英语修辞学考试复习重点
英语专八考修辞手法的题
英语专八考修辞手法的题
英语专八考试中，修辞手法是一个重要的考点。
修辞手法是指通过语言的艺术手段来达到修饰、烘托、夸张或象征的目的。
在专八考试中，关于修辞手法的题目通常涉及对文学作品中修辞手法的分析、理解和运用。
一种常见的题型是要求考生根据给定的句子或段落，判断其中使用了何种修辞手法，以及这种修辞手法的作用和效果。
例如，可能会给出一段描述，要求考生辨别其中的比喻、拟人、排比等修辞手法，并解释这些修辞手法对于表达作者意图的帮助。
另一种题型可能是要求考生根据给定的修辞手法，分析其在文学作品中的运用。
考生需要举例说明作品中具体的修辞手法，并分析这些修辞手法对于情节、人物塑造、意境营造等方面的作用。
此外，还可能会出现要求考生在给定的句子或段落中，运用适当的修辞手法来增强表达效果的题目。
考生需要根据语境和要求，运用比喻、夸张、排比等修辞手法来重构句子或段落，使其更具表现力和感染力。
总的来说，专八考试中的修辞手法题目涉及对文学作品的理解和分析能力，考生需要熟悉各种修辞手法的定义、特点和作用，能够准确地辨别和分析文学作品中的修辞手法，并灵活运用修辞手法来提高自己的语言表达能力。
希望这些信息对你有所帮助。
高中英语知识点归纳修辞手法和修辞方法
高中英语知识点归纳修辞手法和修辞方法在高中英语学习中，学生需要了解和掌握各种修辞手法和修辞方法，这对于培养语言运用的能力非常重要。
修辞手法可以帮助我们更好地表达思想和情感，提升文章的艺术效果。
本文将归纳总结高中英语中常见的修辞手法和修辞方法，帮助同学们更好地理解和使用。
一、修辞手法1. 比喻：通过运用形象生动的语言，将两个不同的事物进行类比，以便更清晰地传达作者的观点和意图。
比如：“他是大海中的一匹游弋的鲸鱼。
”2. 拟人：将无生命的事物或抽象的概念赋予人的特质，以增加表达的生动性和感染力。
比如：“阳光在窗前笑着对我说话。
”3. 夸张：夸大事物的某一特征或情况，以便更好地引起读者的注意和共鸣。
比如：“我等了一辈子，终于盼来了你的到来。
”4. 对比：通过对比两个相对事物的差异和共同点，以便更好地强调某一事物的特点或调动读者的情感。
比如：“他和弟弟相貌相似，性格却截然不同。
”5. 排比：通过重复使用相同或相似的句式、短语或词语，以便更好地强调某一观点或情感，增强语言的表达力。
比如：“爱是红色的，爱是温暖的，爱是无私的。
”6. 反问：用问句的形式表达出来的陈述句，以便更好地引起读者思考和共鸣。
比如：“难道我们不应该保护大自然吗？”7. 设问:提出一个问题即为设问，让读者去思考和回答这个问题。
常用于议论文中的引言部分。
比如：“现代社会中，网络给人们的生活带来了哪些变化？”8. 比较:通过对同类事物的相似与区别进行比较，突出事物的特点。
比如：“这幅画的色彩明亮如火，而那幅画的色彩柔和如水。
”9. 讽刺：运用讽刺的方法，以批评、嘲笑或引起反思等目的。
常用于政治讽刺或社会现象的揭露中。
比如：“这个国家的官员真是越来越能干了，把自己的腰包包里的钱都能数得清清楚楚。
”10. 括弧：在修辞中，用括号将表达的事实、情况、心理状态等加以括起来，增强修辞的效果。
比如：（睁大眼睛）看！那个小猫咪在阳光下打盹。
11. 借代：用一个代词或名词来代替已经被提到过的名词，便于读者理解。
高中英语知识点归纳写作时的修辞手法和篇章结构
高中英语知识点归纳写作时的修辞手法和篇章结构高中英语知识点归纳：写作时的修辞手法和篇章结构高中英语写作时的修辞手法和篇章结构是学习英语写作的重要内容。
熟练掌握这些知识点有助于提升写作表达能力，使文章更具说服力和吸引力。
本文将对高中英语知识点进行归纳总结，并分析修辞手法和篇章结构的运用。
一、修辞手法修辞手法是指在表达过程中运用的一些技巧和方法，可以增加文章的美感、感染力和表达力。
以下是常见的修辞手法：1.比喻：用某种事物来描述另一种事物，以便使读者更容易理解或感受到作者要表达的意思。
例如：“她的笑容像春天的阳光。
”2.拟人：赋予无生命的事物以人的特征和行为，增加描述的生动性和形象感。
例如：“大树伸展着它的双臂，迎接着朝阳。
”3.排比：通过连续使用并列的词语或短语，加强语气，使句子更具节奏感和力度。
例如：“他勤奋、聪明、勇敢，是个很有前途的年轻人。
”4.反问：用疑问句的形式来表达肯定的观点或强调某一观点，增加说服力。
例如：“难道我们不应该保护环境吗？”5.夸张：对事物进行夸大和放大的描述，以吸引读者的注意力和产生强烈的印象。
例如：“我等了一个世纪才等到他的电话。
”二、篇章结构篇章结构是指文章中段落的组织和连接方式，合理的篇章结构能够使文章更具逻辑性和层次感，使读者更容易理解和接受文章内容。
以下是常见的篇章结构：1.总分结构：先介绍总体概况，再逐一分析各个要点或例证，最后再作总结。
例如：“环境污染是我们面临的重大问题。
首先，我们要了解造成环境污染的原因；其次，我们需要采取相应的措施来解决环境问题；最后，我们希望每个人都能意识到环境保护的重要性。
”2.时间顺序结构：按照时间的先后顺序来组织文章，逐步叙述事件的发展过程。
例如：“星期一早上，我醒来后发现外面下着大雨；接着，我听到了新闻报道说今天会有台风；然后，我决定不出门，安心待在家里。
”3.因果结构：说明某一事件的原因和结果，通过因果关系的描述使文章更有说服力。
英语修辞格考试题及答案
英语修辞格考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪个选项是使用了比喻的修辞手法？A. The world is a stage.B. The cat is black.C. The wind is howling.D. The sun is shining.2. 以下哪个句子是使用了拟人化的修辞手法？A. The flowers are blooming.B. The leaves are dancing in the wind.C. The clock is ticking.D. The river flows gently.3. 以下哪个句子是使用了夸张的修辞手法？A. He is very tall.B. He is as tall as a skyscraper.C. He is tall.D. He is taller than the average person.4. 以下哪个句子是使用了反问的修辞手法？A. Do you think he is right?B. Is he right?C. Can he be right?D. Who knows if he is right?5. 下列哪个选项是使用了排比的修辞手法？A. She sings, she dances, she acts.B. She sings and dances and acts.C. She sings, dances, and acts.D. She can sing, dance, and act.二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6. 比喻是一种将两种不同事物通过_________联系起来的修辞手法。
7. 拟人化是赋予非人类事物以_________的修辞手法。
8. 夸张是一种通过_________来强调某种特性的修辞手法。
9. 反问是一种不期待回答，用以_________的修辞手法。
10. 排比是一种通过_________来增强语句节奏和强调的修辞手法。
期末考试高级英语第一册修辞总结
Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar is the formation of words in imitation or the sounds :1. Onomatopoeia（拟声法）associated with the thing concerned. thread their way among thebells e.g. 1) Little monkeys with harmoniously tinklingthrongs of people (Para. 1)(Para. 9)and rumbling 2) the squeakingis the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by （隐喻）: 2. Metaphor.like”as” or “stating another comparable thing without using “ of a big open square (Para. 1)glare e.g. 1) the heat and. of dancing flashes…a fairlyland 2)…until you rounded a corner and seethis bazaar (Para. 7)honeycombmaze of vaulted streets which 3)…in the: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with （头韵）3. alliteration the same letter or letters.of people (Para. 1) throngs way among the e.g. 1) …thread theirprotesting of 2)…the sellers, on the other hand, make a pointis the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud ): 4. Hyperbole(夸张and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc.(Para. 7)…tiny restaurant with porters and e.g.or sit in aof glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)flood quickly the trickle becomes a: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or 对偶)5．Antithesis(phrases opposite each other for emphasis.leatherhuge with a apprentice blows a big charcoal fire e.g. 1) …a tiny(Para.5)bellows… the camels and their stonedwarfstowers to the vaulted ceiling and 2) …whichwheels. (Para. 9): a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with 6. Personification human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.(Para.5) …catches the light of e.g. …as the burnished copper尾韵7. Assonance(…. of the grinding wheels rumbling e.g. 1)… the squeaking andUnit 21.Metaphor: 暗喻A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison.暗喻是一种修辞，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示二者之间的相似之处。
英语修辞学知识要点
英语修辞学知识要点Chapter 1 Syntactic Devices1. Long and Short Sentences 长句和短句2. The Simple Sentence 简单句3. The Compound Sentence 复合句4. The Complex Sentence 复杂句5. Simple,Compound and Complex Sentences简单句、复合句和复杂句6. Branching Sentences 分支句（松散句和圆周句）7.The Active and the Passive Voiced Sentences 主动句和被动句8. Syntactic Schemes of Balance平衡句｛排比句(parallelism)；对偶句(antithesis)；逆转反复句(chiasmus)｝9. Syntactic Schemes of Inversion倒装句10. Syntactic Schemes of Omission 句子的省略｛省略句(ellipsis)；局部省略句(fragmentary elliptical sentence)；连词省略/散珠(asyndeton)；跳脱(aposiopesis)｝11. Syntactic Schemes of Addition or Insertion 添加句｛连词叠用(polysyndeton)；修正法/换语(epanorthosis)；注释法(exegesis)；扩充法(exergasis) ；并列法(apposition) ；插入法(parenthesis)｝12.Syntactic Schemes of Repetition 反复句｛二项式(binomials)；三项式(trinomials)；多项式(catalogues)；首语重复(syntactic anaphora)；尾语重复(syntactic epiphorea)；首尾语重复(syntactic framing)｝13. Syntactic Schemes of Climax and Anti-climax 层进和突降14. Rhetorcal Question 修辞问句15. Apodioxis 断然拒绝16. Apostrophe 顿呼17. Syntactic Schemes with "it" it句18. Existential Sentences 存在句Chapter 2 Lexical Devices1.Lexical optionsShort words or long words 长短词Common words or learned words 普通词和书面词Formal,informal or colloquial words 正式词、非正式词和口语词General or specific words 一般词和特殊词Concrete or abstract words 具体词和抽象词Referential or emotive words 指称词和情感词Choice between synonymous words 近义词的选择2.choice of abbreviationsAcronyms 首字母缩略词ClippingsBlends 混合词3.Lexical repetitionImmediate repetition连接反复Lexical anaphora 首语反复Lexical epistrophe 尾语反复Symploce首尾语反复Anadiplosis链形反复distant or intermitten repetition间隔反复root repetition 词根反复ploce换义反复Chapter 3 Phonetic Devices and Prose Rhythm 1. Phonetic Devices语音词格Alliteration头韵Assonance元韵Consonance 