现在分词作逻辑主语详解

现在分词作逻辑主语详解
现在分词作逻辑主语详解

现在分词的逻辑主语详解

一、现在分词的逻辑主语的概念

现在分词属于非谓语动词,不能单独用作谓语,所以从语法角度看,它没有真正意义上的主语。但是,现在分词也是一种动词,它所表示的动作自然有其相应的执行者——这个动作的执行者既可能是句子的主语或宾语等,也可能是加在现在分词前的特定的人或物。这个具体表明动作执行者的主语,就叫现在分词的逻辑主语。如:

He found a tree lying across the road. 他发现一棵树横倒在马路上。

I could feel the sweat trickling down my back. 我能感觉到汗珠从我的后背淌下来。

She heard him clattering around downstairs. 她听到他在楼下喀哒喀哒地走来走去。

上面两句中的 a tree, the sweat, him 分别是现在分词lyin g…, tricking…, clattering…的逻辑主语。

二、关于现在分词作宾语补足语时的逻辑主语问题

现在分词用作宾语补足语时的基本结构是“动词+宾语+现在分词(用作宾语补足语)”,很显然,该结构中现在分词的逻辑主语就是它前面的“宾语”。如:

We listened to the band playing in the park. 我们听着乐队在公园里演奏。

We got him talking about his war experience. 我们让他谈起了他战时的经历。

The police observed the man entering the bank. 警方监视着那男子进入银行的情况。

Eyewitnesses saw two men running away from the ban k. 目击者看见两名男子从银行逃走了。

She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising. 她闻到有东西着了,还看见烟在冒。

At this moment she noticed Hallorsen coming in. 这时她看见海洛森走了进来。

Don’t leave your money lying in the bank; spend i t. 别把你的钱存在银行里,花掉他。

I stood at the foot of the collapsed tower and watched the rescue workers sifting through the debris. 我站在倒塌的高塔脚下,看着救援人员在瓦砾堆中搜寻。

三、关于现在分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题

根据英语语法,现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。如:

Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving up. 她转过身,看见一辆救护车开了过来。(相当于When she turned ar ound…)

Putting down my newspaper, I walked over to the win dow. (=After I had put down my newspaper, ...) 我放下报纸,走到窗前。

He felt nervous standing up in front of the large audie nce. 站在大批观众面前他感到紧张。

Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan. 他们因没有亲生儿女,所以决定领养一个孤儿。

The teacher, not having heard the chimes, kept on tea ching. 老师没听到下课铃声,仍继续上课。

注意,如果分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致,就可能造成错误。如:

发现她的钱包被偷了,她急忙找来警察帮忙。

误:Finding her wallet stolen, a policeman was asked t o help.

正:Finding her wallet stolen, she hurried to a policem an for help.

句中的现在分词短语finding her wallet stolen的意思是“发现钱包被盗”,是谁发现车被盗了呢?是谁去找警察帮忙呢?当然是“她”,所以句子的主语应用she,而不是用a policema n。

四、现在分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的情形

原则上说,当现在分词用作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致,但事实上也有少数例外的情况,它们的逻辑主语虽然与句子主语不一致,但它们却是合乎英语习惯的。这类特殊情况主要有以下几类:

(1) 表示观点的惯用表达:某些表示说话人态度的一些惯用分词表达,它们在用作状语时其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。如:

Generally speaking, men can run faster than women. 一般说来,男人比女人跑得快一些。

Broadly speaking, dogs are more faithful than cats. 泛泛地说,狗比猫要更为忠实。

Strictly speaking, you ought to sign the visitors’ boo k first. 严格讲,你应先在访客簿上签名。

Taking everything into consideration, they ought to ge t another chance. 考虑到各种因素,他们应该获得另一次机会。

以上各句句首的分词短语的逻辑主语均与句子主语不一致,严格说来,它们的逻辑主语到底是谁都不是很明确,这类结构只是用于引出说话人希望表达的的一种观点或态度。

(2) 含有先行主语it或there时:当句子含有先行主语it或th ere时,有时用作状语的分词短语可以与先行主语不一致。如:Being French, it’s surprising that she’s such a terribl e cook. 她是法国人,但她做饭做得那么糟令人感到惊奇。

Standing there in the house, it seemed that he had nev er been away. 他站在屋子那儿,好像从未离开过。

第一句中的分词短语being French的逻辑主语应是“她”,但由于句子主语是it,所以这是合乎习惯的。第二句的分词短语St anding there in the house的逻辑主语应该是“他”,但由于句子主语是there,所以这句话是可以接受的。

(3) 已转化成其他词类时:当分词转化为介词或连词,本身不再被视为分词时,我们就无需考虑主语的一致性了。如:

Supposing there was a war, what would you do? 假如发生战争,你怎么办?

