英美文学选读新古典主义文学

合集下载

自考英美文学选读-(中英文对照)

自考英美文学选读-(中英文对照)

Part one: English LiteratureChapter1 The Renaissance period(14世纪至十七世纪中叶)文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。

2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心,人是万物之灵。

3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据,来赞美人性,并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命,人可以不断发展完善自己,而且世界是属于他们的,供他们怀疑,探索以及享受。

4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔,克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。

自考英美文学选读 教材翻译

自考英美文学选读 教材翻译

自考《英美文学选读》教材的中文翻译第一部分:英国文学上古及中世纪英国文学简介自从有人类历史记载以来,英伦三岛遭遇过三次外族入侵。

岛上最早的居民是凯尔特人,此后古罗马人、盎格鲁一萨克森人及法国诺曼底公爵纷至沓来,在英伦三岛各领风骚若干年。

古罗马人的入侵没有在这片土地上留下深远的影响,而后两者则不同了。

盎格鲁一萨克森人将日尔曼族语言及文化根植在岛上,而诺曼底人则带来了地中海文明的清新浪潮,所谓地中海文明包括希腊文化,罗马的法律,以及基督教。

正是这两次外族入侵所附带的文化影响为日后英国文学的兴起与发展提供了富足的源泉。

英国文学史的上古时期起于大约公元450年,止于1066年,即诺曼征服的那一年。

这一时期定盎格鲁一萨克森文明兴盛的时期。

这些日尔曼族部落来自北欧,带来了盎格鲁一萨克森语言,也就是现代英语的原形基础,除此之外,还带来了特别的诗歌传统。

他们的诗歌神韵中集合了粗狂豪勇的气度及悲情哀挽的风格。

总体来讲,流传至今的英国上古诗歌可分为两大类:宗教诗和世俗诗。

宗教诗的主题大多以《圣经》为基础。

比如《创世纪甲本》与《创世纪乙本》以及《出埃及记》都源于《圣经》的《旧约全书》;而《十字架之梦》则以《新约全书》为典故。

在《十字架之梦》这首诗中,耶稣基督被刻画成一位青年战士,勇往直前,拥抱死亡与胜利,而那善良的十字架自身则承受起基督所有的苦难与重负。

除了这些宗教诗歌,上古的英格兰诗人还创作了伟大的民族史诗《贝尔武夫》以及其它众多的短篇抒情诗。

这些世俗诗歌中虽然没有基督教教义,但它们唤起了盎格鲁一萨克森人对环境的严酷及人类命运的不幸的感知。

其中《流浪者,狄奥尔》、《航海者》和《妻子的抱怨》是当时世俗诗中的佼佼者。

诗文中的语气和基调深受北海恶劣气候的影响,生活惨淡无望,诗人的口气中带出大量宿命论的成份,尽管同时也显得勇敢而坚定。

《贝尔武夫》,英国上古诗歌的典型,在今天被誉为盎格鲁一萨克森的民族史诗。

尽管如此,诗中主人公及背景都与英国无关,这首叙事诗讲述的故事发生在北欧斯堪狄那维亚半岛。

自考-《英美文学选读》作家和作品

自考-《英美文学选读》作家和作品

A Tale of a Tub 桶的故事
The Battle of the books 书籍的战争
The Drapier’s Letter 德拉皮尔的信
Gulliver’s Travels 格列佛游记
A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议
5. Henry Fielding
The great poems: Paradise Lost (1665)
Paradise Regained (1666)
Samson Agonistes (1671) 力士参孙
The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义 8个
1. John bunyan:
Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的结合
The Book of Urizen 尤来森之书
The Book of Los 洛斯之书
The four Zoas四个左义斯
Milon弥尔顿
Tiger
2. Willian Wordsworth(Lake Poets)
The Victorian Period 6
1. Charles Dickens
Sketches by Boz 勃兹速写
Life in Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿
Nicholas Nickleby 尼克拉丝尼克尔比
The Pickwick Paper 皮克威克外传
The History of Amelia阿米利亚
6.Samuel Johnson
Poems: London , The Vanity of human Wishes人类欲望的虚幻