辅韵Homeoteleuton谐缀格Onomatopoeia拟声Combined use of Phonetic Devices2. Prose Rhythm散文节奏Stress重音Pitch语调Pause and tempo停顿和语速Chapter 4 Figures of Speech1.Simile明喻2.Metaphor暗喻3.Analogy类比4.Personification\physicalification拟人\拟物5.Metonymy借代6.Synecdoche提喻7.Antonomasia换称8.Syllepsis一笔双叙9.Zeugma轭式搭配10.Paradox隽语11.Oxymoron矛盾修饰法12.Hyperbole夸张13.Understatement低调陈述14.Euphemism委婉语15.Irony反语16.Innuendo讥讽17.Sarcasm讽刺18.Transferred Epithet 移就19.Pun双关（antanaclasis语音双关；paronomasia语义双关)20.Epigram警句21.synesthesia通感22.palindrome 回文Chapter 5 Allusions典故的来源和改引。
英语文体与修辞复习提纲（2020年整理）.pdf
英语⽂体与修辞复习提纲（2020年整理）.pdfPart OneChapter One Introducing Style1.1 What is Style?1.2 Style as Saying Different Things in Different Contexts1. sentence2. vocabulary1.3 Style as Speakers from Different Background1. social status2. social class3. race4. sex: biological; social5. time1.4 Style as Functions of Texts1. interview2. commentary1.5 The Stylistic Features1. sound features: pun; rhyme; alliteration; elision2. spelling: the elision of certain sounds; alternative pronunciation; mispronunciation; contraction3. words: contexts; nominalized word and their corresponding verbs and adjectives; the same field or domain4. grammar: the manipulation of syntactic structures; the use of parallel structures; sentences with different length and complexity5. meaning: fields; personification; hyprbole / litotes; irony / satireChapter Two Lexicology2.1 Morphemic Devices(qualitative deviation or incongruity & quantitative deviation or deflection)1. Neologism: affixation; compounding; derivation; conversion; blendingnonce words2. Overregularity and High Frequency of Occurrencehomoioteteuton2.2 Lexical Devices1. Selection of WordsFeatures of register: field; tenor; mode2. Classification of WordsRegister and dialectCommoncore words and words used in different varietisDialect: regional / of age, race, profession/ social structure / temporal3. Rhetorical SeriesSimilar in certain aspectsTwo / three / four or more items4. Word ImplicationsExtended, transferred meanings; with emotive colouring (neutral / positive / negative);synonymy (ideational / interpersonal / textual)5. Play with Meaning: Rhetorical DevicesMeaning transference (simile / metaphor / personification / metonymy); Meaning extension and Contraction (hyperbole / litotes or meiosis); Contradiction in Logic (oxymoron / paradox); Meaning Conversion; Play on Homonymy (pun) Chapter Three Grammar3.1 Syntactic Deflection1. The Unexpected High Frequency of OccurrenceLong sentences (vivid, rich, exuberant, luxurious)Short sentences (direct, terse, concise, clear effect or continuous, compact, swift effect)2. The Overregular Use of Certain Patterns or ModelsParallelisms; Antithesis; Chiasmus; Antistrophe; Repetition; Epizeuxis; Ploce3.2 Syntactic Incongruity1. Unusual Syntactic StructuresLoose Sentences; Periodic Sentences; Elliptical Sentences; Inverted Sentences; Rhetorical Questions2. Violation of the Grammatical RulesUngrammatical sentencesChapter Four Phonology and Graphology4.1 Phonology1. Sound and WritingTwo ways of representing the same thing / respective features2. Phonological theoryPhoneme: synaesthesiaIncongruity: phonological transference and elision ( aphesis, syncope, apocope)Sound Pattern: Alliteration; Assonance; Consonance3. SyllableSyllable Deflection: Para-rhyme; Reverse Rhyme; Rhyme (masculine rhyme vs. Feminine rhyme) (end rhyme & internal rhyme)Defeated