专四语法专项训练-虚拟语气
专四语法专项训练虚拟语气
专四语法专项训练虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done；1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _could have got___ much better result s now.2008A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get2. He would have finished his college education, but he _had___to quit and finda job to support his family.2007A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have3._Had he not been taken good care of __, he would not have recovered so quickly.2005/1995A. Hadn't he been taken good care ofB. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of4. I _would have enjoyed__the party much more if there hadn’t been quite sucha crowd of people there.2004/1996A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying5. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _had not been__ quite such a crowd of people there.2004/2000A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t6. _Had it not been__for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.2002A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not7. _Given____enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in t his field.1998a. Givingb. To givec. Givend. Being given8. I was to have made a speech if_I had not been called away__.1997A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away9. __Given___ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 1996A. HavingB. GivenC. GivingD. Had10. We could _have provided__him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.1995A. provideB. have providedC. not provideD. not have provided11. _Had I realized_____you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized12. _Had it not been for____ their help, we would not have succeeded.1992A. Hadn't been forB. Had it not been forC. It hadn't been forD. Had not it been for13. If you _had not been____ in such a hurry you would not have put sugar into the sauce instead of salt.1992A. were not, would not putB. were, would putC. had been, would have putD. had not been, would not have put14. "Did you hear of his death?'"Yes. If he _had been operated on__ in time, hemight nothave died___.”1990A. had been operated on, might not dieB. had been operated on, might not have diedC. were operated on, might not dieD. were operated on,- might not have died2、与现在事实相反：从句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _would be____ much easier to learn.2009A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been2. “You _could_____ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend. 2007A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can正确答案是陈述语序3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _would be_______ able to advise you much better than I can.2005A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. Were4. If I knew Japanese , I _would apply_____ for the position.1991A. would applyB. will applyC. may have appliedD. will have applied3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
专四语法重点题详解,虚拟语气
• If only the patient ______ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.(2007) • A. had received • B. received • C. should receive • D. were receiving • A
• _____, he would not have recovered so quickly. （1995） ） • A. Hadn’t he been taken good care of B. Had he not been taken good care of • C. Had not he been taken good care of D. Had he been not taken good care of • B
Examples
• The rapid change of society requires that college students adapt to the world outside campus by getting to know the society. • I would rather that you did nothing for the time being. • I wish that I were a student again. • I wished that I had followed his suggestion.
•
If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you _____ able to write letters in English. (1999) A. should be B. were C. must be D. are B，it’s about time that sb. did sth. ，
专四虚拟语气总结(打印)
专四语法（虚拟语气）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
eg. If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained答案B。
真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形⏹If I had time, I would do it again.⏹If I had known of your arrival, I should have met you at the station.⏹If she had further considered the problem, she might have come to the correctconclusion.真题举例：1. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _____ quite such a crowd people there.（00, 49）[C]A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. w ouldn’t be2. If your car _____ during the first 12 months,take it to an authorized dealer.（98, 43）[B]A. shall needB. should needC. would needD. will need3. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.(09, 52) [B]A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been4. _____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.(02, 60）[A]A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not5. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _____ able to advise you much better than I can. (05, 51) [A]A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were6. I was to have made a speech if _____. (97, 51) [C]A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
专四语法(虚拟语气)
4） it is time (that), it is high time
(that)句型中 谓语动词用过去时， 句型中， (that) 句型中 ， 谓语动词用过去时 ， 或者 should+动词原形 此时的should 动词原形， should不能省 是should+动词原形，此时的should不能省 略，表示早该做而未做的事，意思是 ……了 早该…… ……了 “该……了、早该……了” It‘s already 5 o’clock now．Don‘t you think it’s about time we went home？ It’s time you should do cleaning.
