高译教育-北京航空航天大学考研英语翻译基础真题2011
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题2010年_真题-无答案
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题2010年(总分90,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ V ocabularyDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.1. The ______ is used by astrologers to help calculate the influence of the planets on people's lives.A. zephyr B. zodiac C. zyme D. zest2. It's a ______ timetable. Sometimes lessons happen, sometimes they don't.A. haphazard B. odious C. haughty D. handicapped3. The poor man's clothes were so ______ that they couldn't be repaired any more.A. oozed B. ragged C. mopped D. mocked4. The actor amused the audience by ______ some well-known people.A. embroidering B. rigging C. yelping D. mimicking5. No men was allowed to ______ on the livelihood of his neighbor.A. wade B. invoke C. muffle D. infringe6. The machinery had been wrecked so efficiently that police were sure it was a case of ______.A. vagabond B. sabotage C. paradox D. tachyon7. The island is maintained as a ______ for endangered species.A. wetlands B. sanctuary C. mire D. heath8. The hunter kept the lion's skin and head as ______.A. trophies B. fillet C. tulip D. clown9. If you ______ something, such as food or drink, you reduce its quality or make it weaker, for example by adding water to it.A. adulterate B. moor C. vaccinate D. sue10. The orphanage is just one of her ______ causes.A. phonetic B. philanthropic C. prevalent D. lunatic11. Many animals display ______ instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless.A. cerebral B. imperious C. rueful D. maternal12. The guests, having eaten until they were ______, now listened inattentively to the speakers.A. contradicted B. satiated C. griped D. trespassed13. While she had the fever, she ______ for hours.A. raved B. sniggered C. tittered D. perforated14. If you spill hot liquid on your skin it will ______ you.A. scale B. scald C. shun D. shunt15. The mice ______ when the cat came.A. rambled B. lingered C. sauntered D. scampered16. The chimney is no longer ______ volumes of waste gas into atmosphere, as protective filters are being used.A. giving away B. giving off C. giving in D. giving up17. At three o'clock ______ a cold morning, he arrived here.A. in B. at C. on D. of18. I'm sure dirty, ______?A. am I B. aren't I C. isn't I D. am not I19. ______, there is no place like home, wherever you go.A. It may be humble B. As humble it may be C. Humble it may be D. Humble as it may be20. But for his help, I ______.A. did not succeed B. had not succeeded C. should not have succeeded D. have not succeeded21. Try and calm yourself, ______ your mind will be easy again.A. and B. or C. when D. before22. The price of the real estate in this area may ______ to unexpected values, so everyone should be conscious of the maximum price that he would want to pay for a particular property.A. stagger B. stink C. soar D. suspend23. Contrary to popular belief, epidemics do not occur ______ after a natural disaster.A. spontaneously B. simultaneously C. homogeneously D. instantaneously24. Immigration from countries and cultures that are ______ with the cultural core of this nation has been generally prohibited.A. interior B. invisible C. incompatible D. integral25. This course is designed to help children ______ such real life situations as separation and loss.A. cope with B. settle down C. intervene in D. interfere with26. Foreign language teachers of this university are busy designing a test of spoken English to ______ the original written examination.A. contaminate B. compliment C. complement D. coordinate27. Idlers, no matter how poor they are, are always ______ at finding reasons not to take action to improve their living conditions.A. intrinsic B. ingenious C. initial D. inherent28. As the graduation is drawing near, every student began to ______ his future.A. compensate B. contemplate C. jeopardize D. manifest29. Although the resistance groups do not show great military ______, they frequently penetrate deep into the interior.A. prowess B. prowl C. psalm D. psyche30. The Great ______ in the USA is 1900 meters deep and 25 kilometers wide at its maximum.A. Canyon B. Ford C. Abyss D. QuarryPart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Passage TwoHormones in the BodyUp to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control **munication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starting to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning "to excite" or "to set in motion." A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue tomake things happen elsewhere.As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual's personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.In fact, some hormone therapies are already **mon. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) , the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of **plicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.1. To be considered a hormone, a chemical produced in the body must ______.A. be part of the digestive process B. influence the operations of the nervous system C. affect processes in a different part of the body D. regulate attitudes and behavior2. The glands and organs mentioned in paragraph 3 are categorized according to ______.A. whether scientists understand their function B. how frequently they release hormones into the body C. whether the hormones they secrete influence the aging process D. whether they secrete chemicals into the blood3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage.9A. Most moods and actions are not voluntary because they are actuallyproduced by the production of hormones in the body. B. Because the effects of hormones are difficult to measure, scientists remain unsure how far-reaching their effects on moods and actions are. C. When the body is not producing enough hormones, urgent treatment may be necessary to avoid psychological damage. D. The influence of many hormones is not easy to measure, but they can affect both people's psychology and actions extensively.4. Which patients are usually treated with growth hormone.?A. Adults of smaller statue than normal B. Adults with strong digestive systems C. Children who are not at risk from the treatment D. Children who may remain abnormally small5. Which of the following sentences explains the primary goal of hormone replacement therapy.?A. The quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging. B. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. C. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. D. Because of **plicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.Passage ThreeStudents of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as "solitary" and "individual theorists" were in reality connected to a movement—utopian socialism—which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that cachinnated in the first women's rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group's contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two accounts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents' energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians' appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.Saint-Simon's followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. **plementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.6. It can be inferred that the author considers those historians who describe early feminists in the Unrated States as "solitary" to be ______.A. insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century American feminist thought B. overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848 C. not focused narrowly enough in their geo-graphical scope D. insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls conference7. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Seneca Falls conference on women's rights?A. It was primarily a product of nineteenth-century Saint-Simonians feminist thought. B. It was the work of American activists who were independent of feminists abroad. C. It was the culminating achievement of the Utopian socialist movement. D. It was a manifestation of an international movement for social change and feminism.8. The author's attitude toward most European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians is primarily one of ______.A. approval of the specific focus of their research B. disapproval of their lack of attention to the issue that absorbed most of the Saint-Simonians' energy after 1832 C. approval of their general focus on social conditions D. disapproval of their lack of attention to links between the Saint-Simonians and their American counterparts9. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that study of Saint-Simonianism is necessary for historians of American feminism because such study ______.A. would clarify the ideological origins of those feminist ideas that influenced American feminism B. would increase understanding of a movement that deeply influenced the Utopian socialism of early American feminists C. would focus attention on the most important aspect of Saint-Simonians thought before 1532 D. promises to offer insight into a movement that was a direct outgrowth of the Seneca Falls conference of 184510. According to the passage, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?A. A society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive education. B. A society in which the two genders **plementary roles and had equal status. C. A society in which women did not enter public life. D. A social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on the basis of their spiritual power.Section BDirections: There is one passage in this part. The passage is .followed by some questions.The Wright BrothersWilbur and Orville Wright were two brothers from the heartland of America with a vision as sweeping as the sky and a practicality as down-to-earth as the Wright Cycle Co, the bicycle business they founded in Dayton, Ohio, in 1592. But while there were countless bicycle shops in turn-of-the century America, in only one were wings bring built as well as wheels. When the Wright brothers finally realized their vision of powered human flight in 1903, they made the world a forever smaller place. I've been to Kitty Hawk, N. C, and seen where the brothers imagined the future, and then literally flew across its high frontier. It was an inspiration to be there, and to soak up the amazing perseverance and creativity of these two pioneers.The Wright brothers had been fascinated by the idea of flight from an early age. In 1875 their father, a bishop in the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, gave them a flying toy made of cork and bamboo. It had a paper body and was powered by rubber bands. The young boys soon broke the fragile toy, but the memory of its faltering flight across their living room stayed with them. By the mid-1890s Wilbur was reading every book and paper he could find on the still earth-bound science of human flight. And four years before they made history at Kitty Hawk, the brothers built their first, scaled-down flying machine—a pilotless "kite" with a 5-ft. wingspan, and made of wood, wire and cloth. Based on that experiment, Wilbur became convinced that he could build an aircraft that would be "capable of sustaining a man. "When published aeronautical data turned out to be unreliable, the Wright brothers built their own wind tunnel to test airfoils and measure empirically how to lift a flying machine into the sky. They were the first to discover that a long narrow wing shape was the ideal architecture of flight. They figured out how to move the vehicle freely, not just across land, but up and down on a cushion of air. They built a forward elevator to control the pitch of their craft as it nosed up and down. They fashioned a pair of twin rudders in back to control its tendency to yawn from side to side. They devised a pulley system that warped the shape of wings in midflight to turn the plane and to stop it from rolling laterally in air. Recognizing that a propeller isn't like a ship's screw, but becomes, in effect, a rotating wing, they used the data from their wind-tunnel experiments to design the first effective airplane props—a pair of 8-ft, propellers, carved out of laminated spruce, that turned in opposite directions to offset the twisting effect on the machine's structure. And when they discovered that a light-weight gas-powered engine did not exist, they decided to design and build their own. It produced 12 horsepower and weighed only 152 lbs.The genius of Leonardo da Vinci imagined a flying machine, but it took the methodical application of science by these two American bicycle mechanics to create it. The unmanned gliders spawned by their first efforts flew erratically and were at the mercy of any strong gust of wind. But with help from their wind-tunnel, the brothers amassed more data on wing design than anyone before them, compiling tables of computations that are still valid today. And with guidance from this scientific study, they developed the powered 1903 Flyer, a skeletal flying machine of spruce, ash and muslin, with an unmanned weight of just over 600 Ibs.On DeC. 17,1903, with Orville at the controls, the Flyer lifted off shakily from Kitty Hawkand flew 120 ft.—little more than half the wingspan of a Boeing 747-400. That 12-seC. flight changed the world, lifting it to new heights of freedom and giving mankind access to places it had never dreamed of reaching. Although the Wright brother's feat was to transform life in the 20th century, the next day only four newspapers in the U. S. carried news of their achievement—news that was widely dismissed as exaggerated.The Wright brothers gave us a tool, but it was up to individuals and nations to put it to use. The airplane revolutionized both peace and war. It brought families together: once, when a Chile or other close relatives left the old country for America, family and friends mourned for someone they would never see again. Today, the grandchild of that immigrant can return again and again across a vast ocean in just half a turn of the clock. But the airplane also helped tear families apart, by making international warfare an effortless reality.Now, on the eve of another century, who knows where the next Wright brothers will be found, in what grade of school they're studying, or in what garage they're inventing the next Flyer of the information age. Our mission is to make sure that wherever they are, they have the chance to run their own course, to persevere and follow their own inspiration. We have to understand that engineering breakthroughs are not just mechanical or scientific—they are liberating forces that can continually improve people's lives. Who would have thought, as the 20th century opened, that one of its greatest contributions **e from two obscure, fresh-faced young Americans who pursued the utmost bounds of human thought and gave us all, for the first time, the power literally to sail beyond the sunset.The 20th century has been the American Century in large part because of great inventors such as the Wright brothers. May we follow their flight paths and blaze our own in the 21st century. 1. What great difficulties did the Wright Brothers **e while building an aircraft that would be "capable of sustaining a man"?2. What quality of the Wright Brothers impresses you most? Illustrate it briefly with an example.3. What's the purpose of this article? What is the tone of the passage?Part Ⅲ WritingDirections: Please write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic1. Translation and Interpreting in the Global Age。