Supposing she doesn’t come, what shall we do? 假设她不来,我们该怎么办?

句中的supposing在此已不是分词,而是用作连词,相当于i f。

(4) 当逻辑主语为表示泛指意义的one或you时:当分词暗含的逻辑主语为表示泛指意义的one或you时,也无需考虑主语的一致性问题。如:

Granting these differences, the service was a servic e. 我们姑且承认这些区别,但礼拜还是礼拜。

The shaver can be charged up and used when travelin g. 这咱剃须刀可以充电供旅行中使用。

现在分词讲解及训练

现在分词 Form: ?doing ?having done(先后关系) 现在分词表示主动含义或动作正在进行。 Exercise: 划出句中的现在分词,并指出它在句中做何成分。 1. The three contestants were sitting at their desks on the stage, waiting. 2. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 3. Having finished his homework, he went out. 4. People living in the cities used to regard farming as boring and backward. 5. The changes in Sunqiao is very amazing. 现在分词做定语: Exercise: Combine each pair of sentences 1. The men are required to come to the headmaster’s office. They had some overseas working experience. 2. The people take part in a variety of exercise They can keep healthy. 3. The research at Sunqiao produces seeds. The seeds help farmers grow better crops. 4. People used to regard farming as boring and backward. These people live in cities. 5.Do you know the boy? He is standing under the tree. 6. The spiders store the mice for later. The mice serve as a source of food. Exercise: compare The swimming pool is clean and big. The swimming boy is his brother. The big writing desk is very expensive. The writing student is Tom’s classmate. 现在分词作状语:时间,条件,伴随方式,原因,结果 Exercise: rewrite the sentences 1. Kitty heard the news. She jumped with joy. 2. Tom put on his swim-suit. He dived into the swimming pool. 3. While she was cooking, she burned her right hand. 4. After he had finished his homework, he went out to play football. 以上改写后的三个句子中的现在分词短语做______状语。 现在分词作状语:相当于状语从句,但从句和主句的____语必须一致. 时间状语: 1. Working in the factory, he learned a lot from the workers.(分词一般式) 2. Having read the letter, she got very excited(完成式) 3. ________hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 4. = as soon as _________________________________________. 5. Be careful when crossing the street. 条件状语: 1.If you walk hard, you will succeed. 2. = _______________________________ 伴随方式状语 1. She came _______(run) towards me. 2. The children ran out of the room, __________(laugh) and _______(talk) merrily. 3. ____________(travel) by jeep, we visited a number of cities. 4. ____________(follow) the guide, they started to climb. 5. _____________(follow) by the students, the teacher entered the office. 原因状语 1. Because I was sick, I stayed at home.

现在分词作状语详解

教学目标:讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同 重点难点: 1.现在分词和不定式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 2.分词作状语时,要看它同句子主语之间的关系,以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。 3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系,以确定分词的时态形式 4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系,以确定非谓语动词的语态形式. 5. 连词+分词形式(分词作状语的省略问题) 6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。 7. 现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语 Step 1 lead in 朗读下面一首唐诗,找出其中的现在分词形式 Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思 Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光 So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜 Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月 Lowering my head, I dream tha t I’m home. 低头思故乡 Step2 现在分词作状语的意义 动词的现在分词作状语,修饰动词,相当于状语从句,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等,作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 一. -ing分词短语作时间状语,代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while ) 温馨提示: 1.现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生,有时可由连词when, while引出。 2.现在分词所表示的动作一发生,主句的动作就立即发生时。如: When she saw those pictures,she remembered her childhood. =Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画,她想起了自己的童年。 As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. =(0n)Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 他一听到这个好消息,就高兴地跳起来。 二.-ing分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since) 如:As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday =Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病,他昨天没有上学。 三.-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语,相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once) If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点,你就会成功。 If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.

动名词做主语终极版

动名词做主语和宾语 The -ing form as the Subject and Object I 自主学习 Lead-in 语法导入 动词的-ing 形式可分为动名词和现在分词两类。作为动名词,它有名词的基本性质,因此动名词可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语,宾语补足语和定语。本单元学习动名词做主语和宾语。 1.动名词做主语(动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。此时,谓语动词用单数形式) 动名词做主语有三种形式: ①动名词在句首直接做主语 ②It 在句首做形式主语,而动名词短语在后面做真正的逻辑上的主语 ③% ④There be + no + 动名词 1)形式一动名词在句首直接做主语。 (sing) is his hobby.唱歌是他的爱好。 (play) computer games is a wate of time.玩电子游戏是浪费时间。 (drive) fast is dangerous.驾驶超速很危险。 【归纳总结】动名词做主语,谓语动词用单数 It 在句首做形式主语,而动名词在后面做真正的逻辑上的主语。 It is no use _______(wait ) here.在这儿等是没用 it is worth/worthwhile_______(see) the movie. 用下划线画出下面句子的形式主语和真正的主语 " ①It was a waste of time reading that book. ②It is dangerous standing in the middle of the street. Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her 3)There be + no + 动名词。 There was no knowing what he could do. There is no (joke) about such matters.. 动名词做宾语的六种情形: 作及物动词宾语 it 作形式宾语,代替动名词作 作动词词组的宾语 / 介词的宾语