if， though引导的从句 5）以as if，as though引导的从句 as though (as if)，意为“好像、仿佛”。as though/as if都可以引导方式状语从句或表词从 句，在连系动词之后引导表词从句，在行为动 词之后引导方式状语从句。as if/as though引导 的从句既可用陈述语气又可用虚拟语气。如果 说话者认为句子所述的是事实或是或极有可能 发生的事实时，则从句用陈述语气；如果表示 的事情发生的可能性不大或非真实的情况，则 从句用虚拟语气。动词形式和wish后面的从句 动词形式变化相同。
3）would rather + 句子（过去时） 句子（过去时） 表示“ 宁愿、 宁可” 语气比较委婉， 表示 “ 宁愿 、 宁可 ” ， 语气比较委婉 ， 后接过去 式。 ---I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you ______ next month for a dinner. A. come B. would C. came D. have come ---It is getting late. I’d rather you ____now. (2011.61) A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. will leave
专四虚拟语气题目及讲解
10. __ for the fact that she broke her leg , she might have passed the exam. ——2002.60 A. Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not
6. If only I __ play the guitar as well as you! ——2007.52题 题 A. would B. could C. should D. might 考察虚拟语气中情态动词的用法。 从意义和语法上都相当于I 考察虚拟语气中情态动词的用法。If only从意义和语法上都相当于 从意义和语法上都相当于 wish，后面的谓语动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望，用过去完成时表 ，后面的谓语动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望， 示过去的愿望， 表示将来的期望。 项侧重人的意愿 项侧重人的意愿， 示过去的愿望，用would/could do 表示将来的期望。A项侧重人的意愿， B项指人的能力。 项指人的能力。 项指人的能力
4.Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam , she __ much better results now. ——2008.52题 题 A. Would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. Would get
2.名词性从句的虚拟形式 名词性从句的虚拟形式 名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、 名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位 语从句。从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表示虚拟。 动词原形表示虚拟。 语从句。从句的谓语动词需用 动词原形表示虚拟 考生应熟悉： 考生应熟悉： (1)下列动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形 下列动词做谓语时， 下列动词做谓语时 宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形 式： desire, advise, recommend, command, direct, order, ask, demand, request, require insist, maintain, move, propose, prefer, urge, vote。如： 。 In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home. I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake.
专四虚拟语气题目及讲解
1、It’s getting late. I’d rather you
Hale Waihona Puke __now. A、left B、leave C、are leaving D、will leave
Would rather后面接从句时，表示主语宁愿某人做某事， 从句用虚拟语气，动词用一般过去式，表示希望。注意 区分would rather 其它两个惯用句式：would rather do sth. “宁愿做某事”；would rather do…than do…“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”
4.Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam , she __ much better results now. A. Would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. Would get
条件句与过去事实相反，虽然主句的时间副词为 now，但事实上该成绩已经出来，故用could have got. 而不是 would get.
ifonly从意义和语法上都相当于iwish后面的谓语动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望用过去完成时表示过去的愿望用wouldcoulddohightimewecuttingdownshallstophightime后面的从句谓语动词用一般过去式或should动词原形且should不可省略
虚拟语气
回顾历年真题 虚拟语气讲解
(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念： 主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时 间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)
虚拟语气专题
专四虚拟语气专题训练_ (答案请找学习委员)Part A (Exercise 16A)Rewrite the follow ing, using be-subj un ctive:I. She in sists on his tak ing his vacatio n now.2.1 had recomme nded him to be placed in a more resp on sible positi on.3. I suggested his finishing up that project quickly.4. I dema nded his accompa nying me to the heari ng.5. The gen eral comma nded the soldiers to adva nee immediately.6. I prefer Mary to type the letters.7. It was n ecessary for him to leave immediately.8. It 'important for him to be nominated.9. He advised her to wait for a few weeks.10. The board has in structed the man ager to quit.II. He ordered the troops to march to the front at once.12. Con gress has voted for this law to be abolished.13. It is absolutely esse ntial for all the applica nts to be in terviewed one by one.14. I think it advisable for a secretary to be appo in ted at on ce.15. We propose somebody n eutral for the chair.16. May our great motherla nd live long!17. Let it be un derstood that both sides are willi ng to reach an agreeme nt.18. It suffices to say that the ope n policy will rema in un cha nged.19. It is n ecessary for every member to get in formed of these rules.20. The ambassador will stay there if n ecessary.Part B. (Exercise 16B)Put the verbs in brackets into proper subjunctive form:1. Far ___ (be) it from me to call him a thief.2. If I ____ (be) you, I shouldn 'do it.3. He behaves as though he ___ (be) better tha n us.4. It is esse ntial that he ___ (have) all the facts.5. Whatever ____ (be) his defe nse, we cannot tolerate this disloyalty.6. Home is home, ____ (be) it ever so homely.7. It isn 'as if she ____ (not be) pretty.8. We recomme nd that a n eutral Chairma n __ (appo in t).9. He fought as hard as if his wife ___ (be) in dan ger.10. He is my best friend, my sec ond self, as it __ (be).11. It is absolutely essential that all the facts ___ (examine) first.12. She treats me as if I ___ (be) a stra nger.13. I wish it ___ (be) true.14. We suggest that this applica nt __ (apply) next year.15. If I ___ (feel) overtired, I would n 'go on.16. The committee recomme nds that the ann ual subscripti on __ (in crease) to $10.17. It is highly desirable that every effort _______ (make) to reduce expenditure and that everymember of the staff __ (economize) wherever possible.18. He spoke to her as if she __ (be) a stranger.19. _ (be) that as it may, our expenditure is bound to increase.20. They suggested that Smith ___ (drop) from the team.21. I 'd play football with you if I __ (be) younger.22. It's not as though he __ (be) younger.23. If it ___ (rain) tomorrow, the match would be postponed.24. Suppose he __ (see) us!25. It is recommended that the work _ (not start) until all the preparations have been made.26. _ (suffice) it to say that our foreign policy remains unchanged.27. The judge ordered that the witness __ (tell) the truth.28. I propose he __ (excuse).29. I