2010年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题汇编
2010年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题汇编各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。
第1卷：基础英语Part 1: Grammar and V ocabulary. （30 POINTS）01. The ____ is used by astrologers to help calculate the influence of the planets on people’s lives.A. zephyrB. zodiacC. zymeD. zest02. It’s a ____ timetable. Sometimes lessons happen, sometimes they don’t.A. haphazardB. odiousC. haughtyD. handicapped03. The poor man’s clothes were so ____ that they couldn’t be repaired any more.A. oozedB. raggedC, moppedD. mocked04. The actor amused the audience by ____ some well-known people.A. embroideringB. riggingC. yelpingD. mimicking05. No men were allowed to ____ on the livelihood of his neighbor.A. wadeB. invokeC. muffleD. infringe06. The machinery had been wrecked so efficiently that police were sure it was a case of____.A. vagabondB. sabotageC. paradoxD. Tachyon07. The island is maintained as a ____ for endangered species.A. wetlandsB. sanctuaryC. mireD . heath08. The hunter kept the lion’s skin and head as____.A. trophiesB. filletC. tulipD. clown09. If you ____ something, such as food or drink, you reduce its quality or make it weaker, for example by adding water to it.A. adulterateB. moorC. vaccinateD. sue10. The orphanage is just one of her ____ causes.A. phoneticB. philanthropicC. prevalentD. lunatic11. Many animals display ____ instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless.A. cerebralB. imperiousC. ruefulD. maternal12. The guests, having eaten until they were ____, now listened inattentively to the speakers.A. contradictedB. satiatedC. gripedD. trespassed13. While she had the fever, she ____ for hours.A. ravedB. sniggeredC. titteredD. perforated14. If you spill hot liquid on your skin it will ____ you.A. scaleB. scaldC. shunD. shunt15. The mice ____ when the cat came.A. rambledB. lingeredC. saunteredD. scampered16. The chimney is no longer ____ volumes of waste gas into atmosphere, as protective filters are being used.A. giving awayB. giving offC. giving inD. giving up17. At three o’clock ____ a cold morning, he arrived here.A. inB. atC. onD. of18. I’m sure dirty, ____?A. am IB. aren’t IC. isn’t ID. am not I19. ____, there is no place like home, wherever you go.A. It mav be humbleB. As humble it may beC. Humble it may beD. Humble as it may be20. But for his help, I ____.A. did not succeedB. had not succeededC. should not have succeededD. have not succeeded21. Try and calm yourself, ____ your mind will be easy again.A. andB. orC. whenD. before22. The price of the real estate in this area may ____ to unexpected values, so everyone should be conscious of the maximum price that he would want to pay for a particular property.A. staggerB. stinkC. soarD. suspend23. Contrary to popular belief, epidemics do not occur ____ after a natural disaster.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. homogeneouslyD. instantaneously24. Immigration from countries and cultures that are ____ with the cultural core of this nation has been generally prohibited.A. interiorB. invisibleC. incompatibleD. integral25. This course is designed to help children ____ such real life situations as separation and loss.A. cope withB. settle downC. intervene inD. interfere with26. Foreign language teachers of this university are busy designing a test of spoken English to ____ the original written examination.A. contaminateB. complimentC. complementD. Coordinate27. Idlers, no matter how poor they are, are always ____ at finding reasons not to take action to improve their living conditions.A. intrinsicB. ingeniousC. initialD. inherent28. As the graduation is drawing near, every student began to ____ his future.A. compensateB. contemplateC. jeopardizeD. manifest29. Although the resistance groups do not show great military ____, they frequently penetrate deep into the interior.A. prowessB. prowlC. psalmD. psyche30. The Great ____ in the USA is 1900 meters deep and 25 kilometers wide at its maximum.A. CanyonB. FordC. AbyssD. QuarryPart 2: Reading Comprehension. （30 POINTS）Passage A“When more and more people are thrown out of work, unemployment results,”Calvin Coolidge once observed. As the U.S. economy crumbles, Coolidge’s silly maxim might appear to be as apt as ever: the number of unemployment insurance claims is rising, and overall joblessness is creeping upward. But in today’s vast andcomplex labor market, things aren’t always what they seem. More and more people are indeed losing their jobs but not necessarily because the economy appears to be in recession. And old-fashioned unemployment isn’t the inevitable result of job loss. New work, at less pay, often is.Call it new-wave unemployment: structural changes in the economy are overlapping the business downturn, giving joblessness a grim new twist. Small wonder that the U.S. unemployment rate is rising. Now at 5.7 percent, it is widely expected to edge toward 7 percent by the end of next year. But statistics alone can’t fully capture a complex reality. The unemployment rate has been held down by slow growth in the labor force —the number of people working or looking for work—since few people sense attractive job opportunities in a weak economy. In addition, many more people are losing their jobs than are actually ending up unemployed. Faced with hungry mouths to feed, thousands of women, for example, are taking two or more part-time positions or agreeing to shave the hours they work in service-sector jobs. For better and for worse, work in America clearly isn’t what it used to be. Now unemployment isn’t, either.Like sour old wine in new bottles, this downturn blends a little of the old and the new reflecting a decade’s worth of change in the dynamic U.S. economy. Yet, in many respects the decline is following the classic pattern, with new layoffs concentrated among blue-collar workers in the most “cyclical”industries, whose ups and downs track the economy most closely.As the downturn attracts attention on workers’ill fortunes, some analysts predict that political upheaval may lie ahead. Real wages for the average U.S. worker peaked in 1973 and have been falling almost ever since. As a result, a growing group of downwardly mobile Americans could soon begin pressing policymakers to help produce better-paying jobs. Just how loud the outcrv becomes will depend partly on the course of the recession. But in the long run, there’s little doubt that the bleak outlook for jobs and joblessness is “politically, socially and psychologically dynamite”.01. Why does the author refer to Coolidge’s maxim as silly? ____A. More and more people are applying for unemployment insurance.B. Unemployment rate is not likely to rise quickly nowadays.C. Losing jobs doesn’t necessarily lead to unemployment.D. Today’s labor market is much too complicated than Coolidge’s time.02. According to the passage, the unemployment rate has been kept under limits because ____.A. the number of the people in the work force slowly increasesB. very few people really lose their original jobsC. less and less people are out finding new jobsD. the government has taken strong measures to control the unemployment rate03. According to the passage, under the great pressure of life, many women ____.A. will do a part-time job along with the full-time jobB. would rather stay at home than apply for a part-time positionC. would be fired if they cannot finish the job quicklyD. will agree to have their working hours shortened if required04. The present downturn is similar to traditional ones in that ____.A. we can never predict which way the economy will headB. the economic prospects have been unfavorable for 1 0 yearsC. the government has done relatively little to intervene the marketD. physical laborers are the chief victims of the economic decline.05. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? ____A. Blue-collar workers are given less and less wages in recent years.B. The unemployment problem may lead to serious social problems.C. The unemployment problem will probably become less serious in no time.D. The government will create more jobs with better pay in the near future. Passage BUp to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when foodenters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite”or “to set in motion.”A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands(which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals cansuppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment as also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of his new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and familyphysicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.01. To be considered a hormone, a chemical produced in the body must ____.A. be part of the digestive processB. influence the operations of the nervous systemC. affect processes in a different part of the bodyD. regulate attitudes and behavior02. The glands and organs mentioned in paragraph 3 are categorized according to ____.A. whether scientists understand their functionB. how frequently they release hormones into the bodyC. whether the hormones they secrete influence the aging processD. whether they secrete chemicals into the blood03. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? ____A. Most moods and actions are not voluntary because they are actually produced by the production of hormones in the body.B. Because the effects of hormones are difficult to measure, scientists remain unsure how far-reaching their effects on moods and actions are.C. When the body is not producing enough hormones, urgent treatment may be necessary to avoid psychological damage.D. The influence of many hormones is not easy to measure, but they can affect both people’s psychology and actions extensively.04. Which patients are usually treated with growth hormone? ____A. Adults of smaller statue than normalB. Adults with strong digestive systemsC. Children who are not at risk from the treatmentD. Children who may remain abnormally small05.Which of the following sentences explains the primary goal of hormone replacement therapy? ____A. The quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.B. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age.C. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form.D. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.Passage CStudents of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary”and “individual theorists”were in reality connected to a movement —utopian socialism—which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied thanthe group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two accounts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians’appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.01. It can be inferred that the author considers those historians who describe earlyfeminists in the Unrated States as “solitary”to be ____.A. insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century American feminist thoughtB. overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848C. not focused narrowly enough in their geo-graphical scopeD. insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls conference02. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Seneca Falls conference on women’s rights? ____A. It was primarily a product of nineteenth-century Saint-Simonian feminist thought.B. It was the work of American activists who were independent of feminists abroad.C. It was the culminating achievement of the Utopian socialist movement.D. It was a manifestation of an international movement for social change and feminism03. The author’s attitude toward most European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians is primarily one of ____.A. approval of the specific focus of their researchB. disapproval of their lack of attention to the issue that absorbed most of the Saint-Simonians’energy after 1832C. approval of their general focus on social conditionsD. disapproval of their lack of attention to links between the Saint-Simonians and their American counterparts04. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that study of Saint-Simonianism is necessary for historians of American feminism because such study ____.A. would clarify the ideological origins of those feminist ideas that influenced American feminismB. would increase understanding of a movement that deeply influenced the Utopian socialism of early American feministsC. would focus attention on the most important aspect of Saint-Simonian thought before 1832D. promises to offer insight into a movement that was a direct outgrowth of the Seneca Falls conference of 184805. According to the passage, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians? ____A. A society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive education.B. A society in which the two genders played complementary roles and had equal status.C. A society in which women did not enter public life.D. A social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on the basis of their spiritual power.Part 3: Answering Questions. （10 POINTS）Wilbur and Orville Wright were two brothers from the heartland of America with a vision as sweeping as the sky and a practicality as down-to-earth as the Wright Cycle Co., the bicycle business they founded in Dayton, Ohio, in 1892. But while there were countless bicycle shops in turn-of-the-century America, in only one were wings bring built as well as wheels. When the Wright brothers finally realized their vision of powered human flight in 1903, they made the world a forever smaller place. I’ve been to Kitty Hawk, N.C, and seen where the brothers imagined the future, and then literally flew across its high frontier. It was an inspiration to be there, and to soak up the amazing perseverance and creativity of these two pioneers.The Wright brothers had been fascinated by the idea of flight from an early age. In 1878 their father, a bishop in the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, gave them a flying toy made of cork and bamboo. It had a paper body and was powered by rubber bands. The young boys soon broke the fragile toy, but