博士入学考试试题

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博士入学考试-1001英语

XX博士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：1001 科目名称：英语请注意:答案必须写在答题纸上（写在试题上无效）in law and medical school classrooms in rece nt years.A) subord in ati on B) participatio n C) impact D)assumpti on3. It has been proven innumerable times that the various types ofbehavior, emoti ons, and in terests that _______ being masculi neand feminine are patter ned by both heredity and culture.A) con struct B) assig n C) con stitute D)approve4. Our guess said some very things about the meal I ' d cooked.subtleon the test.A ) complimentaryB ) complimentedC ) complementaryD ) complement5. He has some ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.A) vulgar B)vague C) delicate D)6. The teacher gave me a on the b ack for gett ing an “A” A) clap B) hit C) pat D) padgatheri ng.A) reas oningB)reas on able C) n eutral D)mutual18. Some people tell jokes very well while others __________________ say someth ing funny.A) attempt to B) tempt to C) appeal to D) struggle to 19. I was jealous of the football player ' s ________ in school.A) popularity B) curiosity C) familiarity D) professi on20. It was only when I saw the painting on sale for half the priceI paid for it that I realized IA) in trigued B) steered bothered H . Reading Comprehensionfollowed by somequestions or unfinished there are four choices marked A., B., C. andD. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.d been ________ C) cheated D)Directi ons:There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage isstatements. For each of themPassage OneAn 82-year-old manwhoshot a burglar who was trying to break into his allotme nt shed was ordered to pay him £ 4000 damages yesterday.Ted Newbery had bee n sleep ing in the shed to try to stop van dals destro ying his allotme nt. He fired through a hole in the door whe n he heard voices outside. Mark Revill, 28, was hit in the chest and arm by 50 shotg un pellets as he and ano ther man tried to smash their way into the shed. They had gone there to steal, knowing that the pensioner had a televisi on set and a washi ng machi ne in the shed.Mr. Newbery had slept in the shed every ni ght for four yearsbecause of van dalism, the court was told by the defe nse. That ni ght, he heard a loud banging on the door, and a voice say ing “ If the oldman s in there, we ' ll do him. ” He was absolutely terrified, and fired the gun in self-defense. As a result of the incident, Mr. RevillA) He tried to break in. B) He was shot dead.C) He was a n eighbor of Mr. Newbery. D) He lived onpension.2. Mr. Newbery said he shot at Mr. Revill _____ .A) out of panic B) through the windowC) to frighte n him away D) because he wasangry with him3. Which of the following opinions did the court most probably agree withA) It was Mr. Revill ' s own fault if he was injured.B) Mr. Newbery had pla nned the shooti ng.C) Mr. Newbery should have bee n sent to pris on for what he did.D) A home owner is entitled to shoot a burglar under any circumsta nces.4. The Mayor of Erewash started a fund to help Mr. Newbery becausehe thought _____ .A) Mr. Newbery was right in trying to defe nd himself6. This passage implies that war is nowc. believes that the adoption of some ideologies could prevent ward. does not doubt the truth of any ideologiessemester. A typical course con sists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years atte nding two semesters each year.It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a Ion ger period. It is also possible for a student to move between one uni versity and ano ther duri ng his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in stude nt orga ni zati ons arouse much en thusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipli ne is usually performed by stude nts who advise the academic authorities. Any stude nt who is thought to have broke n the rules, for example, by cheati ng has to appear before a stude nt court. With the en ormous nu mbers of stude nts, the operati on of the system does invo Ive a certa in amount of activity. A stude nt who has held one of these positions of authority is muchrespected and it will be of ben efit to him later in his career. 11. Normally a stude nt would at least atte nd classes eachweek.A. 36B. 12C. 20D. 1512. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed .a. to live in a different universityb. to take a particular course in a different university.c. to live at home and drive to classesd. to get two degrees from two different universities13. America n uni versity stude nts are usually un der pressure of workbecause .a. their academic performanee will affect their future careersb. they are heavily invoIved in student affairesc. they have to observe university disciplined. they want to run for positions of authority14. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in studentorga ni zati ons probably becausea. they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study估计了本大题共1小题，本大题共25分。

