now3) Write the numbers in words.(1) Two hundred and eight(2) One thousand five hundred / fifteen hundred(3) Seven thousand, one hundred and twenty-eight.(4) two dollars six-five / two dollars and sixty-five cents.(5) fourth(6) twenty-first(7) thirtieth(8) one half, three quarters, four fifths3.Grammar work (answers omitted)4. Written WorkOne possible version:My parents were born, brought up and married on this land. They have been living there through their life. They got up at sunrise and retired with their chickens. They planted and reaped rice and raised a few goats, cows and chickens which could provide what they needed in their daily life.. However, the piece of lands was no longer fertile, bleeding year after year, like them, getting old and exhausted. The soil was not difficult to till when there was a lot of rain, but in a bad year, it was not only the ploughs that broke but their hearts, too. The farmer life is hard but my parents are enjoying it. They cherish their land and never want to leave it.5. Translation.1) 家再贫寒，也没有任何地方能和它比。
Unit 10 Mandela's Garden
Unit 10 Mandela’s GardenNelson MandelaTeaching Objective1. Listening: news and dictation2. Speaking: prejudice3. Vocabulary: alternative, arrange, aspect, cell, chili, construct, contact, cultivate, decline, document, dump, eliminate, enduring, eventually, fertilizer, flourish, fulfill, hallway, intellectual, issue, manual, metaphor, miner, mixture, nourish, onion, patch, peanut, permission, pursue, section, seedling, survive, tend, tender, tennis, warder, wither4. Grammar: to infinitive5. Writing: My view on Internet languageBackground Information1. Nelson Mandela (1918-)Nelson Mandela was born in a village near Umtata on the 18 July 1918.Mandela:The struggle is my lifeHe is still leading the fight against apartheid with extraordinary vigor and resilience after spending nearly three decades of his life behind bars.He has sacrificed his private life and his youth for his people, and remains South Africa's best known and loved hero.Mandela has held numerous positions in the African National Congress Youth League. ANCYL secretary (1948);ANCYL president (1950);ANC Transvaal president (1952);deputy national president (1952)ANC president (1991).He was convicted and jailed for five years in November 1962. While serving his sentence, he was charged with sabotage and sentenced to life imprisonment.2. Robben IslandIt is where he was imprisoned, became a center for learning, and Mandela was a central figurein the organized political education classes.In prison Mandela never compromised his political principles and wasalways a source of strength for the other prisoners.Nelson Mandela was released on February 18, 1990. After his release, he plunged himself wholeheartedly into his life's work, striving to attain the goals he and others had set out almost four decades earlier.3. Apartheidn. (in South Africa) official government policy of racial segregation, separating Europeans and non-Europeans种族隔离4. Ethnocentrism: n.1)Belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.2) Overriding concern with race.5. Genocide: n.The systematic and planned extermination of an entire national, racial, political, or ethnic group.6. ThemeFor Mandela, gardening is the source of spiritual fulfillment. Gardening gives Mandela inspiration for his revolutionary cause. Political leaders are like gardeners.ⅡWarm-up activities1. Do you know anything about gardening?2. Describe a scene living in a garden city.ⅢDetailed study of the textPara 11. In early 1977, the authorities announced the end of manual labor and arranged work for us to do in the courtyard, so we could spend our days in our section.the authorities---the people or organizations in charge. Here it refers to the prison authorities. 2. announce the end of manual labor---In the past, Mandela and other political prisoners locked up on Robben Island were to work in a quarry cutting stones, which was very hard manual labor.3. section---the part of prison where Mandela and other political prisoners were kept.4. liberatingThis arrangement not only freed the prisoners from hard manual labor, but also saved them long trips to and from the quarry so that they now had time and energy for things they were unable to do in the past.5. preparing legal documents---This shows that Mandela did not ask for a lawyer. He had decided to be his own lawyer.6. pursue---to continue trying to do or achieve sth over a long period of timen. pursuitPara 27. get satisfaction from/find satisfaction in/take satisfaction in or from sth8. develop---create sth over a period of time9. feel fulfilled---feel happy and satisfied because you are doing useful or important things10. empty of dust---completely without dust11. take pride in---be proud ofPara 311. give in to---finally agree to what sb wants, after refusing for a period of timePara 412. garbage dump---a place where garbage is taken and left13. I had to remove a great many rocks to allow the plants room to grow.remove---take away from a placea great many/number ofa great deal/amount of14. room---space15. allow sb to do sthI have to take away a large number of rocks so that the plants have space to grow.16. at heart---basically, fundamentallyPara 517. hardy plants---plants who can survive in the extremely serious conditionsQ: What do hardy plants imply?The political prisoners are strong to keep surviving18. regret to do---regret doingforget, remember to do/doing19. flourish---grow well and be healthy20. provide sb with sth---provide sth for sbPara 621. While I have always enjoyed gardening, it was not until I was behind bars that I was able to tend my own garden.while---althoughbe behind bars---be in prisontend---look after sth/sbAlthough I have always loved gardening, I didn’t have a garden of my own until I was in prison.22. contact withtouch, get in touch with23. alternative---choice24. neither… norPara 