move the meeting __ (adjourn).30. _ (be) a serious crisis to arise, the government would have to act swiftly.31. Congress has voted that the present law __ (continue) to operate.32. If need ___ (be), we can always bring another car.33. It's essential that he ___ (be) here by tomorrow.34. It is necessary that every member ___ (inform) himself of these rules.35. I wish I ___ (be) a bird.36. He will remain here if need ___ (be).37. I require that they ___ (come) by ten.38. Give him food lest he __ perish.39. Even if it __ (be) more difficult, I should try to accomplish it.40. He makes a note of the assignment lest he __ (forget) it.Part C. (Exercise 16C)Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets:1. It 's just struck midnight. It 's high time we _ (go) to bed.2. If only we __ (have) a phone! I 'm tired of queuing outside the public phone box.3. He talks as if he __ (do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it.4. Father: I 've supported you all through university. Now I think it's time you ________ (begin) to support yourself.5. I wish I __ (know) what 's wrong with my car.6. I looks like rain; you __ (have) better take a raincoat.7. The cheese looks as if rats __ (nibble) it.8. He always talks as if he _ (address) a public meeting.9. He treats us as if we __ (be) all idiots.10. Wife: I 'd like to get a job.Husband: I 'd much rather you ___ (stay) at home and ___ (look) after the house.11. If you ___ (tie) the boat up, it wouldn 't have drifted away.12. I wish you ____ (not give) him my phone number. (=I 'm sorry you gave it to him.)13. Suppose you _ (have) million dollars how ______ (will) you spend it?14. You talk as though it ___ (be) a small thing to leave your country for ever.15. I hate driving. I 'd much rather you __ (drive).16. If only I __ (be) insured! (= But I wasn 't insured.)17. If you ___ (not take) those photos, you wouldn 't have been arrested.18. If only I __ (keep) my mouth shut! (= I said something which made matters much worse.)19. A: I 'll pay you by cheque monthly.B: I 'd rather you ___ (pay) me cash weekly.20. Suppose you __ (not know) where your next meal was coming from?21. I wish nuclear weapons never ___ (be) invented.22. It's high time you __ (stop) doing this translation and ___ (start) writing your thesis.23. I wish I __ (bring) a map with me.24. I wish you __ (be coming) with us.25. A: But I told you what to do.B: I know you did. If only I ___ (take) your advice!26. A: Can I take this umbrella?B: I 'd rather you ___ (take) the other one.27. If you ___ (have) a peep hole in your door, you would have seen who was standing outside and kept the door shut.28. I wish I __ (not try) to repair it. I only made it worse.29. If I __ (not have) rubber gloves on, I would have been electrocuted.30. He looks as if he never __ (get) a square meal, but in fact his wife feeds him very well.Part D 专四历年真题(虚拟语气)说明1：1-17 题有详细解析 (见复印件)1. If you __ in such a hurry, you ___ sugar into the sauce instead of salt. (1992-50)a. were not, would not putb. were, would, putc. had been, would have putd. had not been, would not have put2. __ their help, we would not have succeeded. (1992-55)a. Hadn't been forb. Had not it been forc. It hadn 't been ford. Had it not been for3. She asked that she __ allowed to see her son in police custody. (1993-50)a. would beb. could bec. bed. was4. __ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work. (1994-53)a. Unlessb. But forc. Except ford. Not for5. It was recommended that passengers _ smoke during the flight. (1994-58)a. notb. need notc. could notd. would not6. __ you were busy, I wouldn 't have bothered you with my questions. (1994-62)a. If I realizedb. Had I realizedc. I realizedd. As I realized7. _ , he would not have recovered so quickly. (1999-65)a. Hadn't he been taken good care ofb. Had he not been taken good care ofc. Had not he been taken good care ofd. Had he been not taken good care of8. I _ the party much more if there hadn 't been quite such a crowd of people there. (1996-43)a. would enjoyb. will have enjoyedc. could have enjoyedd. will be enjoying9. He left orders that nothing __ touched until the police arrived there. (1997-43)a. should beb. ought to bec. must bed. would be10. I was to have made a speech if ___ . (1997-51)a. I was not called awayb. n obody would have called me awayc. I had not bee n called awayd. n obody called me away11. If your car ______ any atte nti on duri ng the first 12 mon ths, take it to authorized dealer. (1998-43)a. shall n eedb. should n eedc. would n eedd. will n eed12. If you have really bee n study ing En glish for so Ion g, it 'about time you ______able to write letters in En glish. (1999-49)a. should beb. werec. must bed. are13. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ___ q uite such a crowd of people there. (2000-49)a. were n'tb. has n'tbee nc. had n'tbee nd. will n eed14. ___ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. (2002-50)a. Had it not bee nb. Had n 'tit bee nc. Was it notd. Were it not15. “ Whacourses are you going to do next semester?”“ don 'tknow. But it ' about time ___ on something." (2002-51)a. I' decideb. I decidedc. I decided. I'm decidi ng16. ___ if I had arrived yesterday without lett ing you know beforeha nd? (2004-44)a. Would you be surprisedb. Were you surprisedc. Had you bee n surprisedd. Would you have bee n surprised17. It is imperative that stude nts ______ their term papers on time. (2004-46)a. hand inb. would hand inc. have to hand ind. han ded in说明2: 18-25题只提供参考答案，具体解析请参见历年真题册。
专四真题94-13年(附答案)