2023年上海交通大学博士生英语入学考试试题

2023年上海交通大学博士生英语入学考试试题第一部分：听力理解（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）请听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Where does this conversation most likely take place?- A. In a restaurant.- B. In a library.- C. In a hospital.2. What does the woman want to do?- A. Return the shirt.- B. Buy a new shirt.- C. Exchange the shirt.3. What does the man think the weather will be like tomorrow?- A. Sunny.- B. Cloudy.- C. Rainy.4. How many classes did the woman miss?- A. One.- B. Two.- C. Three.5. What does the woman imply about men?- A. They are careless.- B. They are forgetful.- C. They are helpful.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。

6. What does the woman want to do?- A. Go swimming.- B. Go hiking.- C. Go skiing.7. When does the conversation most probably take place?- A. In winter.- B. In spring.- C. In summer.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。

博士入学考试历年试题

武汉大学刑法学博士入学考试历年试题（1999－2009）编者按许多人咨询我考武汉大学刑法博士应该看哪些参考书目，历年来都考了哪些题目，应该如何准备复习。

于是，我就将武汉大学法学院刑法学10年来的博士入学考试的真题进行汇编，并传到我的个人博客，希望对那些有志于成为武汉大学马家军弟子的考生有所帮助。

当然，为了能够顺利考上刑法学博士生，单纯复习这几本刑法书是远远不够的，希望各位朋友能够认真阅读《法学研究》、《中国法学》、《中外法学》、《法学评论》等中国一流法学期刊上近三年发表的一些刑法学术论文、武汉大学法学院刑法学教授、博导以及赵秉志教授、陈兴良教授、张明楷教授、周光权教授等刑法学权威的著作和学术论文。

吴情树整理于华侨大学法学院2009年3月25日2009年一、中国刑法1、未成年人犯罪的刑罚基础2、我国刑法的空间效力3、组织卖淫罪二、外国刑法1、论共犯的本质2、论遗弃罪三、西方刑法学说史1、论贝卡里亚的刑法观2、论宫本英修不作为犯罪的思想2008年一、中国刑法1、未遂犯的成立条件2、我国刑法中的减刑3、我国刑法中的受贿罪二、外国刑法1、日本刑法中的共谋共同正犯理论2、德日刑法中的单纯赌博罪和常习赌博罪三、西方刑法学说史1、费尔巴哈的刑罚理论2、威尔哲尔的目的行为论2007年一、中国刑法1、论犯罪的基本特征2、论刑罚的目的3、结合刑法分则的规定，论述法条竞合的概念、表现形式以及法律适用的原则。

二、外国刑法1、论述西方刑法中的不作为犯2、论述日本刑法中的受贿罪类型三、西方刑法学说史1、简述李斯特的犯罪观2、简述日本新派与旧派的刑法理论之争3、简述团藤重光的死刑废止论2006年一、中国刑法1、想象竞合犯及与法条竞合的区别2、论我国的刑罚消灭制度3、论绑架罪以及与非法拘禁罪的界定二、外国刑法1、论西方刑法中的行为理论2、评短期自由刑3、论日本刑法中的放火罪三、西方刑法学说史1、西方刑法古典学派的主要观点2、李斯特的刑罚目的观3、新社会防卫论的主要观点2005年一、中国刑法1、论中止犯2、论罚金刑3、诈骗罪二、外国刑法1、论违法性本质2、赃物罪三、西方刑法学说史（空）2004年一、中国刑法1、论教唆犯2、论数罪并罚原则3、论交通肇事罪二、外国刑法1、论共犯的本质2、同意杀人三、西方刑法学说史1、费尔巴哈的刑法思想2、植松正的刑法思想3、安塞尔的刑法思想2003年一、中国刑法1、论犯罪对象2、论追诉时效的计算3、论绑架罪二、外国刑法1、论违法性的本质2、论自由刑的统一化3、论遗弃罪三、西方刑法学说史1、比较古典学派与近代学派的异同2、比较贝林格与小野清一郎的构成要件理论2002年一、中国刑法1、论犯罪对象2、论立功制度3、论诬告陷害罪二、外国刑法1、因果关系论2、短期自由刑以及存废3、论背信罪三、西方刑法学说史1、启蒙思想的刑法面前人人平等之演变2、费尔巴哈的心理强制说3、菲利的犯罪三原因论4、牧野英一的犯罪征表说5、论贝林格的构成要件理论6、论团藤重光的人格行为论、人格责任论及构成理论2001年一、中国刑法1、论防卫过当2、论时效制度3、论走私普通货物、物品罪二、外国刑法1、论原因自由行为2、论罚金刑3、论抢劫罪三、西方刑法学说史1、古典学派的刑法思想2、李斯特的刑罚观3、宫本英修的犯罪未遂论2000年一、中国刑法1、论刑法中的因果关系2、论刑罚权的根据3、论挪用公款罪二、外国刑法1、论过失学说2、论外国刑法中刑罚权的根据学说3、论德日刑法中的脱逃罪三、西方刑法学说史1、论贝卡利亚的刑罚适用原则2、牧野英一的目的刑论3、后期古典学派的刑法理论1999年一、中国刑法1、论特殊主体2、论假释制度3、论故意杀人罪二、外国刑法1、论德日刑法中的法益2、论外国刑法中的前科消灭制度3、论德日刑法中的强奸罪三、西方刑法学说史1、试论贝卡利亚的死刑废止观2、论小野清一郎的构成要件理论3、试述近代学派刑法理论考试指定参考书目：中国刑法马克昌主编：《犯罪通论》、《刑罚通论》，武汉大学出版社。