新大纲自考《英美文学选读》笔记总结-背完必过

新大纲自考《英美文学选读》笔记总结-背完必过

新大纲自考《英美文学选读》笔记总结-背完必过(总65页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--《英美文学选读》笔记背完必过Part One: English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English LiteratureI Understanding and application: (理解应用)1. England’s inhabitants are Celts. And it is conquered by Romans, Anglo Saxons and Normans. The Anglo-Saxons brought the Germanic language and culture to England, while Normans brought the Mediterranean civilization, including Greek culture, Rome law and the Christian religion. It is the cultural influence of these two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literature.2. The old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066, the year of the Norman conquest of England.3. The old English poetry that has survived can be divided into two groups: The religious group and the secular one4. Beowulf: a typical example of Old English poetry is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. It is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.5. After the Norman’s conquest, three languages co-existed in England. French is the official language that is used by king and the Norman lords. Latin is the principal tongue of church affairs and in universities. Old English was spoken only by the common English people.6. In the second half of 14th century, English literature started to flourish with the appearance of writers like Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Gower, and othersII Recite: (识记再现)1. Romance:①It uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period.②It has developed the characteristic medieval motifs of the quest, the test, the meeting with the evil giant and the encounter with the beautiful beloved.③The hero is usually the knight, who sets out on a journey to accomplish some missions. There are often mysteries and fantasies in romance.④Romantic love is an important part of the plot in romance.Characterization is standardized, While the structure is loose and episodic, the language is simple and straightforward.⑤The importance of the romance itself can be seen as a means of showing medieval aristocratic men and women in relation to their idealized view of the world.2. Heroic couplet:Heroic couplet is a rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. It is Chaucer who used it for the first time in English in his work The Legend of Good Woman.3. The theme of Beowulf:The poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader. The poem is an example of the mingling of the nature myths and heroic legends.4. The Wife of Bath in The Canterbury Tales:The Wife of Bath is depicted as the new bourgeois wife asserting her independence. Chaucer develops his characterization to a higher artistic level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions.5. Chaucer’s achievement:①He presented a comprehensive realistic picture of his age and created a whole gallery of vivid characters in his works, especially in The Canterbury Tales.②He anticipated a new ear, the Renaissance, to come under the influence of the Italian writers.③He developed his characterization to a higher level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions.④He greatly contributed to the maturing of English poetry. Today, Chaucer’s reputation has beensecurely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and humanity.6. “The F ather of English poetry”:Originally, Old English poems are mainly alliterative verses with few variations.①Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace it.②In The Romaunt of the Rose (玫瑰传奇), he first introduced to the English the octosyllabic couplet (八音节对偶句).③In The Legend of Good Women, he used for the first time in English heroic couplet.④And in his masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales, he employed heroic couplet with true ease and charmfor the first time in the history of English literature.⑤His art made him one of the greatest poets in English; John Dryden called him “the father of Englishpoetry”.【例题】The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ______________. (0704)A. William Langland’s Piers PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC. John Gower’s Confession AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight【答案】B【解析】本题考查的是中世纪时期几位诗人作品的创作主题和创作范围。

英美文学选读英国部分第二章新古典主义时期

英美文学选读英国部分第二章新古典主义时期

英美文学选读中文翻译及重点习题答案英国文学(AMERICAN LITERATURE) 第二章新古典主义时期(The Neoclassical Period)一、背景知识(Background knowledge)1、历史背景(Historical background)新古典主义时期的英国社会矛盾交织。

王室与议会、不同的教派之间、统治阶级与贫苦的劳动大众之间冲突不断,托利党与辉格党也为对议会和政府的控制而争斗不已。

概言之,那是一个充满了多种矛盾和多种价值观的时代。

18世纪的英国发展迅速,到世纪中叶,英国已成为世界上的头号资本主义强国。

随着经济的迅速发展,中产阶级也随之壮大了起来。

2、文化背景(Cultural background)(1)随着资本主义的发展,中产阶级的社会价值观和道德观占据了主宰地位。

中产阶级崇尚自制、自立和勤劳。

对他们而言,生活的意义就在于工作、节俭和积累财富。

(2)这一时期,启蒙运动在英国全面展开。

该运动的目的是用现代哲学和艺术观启迪社会。

启蒙主义者们宣扬理性、平等与科学,宣称理性是人类的一切思想和行动唯一的、终极的目标。

(3)启蒙者们相信当理性作为衡量一切人类行为和关系的标尺之时,一切迷信、压迫和不公正将让位于“终极真理”、“终极正义”和“终极平等”(4)启蒙者们鼓吹全民教育。

他们认为,大众受到教育才更有可能建成民主社会。

3、新古典主义文学的特征(Features of the neo-classic literature)(1)新古典主义文学奉古希腊、罗马的经典作品和当代法国作品为创作之圭臬。

