英语四级定语从句讲义以及参考答案
定语从句详细讲解与习题
一．定语从句：定语从句是一种在句子中起修饰作用的从句，用于修饰一个名词或代词，就像一个形容词一样，让这个名词或代词的信息更加具体。
1. 基本结构---定语从句通常由关系代词（如who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（如when, where, why）引导。
例如：--- The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
）其中，“that/which I bought yesterday”是定语从句，修饰先行词“the book”，“that/which”引导词，在从句中作宾语，指代“the book”。
2. 关系代词的用法--- who/whom：用于指人。
“who”在从句中做主语，“whom”作宾语。
---例如：The man who helped me is my teacher.（帮助我的那个人是我的老师。
）这里“who”在从句中做主语，不能省略；而在句子“The boy whom I met yesterday is my friend.”（我昨天遇到的那个男孩是我的朋友。
）中，“whom”作宾语，在口语中也可以用“who”来代替，并且可以省略。
--- whose：表示所属关系，意为“……的”，既可以指人也可以指物。
-例如：I know the girl whose mother is a doctor.（我认识那个女孩，她的妈妈是一名医生。
）“whose mother”在从句中做主语，修饰“the girl”；对于物，“The house whose windows are broken needs to berepaired.”（窗户破了的那所房子需要修理。
）--- which：用于指物，在从句中可以作主语或宾语。
---例如：The movie which we watched last night was really exciting.（我们昨晚看的电影真的很刺激。
定语从句（附练习与答案详解）
定语从句（附练习与答案详解）定语从句详解定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作⽤是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以⼜称为形容词性从句，⼀般紧跟在它所修饰的先⾏词后⾯。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作⽤：1.代替先⾏词。
2.引导定语从句。
3.在定语从句中担当⼀个成分。
I met someone who said he knew you.我碰见⼀个⼈，他说他认识你。
（who代表someone,⼜引导从句修饰它，同时⼜在主句中担任主语）The dog which was lost has been found.丢失的狗找着了。
（which代表dog,⼜引导定语从句修饰它，⼜在从句中担当主语）The noise that he made woke everybody up.他弄出的声⾳把⼤家都吵醒了。
（that代表noise,⼜引导定语从句修饰它，⼜在从句中担任made的宾语）The car which(that) I hired broke down.（）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和⾮限定性定语从句限定性定语从句：⼤多数定语从句对所修饰的词的意思加以限制，表⽰“…的⼈（或东西）”，这种从句成为限定性定语从句。
这种从句限制所修饰词的意思，如果把它拿掉，句⼦意思即不清楚，甚⾄失去意义，例如：I knew the reason why he was so angry.我知道了他为什么那么⽣⽓的原因。
（若把从句why he was so angry去掉，句⼦意思则不清楚。
）Madame Curie was a woman we admired.居⾥夫⼈是我们崇拜的⼥性。
（若把从句we admired去掉，句⼦就失去意义。
大学英语四级,CET4定语从句
admirable.
5) 由“介词 ＋ 关系代词”引导的分句结构 a. 此种结构多用于正式语体。能作这种用法的关系 代词是which,其次是whom, 有时是whose.
eg. They tried to think of a plan by which they could fulfil
their task ahead of time.
He is telling a story of LeiFeng, of whom every one of
us is proud.
The driver was the man from whose room she had
stolen the maps. 在这种用法中，介词的选择受到上下文的制约，或 与前面名词词组的搭配有关，或与后面动词词组的搭 配有关。 eg. The material of which the apparatus (机械） is made is a good nonconductor (绝缘体） of heat.
通常用who(m)/whose指人，用which指物，如： eg. The driver, who was young, had only just got his
license.