中国科学院研究生院博士研究生入学考试试题

中国科学院研究生院博士研究生入学考试试题(1)考试科目：动物学一、名词解释(每题3分，其中举例1分；共30分)1．后口动物2. 咽鳃裂3. 羊膜动物4. 鳞嵴5. 物种6. 口咽式呼吸7. 混合体腔8. 生物多样性9. 动物区系10. 同源器官二、填空题（每空0.5 分，共15分）1. 降河洄游入海的鱼类其体液渗透压需要完成由（）转变为（）。

（提示：填高或低）。

2. 粘孢子虫是渔业养殖中危害较大的病原体之一，其无性生殖方式是（）生殖。

3. 华枝睾吸虫病是一种在我国较为流行的食源性寄生虫病。

其病原体的虫卵排入水体后被第一中间宿主螺吞食后逸出（），然后逐渐发育为胞蚴，（）和（）；后者成熟后被释放到水体中，遇到第二中间宿主鱼或虾后侵入其体内发育为（）。

4. 寡毛纲动物神经系统为（）。

5. 水体中常见的浮游动物蚤状溞属于甲壳纲（）亚纲。

6. 蚌和鳑鮍鱼是自然界生物间相互依存的典型实例；鱼将卵产于蚌的（）中，蚌的（）寄生于鱼的皮肤上。

7. 动物的肌肉组织是由（）胚层发育分化而来。

8. 我国陆地动物区系分属于（）届与( )届两大区系；现代动物区系的基本轮廓呈现于（）初期。

9. 甲壳纲动物体节常分为（）部和（）部；具有（）对附肢。

10. 藤壶是附着在海边岩石、船体上的一种常见生物，它隶属于（）亚门。

11. 大多数鱼类身上被有鳞片，而鱼鳞主要分为3种，即硬鳞、（）和（）。

12. 环毛蚓的生殖系统为雌雄（），生殖时（）受精。

13. 环节动物的循环系统属（）式循环；节肢动物的循环系统是（）式；两栖动物的循环方式为（）和（）的双循环。

14. 鸟类在繁殖期常各自占有一定的领域，不许其他鸟类（尤其是同种鸟类）侵入，称为（）现象。

15. 棘皮动物的成虫呈（）对称，其幼虫呈（）对称。

三、问答题(共55分)1. 简述脊索动物的三大主要特征及脊索的出现在动物演化史上的意义。

（8分）2. 简述近年来动物系统分类学中三大学派的主要观点。

博士研究生入学考试英语试题及详解

博士研究生入学考试英语试题及详解Doctoral Entrance Examination in EnglishPart I: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question or complete each statement.Passage 1:Climate Change and Global WarmingClimate change refers to long-term changes in average weather patterns in a specific region or globally. Global warming, on the other hand, specifically refers to the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities. While some argue that global warming is a natural phenomenon, the overwhelming majority of scientists agree that human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, are the primary causes of climate change.1. According to the passage, what is the main cause of global warming?A. Natural phenomenaB. Human activitiesC. Average weather patternsD. Long-term changes in climateAnswer: B. Human activities2. What is the difference between climate change and global warming?A. Climate change is caused by human activities, while global warming is natural.B. Global warming refers specifically to changes in average weather patterns.C. Climate change refers to long-term changes in climate, while global warming is due to human activities.D. Global warming specifically refers to the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities.Answer: D. Global warming specifically refers to the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities.Passage 2:The Importance of BiodiversityBiodiversity refers to the variety of plant and animal species within a certain ecosystem. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the environment and supporting the overall health of ecosystems. Loss of biodiversity is a significant concern as it can lead to negative impacts on food security, climate stability, and overall ecosystem function.3. What is biodiversity?A. The variety of plant and animal species within a certain ecosystem.B. The balance of the environment.C. The health of ecosystems.D. The stability of climate.Answer: A. The variety of plant and animal species within a certain ecosystem.4. Why is loss of biodiversity a concern?A. It leads to an increase in food security.B. It has no impact on climate stability.C. It can negatively affect food security, climate stability, and ecosystem function.D. It supports overall ecosystem function.Answer: C. It can negatively affect food security, climate stability, and ecosystem function.Part II: Writing (60 points)Directions: In this section, write an essay on one of the following topics. Your essay should be approximately 400 words in length.1. The Impact of Technology on Society2. Education in the Digital Age3. The Importance of Cross-Cultural Communication4. Sustainable Development and Environmental ConservationPart III: Speaking (60 points)Directions: In this section, you will be asked to discuss one of the following topics. You will have five minutes to prepare your response and three minutes to present it.1. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Learning2. The Influence of Social Media on Relationships3. Effective Strategies for Time Management4. The Role of Government in Promoting Renewable EnergyDetailed explanations and model answers for Part II and Part III will be provided during the examination.Good luck with your doctoral entrance examination in English!。