Expectation4. FootMeter (foot) vs. rhythm (measure)Foot DeflectionMetrical Deviation: change stress; put stress on what should be an unstressed syllable; change the order; reduce the number of feet.Onomatopoeia: synaesthetic5. Tone Group6. Suprasegmental FeaturesStress; Intonation (falling and rising); Pause4.2 Graphology1. Graphological SystemFive ranks: grapheme, words, comma, colon, period.Three factors that can produce graphological prominence: marking, space and sequence2. GraphemePunctuation Marks: period, comma, exclamation marks, quotation marks, parenthesesEllipsis of Punctuation marks3. Ill-spelled words (erroneous spelling)4. Italics5. Spatial ArrangementChapter Five Semantics5.1 Cohesion and Style1. Reference: Personal; Demonstrative; ComparativeExophora (context-bound); Endophora (context-free; anaphora and cataphora)2. Substitution and EllipsisLiveliness; conciseness; terseness3. ConjunctionConjunctions and conjunctive phrases and adverbs4. Lexical Cohesion1) Reiteration: repetition; synonymy; hyponymy; meronymy2) Collocation: provides semantic thread linking the meanings of different sentences and words together5.2 Sentence Groups, Passages and Paragraphs1. Sentence Groups (SG): argumentation; narration; description2. Paragraphs and PassagesParataxis ; hypotaxisIndependent ; surbordinate ; transition3. Patterns of Text StructuresGenerical structure potentialA buying-selling situation: five obligatory elements A job-interview situation: five obligatory elements Fiction Writings: five or six stagesPart Two Practical Style。
英语修辞复习
英语修辞复习修辞复习葵花宝典1. Simile:It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if, seem, as though, like, similar to and such as are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。
这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用 as, as...as, as if, as though, seem, like, similar to 和such as等。
1. He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2. I wandered lonely as a cloud.3. Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.4. The human mind is rather like a camera, but it takes photographs not only of what we see but what we feel, hear, smell and taste.2. Metaphor:Based on Webster’s New World Dictionary, metaphor is defined as “a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which one thing is applied to another.”It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.隐喻不用比喻词，是简缩了的明喻。
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Rhetorical options*1、What is rhetoric?( Definitions of rhetoric)the art or science of communication in words; this art or science practiced or taught as a formal discipline, esp. the doctrine formulated by Aristotle and taught throughout the Middle ages; overornate or ostentatious language. (Longman Modern English Dictionary)2、What’s the purpose of rhetoric?（两种说法）①The prevailing view about the purpose of rhetoric is to express oneself well and to communicate effectively in order to secure a desired result by employing rhetorical means efficiently.②“to enlighten the understanding , to please the imagination, to move the passion ,or to influence the will.” “促进理解、引起想象、调动感情、或者说影响人们的意志” (18世纪苏格兰修辞学家George Campbell）*3、What is discussed in rhetoric?