第一节语法一、虚拟语气1. If it _____ tomorrow, the match would be put off.A. was to rainB. were to rainC. was rainingD. had rained [2013]2. My boss ordered that the legal documents _____ to him before lunch.A. be sentB. were sentC. were to be sentD. must be sent [2012]-143. It’s getting late. I’d rather you _____ now.A. leftB. leaveC. are leavingD. will leave [2011]-284. Aren't you tired? I ____ you had done enough for today.A. should have thoughtB. must have thoughtC. might have thoughtD. could have thought [2009]5. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now.A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get [2008]-236. If only the patient ______ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A. had receivedB. receivedC. should receiveD. were receiving [2007]-20&237. Linda was _____ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.A. to startB. to have startedC. to be startingD. to have been starting [2007]-23&318. It’s high time we ___ cutting down the rainforests.A. stoppedB. had to stopC. shall stopD. stop [2006]-299. _____for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.**A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not [2002]-3010.You _____Jim anything about it. It was none of his business. **A. needn’t have toldB. needn’t tellC. mustn’t have toldD. mustn’t tell [2000][1998]-1111. Much as______, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have that much spare cash. **A. I would have liked toB. I would like to haveC. I should have to likeD. I should have liked to [1999]12. _____ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.A. UnlessB. But forC. Except forD. Not for [1994]13. It was recommended that passengers _____smoke during the flight.A. notB. need notC. could notD. would not [1994]14. Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood?A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o' clock.B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C. Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic lights.D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday. [2013]-2,1415. It is necessary that he ____ the assignment without delay.A. hand inB. hands inC. must hand inD. has to hand in [2010]16. It is absolutely essential that William ____ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A. will continueB. continuedC. continueD. continues [2007]17. It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A. attractsB. shall attractC. attractD. has to [2006]18. It is imperative that students ____ their term papers on time.A. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed in [2004]19. He left orders that nothing ______touched until the police arrived here.A. should beB. ought to beC. must beD. would be [1998]20. If only I __play the guitar as well as you!A. wouldB. couldC. shouldD. might [2006]-621. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been [2009]22. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _____ able to advise you much better than I can. A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were [2005]23.Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity to hear the speech.A. ought to haveB. must haveC. may haveD. should have [2006]-724. ____ you ____ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.A. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, had [2005]-525. ____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?A. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprisedD. Would you have been surprised [2004]26. If your car _____any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.A. shall needB. should needC. would needD. will need [1998]27. We could _____him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.A. provideB. have providedC. not provideD. not have provided [1995]28. “What courses are you going to do next semester?”“I don’t know. But it’s about time ______on something.”A. I’d decideB. I decidedC. I decideD. I’m deciding [2002]-729. If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you _____able to write letters in English.A. should beB. wereC. must beD. are [1999]30. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ____quite such a crowd of people there. A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t be [2000]-931. I was to have made a speech if______.A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away [1997]32. I _____ the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying [1996]33. _____, he would not have recovered so quickly.**A. Hadn’t he been taken good care ofB. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of [1995]34. ______you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.**A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized [1994]35. As it turned out to be a small house party, we _____so formally.A. need not have dressed upB. must not have dressed upC. did not need to dress upD. must not dress up [1996]-1036. The meeting’s been cancelled. Ann _____ all that work.A. need to doB. need haveC. needn’t have doneD. needed not to do [1995]二、时态、语态和主谓一致1. Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She ____ by bus.A. must have goneB. should have goneC. ought to have goneD. could have gone [2010]2. She _____ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.A. had beenB. must beC. has beenD. must have been [2009] [2007]3. In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language.A. would makeB. had madeC. madeD. makes [2008]4. He would have finished his college education, but he ____to quit and find a job to support his family.A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have [2007]-255. The committee has anticipated the problems that ____in the road construction project.A. ariseB. will ariseC. aroseD. have arisen [2007]6. The student said there were a few points in the essay he _____impossible to comprehend.A. had foundB. findsC. has foundD. would find [2007] [2006]7. All the President’s Men _____ one of the important b ooks for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainB. remainsC. remainedD. is remaining [2007]8. “You _____ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend.A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can [2007]9. The statistics ___ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.A. provesB. is provingC. are provingD. prove [2006]10. I am surprised ___ this city is a dull place to live in.A. that you should thinkB. by what you are thinkingC. that you would thinkD. with what you were thinking [2006]11. That was not the first time he ____ us. I think it’s high time we ____ strong actions aga inst him.