三峡大学博士研究生英语入学考试真题

三峡大学博士研究生英语入学考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Three Gorges University PhD Entrance ExamSection I: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.The Industrial Development of ChinaChina's rapid industrial development over the past few decades has been nothing short of remarkable. From a predominantly agrarian society to a global manufacturing powerhouse, China has transformed its economy and infrastructure to become one of the world's leading industrial nations.One key factor in China's industrial growth has been the government's push for modernization and technological advancement. Through strategic policies and investments in research and development, China has been able to leapfrog ahead in industries such as electronics, automotive, andaerospace. This has not only boosted China's economy but also enhanced its global competitiveness.Another contributing factor to China's industrial success is its large and skilled workforce. With a population of over 1.4 billion people, China has a vast pool of talent that has helped drive its industrial growth. The government has also invested heavily in education and training programs to provide workers with the necessary skills and knowledge to succeed in modern industries.Despite its impressive industrial achievements, China still faces challenges in the form of environmental pollution, resource depletion, and social inequality. The government has acknowledged these issues and has implemented measures to address them, such as promoting sustainable development practices and improving social welfare programs.In conclusion, China's industrial development has been a testament to its resilience and determination to succeed on the global stage. By addressing its challenges and continuing to invest in innovation and sustainability, China is poised to remain a key player in the industrial landscape for years to come.1. What has been a key factor in China's industrial growth?A. Abundant natural resourcesB. Skilled workforceC. Government subsidiesD. Rapid urbanization2. How has China addressed its environmental challenges?A. By ignoring themB. By promoting sustainable development practicesC. By decreasing industrial productionD. By increasing pollution levels3. What is the main idea of this passage?A. China's industrial development has been remarkableB. China's industrial growth has had no impact on the environmentC. China's workforce is not skilled enoughD. China's government has not invested in educationPlease write your answers in the space provided.Section II: Writing (60 points)Choose ONE of the following topics and write a 500-word essay.1. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Society2. The Importance of Renewable Energy Sources3. The Role of Women in Leadership PositionsRemember to support your arguments with examples and evidence.Good luck on your exam!篇2Three Gorges UniversityDoctoral Program Entrance ExamSection 1: Reading Comprehension1. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The Impact of Climate Change on BiodiversityClimate change is one of the most pressing issues facing the world today. Rising global temperatures, melting ice caps, and extreme weather events are just some of the consequences ofclimate change. One of the less talked about impacts of climate change is its effect on biodiversity.Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth and the interactions between them. As temperatures rise and habitats are altered, many species are facing extinction. The loss of biodiversity has serious implications for ecosystems and human society as a whole.1. What is biodiversity and why is it important?2. How does climate change affect biodiversity?3. What are some ways to mitigate the impact of climate change on biodiversity?Section 2: Writing1. Write an essay on the following topic:"The Role of Education in Combating Climate Change"2. Write a research proposal on a topic related to your field of study.Section 3: Listening ComprehensionListen to the audio recordings and answer the questions that follow.Section 4: SpeakingPrepare a short presentation on a topic of your choice and be prepared to answer questions from the examiners.Good luck on your exam!