the memory of its faltering flight across their living room stayed with them. By the mid-1890s Wilbur was reading every book and paper he could find on the still earth-bound science of human flight. And four years before they made history at Kitty Hawk, the brothers built their first, scaled-down flying machine—a pilotless “kite”with a 5-ft. wingspan, and made of wood, wire and cloth. Based on that experiment, Wilbur became convinced that he could build an aircraft that would be “capable of sustaining a man.”When published aeronautical data turned out to be unreliable, the Wright brothers built their own wind tunnel to test airfoils and measure empirically how to lift a flying machine into the sky. They were the first to discover that a long narrow wing shapewas the ideal architecture of flight. They figured out how to move the vehicle freely, not just across land, but up and down on a cushion of air. They built a forward elevator to control the pitch of their craft as it nosed up and down. They fashioned a pair of twin rudders in back to control its tendency to yawn from side to side. They devised a pulley system that warped the shape of wings in midflight to turn the plane and to stop it from rolling laterally in air. Recognizing that a propeller isn’t like a ship’s screw, but becomes, in effect, a rotating wing, they used the data from their wind-tunnel experiments to design the first effective airplane props—a pair of 8-ft, propellers, carved out of laminated spruce, that turned in opposite directions to offset the twisting effect on the machine’s structure. And when they discovered that a light-weight gas-powered engine did not exist, they decided to design and build their own. It produced 12 horsepower and weighed only 152 lbs.The genius of Leonardo da Vinci imagined a flying machine, but it took the methodical application of science by these two American bicycle mechanics to create it. The unmanned gliders spawned by their first efforts flew erratically and were at the mercy of any strong gust of wind. But with help from their wind, tunnel, the brothers amassed more data on wing design than anyone before them, compiling tables of computations that are still valid today. And with guidance from this scientific study, they developed the powered 1903 Flyer, a skeletal flying machine of spruce, ash and muslin, with an unmanned weight of just over 600 lbs.On Dec: 17, 1903, with Orville at the controls, the Flyer lifted off shakily from KittyHawk and flew 120 ft.—little more than half the wingspan of a Boeing 747-400. That 12-sec. flight changed the world, lifting it to new heights of freedom and giving mankind access to places it had never dreamed of reaching. Although the Wright brothers’feat was to transform life in the 20th century, the next day only four newspapers in the U. S. carried news of their achievement—news that was widely dismissed as exaggerated.The Wright brothers gave us a tool, but it was up to individuals and nations to put it to use. The airplane revolutionized both peace and war. It brought families together: once, when a Chile or other close relatives left the old country for America, family and friends mourned for someone they would never see again. Today, the grandchild of that immigrant can return again and again across a vast ocean in just half a turn of the clock. But the airplane also helped tear families apart, by making international warfare an effortless reality.Now, on the eve of another century, who knows where the next Wright brothers will be found, in what grade of school they’re studying, or in what garage they’re inventing the next Flyer of the information age. Our mission is to make sure that wherever they are, they have the chance to run their own course, to persevere and follow their own inspiration. We have to understand that engineering breakthroughs are not just mechanical or scientific—they are liberating forces that can continually improve people’s lives. Who would have thought, as the 20th century opened, that one of its greatest contributions would come from two obscure, fresh-faced young Americans who pursued the utmost bounds of human thought and gave us all, for the first time,the power literally to sail beyond the sunset.The 20th century has been the American Century in large part because of great inventors such as the Wright brothers. May we follow their flight paths and blaze our own in the 21st century.QuestionsWhat great difficulties did the Wright Brothers overcome while building an aircraft that would be “capable of sustaining a man”? What quality of the Wright Brothers impresses you most? Illustrate it briefly with an example. What’s the purpose of this article? What is the tone of the passage?Part 4: Writing. （30 POINTS）Please write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic: Translation and Interpreting in the Global Age.2014年考研专业课复习安排及方法问题一：专业课复习的复习进度及内容安排回答一：专业课的复习通常在9月或者更早就要开始了，集中复习一般放在11月－12月左右。
2011年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇说明性的文章，主要讨论了互联网上的身份验证问题。
作者首先提出，由于网络用户的匿名现象带来的隐私泄露和网络犯罪问题，然后针对这些问题介绍了一种称为“自愿信任身份识别”系统的解决方法，并对这种方法做了评述。
二、试题解析1.【答案】A【解析】本题目考生需要关注两点：（1）空格前的主语（2）空格后的介词短语。
鉴于此，考生需要从四个选项中选出一个不及物动词，能与空格前的主语that（指代the explosion of cyber crime 网络犯罪的激增）构成主谓逻辑，并与空格后的介词短语across the Web 构成动宾逻辑。
A 项swept（打扫，席卷）可以做不及物动词，并能与空前的主语和空后的介词短语构成顺畅的逻辑关系，即在文中表示“匿名制是造成网络犯罪席卷互联网的原因”，故A为正确答案。
B 项skip 意为“跳过，掠过”；C 项walk 意为“走，步行”；D 项ride 意为“骑，乘，驾”虽可做不及物动词，但与空前主语和空后介词短语不构成完整的主谓搭配和动宾搭配，都是干扰项。
2.【答案】C【解析】本题目考生需要重点关注空格后的状语从句，状语从句引导词的选择主要考虑从句与主句之间的语意关系。
空格所在句子的主句是privacy be preserved（隐私得以保护），从句是省略了主语和助动词的bringing safety andsecurity to the world（带来网络世界的安全），由此可以推断本句是要表达“在给世界带来安全保障的同时，隐私是否能够得以保护呢？”，C 项while 意为“在……的同时，当……的时候”，可以表示伴随关系，故为正确答案。
A 项for 表示因果关系；B 项within 表示“在……里面，不超出”；D 项though 表示让步关系；在搭配上与doing并无典型用法，此外带入空格，整个句子逻辑也很不通顺，故为干扰选项。
2011年北京航空航天大学英语专业英美文学真题试卷_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2011年北京航空航天大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分52, 做题时间90分钟)1. 名词解释1.Waiting for GodotSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Waiting for Godot is an absurdist play by Samuel Beckett,in which two characters, Vladimir and Estragon, wait endlessly and in vain for someone named Godot to arrive.2.Harlem renaissanceSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Harlem renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned 1920s and 1930s. At the time, it was known as " New Negro Movement". It was a burst of literary achievement by Negro playwrights, poets, and novelists who presented new insights into American experience and prepared the way for the emergence of numerous black writers after mid-twentieth century.3.AntagonistSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Antagonist is a person, or a group of people who oppose the main character. The antagonist may also represent a major threat or obstacle to the main character by their very existence, without necessarily deliberately targeting him or her.4.Comedy of mannersSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Comedy of manners is a genre of play or novel which satirizes the manners and affectations of a social class, often represented by stock characters, such as the miles gloriosus in ancient times, the fop and the rake during the Restoration. The plot of a comedy, often concerned with scandal, is generally less important than its witty dialogue. A great writer of comedy of manners is Oscar Wilde, who writes the famous play The Importance of Being Earnest.5.Blank verseSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Blank verse is the poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. It has been described as "probably the **mon and influential form that English poetry has taken since the sixteenth century".2. 翻译题1.Please translate the following English into Chinese, and payattention to its literary quality.It was New Year"s Night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep blue sky, where the stars were floating like white lilies on the surface of a clear calm lake. Then he cast them on the earth, where few more hopeless people than himself now moved towards their certain goal—the tomb. He had already passed sixty of the stages leading to it, and he had brought from his journey nothing but errors and remorse. Now his health was poor, his mind vacant, his heart sorrowful, and his old age short of comforts.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：新年之夜。