**A. betrayed…takeB. had betrayed…tookC. has betrayed…tookD. has betrayed…take[2005]12. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ____ the journey in exactly two days.A. must takeB. must have madeC. was able to makeD. could make [2005]13. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.A. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I have been and always will be [2005]14. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.A. will comeB. was comingC. had been comingD. came [2005]15. Mr Wells, together with all the members of his family, ____ for Europe this afternoon.A. are to leaveB. are leavingC. is leavingD. leave [2004]16. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____ going to agree upon anything today.A. neither you nor I areB. neither you nor me isC. neither you nor I amD. neither me nor you are [2003]17. Jack ______from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.A. has been missingB. has been missedC. had been missingD. was missed [2003]18. He ______unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.A. may have actedB. must have actedC. should actD. would act [1999]19. Mr. White works with a chemicals import and export company, but he _____for this industrial fair, since he is on leave.A. has workedB. worksC. has been workingD. is working [1998]20. How can I ever concentrate if you _____continually _____me with silly questions?A. have…interruptedB. had…interruptedC. are…interruptingD. were…interrupting [1997]21. “She must be in the dormitory now.”“No, she ____ be there. I saw her in the classroom a minute ago.”A. mustn’tB. can’tC. couldn’tD. wouldn’t [1994]22. He _____the 8:20 bus because he didn’t leave home till 8:25.A. couldn’t have caughtB. ought to have caughtC. shouldn’t have caughtD. must not have caught [1994]三、非谓语动词（+独立主格结构）1. _____ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.A. To be not tallB. Not being tallC. Being not tallD. Not to be tall [2010][2001]2. What a nice day! How about the three of us _____ a walk in the park nearby?A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking [2009]3. It is not uncommon for there ____ problems of communication between the old and the young.A. beingB. would beC. beD. to be [2007]4. ______ at in his way, the situation does not seem so desperate.A. LookingB. LookedC. Being lookedD. To look [2007][2000]5. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, ____ the spoilt ones.A. not countingB. not to countC. don’t countD. having not counted[2006]6. What’s the chance of ________ a general election this ye ar?A. there beingB. there to beC. there beD. there going to be [2005]7. The meeting was put off because we __________ a meeting without John.**A. objected havingB. were objected to havingC. objected to haveD. objected to having [2005]8. The Minister of Finance is believed ____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.**A. that he is thinkingB. to be thinkingC. that he is to thinkD. to think [2004]9. AIDS is said ______the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in the region.A. beingB. to beC. to have beenD. having been [2002]10. Professor Johnson is said _______some significant advance in his research in the past year.A. having madeB. makingC. to have madeD. to make [1999]11. If not ____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles allthe time.A. being treatedB. treatedC. be treatedD. having been treated [2004]-2612. Time ______, the celebration will be held as scheduled.A. permitB. permittingC. permittedD. permits [2003]13. Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat _____ by far the biggest cereal crop.A. isB. beenC. beD. being [2003][1994]14. _______him tomorrow?A. Why not to call onB. Why don’t call onC. Why not calling onD. Why not call on [2001]15. Even as a girl, _____to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teachers.**A. performing by Melissa wereB. it was known that Melissa’s performances wereC. knowing that Melissa’s performances wereD. Melissa knew that performing was[2001]-2816. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beingD. be [2000][1996]17. This is an illness that can result in total blindness _______left untreated.A. afterB. ifC. sinceD. unless [2000]18. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, ______by the police each time.A. had been capturedB. being always capturedC. only to be capturedD. unfortunately captured [1999]19. The Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel_______.A. to stayB. is to stayC. to stay atD. is for staying [1998]20. ______, he can now only watch it on TV at home.A. Obtaining not a ticket for the matchB. Not obtaining a ticket for the matchC. Not having obtained a ticket for the matchD. Not obtained a ticket for the match [1998][1994]21. _____enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.A. GivingB. To giveC. GivenD. Being given [1998][1996]22. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ______insufficiently poplar with all members.A. having consideredB. was consideredC. was being consideredD. being considered [1996]23. This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals ____ in Africa.**A. huntedB. huntingC. that huntedD. are hunted [1996]24. In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid______.A. from being beatenB. being beatenC. beatingD. to be beaten [1996]25. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder______ out and three men climbing down it.A. throwingB. being thrownC. having thrownD. having been thrown [1995]26. He resented ______to wait. He expected the minister ______ him at once.A. to be asked, to seeB. being asked, to seeC. to be asked, seeingD. being asked, seeing [1995]27. This missile is designed so that once _____nothing can be done to retrieve it.A. firedB. being firedC. they firedD. having fired [1995]28. Arriving at the bus stop, _____waiting there.A. a lot of people wereB. he found a lot of peopleC. a lot of peopleD. people were found [1994]四. 从句（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句）1. There is no doubt ____ the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned.A. whetherB. thatC. whyD. when [2011] [2001]2. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man _____ he wasfifteen years ago.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that [2011][2003]3. After____ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.A. thatB. itC. whatD. there [2010] [1999]4. The couple had no sooner got to the station _____ the coach left. **A. whenB. asC. untilD. than [2009]5. I was very interested in _____ she told me.A. all thatB. all whichC. all whatD. that [2009]6. _____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However [2009]7. Quality is ____ counts most.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. where [2008]8. I enjoyed myself so much ____ I visited my friends in Paris last year.A. whenB. whichC. thatD. where [2008]9. ____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. **A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Though much [2008][2003]-34&○一1110. Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak.A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which [2008]11. __dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.A. AlthoughB. whateverC. AsD. However [2006]12. The party, __I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.A. by whichB. for whichC. to whichD. at which [2006]13. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ________ that he paid me back the following week.A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if [2005]14. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting. **A. so as toB. such as toC. such toD. as much as to [2005][1998][1996]15. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.A. Although he is a socialistB. Even if he is a socialistC. Being a socialistD. Since he is a socialist [2005]16. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ____ by his lack of talent. **A. so much asB. rather thanC. asD. than [2004]17. The government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victimsin the flood-stricken area.A. howeverB. whicheverC. whateverD. wherever [2004]18. Who _______was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?A. you saidB. did you sayC. did you say thatD. you did say [2003]19. ---Does Alan like limburgers? ---Yes. So much ______ that he eats them almost every day.A. forB. asC. toD. so [2003]20. Above the trees are the hills, _______ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.A. whereB. of whoseC. whoseD. which [2003]21. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, _____is something we had not expected.A. whichB. itC. thatD. what [2003]22. We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ______should make great differences in our life next summer.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. they [2002]23. Fool _______Jane is, she could not have done such a thing. **A. whoB. asC. thatD. like [2002]-924. Have you ever been in a situation _____ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?A. by whichB. thatC. in whereD. where [2002]25. She did her work _____her manager had instructed.A. asB. untilC. whenD. though [2002]26. She managed to save _______she could out of her wages to help her brother.A. how little moneyB. so little moneyC. such little moneyD. what little money [2002]27. ______I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.A. as long asB. asC. whileD. even [2001]28. Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff _______is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced.A. whoseB. asC. whatD. that [2000]29. I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city _______.A. I’d most like to visitB. which I like to visit mostlyC. where I like to visitD. I’d like much to visit [1999][1997]30. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ____ in the public mind today.A. existsB. existC. existingD. to exist [1999]31. He is _____as a “bellyacher”— he’s always complaining about something.A. who is knownB. whom is knownC. what is knownD. which is known [1999]32. The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than ______.A. is necessaryB. being necessaryC. to be necessaryD. it is necessary [1998]33. She remembered several occasions in the past ____she had experienced a similar feeling.A. whichB. beforeC. thatD. when [1998]34. _____he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.A. Much asB. Much thoughC. As muchD. Though much [1998]35. The physicist has made a discovery, _____of great importance to the progress of science and technology.A. I think which isB. that I think isC. which I think isD. I think that is [1997]36. The team can handle whatever______.A. that needs handlingB. which needs handlingC. it needs handlingD. needs to be handled [1997]37. This company has now introduced a policy _____pay rises are related to performance at work.A. whichB. whereC. whetherD. what [1996]38. You won’t get a loan ______ you can offer some security.A. lestB. in caseC. unlessD. other than [1996]39. ____ I was very much mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise.A. UnlessB. AsC. ThoughD. Since [1995]40. Only take these clothes ______really necessary.A. as wereB. as they areC. as they wereD. as are [1994]41. _____ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals.A. ThatB. ItC. ThisD. As [1994]42. We can assign the task to ______ is capable and trustworthy.A. whomeverB. whoC. whomD. whoever [1994]五. 