篇3Three Gorges University Doctoral Graduate English Entrance ExaminationReading ComprehensionDirections: In this section of the test, you will have 30 minutes to read a passage and then answer questions based on the passage. Answer the questions to the best of your ability.Passage 1: Climate Change and Its Effects on Global Health1. What is climate change?Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, and other climate patterns on Earth. These changes are largely driven by human activities, specifically the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.2. How does climate change impact global health?Climate change can have a variety of negative effects on global health. For example, rising temperatures can lead to an increase in heat-related illnesses, such as heat stroke, dehydration, and heat exhaustion. Additionally, changes in precipitation patterns can lead to droughts, which can contribute to food shortages and malnutrition. Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and wildfires, can also pose significant risks to public health.3. What can be done to mitigate the effects of climate change on global health?There are several steps that can be taken to mitigate the effects of climate change on global health. These include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the use of renewable energy sources, promoting sustainable agriculture practices, and investing in public health infrastructure. It is also important for individuals to take steps to protect their own health, such as staying hydrated during heat waves and following evacuation orders during extreme weather events.4. How can individuals contribute to the fight against climate change?Individuals can contribute to the fight against climate change by reducing their own carbon footprint. This can be doneby using public transportation, carpooling, conserving energy at home, and reducing waste. Additionally, individuals can advocate for policies that aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect the environment.5. What are the potential benefits of addressing climate change?Addressing climate change can have a variety of benefits, including improved public health, enhanced food security, and a more sustainable environment. By taking action to mitigate the effects of climate change, we can create a healthier and more resilient planet for future generations.Questions:1. According to the passage, what is the main driver of climate change?2. How can rising temperatures impact global health?3. What steps can be taken to mitigate the effects of climate change on global health?4. How can individuals contribute to the fight against climate change?5. What are the potential benefits of addressing climate change?Please write your answers on a separate sheet of paper and turn it in to the proctor when you have finished.Writing SectionDirections: In this section of the test, you will have 60 minutes to write an essay in response to the prompt below. Your essay should be approximately 300-400 words in length.Prompt: In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of mental health. Discuss the impact that mental health has on overall well-being and the steps that can be taken to promote mental health in society.Be sure to address the following points in your essay:- Define mental health and its importance to overallwell-being.- Discuss the factors that can contribute to mental health problems.- Outline steps that can be taken to promote mental health in society.Please write your response in the space provided. Remember to use proper grammar and punctuation.Good luck!。

博士入学考试试题

博士入学考试试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪项不是博士研究的基本要求？A. 创新性B. 系统性C. 可复制性D. 广泛性2. 博士论文撰写中，以下哪项不是必须遵守的学术规范？A. 引用他人观点必须注明出处B. 数据必须真实可靠C. 可以对实验数据进行选择性报告D. 论文结构必须清晰合理3. 在博士研究过程中，以下哪项不是常见的研究方法？A. 实验法B. 观察法C. 调查法D. 猜测法4. 以下哪个选项不是博士生培养的目标？A. 独立思考能力B. 解决问题的能力C. 团队合作精神D. 个人英雄主义5. 博士生在进行学术研究时，以下哪项不是必要的文献资料？A. 相关领域的经典著作B. 最新的研究论文C. 过时的学术文章D. 权威的学术期刊6. 在博士学习期间，以下哪项不是学生应该具备的素质？A. 好奇心和求知欲B. 批判性思维C. 严格遵守学术道德D. 只关注个人研究方向7. 下列哪项不是博士生参与学术交流的目的？A. 分享研究成果B. 获得同行评议C. 增加个人知名度D. 拓宽研究视野8. 在博士研究中，以下哪项不是数据处理时需要注意的？A. 数据的完整性B. 数据的准确性C. 数据的保密性D. 数据的随意修改9. 博士生在撰写学术论文时，以下哪项不是论文的重要组成部分？A. 摘要B. 引言C. 结论D. 个人感想10. 在博士研究中，以下哪项不是研究伦理的基本原则？A. 诚实B. 责任C. 公正D. 利益最大化二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述博士研究中创新性的重要性及其在学术界的作用。