（contents of rhetorical）Rhetoric is composed of theoretical rhetoric and practical rhetoric. Theoretical rhetoric deals with the theoretical problem of rhetoric, while practical rhetoric helps us improve our ability to use the English language effectively.rhetoric covers all the elements of oral and written things, including structure, diction. Rhythm, tone, style, and anything related to the effective use of language.4、The Highest Principles of Rhetoricthe highest principle of rhetoric is to adapt to specific situation, that is, “adaptability”or “appropriateness”.Sentence（syntactic device）1、What is sentence？A sentence is a group of words which expresses a complete thought. Generally, an effective sentence must possess five essential qualities: correctness, clearness, unity, coherence and emphasis.(正确、清楚、统一、连贯、强调）2、句子的组成A sentence must contain a subject and a verb (although one may be implied).①words②correct grammar③meaning3、句子的分类Sentences may be classified according to Grammar or Rhetoric as to meaning and as to form:Grammatical Classification of SentencesI. As to meaning: II. As to Form:1. Declarative Sentence 1. Simple Sentence2. Interrogative Sentence 2. Compound Sentence（并列）3. Imperative Sentence 3. Complex Sentence （复合）4. Exclamatory Sentence 4. Compound –Complex SentenceRhetorical Classification of SentencesIII. As to Arrangement1. Periodic Sentence （圆周句）left-branching sentence2. Loose Sentence（松散句）right-branching sentence3. Balanced Sentence4、The short and long sentence①Short sentences, on the whole, are characterized by their brevity, quick tempo and force. The short sentence is relatively simple in form, clear in grammatical relation, and terse and forceful in style.②Long sentence is relatively complex in form, fully expressive in capacity, and often used in formal style to show one’s complicated mentality or various kinds of relationship of different things.5、the simple，compound and complex sentence①A Simple sentence has only one clause to make a statement, and so it is good for directness and clearness.②The Compound Sentence consists of two or more independent clauses which are of equal status, that is, the clauses are paratactic (parallel; coordinate) in relationship.③The complex sentence makes clear the logical relationship between events or ideas through subordination. Subordinate clauses are named according to their functions.Left-branching sentence(periodic sentence)：*6、the branching sentencesRight-branching sentence（loose sentence）：Left-branching sentence(periodic sentence)：the periodic sentence has its main idea at the end of the sentence.supportive or qualifying information are placed before the main clause or assertion. Right-branching sentence（loose sentence）：in a loose sentence, the main idea is put at the beginning of the sentence,and supportive or qualifying information comes from it.*7、Balanced sentence：When a sentence contains tow parallel clauses similar in structure butcontrasted in meaning,it is balanced sentence.The main ideas are often presented in parallel phrases or clauses.⑴Parallelism排比：the main function of parallelism is to add clarity and coherence to what one wishes to communicate。
⑵Antithesis对比：antithesis is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve force and emphasis。
⑶Chiasmus回文and antimetabole交叉：chiasmus is a device that consists of two balanced statements，the second of which reverses the order of the words in the first，with or without a repetition of words。
For example：①we eat for live，not live for eat。
（here the key words in the first statement are repeated，and reversed in order in the second。