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案
北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案
北京航空航天大学（回忆）
翻译硕士英语
一、三十个选择题
一少半时关于单词的还有几道语法题单词不难但是挺杂的建议大家平时专四专八的单词都看看。
二、阅读理解
一共四篇三篇选择一篇回答问题，问答那篇是关于石油的问石油是怎么形成的之类的，文章里都可以找到!那三篇选择有一个是关于一个作家的简介剩下两个记不清了，比较难都不过时间很充分需要仔细阅读。
三、作文
题目是professinal translation in21st century
英语翻译基础
一、翻译术语解释
三十个都在北航指定书目里只要肯背就行，大家可以去北航网站上找谭载喜主译的翻译研究字典还有他的英文版
二、翻译
四段翻译。
英译汉是一篇是关于美国教育改革的，另一篇是关于科技农业的汉译英很给力第一篇是关于“给力”这个词出现在人民日报上的反响另一篇是关于航空展览馆建立的新闻四篇翻译都有难度，汉译英相对简单点儿，尤其是科技农业那篇英译汉比较复杂。
汉语百科知识
一、选择
很杂关于成语，选句填空，经济，政治，之类的一共三十个这个具体的记不清了
二、小作文
写一封求职信，要求求职单位和姓名自拟，但格式必须完整
三、大作文
论读书写一篇议论文，多看看林语堂的东西差不多也就写的出来了。
2012年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷
2012年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：98.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Vocabulary(总题数：29，分数：58.00)1.The doctor______a medicine for my headache.（分数：2.00）A.subscribedB.describedC.prescribed √D.inscribed解析：解析：句意：医生给我开了治头疼的药。
prescribe开处方，给医嘱。
subscribe捐赠；签署；题名。
describe描述，描写。
inscribe雕刻；题写。
2.This song______his life"s dream and ardent love of life.（分数：2.00）A.incorporatedB.initiatedC.exposedD.embodied √解析：解析：句意：这首歌表达了他的梦想以及对生活的热爱。
expose表达，显示；揭露，揭发。
incorporate 包含；吸收。
initlate发起，始创。
embody表现，象征；包含。
3.It is said that the reconstruction of the Grand Theatre is a______project of Shanghai government this year.（分数：2.00）A.prestigeB.superiorityC.priority √D.publicity解析：解析：句意：据说今年上海市对大剧院的重建工作是一项优先工程。
priority优先，优先考虑的事情。
prestige威信，威望。
superiority优越性，优等。
publicity公开；宣传；广告。
4.Such a toy with musical sounds and animal noises will______any young child.（分数：2.00）A.dismayB.astonishC.fascinate √D.perplex解析：解析：句意：这样一个能发出音乐和动物叫声的玩具娃娃将吸引所有的小孩。
2011高翻英汉互译(同传)
2011北外高翻英汉互译（同传）一、It is not a coincidence 巧合，符合，一致that the global economy is experiencing the most severe严重的case 实情，情况of unemployment失业，失业率during the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. Unemployment is highly dependent on 依靠的，依赖的，取决于，，，的economic activity活动，活力; in fact, growth and unemployment can be thought of as two sides of the same coin硬币: when economic activity is high, more production happens overall总体的，全面的, and more people are needed to produce the higher amount of goods and services. And when economic activity is low, firms cut jobs and unemployment rises. In that sense, unemployment is countercyclical反周期的, meaning that it rises when economic growth is low and vice versa.反之亦然2011.5.12 12:50全球正经历这自大萧条以来最严重的经济危机，与此同时失业率也居高不下。
这两者休戚相关。
经济增长和失业率就像一枚硬币上的两面一样，相互影响。
失业率的降低依赖于经济的活力的增加。
经济增长快经济活动频繁时，人们需要更多的产品，需要更多的劳动力生产产品或提供劳务。
北京航空航天大学2010年MTI英语翻译基础答案
北京航空航天大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题英语翻译基础考生注意：所有答案务必书写在考场提供的答题纸上，写在本试题单上的答题一律无效（本题单不参与阅卷）。
第一部分：将下列术语翻译成中文，并用中文简单解释（本题共15分，每一题1分）。
1.Corpus语料库mission委托3.Adequacy充分性pensation补偿5.Direct translation直接翻译6.Dubbing配音7.Terminology术语8.Transliteration音译9.FIT国际译联10.Addition增加11.Sublanguage子语言12.Translatability可译性13.MT机器翻译14.Version版本15.Transcription注音第二部分：将下列术语翻译成英文，并用英文简单解释（本题共15分，每一题1分）。
1.重写rewritng2.翻译单位translation unit3.地道翻译idiomatic translation4.词对词翻译word-for-word translation5.对应correspondence6.工具型翻译instrumental translation7.归化domestication8.回译back-translation9.会议传译conference interpreting10.伪翻译pseudo translation11.经纪人agent12.可接受性acceptability13.目的语goal language14.受控语言controlled language15.文体对等stylistic eqivalence第三部分：英译汉（本题共60分，第一段25分，第二段25分）。
1Even discussions of architectural esthetics have taken a strange turn.The Bloomberg Tower is now finished,dominating the skyline in one area of midtown manhattan;love it or hate it,it's quite a building."I just wish it wasn't so tall", someone lamented at dinner.The citizens of New York,who live in the spiritual home of the skyscraper,now fear the office tower and the high-rise. In San Francisco they build structures that are earth-quakeproof.But there's no structural steel,no reinforced foundation, that can ward off fear.It's been nearly five years since an area in the southernmost part of Manhattan was renamed Ground Zero.On September 11,2001,New York became a city of survivors.That's on a sliding scale,of course:it would be an insult to claim otherwise.今天，对于建筑美学的讨论也发生了变化。
2011年北京航空航天大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc
2011年北京航空航天大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷(总分：18.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、简答题(总题数：9，分数：18.00)1.What are the main branches of linguistics? Please identify three branches and explain them briefly.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.The following sentences may have more than one reading. Would you please disambiguate them and state your reasons?(1)The chicken is too hot to eat.(2)Flying planes can be dangerous.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.What is the difference between literal language and figurative language? Please give concrete examples to elaborate your points.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Could the sentence "As the night fell, the wind rose" be alternatively expressed as "As the wind rose, the night fell"? Why or why not? Does this indicate a degree of non-arbitrariness about word order?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.What are some important contributions that sociolinguistics has made to language teaching?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.What is construal in cognitive linguistics? Please give examples to elaborate its different dimensions.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Read the following paragraph and list all the function words, including all forms of be. Give the percentage of function words in this paragraph.She was a small woman, old and wrinkled. When she started washing for us, she was already past seventy. Most Jewish women of her age were sickly, weak, broken in body. But this washwoman, small and thin as she was, possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant ancestors. Mother would count out to her a bag of laundry that had accumulated over several weeks. She would lift the heavy bag, load it on her narrow shoulders, and carry it the long way home.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.What different forms of sound patterning can you find in the following stanza of the poem "Easter Wings" by George Herbert(1593-1663)?Lord, who createdst man in wealth and store,Though foolishly he lost the same,Decaying more and more,Till he becameMost poore;With theeO let me riseAs larks, harmoniously,And sing this day thy victories;Then shall the fall further the flight in me.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.Analyze the following text from the semantic point of view. Explain whether it is justifiable "To call me colored"? Colored Dear White Fella You White FellaCouple things you should know —When you born, you pink When I born, I black When you grow up, you whiteWhen I grow up, I black When you go in sun, you redWhen I go in sun, I black When you cold, you blueWhen I cold, 1 black When you scared you yellowWhen I sacred, 1 black When you sick, you greenWhen I sick, I black And when you die you greyWhen I die—I still black And you have the cheek To call me colored?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