12. 描述博士生在学术写作中应如何避免抄袭和剽窃。

13. 解释为什么博士生需要具备跨学科的知识和技能，并举例说明。

三、论述题（每题25分，共50分）14. 论述博士生在科研工作中应如何处理与导师的关系，以及如何建立有效的沟通机制。

15. 选择一个你感兴趣的研究领域，讨论该领域中当前存在的主要问题和未来的研究方向。

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博士入学考试试题1 心外科2000年上海第二医科大学胸心外科博士入学考试试题1、纵隔肿瘤分类特点2、VSD手术适应症，分类，临床表现3、TAPVC的解剖分型4、DORV的分类，手术适应症5、漏斗胸2001年同济医科大学心胸外科入学考试试题一名词解释（4分/题）1 胸出口综合征2 肺错构溜3 血气胸4 法乐四联症5Edstein畸形二问答题1试述心肌保护方法的新进展（12分）2食管癌的临床病理分期和外科治疗的原则（15分）3急性胸部损伤的综合处理原则（13分）2002年同济医科大学心胸外科入学考试试题一名词解释（4分/题）1LABP2DeBakey(II)3INR4双向Glenn术5Rastellir术6Bentall术二写出下列名词的正常值（2分/题）1激活凝血时间2 二尖瓣面积（成人）3 碱剩余4 潮气量5 全肺阻力6 尿游离血红蛋白7 左心射血分数二问答题（8分/题）1矫正型大血管转位传导系统的解剖特点？2比较法乐氏四联症与右心室双向出口的异同点？3冠状搭桥术前危险因素的评估包哪些内容？4婴幼儿体外循环与心肌保护特点有哪些？2003年同济医科大学心胸外科入学考试试题一名词解释（5*3）1急性排斥反应2DebakeyIII型3组织工程心脏瓣膜二问答题1完全性大动脉错位的手术方式有哪些？（10分）2气管。

主支气管钝性外伤的好发部位及机制（10分）3冠心病心肌梗死的并发症有哪些？外科治疗的适应症和禁忌症？（10分）三选择题（每题15分，心外学生选第一题，胸外选第二题）1婴幼儿体外循环与心肌保护特点？2肺减容术的手术原理、适应征？2005年同济医科大学心胸外科入学考试试题一、名解碱剩余McGoon比例心肌顿抑心脏指数毁损肺二、简答1、二尖瓣关闭不全的手术指征2、试述永存动脉干的临床分型3、冠状动脉主要分支及供血范围4、心内直视手术后钙超载的发生机制及预防措施5、支气管扩张的手术适应症、禁忌症2006年第三军医大学胸心外科博士入学考试试题一、名词解释（5分×4）1、Adamkiewicz Artery2、Eisenmenger's Syndrome3、Pancoast Tumor4、ECMO二、填空题：（4分×10）1、动脉导管连接于（）和（）之间。