This book, which only appeared a year ago, has already
专四语法：PART4 定语从句
PART4 定语从句Introduction：定语从句在四级英语测试中占有一定的比重，大约在词汇语法题的7.4%，平均每次都有一题，实际测试中有时多达三道题。
在我们讲四级英语测试对定语从句的考查之前，先让我们看以下几题⏹1) Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ____ obtaining water is not theleast.A.for whichB.to whichC.of whichD.in which⏹ C ①关系词的使用一看先行词，二看关系词在从句中的作用，在此基础上熟记几个常用的固定句式，如：the same … as ; such … as当看到先行词前有the same 或such修饰时，可直接从选项中找as，选择就变得比较简单。
在这种情况下，考生用不着考虑先行词是人还是物。
如Our company won't employ such graduates as you recommend.I'm determined to buy such a flat as you are now living in.⏹2) A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, ____weresurprising.⏹ A.as results B.which resultsC.the results of itD.the results of which⏹Answer: D⏹②上面有两道题涉及到关系词在句中做定语。
同学们应该熟悉关系词做定语时的各种变体。
做定语的关系词可有以下变体，试比较：the office whose windows are brokenthe office the windows of which are brokenthe office of which the windows are broken上面的2）题就属于the windows of which这种形式。
定语从句讲解以及练习附答案(英语)
2010届高考二轮复习定语从句一.概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,称为定语从句,也叫形容词性从句二.相关知识点精讲1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。
例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。
例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which / that在句中作宾语）The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
（which / that在句中作宾语）2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
定语从句知识点汇总(原创含练习及答案)
三大从句——定语从句句子的成分定语从句，在一个复合句中作定语修饰某一个名词或代词，因此被称作定语从句；又因作定语的往往是形容词，所以定语从句又称形容词性从句。
定语从句是指一类由关系词引导的从句，往往位于被它修饰的词或词组之后。
被定语从句修饰的词或词组称作“先行词”，引导定语从句的词称作“关系词”，“关系词”又分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。
·关系代词：that which who whom whose as·关系副词：when where why从句结构：从句是一个将关系词提前到句首的陈述句，即将关系词还原后变为一个完整的陈述句。
定语从句又分为“限制性定语从句”和“非限制性定语从句”，限制性定语从句起限定作用，修饰特定的名词或代词；而非限制性定语从句只起到补充说明某种信息的作用。
·限制性定语从句：从语义上看，限制性定语从句主要起限定作用，只能修饰名词或代词，如果删去限制性定语从句，整个句子表意会不完整甚至不通顺；从结构上看，限制性定语从句往往紧跟先行词，并且一般不用逗号隔开。
·非限制性定语从句：从语义上看，非限制性定语从句主要起补充说明的作用，可以修饰名词、代词、短语或句子，在句子中不充当成分，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。
从结构上看，它与主句之间往往用逗号隔开；若将非限制性定语从句放在句中，其前后都需要用逗号分隔。
做题技巧：·判断句子是否为复合句（长难句分析课时内容）·判断从句是否充当定语，若是则下一步；否则判断是否为剩下两种从句·判断先行词是人还是物，抑或整个句子·确定先行词在从句中所作的成分·确定关系词，从句缺成分选关系代词（没有what！）；反之选关系副词（没有how！）·关系代词关系代词所修饰的先行词在从句中充当的成分that人/物主语/宾语/表语which物/句子主语/宾语/表语who人主语/宾语/表语whom人宾语whose人/物定语（先行词的所有格）as人/物/句子主语/宾语/表语·关系副词关系副词所修饰的先行词在从句中充当的成分when时间时间状语where地点/抽象地点地点状语why reason原因状语注意事项（考点）：·只能用that的情况（先行词具有唯一性，绝对性）①当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰，或先行词本身是形容词最高级或序数词时，只能用that②当先行词是指物的不定代词或被这些词所修饰时，只能用that③当先行词被the only,the very（正是，恰恰）,the last,the same等含“唯一”意义的词修饰时，只能用that④当主句是以which,who引导的特殊疑问句或强调句型时，能用that时，为避免重复只能用that⑤当主句是there be或here be结构，且定语从句修饰指物的主语时，只能用that⑥当先行词既含有人也含有物时，只能用that⑦在双重限制性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，为避免重复，另一个从句只能用that引导⑧当先行词指物且为主句的表语或关系代词是从句的表语时，常用that而不用which·只能用which的情况①当先行词指物且关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词在关系代词前时，只能用which，当介词和从句中的谓语构成固定的动词短语（如look after,look for,look forward to,take care of等）时，一般不能将其拆分开提前。
定语从句最细致讲解，附练习题（值得收藏）
定语从句最细致讲解，附练习题（值得收藏）定语从句（安徽中考不考，但平时月考会考到）（一）1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。
如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
that指人也指物which指物who指人whom指人，做宾语whose指人或物，做定语二、定语从句（二）1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you .2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。
This is the very book ______ I’m looking for .3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。