特殊句型（倒装、省略、比较、反义疑问句、强调、平行）1. A: Mother, you promised to take me out. B: Well, _____A. so I did!B. so did I.C. so I do!D. so do I. [2012]2. When you have finished with the book, don’t forget to return it to Tim, ______?A. do youB. will youC. don’t youD. won’t you[2011][2008]3. It is not so much the language _____ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand. **A. asB. norC. butD. like [2011] [2007][1999]4. She seldom goes to the theatre, _____?A. doesn't sheB. does sheC. would sheD. wouldn't she [2010][1995]5. Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that [2010]-○四236. Little _____ about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.A. she caredB. she may careC. may she careD. did she care [2009]7. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. Peter's in Rome.A. /B. that ofC. which isD. of [2008]8. They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____.A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was [2008]9. Nine is to three _____ three is to one.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what [2008] [2001]10. The research requires more money than _______.A. have been put inB. has been put inC. being put inD. to be put in [2007][2002]11. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _____a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.A. no moreB. not moreC. even moreD. much more [2007]12. There are as good fish in the sea _____ ever came out of it.A. thanB. likeC. asD. so [2007]13. There used to be a petrol station near the park, __?A. didn’t itB. doesn’t thereC. usedn’t it?D. didn’t there[2006]14. It was ____ we had hoped.A. more a success thanB. a success more thanC. as much of a success asD. a success as much as [2006]15. ____ both sides accept the agreement ____ a lasting peace be established in this region.A. Only if, willB. If only, wouldC. Should, willD. Unless, would [2004]16. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, ____ to the truck.A. the greater stress isB. greater is the stressC. the stress is greaterD. the greater the stress [2004]17. ____, I’ll marry him all the same.**A. Was he rich or poorB. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poorD. Be he rich or poor[2004]18. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ______?A. hadn’t sheB. hasn’t sheC. wouldn’t sheD. didn’t she [2003]19. Do help yourself to some fruit, ______you?A. can’tB. don’tC. wouldn’tD. won’t [2000]20. Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people ____.A. doB. hearC. do themD. hearing it [2000]21. The central provinces have floods in some years, and ______.A. drought in othersB. droughts are othersC. while other droughtsD. others in drought [2000]22. Fat cannot change into muscle ______muscle changes into fat.A. any more thanB. no more thanC. no less thanD. much more than [1999]23. John is______ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. no so [1998]24. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner_____ to the professor.A. as far asB. the same asC. as much asD. as long as [1998]25. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _____Eastern Nebraska.A. inB. it receives inC. doesD. it does in [1996]26. ______ the two, Bob is ______student.A. Of, more diligentB. In, more diligentC. Of, the more diligentD. In, much more diligent [1995]27. It was not until midnight _______the snowcapped peak.A. that they sightedB. that they did not sightC. did they sightD. had they sighted [1995]28. He is not under arrest, ______any restriction on him.A. or the police have placedB. or have the police placedC. nor the police have placedD. nor have the police placed [1995]29. So badly ______ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months.A. did he injureB. injured himC. was he injuredD. he was injured [1994]30. She has taken great pains to conceal her emotions, and thereby made them ____ conspicuous.A. all the moreB. all the muchC. all moreD. all much [1994]六.特殊词法1. The additional work will take _____ weeks.A. the otherB. another twoC. other twoD. the more [2011]2. When one has good health, _____ should feel fortunate.A. youB. theyC. heD. we [2010]3. He feels that he is not yet ____ to travel abroad.A. too strongB. enough strongC. so strongD. strong enough [2010][1997]4. Dr Johnson is head of the department, ____ an expert in translation.A. orB. eitherC. butD. and [2010]5. The person he interviewed was _____ his former schoolmate.A. no other thanB. no more thanC. none other thanD. none the less [2009]6. Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for thedisabled, will publish ____ proposals in the near future.A. theirB. ourC. hisD. its [2008]7. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk ___ far.A. /B. suchC. thatD. as [2006]8. Land belongs to the city; there is __ thing as private ownership of land.A. no such aB. not suchC. not such aD. no such [2006]9. Susan is very hard-working, but her pay is not__ for her work.A. enough goodB. good enoughC. as good enoughD. good as enough [2006]10. Children who stay away from school do ________ for different reasons.A. themB. /C. itD. theirs [2005]11. –Why are you staring? –I’ve never seen ______tree before.A. kind ofB. that kind ofC. such kindD. such [2005]12. Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will have to install _________ solar heating device in our home.A. some type ofB. some types of aC. some type of aD. some types of [2005]13. I know he failed his last test, but really he’s _________ stupid.A. something butB. anything butC. nothing butD. not but [2005]14. Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _________ than Tim.A. much more sportsmanB. more of a sportsmanC. more of sportsmanD. more a sportsman [2005]15. Issues of price, place, promotion, and product are ____ conventional concerns in planningmarketing strategies.A. these of the mostB. most of thoseC. among the mostD. among the many of [2004]16. Your ideas, _______, seem unusual to me.A. like herB. like hersC. similar to herD. similar to herself [2003]17. ______of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.A. NoneB. BothC. NeitherD. All [2002]18. It was as a physician that he represented himself, and_____ he was warmly received.A. as suchB. such asC. as thatD. so that [1997]19. Come and see me whenever ______.A. you are convenientB. you will be convenientC. it is convenient to youD. it will be convenient to you [1997]20. _____, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources. **A. Instead of his notable contributionsB. For all his notable contributionsC. His making notable contributionsD. However his notable contributions [1997]21. The idea of traveling through _____ space to other planets interests many people today.A. aB. theC. /D. one [1995]22. ___human problems that repeat themselves in __ life repeat themselves in ___ literature.A. /, /, theB. /, the, /C. The ,/ ,/D. The, the, the [1994]。
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专四语法专项训练-虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were, had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done；1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _could have got___ much better result s now.2008A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get2. He would have finished his college education, but he _had___to quit and find a job to support his family.2007A. had hadB. hasC.had D. would haveA. weren’tB. hasn’tbeen C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t6. _Had it not been__for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.2002A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not7. _Given____enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more int his field.1998a. Givingb. To givec. Givend. Being given8. I was to have made a speech if_I had not been called away__.1997A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away9. __Given___ time, he’ll make afirst-class tennis player. 1996A. HavingB. GivenC.Giving D. Had10. We could _have provided__him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.1995A. provideB. have providedC. not provideD. not have provided11. _Had I realized_____you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994A. If I realizedB. Had Irealized C. I realized that D. As I realized12. _Had it not been for____ their help, we would not have succeeded.1992A. Hadn't been forB. Had it not been forC. It hadn't been forD. Had not it been for13. If you _had not been____ in sucha hurry you would not haveput sugar into the sauce instead of salt.1992A. were not, would not putB. were, would putC. had been, would have putD. had not been, would not have put14. "Did you hear of his death?'"Yes. If he _had been operated on__ in time, hemight not havedied___.”1990A. had been operated on, might not dieB. had been operated on, might not have diedC. were operated on, might notdie D. were operated on,- might not have died2、与现在事实相反：从句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could,might)+do；1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _would be____ much easier to learn.2009A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been2. “You _could_____ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend.2007A. couldB. shouldC.must D. can正确答案是陈述语序3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _would be_______ able to advise you much better than I can.2005A. would beB. will havebeen C. was D. Were4. If I knew Japanese , I _would apply_____ for the position.1991A. would applyB. will applyC. may have appliedD. will have applied3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did(should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
1. _Should ____ you _have____ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.2005A. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, had2. T his is an illness that can result in total blindness _if ______left untreated.2000A. afterB. ifC. sinceD. unless3. If your car would need____ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. (1998)A. shall needB. should needC. would needD. will need4、错综条件句，也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
根据历年真题能看出，一般以考察从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟为主，即从句sb had done，主句sbwould(should, could, might)+do；1. If only the patient _hadreceived_____ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.2007A. had receivedB. receivedC. should receiveD. were receiving2._Would you be surprise d___ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?2004A. Would you be surprise dB. Were you surprise dC. Had you been surprise dD. Would you have been surprise d考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。
1. It was recommended that passengers _not __ smoke during the flight.(2004/1994)A. notB. need notC. could notD. would not2. He left orders that nothing _should be_____touched until the police arrived here.1997A. should beB. ought to beC. must beD. would be3. She asked that she __be____ allowed to see her son in police custody. 1993A.would beB.couldbe C.be D.was4. The teacher demanded _that Tom hand in_____ his essay immediately.1991A. Tom to hand inB. that Tom hands inC. that Tom handed inD. that Tom hand in考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。