分型（）（）（）2、食管癌的病理形态分型（）（）（）（）3、张力性气胸的急救处理（）4、肝素的化学本质是（），作用机制（），体外循环中肝素用量为（）5、脓胸致病菌进入胸腔的途径（）（）（）6、肺癌按细胞类型分型（）（）（）（）7、肺癌的转移途径（）（）（）8、法洛四联症的畸形（）（）（）（）9、正常二尖瓣的开口面积（），主动脉瓣的开口面积（）10、胸主动脉瘤的病因（）（）（）（）三、论述题：（20分每题，4选2，多答不加分）1、食管癌外科治疗进展2、风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄的病理生理特点和手术适应证3、法洛四联症和右室双出口的病理特征与手术治疗原则4、胸心外科手术后抗生素应用原则2222 心血管内科1998年山东大学医学院心血管专业考博试题1.名词解释1)T/P ratio2)inotropic effect3)pseudoarterioaneurysm4)infarct expansion2.AMI的TIMI分级3.降压药的选药原则4.风心二狭的并发症5.根据近几年大规模临床试验评价治疗心力衰竭的各类药物6.超声心动图堆急性心肌梗塞并发症的诊断价值7.变异型心绞痛的心电图特点及临床特点8.中心性紫绀与周围星子感的鉴别9.DIC的病因10.急性胃炎的病因1999年山东大学医学院心血管专业考博试题专业试题1、名词解释：1)lucitrophic effect2)white-coat hypertension3)dextrocardia4)ventricular aneurysm5)cor triatrium2、抗高血压药物的分类、适应征及禁忌症3、缩窄性心包炎与RCM的鉴别4、NO在心血管中的生理作用5、何谓舒张性心力衰竭？其病因及临床表现、治疗有何特点6、心梗住院期间再次出现胸痛见于那些情况，有何特点7、心源性晕厥见于那些疾病8、良恶性溃疡的鉴别9、再障需与哪些疾病鉴别10、肺心病的治疗2000年山东大学医学院心血管专业考博试题专业试题1、MS出现咯血的原因有哪些2、主动脉瓣狭窄的解剖学分类3、HCM的治疗进展4、高血压的治疗5、心电图对心肌梗死的诊断价值6、肝性脑病的临床分期7、肺癌的临床表现8、叶酸缺乏的原因9、Dressler Syndrome，Barlow Syndrome2003年中山医科大内科考博试题一、名词解释1.Brugada syndrome2.一期临床试验3.阿司匹林抵抗4.心动过速性心肌病5.猝死6.ICD7.代谢综合征二、简答题1.原发性肺动脉高压的药物治疗2.肝素诱导血小板减少症3.钙离子跨膜转运三、论述题1.慢性心力衰竭的治疗进展2.胸痛的鉴别诊断3.宽QRS的诊疗程序4.ACS的治疗措施2003年同济医科大学心血管专业博士入学考试试题一、公共选答题（选择其中4道，不能选本专业试题，每题10分，共40分）1．试述一位内科医生对痰性状的仔细观察对于疾病诊断的临床意义。

2．试述心血管系统疾病的常见症状于体征。

3．试述风湿性疾病与结缔组织病的现代概念。

4．输血的常见并发症及急性溶血反应的治疗措施。

5．上消化道大量出血的治疗措施。

二、专业必答题心内科（每题12分，共60分）1．什么叫急性冠脉综合征？简述对于一位疑诊为急性冠脉综合征的病人的处理程序。

（可用流程图表示）2．宽QRS波的鉴别诊断。

3．起搏器的类型及其适应症。

4．试述近10年来慢性心功能不全的治疗进展。

5．高血压的鉴别诊断。

2004年同济医科大学心血管专业博士入学考试试题公共题：1。

感染性休克（休克性肺炎）的治疗原则2。

溶血性，阻塞性和肝细胞性黄疸的鉴别诊断（包括临床表现和实验室检查）3。

失水的分类依据及主要病因4。

慢性心力衰竭的病因，心力衰竭的分级的治疗原则专业题：名词解释：1.心室重构2.心房电重构3.胰岛素抵抗.4.存活心肌5.二联律法则问答：1.急性心肌梗塞的二级预防2.高血压危象的治疗原则1.beta受体阻滞剂和ACE阻断剂治疗心力衰竭的要点4.心源性晕厥的病因2005年同济大学心内科考博试题名解:1．anuria2．neutrophilia3．瘀点4．用力肺活量5．钟摆律简答：1．什么是Ｊ点？意义？2．脾大的诊断？3．冠心病的分型？4．什么是ＥＳＢＬ？由什么菌引起？5．旰硬化的并发症？6．消化性溃疡质子泵抑制剂种类？7．ＰＩＮ的诊断？8．６种造血干细胞疾病？问答：１．意识障碍的分类及临床表现？心血管专业１．不稳定心绞痛的定义，病理基础，临床表现，处理原则？２．二十种引起继发性高血压疾病3．心肌病分类，心电，超声特点4．冠心病一级预防，二级预防，ＡＢＣＤＥ代表意义５．先心病介入治疗适应症，并发症上海第二医科大学心血管专业博士近三年的考题（不全）：1、RE2、卫星序列3、端粒4、Gene chip5、L-G-L综合征6、错义突变7、脂质3联征8、SSCP-PCR9、PFGE简答：1、左前分支传导阻滞的ECG特点。

