英语语言学填空题及答案
英语语言学试题
英语语言学试题（5）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题2分，共20分)1.The description of a language as it changes through time is a () study.A. comparativeB. diachronicC. up-to-dateD. descriptive2. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until recently the most highly developed, is () phonetics.A. auditoryB. acousticC. articulatoryD. none of the above three3. What the element …-es‟ indicates is third person singular,??present tense, the element …-ed‟ past tense, and …-in g‟ progressive aspect.??Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also ().A. phonemesB. morphemesC. allophonesD. phones4. Since early 1980s Noam Chomsky and other generatvie linguists proposed and developed a theory of universal grammar known as the ()theory.A. speech actB. TGC. principles-and-parametersD. minimalist programme5. One way to analyze lexical meaning is ().A. predication analysisB. stylistic analysisC. componential analysisD. proposition analysis6. Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the (-) because this kind of speech act is identical with the speaker‟s intention.A. locutionary actB. illocutionary actC. perlocutionary actD. constative act7. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar (? ).A. Sir William JonesB. John FirthC. M. A. K. HallidayD. F. D. Saussure8. A bilingual speaker often uses two languages alternatively during a conversation with another bilingual speaker,??a speech situation known as (? ).A. discourse role-switchingB. activity role-switchingC. social role-switchingD. code-switching9. A focal point of SLA research has been the nature and development of L2 learners‟(? ).A. second languageB. first languageC. foreign languageD. interlanguage10. It is estimated that the number of basic words known by English-speaking school children of age six is around (? ).A. 7800B. 6800C. 5800D. 4800二、填空题(每小题1分，共10分)11. The description of a language at some point in time is a s________ study.12. When pitch,??stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i________.13. According to its position in the new word, a________ are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.14. P________ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.15. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s________ restrictions.16. The u________ meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered.17. Some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p________, the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.18. R________ are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations.19. Learners will subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in learning a second language.??This is known as language t________.20. A related issue with integrative motivation has been the extent to which learners differ in the process of adapting to the new culture of the L2 community. This adaptation process is called a ________.三、判断说明题(判断下列各题，正确的在题干后面的括号内填“T”，错误的填“F”，并说明理由。
英语语言学试题(9)
英语语言学试题（9）语言学试题及参考答案I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)1. Linguistics is the scientific study of __________.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular language2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced, bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) __________.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form4. In the phrase structure rule "S→NP VP", the arrow can be read as __________.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates5. "I bought some roses" __________ "I bought some flowers".A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of__________.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemesD. utterances8. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.A. sociallyB. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmatically9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? __________.A. language and speechB. visual and spatial skillsC. reading and writingD. analytic reasoning10. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.A. babblingB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiwordⅡ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)11. As the first step of their scientific investigation of language, linguists have to observe and collect linguisticf before they can do anything else.12. Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s rules.13. An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is called a f___________ morpheme.14. A c sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as "and", "but", "or".15. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called s .16. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the C principle proposed by J. Grice.17. In addition to social changes, one ofthe most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t across generations.18. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the s attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.19. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "s speech," and speech as "overt thought." In such a case, speaking and thinking take place simultaneously.20. I is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA.Ⅲ. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false , you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)21. ( ) An important differencebetween traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the "best authors" for language usage.22. ( ) In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied.23. ( ) We can always tell by the words a compound contains what it means because the meaning of a compound is always the sum of the meanings of its parts.24. ( ) Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences and sentences with infinite length, due to their recursive properites.25. ( ) The conceptualist view of meaning holds that there is no direct link between a symbol and reference, i.e. between language and thought.26. ( ) Of the views concerning the study of semantics, the contextual view, whichplaces the study of meaning in the context in which language is used, is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense.27. ( ) In first language acquisition children's grammar models exactly after the grammar of adult language.28. ( ) The sentences "He crazy" and "He be sick all the time" are both acceptable in Black English vernacular because copula deletion and habitual be are two famous features of Black English.29. ( ) Speakers of different languages are capable of distinguishing and recognizing experiences of the same objective world according to their respective different linguistic coding system.30. ( ) Instruction and correction are key factors in child language development.Ⅳ. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3%×10=30%)31. synchronic linguistics32. displacement33. a minimal pair34. derivational affixes35. syntax36. language transfer37. hyponymy38. sentence meaning39. lingua franca40. cerebral cortexⅤ. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41. Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English.42. Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、C2、B3、C4、B5、A6、C7、C8、B9、B 10、C二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）11、facts 12、sequential 13、free 14、coordinate 15、semantics 16、Cooperative 17、transmission 18、social 19、subvocal 20、Interlanguage三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）21、（T）22、（F）As there is an essential difference between the consonants and the vowels, i.e. there is some kind of obstruction of air in theproduction of the former, but there is not in the production of the latter, it is impossible to use the same criteria in their classification.23、（F）We cannot always tell by the wordsa compound contains what it means because the meaning of a compound is not always the sum of the meaning of its parts.24、（T）25、（F）The conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link between a symbol and its referent, i.e. between language and the real world; rather, in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind.26、（T）27、（F）In first language acquisition children's grammar never models exactly after the grammar of adult language, because children usually construct their personal grammars by themselves and generalize rules from the linguistic information they hear.28、（T）29、（T）30、（F）Instruction and correction are not key factors in child language development. Linguists have found that for the vast majority of children, language development occurs spontaneously and requires little conscious instruction. Instruction and correction just play a minor role.四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）31、Linguistics that studies language at one particular point of time, e.g. the study of the kind of English used during Shakespeare's time.32、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language is not restricted by the 'here' and 'now' as animal communication is; we can virtually talk about anything we want, including what happened in the past, what is going to happen in the future, what is not existent in the immediate surroundings and even what we imagine.33、A pair of sound combinations which are identical in every way except one sound, e.g. /pit/ and /bit/.34、Affixes added to an existing form to create a new word ,e.g. in-,-er 35、Syntax is a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language, and it consists of a set of rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form grammatical sentences.36、Language transfer is a phenomenon that L2 learners subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in their learning process.37、Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more specific word and a more general, more inclusive word. The former is included in the latter. For example, a cat is a hyponym of animal.38、Sentence meaning refers to the intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of a predication. It is abstract and decontextualized. For example, semantic analysis of the sentence meaning of "The bag is heavy" results in theone-place predication BAG (BEING HEAVY).39、A lingua franca is a variety of language that serves as a medium of communication among groups of people of diverse linguistic backgrounds. For this reason, a lingua franca must be an agree-upon "common tongue" used by people thrown into social contact for various purposes, such as for social or commercial purposes.40、Cerebral cortex is the outside surface of the brain, the decision-making organ of the body, receiving messages from all sensory organs and initiating all voluntary actions. Many of the cognitive abilities that distinguish humans from other mammals, such as sophisticated reasoning, linguistic skills, and musical ability, are believed to reside in the cortex.