(2)新古典主义作家自觉地追求均衡、统一与和谐表达的优雅,从而形成了雍容、雅致、诙谐、睿智的文风。

(3)这一时期的文学说教意味浓厚,成为流行一时的大众教育的手段。

(4)各种文学体裁均遵循某些固定的条律和规则。

(5)包括当时流行的模拟史诗、传奇、讽刺诗、讽刺短诗在内的各体诗歌结构工整,遣词雅致、语气庄严、注重说教。

自考英美文学选读_第二章_新古典主义时期(英国)(课文翻译)

自考英美文学选读_第二章_新古典主义时期(英国)(课文翻译)

英美文学选读翻译(英语专业自考)第一部分:英国文学第二章新古典主义时期这里我们所称的新古典主义时期是指介于1660年英国斯图亚特王朝复辟与以华滋华斯和科勒律治1798年合作出版的《抒情歌谣集》为创始标志的浪漫主义时期之间的英国文学时代。

英国社会在新古典主义时期充满了动荡与变革,其中1660年英皇查理二世复辟,1665年一场瘟疫,仅在伦敦就夺去了七万人的生命,而伦敦一场火灾摧毁了大片城区,三分之二的市民无家可归,1689年英国发生了"光荣革命",清教徒玛丽公主与她荷兰裔的丈夫奥兰治公爵威廉取代了英皇詹姆士二世登上王位,从此确立了君主立宪制正体。

在这一时期,议会与专制君主不断斗争,而当时凌驾于议会与政府之上的两大党派,托利党与辉格党之间的矛盾也层出不穷,此外不同的宗教教派,辟如罗马天主教廷与英国国教及不信奉国教者,还有统治阶级与劳动人民之间,也都存在着尖锐的冲突。