分词作状语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致的种种情况讲课稿

分词作状语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致的种种情况

分词作状语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致的种种情况 英语中常把分词或分词短语放在句首,作时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随状况、结果、目的及让步等状语,分词或分词短语的逻辑主语必须与句中的主语相同(即保持一致),否则句子就是错误的。例如: 1.Entering the room ,I found the walls newly-painted.(对) 我走进房间时,发现墙壁油漆一新。 Entering the room,the first thing that met eyes was the newly-painted walls.(错) 2.Badly wounded the soldier was sent to hospital at once.(对) 士兵受了重伤,立即被送到医院。 Badly wounded,we sent the soldier to hospital at once.(错) 3.Being very busy,I could not afford the time to go to the cinema.(对)我因为太忙,不能花时间去看电影了。 Being very busy,the film tickets were given to others.(错) 4.Led by the Party,we are making great progress in our work.(对) 在党的领导下,我们的工作有很大的进展。 Led by the Party,great progress in our work is being made.(错) 5.Written in haste,the letter had some mistakes.(对) 由于写得匆忙,这封信里有几个错误。 Written in haste,he made some mistakes in the letter.(错) 6.Running after each other in the street,the two boys were knocked down by a bike.(对)

高考英语语法:动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语

高考英语语法:动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语 A:作主语的-ing形式 -ing形式作主语时,其逻辑主语对于谈话双方是不言而喻的。 Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。(Reading aloud 的逻辑主语是泛指任何人,因而无需表达出来) 提示: 如果作主语的-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语时,一般用物主代词或名词所有格(即名词后加’s)。 His father’s falling ill worri ed him greatly.他父亲生病使他很着急。(his father是falling ill的逻辑主语) Your coming to work with us will be a great encouragement to us.你来和我们一道工作,对我们是很大的鼓舞。(you是coming to work with us的逻辑主语) B:作表语的-ing形式 -ing形式作表语时,其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语,但作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is Julia’s staying too late every night.我担心的是她天天晚上熬夜熬得太迟。(staying too late every night的逻辑主语是Julia) The main problem is your not having practiced a lot.主要的问题是你缺乏大量的练习。(not having practiced a lot的逻辑主语是you)

C:作定语的-ing形式 -ing形式作定语时,其逻辑主语就是它修饰的名词。 an interesting book一本有意思的书= a book that interests its readers a running stream一条奔流的小溪= a stream that is running 如果-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者,就要用-ing形式的被动式。 The meeting being held in Beijing now is of great importance.正在北京召开的会议非常重要。(逻辑主语the meeting和”举行”之间的关系是被动的,所以用being held D:作宾语的-ing形式 -ing形式作宾语时,其逻辑主语常是句子中的主语。如要明确动作的执行者,也可以在-ing形式前加上名词或代词表示逻辑主语。 I can’t imagine John’s giving a speech in front of so many people.我不能想像约翰会在这么多人前面发言。(John是giving a speech的逻辑主语) He was awakened by someone knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了。(someone是knocking at the door的逻辑主语) The boss understood himhis wanting to leave.老板明白他为什么要离职。(“他”是wanting to leave逻辑主语) 比较:

现在分词作状语的分类(伴随、让步、条件、时间等等)资料讲解

谓语动词: 有提示词, 句子缺谓语(与主语构成主谓结构) I. I _______ (tell) by my classmates about that. 2. My mother often __________ (stop) me from watching TV. 时态语态变化, 及主谓一致 非谓语动词(主动---doing , 被动---done, 目的/结果/将要to do ,) 1. We must also consider the reaction of the person __________ (receive) the gift. 2. My pupils, Tom__________ (include), liked her. 1. He entered, ________ (hold) a book in his hand. 2. He entered the room and _______ (hold) a book in his hand. 3. I politely refused her invitation and _____ (walk) away. 4. I politely refused her invitation, ______ (walk) away. 两个动词是同时发生的时候 主语+ 谓语1 + and / but + 谓语2 主语+ 谓语,+非谓语 1. When he _______ (come) in, I was reading a book. 2. Unless I ________ (invite), I won’t attend he party. 3. When _____ (hear) the news, I was excited. 4. Unless ____ (invite), I won’t attend he party. --- When / if / unless / /After/Before 等连词后没有主语+非谓语(--- ing /---ed ) , 主句---When / if / unless / /After /Before等连词+ 主语+ 谓语,主句 1. A boy ________( call ) Jack came here today 2. A boy who ________( call ) Jack came here today 3. We enjoy the movie _________ (direct) by a world famous artist. 4. We enjoy the movie which_________ (direct) by the world famous artist. 名词后没关系词时+ 非谓语, 非谓语动词修饰前面的名词做定语 名词后有关系词时+谓语,做定语从句中的谓语 1.“You can’t catch me!” Jan et shouted, _______ (run) away. 2.He said thanks and ____ (smile) a row of teeth. 3.When first ___________ (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 4.When he_______( arrive ) at the corner , he met his friend. 5.________ ( sleep ) late, he turned off the alarm clock. 6.Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______(know) only to people with specific knowledge. [例1] I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. (2011广东卷) [例2] He spit it out, __37___(say) it was awful. (2010广东卷) [例3]The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting turn

现在分词作状语的用法

现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词作状语: ①现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的,可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如:Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car. 他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。 My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there. 我表兄去深圳了,希望在那儿找份工作。 The child fell,striking his head against the door. 小孩摔了一跤,头在门上碰了一下。 In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里,这个国家经历了艰难的时期,遭受了几次致命的地震。 Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom. 因为是春天,所以花都盛开着。 ②有些分词作状语,没有逻辑上的主语,已成为习惯用法:considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that(假设)等。如:

Talking of this film, its wonderful. 说到这部电影,好极了。 Assuming that it is true, what should we do now? 假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办? Judging by the direction of the wind, it wont rain today. 根据风向测度, 今天不会下雨。 Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。

英语中的逻辑主语与逻辑宾语

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动名词作主语和宾语

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现在分词作状语的用法 高中英语必修教案教学设计

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1. It rained heavily in the south,________ serious flooding in several provinces.(2010 天津) A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 2. ________ at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.(2010 北京) A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 3. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ______supplies to Yushu, Qinghai province after the earthquake.(2010 福建) A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent 4. He had a wonderful childhood,_______with his mother to all corners of the world.(2010 安徽) A. travel B.to travel. C. traveled D. traveling 5. Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(2010 湖南) A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle 6. The lawyer listened with full attention,________ to miss any point.(2010 四川)注意是分詞の否定還是不定式の否定 A.not trying B.trying not

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动名词作主语和宾语 1. 注意:动名词的否定形式直接在它之前加not。 2.Detailed principles ①动名词做主语的用法(subject) 动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,谓语动词用单数动词。如: __________(see) is believing. ____________(help) her is my duty. __________ (eat)too much is bad for your health. ______________(work)with you is a pleasure. 动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样,也可以用it作形式主语。如: ●It is useless trying to argue with Mark. ●It is no use talking with him. 归纳:常用-ing形式作主语的句型有: ●It be no use/useless doing 做……是没用的 ●_____________________________________________ ●_____________________________________________ ●_____________________________________________ ●…… eg:在这儿等没好处,我们走回家吧。 争辩此事是浪费时间。 要把一切按时准备好很困难。 ②动名词作宾语的用法(object) 1.有些动词或短语后常用动名词作宾语。如admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, suggest, allow, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, practise, mind, miss, imagine等动词, insist on, keep on, give up, feel like, dream of, be/get used to, look forward to, devote…to, pay attention to等短语。 eg:你介意把门打开吗?(mind) 工作之余,袁隆平喜欢听小提琴曲。(enjoy) 那个姑娘每晚练习拉小提琴。(practise) 这些天他在考虑换工作。(consider) 他承认犯了一个严重错误。(admit) 今晚我想去看电影。(feel like) 人们不断来医院看望他。(keep on) 2.在allow, advise, permit等动词后直接跟动名词作宾语,如果这些词后有名词或代词作宾语,则构成“allow/advise/permit +名词/代词+不定式(宾语补足语)”之形式。如:

动名词做主语和宾语的用法及练习20140523162450

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It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing … 例:It’s no good______ (wait) here. It’s no use ______(argue) with her. It’s no good _______(smoke), you’d better give it up. It’s a waste of time _______(wait) here. No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 作宾语 I enjoy listening to music. He often practices playing the piano in the evening. He has given up smoking. Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 他不喜欢喝酒。 他充分利用时间练习唱歌。 我提议坐我的车去。 你介意我开窗吗? (1) 只能接动名词作宾语的动词: admit,

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