五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）41、Sociological triggers for language change refer to such radical socio-political changes as wars, invasions, occupation,colonialization, and language planning and standardization policies. A typical example in the history of English is the Norman Conquest, a military event that marked the dawning of the Middle English period. This means that Middle English began with the arrival of the Norman French invaders in English under William the Conqueror in 1066. And for about a century and a half after the Norman Conquest, French remained as the language of the ruling class, as far as literature and administration were concerned. So Middle English was deeply influenced by Norman French in vocabulary and grammar. For example, such terms as "army," "court," "defense," "faith," "prison" and "tax" came from the language of the French rulers.评分标准：满分10分，其中定义占3分，典型例子占5分，例词占2分。
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)
有答案的第一部分选择题41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题（2）五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.(2)He saw young men and women present.(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples.re-un-anti-super--wise-itis-ize-age英语语言学试题（3）Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.英语语言学试题（5）五、论述题(第41、42小题各7分，第43小题6分，共20分)41. Under what conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme?42. For the following sentence, draw a tree diagram to reveal its underlying structure.The girl ate the orange.43. Study the passage taken from Shakespeare’s HAMLET below carefully and identify every difference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is evident.King: Where is Polonius?Hamlet: In heaven, Send thither to see.If your messenger find him not there,seek him i’ the other place yourself.But indeed, if you find him not withinthis month, you shall nose him as yougo up the stairs into the lobby.Act IV, Scene iii英语语言学试题（6）41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating withexamples how they function in the distinction of meaning.42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.英语语言学试题（7）五、论述题（每小题10分，共20分）1. Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle:A: Where’ve you been?B: Out.2. Analyse the following words and show how many morphemes each of them contains:specialize , indisputable, individualistic, downfall, unexceptionableness, ungentlemanliness(每个语素0. 5分)英语语言学试题（8）语言学试题)41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements? Support your statement with examples.42.Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production英语语言学试题（9）语言学试题及参考答案41. Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English.42. Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.语言学试题参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、C2、C3、D4、D5、D6、B7、B8、C9、A 10、D二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）11、knowledge12、bilabial13、morphology14、sentence15、complete16、representatives17、coinage18、delete19、critical20、interlanguage三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）21、FActually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons.22、FVoicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.23、FThe meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound "redcoat".24、FApart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or aphrase that performs a particular grammatical function.25、FDialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English, "girl" is called "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whishey" in Irish dialect.26、T27、T28、FThey have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, i.e. one language may be used in some domains, other language in other domains.29、FThe true statement is "According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language determinesspeakers' perceptions and patterns their way of life"30、T四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）31、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels. At the lower level, there are a limited number of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are an unlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation.32、Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, e.g.the study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present.33、A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basic principle is to use one letter to indicate one sound. It is generally used in dictionaries and language teachingtextbooks.34、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, e.g.-ly can be added to a noun to form an adjective.35、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences36、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items. For example, "husband" and "wife", "father" and "son" etc.37、Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, the word "man" is analyzed as comprising of +HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.38、Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer, For example, the knowledge of the language used and the knowledge of the world, including the general knowledge about the world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which linguistic communication is taking place.39、A euphemism is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might be harsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive, e.g. "pass away" for "die".40、Brain lateralization refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain. For example, the right hemisphere processes stimuli more holistically and the left hemisphere more analytically. In most people, the left hemisphere has primary responsibility for language, while the right hemisphere controls visual and spatial skills.