总之,这一时期是矛盾与价值观分歧的时期。

而18世纪,英国的国力又得到长足发展。

在海外,英国殖民地扩展到北美、印度和西印度群岛,由此产生的不断增长的殖民地财富与贸易为英国开辟了广阔市场,原先那种小规模的家庭手工业生产方式便远远不够了。

市场不仅需要英国产品,更需要英国标准化的产品。

在国内,"圈地运动"使大片土地都集中到越来越少的大地主手中,成千上万的小农场主与雇农都被赶出家园,成为城市里的雇佣工人。

英国工业革命因此得到了雄厚的基础一一本国劳动力从家庭中解放出来,以及从殖民地掠夺来的资本积累。

到18世纪中期,英国已成为世界上第一个最强大的资本主义国家,号称"世界工厂",它的产品涌入全球各地的市场。

随着经济迅速发展,英国资产阶段或曰中产阶级也发展壮大了,成为革命的主力军,多由城市人口组成,比如商人、产业主及贩奴者、殖民者等其它人员。

工业革命的方兴未艾使越来越多的人口加人这一行列。

这个阶级在当时是进步的,是区别于封建贵族的新生力量。

02英美文学-新古典主义时期

02英美文学-新古典主义时期

The Neoclassical Period The Neoclassical Period Between the return of the Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the full assertion of Romanticism which came with the publication of lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798 恪守希腊罗马时期的古典美学原则形式上强调体裁的既定形式,主题上强调文学的道德说教性与文艺复兴的最大区别:后者更注重古典文艺中的人文主义精神 John Dryden (1631―1700)约翰??德莱顿 John Dryden 1. An English poet, dramatist, and critic. 2. He first came to notice: Heroic Stanzas, which memorized the death of Oliver Cromwell. 3.He later sang for the Royalists and became an Anglican(英国圣公会教徒)being a Cavalier poet. 4. He became a poet laureate(桂冠诗人). John Dryden’s Works Changeable, a time-server(随波逐流的人): 1. an elegy on Cromwell’s death: “Herioick Stanza””英雄诗辩” 2. An Ode on Charles II: “Astraea Redux””伸张正义” 3.a didactic poem when James II in reign “The Hind and the Panther”“牝鹿与豹” John Dryden’s Works: 3. tragedy and blank-verse masterpiece: “All for Love”“一切为了爱情” 4. critical works: “Essay of Dramatic Poesy”“论戏剧诗”约翰??德莱顿 5. political satires: 1) “Absolom and Achitophel”“押沙龙与阿托奈拖菲尔” Its subject is politics and written in heroic couplet. 6. a comedy Marriage a la Mode 《时尚婚姻》《现代婚姻》 Comments 1. Dryden made his prose precise, concise and flexible, and raised English literary criticism to a new level. 2. Following the standards of classicism, he established the heroic couplet. John Dryden was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 18th century. John Bunyan约翰??班扬 John Bunyan(1628―1688) John Bunyan: a Puritan poet His Works: 1. Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner (written in prison) 《罪人受恩记》《功德无量》 2. Pilgrim’s Progress (masterpiece) 《天路历程》 John Bunyan: a Puritan poet 3. The Life and Death of Mr. Badman 《恶人先生的生平和死亡》《贝德曼先生的一生》 4.The Holy War 《神圣战争》 Analysis: The Pi lgrim’s Progress Analysis: The Pilgrim’s Progress 1. The Pilgrim’s Progress is a religious allegory. 2. Though an allegory, its characters impress the reader like real persons. In reality, the Celestial City in The Pilgrim’s Progress is the vision of an ideal happy society dreamed by a poor tinker in the 17th century, through a veil of religious mist(迷雾)Analysis: The Pilgrim’s Progress Analysis: The Pilgrim’s Progress 3. “Vanity Fair” is a remarkable passage. It is an epitome of the English society after the Restoration. Everything can be sold or bought in this fair and the persecution of Christian and Faithful is described. Analysis: The Pilgrim’s Progress 4. Bunyan cherished a deep hatred of both the king and his government. 5. Bunyan’s prose is admirable. It is popular speech ennobled by the solemn dignity and simplicity of the language of the English Bible. John Bunyan 6.Symbolism is another feature in The Pilgrim’s Progress. Bunyan’s language: 1.Bunyan’s language is chiefly plain and colloquial and quite modern in comparison with that of the writers of the Renaissance. 2. His language is clear, vivid, natural, homely (朴实的), fluent, musical and powerful. Bunyan’s language: 3.He paved the way not only in language style but also in writing technique of novels, for the novelists of the 18th century as Swift and Defoe. Alexander Pope亚历山大??薄伯(1688―1744) Alexander Pope 亚历山大??薄伯 Alexander Pope 亚历山大??薄伯1) Pope is a classical poet in the period of English Enlightenment. (At the age of 12, he contracted得病tuberculosis结核 of the spine脊骨 that left him dwarfed变矮小, twisted and hunchbacked驼背.) 2) Pope’s Works: (1) Pastorals《田园组诗》 (2) Essay on Criticism《论批评》a didactic poem in heroic couplets (3) The Rape of the Lock《夺发记》, the masterpiece, which is worth reading for its description and satire of the dull court life of England of that time. Pope’s Works: (4) Translations, in heroic couplet The Iliad of Homer 《荷马的伊里亚特》 The Odyssey of Homer 《河马的奥德赛》(5)The Works of Shakespeare 《莎士比亚全集》 Pope’s Works:(6) “The Dunciad”“愚人志”, a satirical poem. (7) “Moral Essays”“道德论”, a philosophic poem. (8) “An Essay on Men”“人论”, a philosophic poem. Workmanship 1. Pope was an outstanding enlightener and the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the 18th century. 2.He became so perfect in using heroic couplet. 3. He was a diligent reader. Workmanship 4. His style depends upon his patience in elaborating his art. 5. He was at his best in satire and epigram (警句). Limitation 1. He lacked the lyrical gift.2. He sometimes becomes artificial and obscure (difficult to understand).3. His satire was not always just, often caused by personal grudge (resent). Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift ( 1667-1745) Irish satirist best knownfor Gulliver's Travels. Jonathan Swift For the most part, other than “A Modest Proposal” and Gulliver’s Travels, Swift is out of critical vogue now. There’s not a lot of work being done on him (relatively speaking). But if Swift only wrote these two pieces, he’d be considered a genius today. Gulliver's Travels (1726) Gulliver's Travels was Jonathan's first big dive into prose. Defoe's novel about Robinson Crusoe had appeared in 1719 and in the same vein Swift makes Lemuel Gulliver, a surgeon and a sea captain。

《英美文学选读》课程教学大纲

《英美文学选读》课程教学大纲

《英美文学选读》课程教学大纲课程编号:100187英文名:Selected Readings in British and American Literature课程类别:专业主干课前置课: 英美文学导论学分:3学分课时:54课时主讲教师:冯建文选定教材:王守仁,《英国文学选读》,高等教育出版社,2001年。

陶洁,《美国文学选读》,高等教育出版社,2001年。

课程概述:《英美文学选读》课程的教学内容是根据本课程的性质、学习目的以及英语专业高年级教学的特点确定的。

本课程主要内容包括英国和美国文学史上代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。

结合英国和美国文学各个历史断代的主要历史背景,文学文化思潮和流派,社会政治、经济、文化等对英国和美国文学史上最具有影响、最具有代表性的作家的作品中的艺术特色、主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格和思想意义等进行深入地分析。