2、肺部听诊固定性湿啰音和移动性湿啰音的听诊特点。

3、抗血小板药物分类问答：1、冠心病治疗进展2、抗炎抗血小板药物在心血管疾病中的应用3、舒张晚期奔马律的听诊和意义4、起搏器治疗心血管疾病的进展5、房颤治疗进展6、心衰治疗进展8、冠心病发病的机制研究进展9、冠心病的危险因素2004年浙江医科大学心内科博士入学考试试题名解倾斜试验冠心病等危症双心室同步起搏还有三个忘了简答（10分*2）1冠心病血脂治疗的目标值2感染性心内膜炎的诊断标准问答（25*2）1心衰的治疗进展1acs治疗的进展2005年上二医心内科专业考博考题（回忆版）一选择题（50分）已经回忆不起来了。

一名词解释（5分X6）1动脉重塑2醛固酮逃逸3变异型心绞痛1Ebsten's畸形5无再流6？三简答题（4分X5）1急性冠脉综合征早期介入治疗和急性心梗急诊PTCA是否为同一概念？2何谓舒张性心力衰竭？诊断和治疗？3何谓夹层动脉瘤？治疗策论和原则？4什么是折返？应具备那些条件？2005年第三军医大学心内科博士入学考试试题一、名词解释（每个5分，共30分）1、Ebstain畸形2、DDDR的含义3、心包填塞4、心肌坏死标记物5、完全性左束支传导阻滞6、X综合征二、问答题（50分）4个1、哪些因素限制了溶栓治疗在临床上的应用？（10分）2、主动脉夹层动脉瘤的临床分型（10分）3、试述宽QRS波型心动过速（15分）4、简述B－受体阻滞剂在心血管病中的应用（15分）三、病例分析题（20分）具体内容记不清了，问题是：1．最可能的诊断？主动脉夹层分离急性心包填塞心源性休克2．与哪些疾病相鉴别？3．还需要作哪些进一步检查？4．如何治疗？2005年首都都医科大学内科博士试题名词解释20分1.AIDS；2.AMI ；3.COPD ；4.WPW ；5.IVUS简答题20分1原发性胆汁性肝硬化的实验室特点2肾上现皮质功能减退主要是哪2种激素分泌不足？各有何临床表现？3高脂血症降脂治疗的达标直是多少？4。

肺栓塞的形成因素有那些？心内科题名词解释8分1INR2PLAATO3 DES 4IVUS5CRT简答题8分1.代谢综合症的主要内容？2.AMI 的ICD 应用指针？问答题24分3.STEMI 的再灌注策略及溶栓治疗的禁忌症？124.ATP III2004调脂目标直及关心病极高危的定义122005年协和医科大学心内科复试试题(一)名词解释:1.呼吸衰竭2.无症状性溃疡3.慢性肾小球肾炎4.慢性粒细胞白血病急性变(二)问答题:1.不稳定心绞痛的治疗.2.继发性高血压的主要疾病和病因.口试:1.心衰的发病机制.2.室性心动过速的分类.3.英文自我介绍.4.一篇关于ACE inhibitor的文章翻译及评价.2006年山东大学心血管内科学博士试题一、名词解释：（每题2分，共20分）1、phosphodiesterase2、percutaneous coronary intervention3、coronary artery fistula4、ankle brachial indeo5、reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction6、genetic heterogeneity7、matrix metalloproteinases8、B-catenin9、Cytokine10、iDiopathic ventrical tachycardia二、简答题：每题6分，共60分1、心脏失同步化的心电图表现是什么?2、亚临床冠状动脉粥样硬化的影响因素是什么？3、PTCA血管适应症是什么？4、主动脉夹层的原因是什么？5、抗血小板的药物有哪几类？各举一例。

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