北京航空航天大学2011二外英语
北京航空航天大学2011年二外英语考研真题Part I Fill in the blanks with appropriate words or phrases given. (10％，0.5 point for each)1. Only when he returned from the exchange program _______how much he enjoyed it.A) he realized B) he had realized C) did he realize D) as he realized2. ______you are a college student, you should learn to be independent of your parents‟ help.A) Even though B) The moment C) Provided that D) Now that3. You can‟t go out because it is a stor my night; _______, your homework hasn‟t been done.A) anyhow B) moreover C) nevertheless D) therefore4. Many young people left their hometown for big cities ______better jobs.A) in favor of B) in charge of C) in search of D) in honor of5. Why not get some work experience first ______go straight on to university?A) as for B) other than C) rather than D) instead of6. There ______be any difficulty in passing the oral test since you have practiced a lot in school.A) mustn‟t B) shan‟t C) shouldn‟t D) needn‟t7. —You were not listening; what troubled you?—I ________my coming math exam.A) am thinking about B) was thinking aboutC) had thought about D) will think about8. In some people‟s opinions, the ______powerful the country becomes, the_____ pleasant it is to live in.A) most; fewer B) more; fewer C) more; less D) most; less9. Walter offered a lift when he was leaving the office, but _______our work we turned down the offer.A) not having finished B) not finished C) finished D) having finished10. So many uses have been discovered of this wood _____the supply of this special tree isbecoming smaller and smaller.A) then B) what C) that D) which11. With no central government, the island was ruled by kings, ______a different region of thecountry.A) each controlling B) each controlledC) each to control D) each was controlling12. Mutin Van Buren was the eighth President of the United States and the first_____ nativelanguage was not English but Dutch.A) that B) whose C) which D) where13. If he ______consider the problem again, he might get a correct conclusion.A) can B) should C) would D) might14. A dictionary that size has ______words than you need and it's not so handy.A) much more B) many more C) many D) a great deal of15. What is ______attracts you most when you paid a visit to Beijing the other day?A) it which B) that that C) it that D) that which16. With a lot of difficult problems _______, the manager felt a heavy burden taken off his mind.A) settled B) to be settled C) settling D) to settle17. Over 80 percent of the population of China ______ peasants.A) was B) is C) would be D) are18. John shut everybody out of the kitchen______ he could prepare his grand surprise for theparty.A) which B) when C) so that D) as if19. _______today, he would get there by Sunday.A) Would he leave B) Was he leaving C) Were he to leave D) If he leave20. The next morning she found the man _____in bed, dead.A) lying B) lie C) lay D) layingPart II Choose the word or phrase from the four choices given which is most appropriate to complete the sentence. (15％，1 point for each)21. Last year the advertising race ______by 20 percent.A) raised B) aroused C) arose D) rose22. —How much is the T-shirt_______?—65 dollars.A) worth B) cost C) worthy D) paid23. Remember that customers don‟t ______about prices in that city.A) debate B) consult C) dispute D) bargain24. They blamed the failure on George. Actually, he______.A) is not to blame B) interestingC) is not to be blamed D) should not blame25. Surely it doesn't matter where the students associations get their money from; what _______iswhat they do with it.A) applies B) stresses C) counts D) functions26. Sorry, sir, if my bike doesn‟t_______, I won‟t be late for school again.A) work out B) come across C) put off D) break down27. The manager said that they had an ________plan if the plan they had submitted was notaccepted.A) alternate B) alternative C) absolute D) appreciable28. Maria is a______ person and never makes any unreasonable demands.A) sensitive B) sensible C) obedient D) jealous29. Violent programs on television may have a bad ____on children.A) affection B) pressure C) influence D) control30. One-room schoolhouses can still be found in ______areas where there are no other schools formany miles.A) disposed B) deserted C) isolated D) abandoned31. I‟m afraid you have no _____but to come along with us.A) possibility B) permission C) choice D) selection32. The first thought after Charles ______a little from his surprise was to get away.A) returned B) absorbed C) dissolved D) recovered33. Japan has to employ an increasing number of overseas workers because there is no easysolution to its labor_______.A) decline B) rarity C) vacancy D) shortage34. The two dogs started to fight, so we tried to _____ them.A) split B) separate C) tear D) divide35. The rapidly growing birth rate brings about a lot of environmental problems, which thegovernment is supposed to take______.A) significantly B) severely C) earnestly D) seriouslyPart III Reading Comprehension. (30％，2 points for each)ALike many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve. What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are catalysts(催化剂) for change. They have a vision from tile mountain top. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther, King, Jr., we might still have segregated buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.36. Although heroes may come from different cultures, they _____.A) generally posses certain inspiring characteristicsB) probably share some weaknesses of ordinary peopleC) are often influenced by previous generationsD) all unknowingly attract a large number of fans37. According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that ______.A) they have a vision from the mountaintopB) they have a warm feelings and emotionsC) they can serve as concrete examples of noble principlesD) they can make people feel stronger and more confident38. Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because _____.A) they are popular only among certain groups of peopleB) their performances do not improve their fans morallyC) their primary concern is their own financial interestsD) they are not clear about the principles they should follow39. Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who ______.A) are good at demonstrating their charming charactersB) can move the masses with their forceful speechesC) are capable of meeting all challenges and hardshipsD) can provide an answer to the problems of their people40. The author concludes that historical changes would _____.A) be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualitiesB) not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrificesC) take place if there were heroes to lead the peopleD) produce leaders with attractive personalitiesBThe decline in moral standards—which has long concerned social analysts—has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.The fact the ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation‟s moral climate, says this ethics(伦理学)professor at the University of Chicago, is reasonable to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Mateirialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. “The thought tha t …I‟m in it for me‟ has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness.” Ms. Elshtain says.Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today‟s greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S.. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament (挽歌) for some nonexistent “g olden age,” Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful(一厢情愿的)longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that can‟t be bought.”41. Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans _____.A) have adapted to a new set of moral standardsB) are longing for the return of the good old daysC) have realized the importance of material thingsD) are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards42. The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by _____.A) its growing wealthB) the self-centeredness of individualsC) underestimating the impact of social changesD) the prejudice against women and minorities43. Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?A) Great mobility.B) Concern for one‟s neighborsC) Emphasis on individual effort.D) Ever-weakening social bonds.44. In the 1950s, classroom violence ______.A) was something unheard ofB) was by no means a rare occurrenceC) attracted a lot of public attentionD) began to appear in analysts‟ data45. According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed _____.A) if people can return to the “golden age”B) when women and men enjoy equal rightsC) when people rid themselves of prejudiceD) if less emphasis is laid on material thingsCThe process of perceiving other people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly—perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others. P articularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person‟s behavior with the known others‟ behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person‟s responses to specific stimuli: asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her: and listing various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-questions, self-disclosures(自我表露), and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won‟t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e. g. , secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as the things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosures and truthful statements).46. The word “pinpoint” (Line 3, Para. 1) basically means______.A) appreciate B) obtain C) interpret D) identify47. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A) People are better described in cold, objective terms.B) The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated.C) One should not judge people by their appearances.D) One is usually subjective when assessing other people‟s personality.48. It can be inferred from Berger‟s suggestions that_____.A) people do not reveal their true self on every occasionB) in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directlyC) the best way to know a person is by making comparisonsD) face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person49. In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the author‟s opinion, are____.A) personal matters that should be seriously dealt withB) barriers that should be done away withC) as significant as disclosures and truthful statementsD) things people should guard against50. The author‟s purpose in writing the passage is______.A) to give advice on appropriate conduct for social occasionsB) to provide ways of how to obtain information about occasionsC) to call the reader‟s attention to the negative side of people‟s charactersD) to discuss the various aspects of getting to know peoplePart IV Complete the 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, four choices are given. (20％，1 point for each)Ron Bricker worked in a steel mill until he got laid off. It looked 51 he would never get his old job 52 . Steel companies in the United States 53 doing as much business as they 54 to do. People weren‟t buying as many American cars, so 55 steel was being used. Times were 56 . Mr. Bricker decided to try 57 trade. So, in l983 he went to a computer school: One day President Reagan 58 the school. Mr. Bricker asked the President to 59 him get a new job. The President did. Mr. Bricker 60 a job fixing computers. He went 61 television and told everyone how the President had helped him.There was one big 62 , however, Mr. Bricker didn‟t really like his new job. It was better than 63 , but he wasn‟t happy. The new job 64 only half as much as Mr. Bricker had 65 working in the steel mill. Every day he 66 for his old job back. Then he quit the job the President had helped him get. 67 with computers just wasn‟t for him. He planned to get a job 68 a 51. A) if B) as ifC) as D) whether52. A) in B) backC) on D) forth53. A) weren‟t B) aren‟tC) wasn‟t D) hadn‟t been54. A) accustomed B) happenedC) seemed D) used55. A) more B) lessC) much D) little56. A) tough B) seriousC) rough D) uneasy57. A) other B) moreC) another D) next58.A) called B) cameC) visited D) phoned59. A) have B) helpC) make D) let60. A) wanted B) gotC) received D) gained61. A) in B) intoC) with D) on62. A) thing B) problemC) issue D) question63. A) anything B) everythingC) nothing D) something64. A) sent B) affordedC) paid D) earned65. A) made B) broughtC) taken D) accepted66. A) dreamed B) arrangedC) desired D) wishedtruck. But he didn‟t need to go. 69 were getting better. The steel mill called. They 70 Ron Bricker again.67. A) Working B) DoingC) Meeting D) Conducting68. A) driving B) ridingC) moving D) opening69. A) Matters B) YearsC) Days D) Things70. A) cried B) demandedC) needed D) phonedPart V Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (15％，3 points for each)71. Web 2.0 is a term that may not sound like that much—after all, the internet, what could becalled “web 1.0” has now been around for nearly two decades, and its effects on our personal and professional lives has already been profound.72. But are these changes just the tip of the iceberg? Will the radical new formats and approachesthat characterize Web 2.0 revolutionize our working habits even more profoundly than the original invention of the internet did?73. Web 2.0 are a number of sites which encourage much great user participation-sites which youthe user create by uploading your own pictures, or music, or ideas…whatever…74. “Social networking” is a buzz phrase. Everyone‟s saying it, as though it‟s something new, butreally it‟s about these sites creating their own communities, a space where you might have “friends”who you‟ve never actually met, and may never meet…75. My website is a place where unsigned musicians and bands can post music or videos of theirown music. It means record companies are no longer necessary. New groups don‟t need to send their music to record companies, and depend on them—now they can directly reach people who are interested in listening to new music…Part VI Translate the following sentences into English. Words given in the brackets should be used. (10％，2 points for each sentence)76. 尽管现在网上银行非常普遍，这个国家还是有大约15％的人喜欢使用纸币。