教学目的:《英美文学选读》是英语语言文学专业本科四年级学生的选修课程,是为培养理解和鉴赏英国和美国文学原著的能力而设置的一门专业理论课程。

设置本课程旨在使学生在掌握英国和美国文学源流和发展的基础之上,通过阅读具有代表性的英国和美国文学作品,理解作品的内容,学会分析作品的艺术特色并努力掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法,增强对作品中表现的社会生活和人物感情的理解,提高语言基本功和阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平。

教学方法:课堂讲授和研讨相结合,教师布置学生课前对作家生平和历史背景进行研究,并向学生提供参考书目和相关网站;课堂上进行重点阅读和分析;组织课堂讨论,鼓励新视角和新思维;并通过影视、多媒体等手段辅助教学,在期中和期末布置学期论文和考查来检验教学效果。

各章教学要求及教学要点(加星号*为重点内容)英国文学部分第一章:Early And Medieval English Literature教学要求:细读英国伟大诗人乔叟的代表作品《坎特伯雷故事集》的节选,分析其主要语言和叙事特色,解读作品中反映出的中世纪的宗教、政治、经济和市民生活等诸多方面的问题。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

现代小说
4) the Realistic Novel • The mid-century was, however, predominated by a newly rising literary form, the modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people. This-the most significant phenomenon in the history of the development of English literature in the eighteenth century is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution & a symbol of the growing importance & strength of the English of the growing importance & strength of the English middle class, Among the pioneers were Daniel Defoe , Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Tobias Creorge Smollott, & Oliver Goldsmith. • 十八世纨中叶,还兴起一种崭新的文学形式一—英国现代小说,这种文 学与传统贵族的骑士文学相反,着重描写英国普通百姓的生活。这个文学史 上巨大的变化是工业革命及英国中产阶级不断収展的结果。英国现代小说的 先驱有丹尼尔·笛福,塞缪尔·理查森,亨利·费尔丁,劳伦斯·斯泰思,托比亚 斯·斯摩莱特以及奥立佛·哥尔斯密……
英国新古典主义时期
• 是指介于1660年英国斯图亚特王朝复辟与以华滋华斯和科 勒律治1798年合作出版的《抒情歌谣集》为创始标志的浪 漫主义时期之间的英国文学时代。
• 新古典主义时期,或从王朝复辟到十八世纪下半叶,英国 诗歌的古典风格得以兴盛,并在德莱顿、蒲泊及词典编纂 家塞缪尔·约翰逊的时代达到巅峰。 • 诗歌的灵性、形式及艺术风格得到重视。 • 嘲弄式英雄史诗、骑士抒情诗、讽喻诗及讽刺短诗是当时 流行的形式。除了形式与措辞上的优雅,新古典主义诗歌 还富有严肃及真诚的语调和不断的说教。
• 他们主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘由。他们相信一旦理性成 为衡量人类行为与关系的尺度,所有的迷信、不公与压迫便都会让位 给“永久的真理”、“永久的公正”及“天赋的平等”。为此,他们 大力提倡秩序、理性及法律。 • 启蒙主义者们还倡导全民普及教育。他们认为人有着局限性、两面性 及不完美性,但人也有能力通过教育来使自己臻于理智,臻于完美, 如果人民群众得到良好的教育,建立民主平等的人类社会则大有希望 。