五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）41、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.1) Vowel sound change: English has undergone the systematic and regular change in the vowel sounds, known as the Great Vowel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved seven long, or tense vowels. These changes led to one of the major discrepancies between the phonemic representations of words and morphemes, i.e. between pronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English, e.g.five→/fi:v/(Middle English)→/faiv/(Modern English)2) Sound loss: Sounds can change by the loss of phonemes. In the history of English the velar fricative /x/ was lost. This sound existed in Old English, so "night" was pronounced as /nixt/, but in Modern English, its pronunciation is /nait/.3) Sound addition: Sound addition includes the gain orinsertion of a sound. For example, the word leisure was borrowed from French, so the phoneme /3/ was added to the inventory of English sounds. A change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as epenthesis,e.g.spinle--spindle.4) Sound movement: Sound change as a result of sound movement known as metathesis involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. Metathesis is less common, but it does exist. In some dialects of English, for example, the word ask is pronounced /? ks/. Also, bridd ("bird") is an Old English word. When metathesis occurred to this word, the movement of /r/ sound to the right of the vowel sound resulted in its Modern English counterpart "bird".评分标准：满分为10分，总论及四小点各占2分。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编2
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编2(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the 1it is associated with.（人大2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：meaning）解析：解析：（语言具有任意性，其所指与其形式没有逻辑或内在的联系。
)2.Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present(in time and space)at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as 1.（北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：displacement）解析：解析：（移位性是指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点。
)3.By duality is meant the property of having two levels of structures,such that units of the 1level are composed of elements of the 2level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.(北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：primary）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：secondary）解析：解析：（双重性是指拥有两层结构的这种属性，底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则。
专八 TEM8 语言学填空
《英语语言学》综合习题集胡壮麟版1. Linguistics is the scientific systematic study of __________ .2. To many people, a linguist is the same as a ________ , one who can speak several Languages fluently.3. In professional usage, the ______ is a scholar who studies Language objectively, observing it scientifically, recording the facts of Language, and generalizing from them.4. ______ phonetics studies the movement of the vocal organs of producing the sounds of speech; _______ phonetics studies the way the sounds of speech are perceived by the human ear.5. _______ deals with how Language is acquired, understood and produced.6. ___ studies the neurological basis of Language development and use in human beings.7. ___ is concerned with the diversity of Language as it relates to various sociological factors.8. ___ is concerned with variation and use in relation to the cultural patterns and beliefs of man.9. The ancient theories of the origin of Language were of ____origin.10. The Egyptians considered themselves to have the oldest civilization and asserted that the original human Language was ___.11. The theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the ___ theory.12. The theory that primitive man instinctively gave vocal expression to every external impression has been called the ___ theory.13. A commonly held view among the classic Greeks was that at some ancient time there was a“___ “ who gave the correct, natural name to everything.14. The theory that Language arose from instinctive emotional cries, expressive of pain or joy has been called the ___ theory.15. The theory that primitive Language was an imitation of natural sound, such as animal cries, has been called the theory .16. The theory that Lang uage arose from human beings’ instinctive need for contact with his companion has been called the ___ theory.17. Writing is a secondary Language form based upon ___, and Morse code is tertiary, based upon ___.18. The reason why Languages other than our own sound like gibberish is because we have not mastered the complexity of their ___.19. The symbols are said to be arbitrary because they do not ___ what they represent.20. Language is called upon not only for communication, but also for ___ and cultural ____.21. Language is an ___ system of articulated sounds made use of by a group of humans as a means of carrying on the affairs of their society.22. Language is a purely human and ___ method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means ofa ___ of voluntarily produced symbols.23. Language is a system of arbitrary ___ symbols which permit all the people in a given culture, or other people who have learned