having_been_done_与done的用法区别
非谓语动词用法总结
• • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • •
既能加to do 有能加doing做宾语的动词，意 思基本没有区别的： Like to do /like doing sth Start to do /start doing Hate to do sth /hate doing sth Love to do /love doing sth 既能加to do 有能加doing做宾语的动词，意 思基本有区别的： Stop to do Stop doing forget to do Forget doing Remember to do Remember doing Regret to do Regret doing Mean to do 打算做某事 Mean doing 意味着做某事 Can’t help to do 不能帮忙做某事 Can’t help doing 忍不住做某事
• • • • • • •
Doing 动名词一般作主语，宾语，表语，定语 1）作主语 Listening to teachers in class is very important. 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 2）动名词作宾语（放在介词或者是及物动词后面） 只能加doing做宾语的及物动词和动词短语 Enjoy ,finish, miss(错过)，excuse(原谅)，admit(承 认)，avoid(避免)，imagine(想象），appreciate (感 激，欣赏)，escape(逃避)，postpone 推迟，dislike （不喜欢）， • Give up , put off, put up with(容忍，忍受) ，get down to (开始认真做某事)，set about (着手)，make contributions to ,contribute to, look forward to, devote …to .., object to(反对)， be opposed to, pay attention to
非谓语动词用法比较详析
4、现在分词作表语表示主动概念，过去分词作表语表示被动概念 。如：
They were deeply moved to hear the old man’s story. 听到老 人的故事，他们被深深地打动了。 What he said isn’t interesting at all. 他的讲话一点也没有趣。
I really regret missing/having missed his lecture. 我没能听他 的讲座真感到遗憾。 I regret to tell you that I cannot come. 真遗憾，告诉你我不能来 了。
（3）can’t help: can’t help doing sth.禁不住；can’t help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙干…
I was teaching the children maths when you passed by. 你经 过时我正教孩子数学。 （进行时态） What you teach is very interesing. 你所教的科目很有趣。 ( 分词式形容词) 四、不定式、动名词作宾语的区别
这类动词用不定式作宾语往往指具体的或一次性的行为，而动 词的-ing形式则指概括性、经常性的动作或体验。这类动词常用的 有：
He tried to stand up but failed. 他试图站起来，但没成功。 Let’s try telling him about the sad news. 咱们试着把这个不幸的 消息告诉他。
（2）regret: regret to do sth. 对马上要做的事表示遗憾；regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔。
doing、done、being_done
实战
讨论：Judging/Judged by the look on his face, he doesn’t think much of our local wine.在这里，到底是judging还是 judged呢？ Compare是否也属于这一类词呢？ Comparing with history, a man’s life time is limited. Compared with his room, my room is small.
3.Moved deeply by what he said, so he decided to help the poor girl.(×)
Because he was moved deeply by what he said, so he decided to help the poor girl. (× ) *去掉so
☆doing 同时还是动名词，主要充当主语与 宾语。 例如：Seeing is believing.
enjoy、avoid等等，这一类词都需要接动 名词来充当宾语。
☆done是过去分词，含有被动与完成的意 思，在句子中充当状语，通常是表示原因 或方式的状语。 例如：Looked at in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.
4. Being painted now ,the room can’t be lived in
例句观察
5. Exposed to strong heat and sunlight, our skin might get burnt 6. Being exposed to strong heat and sunlight will damage our skin.