725. through trial and error---a way of achieving an aim or solving a problem by trying a number of different methods and learning from the mistakes that you madePara 826. enduring satisfaction---satisfaction that lasts for a very long time27. This sense of being the owner of the small patch of earth offered a small taste of freedom.sense---a particular feeling about sthBeing aware that you could grow whatever you wanted on a small piece of land enabled you to enjoy a small amount of freedom.Para 928. In some ways, I saw the garden as a metaphor for certain aspects of my life.see sth/sb as---see sth/sb in a particular way; regard sth asmetaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole/exaggeration, repetitioncertain aspects of my life---a national leader, the handling of human relationship in general, and of his marriage with Winnie in particularPara 1029. Leaders must also look after their gardens; they, too, plant seeds, and then watch, cultivate, and harvest the results.Mandela is here comparing his gardening with his responsibility as a national leader. As in gardening, in his struggle as an ANC leader, he also has to plant seeds, and take care of what he has planted until in the end he harvests the results.Q: What do “garden”, “plant seeds”, “watch”, “watch”, “cultivate”, “harvest the result” symbolize/represent respectively?30. mind one’s work---take care of sth/sb; watch or be in charge of sth/sbPara 1131. When it finally died, I removed the roots from the soil, washed them, and buried them in a corner of the garden.By telling Winnie what he did with the dead tomato plant in detail, Mandela wanted her to know he cared about their marriage and felt very sorry about their worsening relationship.32. wither---fade33. either through some mistake or lack of care, the plant began to wither and decline, and nothingI did would bring it back to health.Mandela seemed to feel that he was partly responsible for the way his relationship with his wife had declined, and that was why he did what he could to save their marriage. But he felt that their marriage probably wouldn’t survive.Para 1134. at length---for a long time, in a full and complete way, in detail35. I do not know what she read into that letterread into sth---think that an action, remark or situation has a particular importance of meaning, often when this is not true.I do not know how she understood that letter.36. Sometimes there is nothing one can do to save something that must die.If sth which is unavoidable/inevitable, you have to accept it.ⅣStructure analysisPart One: (paras.1-8) describes his gardening experience. It shows how Mandela takes this hobby as a survival strategy. The gardening gives him satisfaction, offers a taste of freedom, and makes him strong physically and mentally.Part Two: (paras.9-11) goes further to explain the significance of his gardening experience, which has become a metaphor and gives him inspirationship (specifically with his wife).ⅤExercises。
现代大学英语精读1-第十课课后参考答案分析解析
Preview1 Listen to the recording of the text and Choose the statement that best reflects your understanding.1. D2. D3. D4. B Vocabulary1 Become familiar with the rule of word formation.1 Give the corresponding nouns for the following verbs.1. improvement2. endurance3. success4. allowance5. supply6. provision7. cultivation8. nourishment9. fulfillment10. attempt11. elimination12. refusal2 Give the corresponding verbs for the following nouns.1. garden2. fertilize3. mix4. liberate5. require6. fail7. endure8. alternate9. result10. satisfy3 Translate the following expressions. Point out which –ing form is a gerund and which apresent participle.1.一家建筑公司（gerund）2.缺少一个环节（presentparticiple）3.一个动人的故事（presentparticiple）4.阅读技能（gerund）5.一件泳衣（gerund）6.落日（present participle）7.起居（gerund）室8.睡美人（present participle）9.安眠药片（gerund）10.乏味的讲演/报告（presentparticiple）11.饮用水（gerund）12.流血的鼻子（present participle）13.藏身之处（gerund）14.太笼统/绝对的话（presentparticiple）15.狩猎的季节（gerund）16.最后的润色（gerund）17.指导原则（present participle）18.下个星期（present participle）19.颤抖的双腿（present participle）20.一张渔网（gerund）21.一根手杖（gerund）22.现有的制度（present participle）23.饮食习惯（gerund）24.（比萨）斜塔（presentparticiple）25.一个有前途的学生（presentparticiple）26.正在增长的人口（presentparticiple）4 Compare the following expressions and translate them into Chinese.1.发展中国家；发达国家2.正在落下的树叶；落下的树叶3.正在沸腾的水；开水4.正在退败的战斗；一场败仗2 Complete thefollowing verb +collocations orexpressions.1.have/get/show/produce/achieve2.have/take/accept/show/bear/assume3.discuss/debate/raise/settle/confuse/avoid4.pursue/have/develop5.have/make/lose/avoid6.face/lives/time/money/trouble7.roots/chairs/hats/coats/gloves/shoes/bandages/make-up/doubts8. land9.enemies/rivals/opponents/suspects/errors10.oil/cars/cotton/results/a movie11.care/time/money/experience/patience/courage12. thedead/treasure/past/head13.plants/children/animals/relationship 14.meetings/appointments/time/place/books/flowers/business affairs3 Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the expressions listed below.1. cut out, removed/cut out, from2. provides/supplies, with3. brought back4. ask, permission5. empty6. take, in, through trial and error7. read, into8. at great length, providing, with9. in some ways, at heart4 Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions or adverbs.1. in2. up3. away4. way5. out6. up7. out8. up9. with5 Translate the following sentences into English.1. 如果他们拒绝归还这些小岛，他们两国的关系就不能完全正常化。
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Was born on July 18, 1918;
Jointly established the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) in 1944;
Was imprisoned (1962-1990)
Was awarded, with F. W. de Klerk, Nobel Peace Prize in 1993;
manual labor, but also saved them long trips to and from the quarry so that they now had time and energy for things they were unable to do in the past Liberating: He found the end of manual labor liberating. He felt liberated.