the ___ of that culture, to communicate or interact.24. The earliest grammar of any Language was ___ grammar by the Hindu scholar Panini.25. Plato proceeded first to divide the sentence into two parts: ___ and ___.26. The Greek approach to Language was taken over by the ___ and applied with little change to their Language ___.27. The first major new development in linguistics until the 13th century was ___ grammar.28. The 15th and 16th centuries were marked by the ___ of views of Language and an increased awareness of the ___ among Languages.29. In the 17th century the Port royal Grammarians stressed the ___ of thought.30. The beginning of modern linguistics was from the late 18th and early 19th century when the ___ method was developed and established.31. Chomsky’s theory of generative grammar revolutionized work in linguistics in 1957, with the publication of his book ___.32. Saussure’s exposition of ___ analysis led to the school of ___ linguistics which developed around the work of Leonard Bloomfield in America.33. A Language is responsive to the ___ forces that shape history.34. The Language of Britain was ___ when the Romans invaded the land in 55 and 54 BC.35. The Celtic Language was influenced by ___ during the roman occupation afterAD 44.36. The three Teutonic groups established in England by the successive invasions after AD450were: ___, ___ and __.37. As a result of the Norman Conquest of 1066, vast quantities of ___ words were added to the English vocabulary.38. The most memorable writing in the Middle English period was ___ by Geoffrey Chaucer.39.As Samuel Johnson’s A Dictionary of the English Language established a uniform standard for ___ and word use, so Bishop Lowth’s and other grammarians’ works standardized English ___.40. Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce a pattern of ___. These movements have an effect on the ___ coming from the lungs.41. When sounds are produced, the air-stream sent out from the lungs passes through the ___ contained in the larynx.42. If the glottis is wide open, the air passes freely through the cords, but if it is narrowed, the presence of the air causes the cords to vibrate, producing ___ sounds.43. A sound which is made with the glottis wide open is called a ___ sound.44. Consonant sounds can be either ___ or ___, while all vowel sounds are ___.45. The shape of the ___ and ___ cavities can be changed, and each change produces a different sound.46. The differences between the vowel in the word tea and the vowel in the word two is that the first is made with the lips ___ and the front of the tongue humped, and the second is made with the lips ___ and the back of the tongue humped.47. In the case of vowel sounds, the pharynx and the mouth cavities are changed by the shape and position of the ___ and the ___.48. The sounds /t/, /d/, /p/, and /b/ are made when the ___ in the mouth is suddenly opened and the air allowed to escape in a little puff or explosion.49. Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth are brought close together so that the air is pushed out between them, causing___.50. The sounds /f/ and /v /are the result of air escaping under friction between the lower ___ and upper ___.51. All English sounds except me, n, and ny are made with the soft palate ___.52. When the ___ is raised, the air cannot escape through the nose and the sounds /m/, /n/, and /n/ cannot be made。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编25
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编25(总分：72.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.There has been a maxim in 1which claims that "You are what you say". (中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：quantity）解析：解析：格莱斯的数量准则指1．使你的话语如(交谈的当前目的)所要求的那样信息充分；2．不要使你的话语比要求的信息更充分。
即说你该说的。
2.The theory of conversational implicature was proposed by 1. (中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Grice）解析：解析：格赖斯认为一定存在一些管理话语产生和理解的机制。
他把这种机制称为合作原则，在这个大原则下有四条准则，它们分别为数量、质量、关系和方式准则。
3. 1were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable. （分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Performatives）解析：解析：施为句是用来做事的，既不陈述事实，也不描述情况，且不能验证其真假。
4.In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the 1principle proposed by J. Grice.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Cooperative）解析：解析：通常在对话中，所有的参与者都被希望能够遵守由格莱斯提出的合作原则，这样就不会有会话含义的产生。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编13
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编13(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)1.Such errors as "teached" and "womans" are caused by 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：second language learners）解析：解析：（这些错误一般是第二语言习得者犯的。
)2. 1is a method of foreign or second language teaching which makes use of translation and grammar study as the main teaching and learning activities.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Grammar-translation Method）解析：解析：（语法翻译法即在外语教学中主要运用翻译和语法学习为教学活动的方法。
)3. 1 is a grammar-based language teaching method in which principles of grammatical and lexical gradation are used and new teaching points presented and practiced through situations.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Situational language teaching）解析：解析：（情景教学法基于语法的教学方法，强调在情境中呈现语法规则和词汇级别等教学点。
) 4.There are three principles of language testing: 1, 2and 3.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Validity：reliability；practicality）解析：解析：（语言测试的三个原则：效度原则、信度原则及实用性原则。