的晨光启迪整个世界。启蒙主义者赞颂理性、平等与科学。
They called for a reference to order, reason & rules & advocated universal education. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryde, Alexander pope & so on.
哥特式小说
• 从十八世纨中叶至十八世纨末,还出现了古典文学传统向独创性与丰 富联想性的转移,社会描写向个性描写的转移,说教向忏悔、鼓励及 预示的转移。其中哥特式小说一一主要讲述了恐怖神秘的故事,背景 多为阴森的中世纨教堂一一受到许多男女作家的青睐,比如脍炙人口 的有霍拉斯·沃尔浦尔的《奥特朗托堡》〈1765)、安妮拉德克利夫 人的《尤道夫之谜》、《意大利人》、克拉拉·里弗的《美德冝军,一 个歌特式的故事》(1777)、以及M·G ·刘易斯的《僧侣》。同时流 行的还有詹姆斯·汤姆森,威廉·考林斯和威廉·柯柏等自然诗人以及感 伤诗人或曰“墓地诗人”们创作的颂扬或哀悼的抒情诗。此外还有苏 格兰农民诗人罗伯特·彭斯与威康·布莱克创作的浪漫主义诗歌,这些 作品为十九世纨初浪漫主义文学的兴盛开辟了道路。
The Neo-classical Period (1660-1785)
知识点
1. 识记: (1)新古典主义时期的界定 (2)政治经济背景 (3)启蒙运动的意义与影响 2. 领会: (1)启蒙运动的主张与文学的特点 (2)新古典主义时期文学的艺术特点 3. 应用:启蒙运动,新古典主义,英雄双行诗,英国现实主 义小说等名词的解释
专业术语解释
3) The heroic couplet (英雄诗句) • It means a pair of lines of a type once common in English poetry, which rhyme & are written with five beats each……
• This belief led them to seek proportion, unity, harmony & grace in literary expressions, in an effort to delight, instruct & correct human beings, primarily as social animals. Thus a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art developed. • 由此一种温文尔雅,充满灵性的知识分子文学艺术収展起来
社会背景
• 英国社会在新古典主义时期充满了动荡与变革。其中1660年英皇查理 二世复辟,1665年一场瘟疫,仅在伦敦就夺去了七万人的生命,而伦 敦一场火灾摧毁了大片城区,三分之二的市民无家可归,1689年英国 发生了“光荣革命”,清教徒玛丽公主与她荷兰裔的丈夫奥兰治公爵 威廉取代了英皇詹姆士二世登上王位,从此确立了君主立宪制正体。 在这一时期,议会与专制君主不断斗争,而当时凌驾于议会与政府之 上的两大党派,托利党与辉格党之间的矛盾也层出不穷,此外不同的 宗教教派,辟如罗马天主教廷与英国国教及不信奉国教者,还有统治 阶级与劳动人民之间,也都存在着尖锐的冲突。总之,这一时期是矛 盾与价值观分歧的时期。
• The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France & swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement wissance of the 15th & 16th centuries. 启蒙运动 是进步的知识分子运动,兴盛于法国,后席卷整个欧洲。 这次是15、16世纪文艺复兴的延续与发展。
专业术语解释
• • 1) The Enlightenment Movement The 18th-century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. 英国的十八 世纪也同时是启蒙主义时代,或者理性时代。
专业术语解释
• They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. • 他们认为理想的艺术应基于秩序,逻辑,确切及情感控制 的基础上,而文学作品的价值评判标准应该看它是否为人 文主义服务。
Neoclassicism——新古典主义
• 2) Neoclassicism • In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. 在文学领域,启蒙主义运动还使人们重新对古典时代的著作 产生兴趣。 • This tendency is known as neoclassicism. According to the neoclassicists, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek & Roman writers (Homer, Virgil, & so on)& those of the contemporary French ones. •
社会背景
• 而18世纪,英国的国力又得到长足发展。在海外,英国殖民地扩展到 北美、印度和西印度群岛,由此产生的不断增长的殖民地财富与贸易 为英国开辟了广阔市场,原先那种小规模的家庭手工业生产方式便远 远不够了。市场不仅需要英国产品,更需要英国标准化的产品。在国 内,“圈地运动”使大片土地都集中到越来越少的大地主手中,成千 上万的小农场主与雇农都被赶出家园,成为城市里的雇佣工人。英国 工业革命因此得到了雄厚的基础一一本国劳动力从家庭中解放出来, 以及从殖民地掠夺来的资本积累。 • 到18世纪中期,英国已成为世界上第一个最强大的资本主义国家,号 称“世界工厂”,它的产品涌入全球各地的市场。
新古典主义诗歌形式
• • • • • • Neoclassicists had some fixed laws &rules for almost every genre of literature。在几乎所有的文学形式中,新古典主义者们都设定了创作的规矩 与条框: prose should be precise, direct, smooth & flexible. 散文必须简洁、直白、通顺、有灵活性; Poetry should be lyrical, epical, didactic, satiric or dramatic, & each class should be guided by its own principles. 诗歌必须抒情、壮美、有教义、讽喻、富于戏剧性,每一种诗体都有自己的 一套创作原则; Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space & action should be strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to & type characters rather than individuals should be represented.戏剧则必须用 英雄体偶句(抑扬格五音步的押韵双行诗)写就;时间、地点、事件三要素 必须要遵循;写作的规矩必须要遵守,而作品中的人物要代表一类人,而不 是个性化。
相关文档
最新文档