This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。
定语从句讲解,详解及习题(答案解说)
定语从句讲解，详解及习题（答案解说）定语从句一、概述在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。
定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that和关系副词when、where、why等。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.最后，那个小偷向警察交出他偷的所有的东西。
（引导词是关系代词that）His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone whose family was poor.他父母不让他和家庭困难的人结婚。
（引导词是关系代词whose）In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turnfor help.在那个黑暗的街道上，没有她可以求助的人。
（引导词是关系代词whom）In 1519 another traveller who went to America from Europe discovered the tomato. 1519年另一位从欧洲去美洲的旅行家发现了西红柿。
（引导词是关系代词who）I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得第一次去北京的那一天。
（引导词是关系副词when）This is the house where we lived last year. 这就是我们去年住的房子。
（引导词是关系副词where）二、关系代词和关系副词的功用能关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。
（完整版）定语从句全面详细讲解附练习题加答案
（完整版）定语从句全面详细讲解附练习题加答案定语从句详细讲解（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
大学英语四级考试语法讲义：定语从句省略
大学英语四级考试语法讲义：定语从句省略英语四级高级语法：定语从句省略一、定语从句的回顾Fruit that contains vitamin C can relieve a cold.The man who we met yesterday is a famous psychologist.iuThis is the right book that you are looking for.二、关系词充当宾语的时候三、关系词充当主语(1)谓语结构为实词(2)谓语结构为be + 名词四、先行词为the way定语从句省略A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a micro-processor and memory, and a GPS (全球定位系统) satellite positioning receiver. (06。
6旧)She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. (06。
6旧)Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic (长久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.(06。
6旧)It enrolls 90,000 student , a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.(07.12)Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at annual rate of 3.9 percent, form 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. (07.12)18. W: You had a job interview yesterday, didn’t you? How did it go?M: Not too bad, I guess. There were about 20 candidates competing for the sale s manager’s job. And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified.Q: What does the man imply?A)He is confident he will get the job.B)His chance of getting the job is slim.C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sale s manager.D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected.Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. 09.12汉密尔顿并不是第一位跨越大西洋到外国任职的教育家。
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定语从句讲议一．什么是定语从句1.定语从句(Relative Clause, Adjective Clause, Attributive Clause, Defining RelativeClauses, Restrictive Clauses ) 是一种由关系词(Relative Word) 引导的从句形式的后置定语。
它分限定性和非限定性两种(Defining and Non-defining)。
2.关系词分关系代词(Relative Pronoun) 和关系副词(Relative Adverb)以及关系限定词(Relative Adverb ).二．限定性和非限定性定语从句在句法和语意上的区别1．限定性定语从句对其所修饰的先行项(Antecedent) 起限制作用，不可缺少，否则句意不完全。
主句和从句间不用逗号隔开。
2．非限定性定语从句只是对其所修饰的Antecedent提供有用的补充情况，缺了它，主句句意仍完整。
主句和从句间用逗号分开，常用在书面语中，文体较正式。
三．关系词的分类关系词分两类：1．关系代词：WHO: refers to persons and used as a subject;WHOM: refers to sb. and used as an objectWHICH: refers to sth. and as a subject, object and prepositional objectTHAT: often refers to sth. sometimes to sb. and a subject, object and prepositionalobjectNote: THAT can’t be used to introduce a non-defining relative clause in an EnglishExamination.2.关系副词:WHEN: refers to time and used an adverbial.WHERE: refers to place or location and as an adverbial.WHY: refers to reason and as an adverbial. It can’t be used to introduce a non-defining relative clause.3.Whose 是表示所属/所有权关系的关系词，是唯一的关系限定词。