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "phoneme" in linguistics refers to:A. A single speech soundB. A combination of two speech soundsC. A set of speech sounds that can be exchanged without changing the meaning of a wordD. The pronunciation of a word in a particular dialect答案：C2. Which of the following is an example of "synchronic" analysis?A. Studying how a language has changed over timeB. Studying a language at a single point in timeC. Comparing two languages from different language familiesD. Analyzing the grammar of a dead language答案：B3. The "active voice" in English is characterized by:A. The subject of the sentence performs the actionB. The subject of the sentence receives the actionC. The use of passive constructionsD. The absence of a subject in the sentence答案：A4. Which of the following sentence structures is considered "inverse"?A. Subject-Verb-ObjectB. Object-Subject-VerbC. Verb-Object-SubjectD. Subject-Object-Verb答案：B5. The process of "creolization" results in the formation of:A. A pidginB. A dialectC. A creoleD. A standard language答案：C6. In English, the word "run" can function as:a. A nounb. A verbc. An adjectived. All of the above答案：D7. The term "register" refers to:A. The highest pitch a voice can reachB. A dialect used by a particular social groupC. The level of formality in language useD. A type of linguistic accent答案：C8. The "universal grammar" hypothesis was proposed by:A. Noam ChomskyB. B.F. SkinnerC. Ferdinand de SaussureD. Edward Sapir答案：A9. The "allophone" of the English phoneme /p/ in the word "spin" is:A. Aspirated [pʰ]B. Unaspirated [p]C. Voiced [b]D. Voiceless [p]答案：A10. The linguistic concept of "polysemy" refers to:A. The use of a single word to express multiple meaningsB. The use of multiple words to express a single meaningC. The change in meaning of a word over timeD. The complete replacement of one word by another答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The study of language in relation to the brain and the nervous system is known as __________.答案：neurolinguistics2. A(n) __________ is a word that has a meaning and stands alone, typically consisting of a single morpheme.3. The __________ of a word is the set of words that are used together with it and influence its meaning.4. In linguistics, __________ refers to the smallest unit of meaning in a language.5. The __________ is the standard form of a verb that is typically used when conjugating the verb in the present tense.6. A(n) __________ is a word that is formed from a root word and one or more affixes.7. The __________ is the study of the historical developmentof languages.8. The __________ is the systematic study of the structureand function of words.9. The __________ is the study of the way in which languages change over time due to contact with other languages.10. The __________ is the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of a language and how they function in a system ofcommunication.三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 描述语音学中的“最小对立对”概念，并给出一个英语例子。
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Chapter one1.Linguistics is generally defined as the .2.The study of language as a whole is often called .3.The study of_ used in linguistic communication led to theestablishment of phonetics.4.The study of is known as semantics.5.Psycholinguistics relates the study of language to .6. The study of is generally known as applied linguistics.7. If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, it is said to be .8. The description of a language at some point of time in is a synchronic study the description of a language as it through time isa diachronic.9. From the point of view of linguistic evolution, speech is to writing.10. _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the member of a speech community, and refers to the realization of langue in actual use.11. Linguistic is descriptive while traditional grammer is .12. Modern linguistic regards the language as primary, not the written.13. Many of the rules of traditional grammer apply only to thelanguage.14. When the study of meaning is ,not in isdation ,but in the context of language use, it becomes another branch of linguistic study called pragmatics.15. Prescriptive and descriptive represent two different of linguistic study.答案：1.scientific study of language2.general linguistics3.sounds4.meaning5.psychology6.applications7.descriptive8.history; changes9.priorngue; parole11.prescriptive12.spoken13.written14.conducted15.typesChapter Two1. Phonetics is defined as the study of the of language; if is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s language.2. The three branches of phonetics are_ , auditory phonetics and acousfic phonetics respectively.3. English consonants can be classified in two ways: one is in terms of _ and the other is in terms of _ .4. Both phonology and phonetics are concerned with the same aspect of language-_______.5. The different throes which can represent a phoneme in different phonetics envronments are called the _ of that phoneme.6. The assimulation rules assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a_______; thus making the two phones similate.7. The assimulation rule also accounts for the _______ of the alvedar nasal in some sound combinations.8. The deletion rule tells us when a sound is to be deleted although it is______.9. Language is first ______through its sounds.10. The letter [P] in terms of place of articulation______ in terms of manner of articulation is _______.11. _______, not phonetic identity is the ctciterion with which we operate the phonological analysis of language .12. The greatest source of modification of the air stream is founding the _______.13. Corresponding to the distinction of long and short vowels is the distinction of _____and______ vowels .14. A phoneme is further analyzable because it consists of a set of______.15. Similar alteration of stress also occurs between a ______and a phrase consisting of the same elements.