seeds, and then watch, cultivate, and harvest the results (metaphors, 9) -like gardeners, leaders must take responsibility for what they cultivate. (simile, 9)
His elegant style of writห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ng
A happy combination of abstract and specific words -abstract: liberating, fulfilled satisfaction, pride, contact,
freedom, cultivate, nourish -specific: start a garden, plant, watch, harvest The use of parallel structures (2,8) The use of figurative language -leaders must also look after their gardens; they, too, plant
The news was a bit surprising. Everybody was surprised.
…to pursue what became two of my favorite hobbies on Robben Island (1)
pursue: to continue trying to do or achieve sth over a long period of time e.g to pursue a career, goal, hobby, etc
Was elected the first black President of South Africa in 1994;
(He and Winnie Mandela) divorced in 1996;
Resigned from his office without seeking a second term in 1999
pea 豌豆 spinach 菠菜
fennel 茴香
marrow 西葫芦 香瓜，甜瓜
lettuce莴苣，生菜 melon
In early 1977, the authorities announced the end of manual labor and arranged some type of work for us to do in the courtyard, so we could spend our days in our section. (1)
favorite: (adj) best liked or most enjoyed e.g Who is your favorite writer?
favorite: (n) 1) sth that you like more than others of the same kind; 2) sb who is liked and treated better than others
health authorities
military authorities
China authorities
manual labor: in the past, mandela and other political prisoners were made to work in a quarry cutting stones, which was very hard manual labor.
one: (formal) people in general, including yourself, any person e.g. Great works of literature make one think. One never knows what the weather would be.
get satisfaction from sth find satisfaction in sth take satisfaction in/from sth: to feel happy or find
pleasure in sth e.g. She finds great satisfaction in helping her neighbors to learn English. The boy gets satisfaction from teaching his grandpa how to use the computer. He used to take satisfaction in making fun of others.
Note: in everyday English, people usually use “you” rather than “one” e.g. You know, you can be rich and unhappy.
If you smoke too much, you may harm your lungs.
doing useful or important things empty of sth: completely without sth e.g. The restaurant was almost empty of customers. The street was empty of traffic. organize: to arrange things so that they can be found or
Mahatma Gandhi Nelson Mandela Aung San Suu Kyi
他是现代印度的国父，是印度最伟 大的政治领袖，也是现代民族资产 阶级政治学说——甘地主义的创始 人。他的精神思想带领国家迈向
独立，脱离英国的殖民统治。他的 “非暴力”(ahimsa)的哲学思想， 影响了全世界的民族主义者和争取 能以和平变革的国际运动。
Apartheid
The policy of white government of South Africa from 1950 to the early 1990s
Discrimination (racial segregation)
Three major racial groups: White, Bantu(black Africans) and Colored (people of mixed descent), added by a fourth category (Asians, Indians and Pakistanis)
develop: to create sth over a period of time develop methods/plans/a new theory
One can feel fulfilled by…,by…,by… (2) feel fulfilled: to feel happy and satisfied because you are
e.g Would like more apple pies? It’s your favorite. His second daughter was her grandma’s favorite.
To survive in prison one must develop ways to take satisfaction in one’s daily life. (2)
…one can find the same pride in doing small things…(2)
take/find pride in (doing) sth: to feel very pleased about sth or sb (Para. 2) e.g.
The little town takes great pride in their recent achievements. The children take pride in wearing school uniform.
garlic sprout 蒜苗 potato 马铃薯
sweet potato 番薯，红薯
pepper 胡椒粉，辣椒
onion 洋葱 green onion叶用葱
lotus root 藕 rape 油菜
snake gourd 丝瓜 white/wax gourds 冬瓜
gourd 葫芦 soy 大豆
昂山素季（台湾译为翁山苏 姬，港澳译为昂山素姬，马 新译为昂山舒吉，拉丁转写： Aung San Suu Kyi，1945年 6月19日－）生于缅甸仰光， 是缅甸非暴力提倡民主的政 治家。1990年带领全国民主 联盟赢得大选的胜利，但选 举结果被军政府作废。其后 21年间她被军政府断断续续 软禁于其寓所中长达15年， 在2010年11月13日终于获释。 1990年获得萨哈罗夫奖，翌 年获得诺贝尔和平奖。