4.As 是关系代词，可作主语，主补和宾语四．Examples:---- What’s the name of he blonde girl who just came in?--- Do you think one should stay faithful to the person to whom one is married?--- The brocks which fell off the roof caused serious damage.--- Where’s the money that I lent you?--- The man whose hair is long is an American movie star.--- We all look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more secret of the universe.--- This is the place where I found my lost watch.--- That is the reason why I don’t agree with you.--- The two combers, who were feeling exhausted, went back to their tent.--- The Chairman’s daughter, whose name is Ann, gave me a patient smile.--- We are going to settle in N. Carolina, wher e land is cheap.--- I’m seeing the manager tomorrow, when he will be back from New York.五.修饰全句的定语从句。
--- He showed me a photo that upset me.--- He tore up my photo, which upset me.--- He wore his swimming things in the office, which shocked his boss a great deal. 五．Usages of Relative Clauses:1．在限制性定语从句中，常用that来代替其他关系代词，尤其是在口语和非正式文体中，that 如果在从句中作宾语。
常省略(zero that ).--- He’s a man that ( who ) people like at first sight.--- I’ve lost the bananas that ( which ) I bought this morning.2.在下列单词后习惯上用that.All, every ( thing ), some ( thing ), any (thing ), no ( thing ), none, little, few, much, only.--- Any man that ( who ) smokes cigarettes is risking his health.--- You’re the only person that can help me.3.当先行项被最高级修饰时，关系代词习惯上用that.--- Newton was one of the greatest men that ever lived.4.关系代词在SVC结构中作主语补语或there be 结构中作“实意主语”时，通常用that指人或物。
--- Dr. Smith still talks like the man ( that ) he was en years ago.--- He asks for the latest book ( that ) there is on the subject.5.在表示方式，时间或地点的单词后，常用zero that 来代替in which, when 或where.--- I didn’t like the way ( that ) she spoke to me.--- I’ll never forget the Sunday ( that ) you first arrived.--- Do you know any where( that ) I can get a drink?6.先行项被the only, the very, the same, the last, the first time + clause 修饰时, 习惯上用that.7.当以who/ which 开始的特殊疑问句，惯用that.六．有时非/ 限制性定语从句在语意上起状语分句的作用，表示原因，目的，结果，条件或让步等意义。
--- He is clever and quick at his work, for which he is honored with the title of model worker. ( so that : result )--- He wished to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter .( purpose )--- The headmaster was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished esp. to talk to or to hear from. ( cause )七．AS 引导定语从句。
( 主要是非限定性，也可以是限定性。
)当as 引导以整个分句，整个谓语或述谓成份为先行项的非限定关系分句时，其仍然保留“理由，比较，方式，等同”等意义；as 引导的分句在意义上不可与主句相悖，而且一般是肯定句，对主句意义起辅助作用，表示正如等意义。
其在句中的位置可以是句尾，句中或句首，是介乎关系分句和状语分句的语法结构。
The same … as …; such… as… ; as … as …--- He married her, as/ which was natural. ( SVC / SV ) as a subject--- He seemed a foreigner. As / which in fact he was. ( SVC) as a SC--- He is fond of music, which / as I’m glad to hear. ( SVO ) as an object--- Mumy treats me just like a baby, which /ｘas I can’t bear.--- As he realized, I was very useful to him.--- We are facing the same problems as we did years ago = We are facing the problems which we faced years ago.We find such shrubs as will best stand up to hard weather. = We find shrubswhich best stand up to hard weather.八．在非限定性从句中，限定词如some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, few 可与of whom 和of which 连用--- It’s a family of 8 children, all of whom are studying music.--- I’ve tried 8 courses of dishes, none of which is to my taste.有时我们还常看到这样的结构。