答案:1.phonic mediumbeled articulation phonetics3.manner of articulation; place of articulation4.the speech sounds5.allo phones6.sequential phoneme7.varying pronunciation8.orthographically represented9.perceived10.bilabial; stops11.phonetic similarity12.oral cavity13.tense; lox14.simultaneous distinctive featurespound nounChapter Three1.Linguists define the word as the smallest ______found in language.2.Morpheme is the_______________ that carries information aboutmeaning or function.3.The root consistutes the _____ of the word and carries the majorcomponents of its meaning .4.Morpheme are usually ______: there is no nature connection betweentheir sound and meaning.5.When _______ are conjoined to other morpheme （or words）, a newwords are derived , or formed.6.Derivation is an _______ that form a word with meaning and categorydistinct from that of its bases.7.Unlike phonemes and syllables which are the elements of sound ,words_______.8.______ are the foundation building blocks of a language .9.Linguists use the term morphology to refer to the part of the grammerthat is concerned with ______ and ________.10.T he content words of language , such as ____,_____,_____and adverbs,are sometimes called open class words.11.Affixes______ belong to a lexical category and are always boundmorpheme.12.Bound morphemes which are for the most part purely grammaticalmakers and signify such concepts as tense, number, case are called_________.13._______, ________ and free morphemes combine are the major ways toproduce new words.14.The ways word are formed are called _______.15.When two words are in the same _______, the compound will be inthis category.答案：1.free form2.smallest unit of language3.core4.arbitrary5.derivational morphemes6.affixational process7.carry meaning8.words9.word formation; word structure10.nouns; verbs; adjectives11.do not12.inflectional morphemes13.derivation; compounds14.morphological rules15.grammatical categoryChapter four1.To determine a word's category，three criteria are usually employed: , , .2. The XP rule is .3.Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies the rules that .4.The S rule is5.The first, formed by the in accordance with the subcategorization properties, is called deep structure.6.questions begin with a wh- word are called .7.Corresponding to the final syntactic form of sentence which results from appropriate transformations , is called .8.If the head is a verb, then the specifier is .9.Word level categories are divided into two kinds: and .10.Syntactic units that are built around a certain word category are called .11. The structures which formed by joining two or more elements of the some type with the help of a conjunction are .12.The information about is included in the head and termed subcategorization.13.The element which specifies optionally expressible properties of hand is .14.A special type of rule that can move an element from one position to another is .15.The construction in which the complement phrases is embedded is called .答案1.meaning，inflection, distribution2.XP→(specifier)X(complement)ern the formation of sentences4.S→NP VP5.XP rule , head’s6.questions7.suffice structure8.qualifier9.major lexical categories , minor lexical categories10.phrases11.coordinate structures12.a word’s complement13.modifiers14.transformation15.matrix clauseChapter five1.According to the naming theory , words are just or labeis for things .2.3.Two kinds of context are recognized :the situational context andthe .4.In the English vocabulary there are two category of words:and .5.Synonyms can be divided into the ,stylistic synonyms, and collocational synonyms.6.When two words are identical in ,they are .When two words are identical in ,they are homographs.7.swperordinate is more general in meaning, but hyponyms ismore .8.three kinds of antonymy are recognized：Gradable antonymys, ,and .9.There are four certain relations between sentences,theyare: , , and preswpposes.10.There are two aspects to sentence meaning: grammatical meaning and meaning .11.In terms of truth condition, if X is true, Y is true ,if X is false,Y may be true or false, we called the relation is12.A polysemic word is the result of the evolution of the meaning of the word. The various meaning of the word are to some degree. Complete homonyms are often brought into being by . 13. Reference deals with the relationship between the element and word of experience.14. held the view that “we shall know a word by the company it keeps15.semantics canbe simply defined as the study of .答案：s2.referent3.linguistic context4.native words, borrowed words5.Dialectal synonyms ,emotive synonyms6.homophones, spelling7.specificplementary antonyms, relational opposites9.synonymous , inconsistence , entails10.semantic11.entails12.primary , related , coincidence13.linguistic ,non-linguistic14.J.R.Firth15.meaning。