Having done;Having been done 用法
“Having done / Having been done”用法讲练Jan 11, 2013初稿May 9, 2020整理规则：这两种分词动作，发生在主句谓语动作之前。
强调分词动作“先完成”,然后才发生主句谓语的动作。
这两种分词形式,多做状语或非限制性定语。
Having done为主动;Having been done为被动。
这两种分词形式后,常跟次数或一段时间。
例如：1.Having finished his homework, the boy felt happy.写完了作业，男孩感觉很开心。
（Having finished...,做状语。
）2.The boy, having finished his homework, felt happy.写完了作业的男孩，感觉很开心。
（having finished...,做后置定语。
）3.Having been told many times, he finally understood it.被告诉了很多次，他终于明白了。
（Having been told...,做状语。
）Having done专练：1. ____ such heavy loss in the hurricane, the farmer didn’t expect to have a good harvest.A. SufferingB. Having sufferedC. SufferedD. To suffer（答案B.解析：Having suffered...,放句首做状语。
句意:农民先遭受损失,后产生心理预期。
）2. The manager, ____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.(2005江西)A.who has madeB. having madeC. madeD. making（答案B.解析：having made...,做后置定语。
第06讲非谓语动词(讲)高考英语二轮复习(全国通用)(教师版)
第06讲非谓语动词（讲）【考纲考情】非谓语动词考点，是英语高考必考点之一。
在高考中主要考查：非谓语动词作主语、状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语以及独立成分等。
在高考中主要考查点分别有：1.动词不定式的正确运用，尤其是被动式、进行式和完成式的正确运用；2.分词的正确运用，尤其是现在分词被动式和完成式的正确运用、现在分词与过去分词作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语的区别以及分词在with复合结构及独立主格结构中的运用；3.动名词的正确运用：介词后接的动名词的用法、常见接动名词作宾语的动词、含动名词的常见固定句型，尤其是被动式和完成式的正确运用以及复合结构的正确识别。
非谓语动词的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空，改错，书面表达中。
【考点梳理】非谓语动词概述非谓语动词是指在句中不是谓语的动词，包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，它除了不能独立作谓语外，是可以承担句子其他成分的。
非谓语动词的形式、意义及句法功能注意：(1)having been done与done作状语时没有明显区别，可以互换，但having been done不能作定语和宾补，强调时间先后，而done有时只强调被动关系。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词，只表示完成，不表示被动，如：fallen leaves落叶。
(3)有时过去分词只表示被动而不强调时间性。
The boy was running along the street, followed by a dog.这个男孩正沿着街道上跑，后面跟着一只狗。
Having eaten at the Cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.蒂娜以前在这个自助餐厅吃过以后，再也不想去那儿吃了。
一、非谓语动词作定语1．不定式作定语不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。
非谓语动词的 9 种形式
非谓语动词 17done -ing to do 被动主动被动主动完成式一般式to do doing doneto be done being done to have done have done to have been donehaving been done having be done have done have been done51被动之前having been done主动之前having done 被动同时being done 主动同时(基本同时)doing (和主语)主被动(与谓语比)时间先后-ing 作状语★必背使役动词make,、let 、have+do(省略了感官动词see/ watch/hear/feel1： +do(一般现在和一般过去，不强调正在进行都可用)I saw the boys fight with each other yesterday.PS: 被动态时需要还原“to ”The boys were seen to fight with each other yesterday.2: +doing （强调正在进行）The girl reported seeing a beautiful bird flying toward the window. 14非谓语动词题目三步走：⏹是否已存在另一个动作（不管前面还是后面）⏹主被动关系⏹时间先后顺序◆习题 ◆⏹S he reached the top of the hill andstopped on a big rock to see the rising sun.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest⏹Y ou were brave enough to raiseobjections at the meeting.Well, now I regret _ that.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done⏹T hey knew her very well. They hadseen her _ up from childhood.A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow⏹I’ve heard him _ about you often.A. talkedB. talksC. talkD. to talk⏹I f you think that treating a womanwell means always _ her permission for things,think again. (06湖南) A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting⏹H e walked down the hills, _ softly tohimself。
Having done;Having been done 用法
“Having done / Having been done”用法讲练Jan 11, 2013初稿May 9, 2020整理规则：这两种分词动作，发生在主句谓语动作之前。
强调分词动作“先完成”,然后才发生主句谓语的动作。
这两种分词形式,多做状语或非限制性定语。
Having done为主动;Having been done为被动。
这两种分词形式后,常跟次数或一段时间。
例如：1.Having finished his homework, the boy felt happy.写完了作业，男孩感觉很开心。
（Having finished...,做状语。
）2.The boy, having finished his homework, felt happy.写完了作业的男孩，感觉很开心。
（having finished...,做后置定语。
）3.Having been told many times, he finally understood it.被告诉了很多次，他终于明白了。
（Having been told...,做状语。
）Having done专练：1. ____ such heavy loss in the hurricane, the farmer didn’t expect to have a good harvest.A. SufferingB. Having sufferedC. SufferedD. To suffer（答案B.解析：Having suffered...,放句首做状语。
句意:农民先遭受损失,后产生心理预期。
）2. The manager, ____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.(2005江西)A.who has madeB. having madeC. madeD. making（答案B.解析：having made...,做后置定语。
分词与独立主格结构
分词与独立主格结构分词的结构现在分词：doing/being done/having done/having been done过去分词:done分词用途定语单个的分词为定语通常是前置，特别是现在分词，其中现在分词表示主动且正在进行的含义，过去分词表示被动（及物动词）或已经完成的含义（不及物动词）；对声音和表情的修饰常用过去分词；某些单个过去分词前置与后置有区别：the given time/the time giventhe wanted person/the person wanteda concerned look/the persons concernedan involved sentence/the persons involved2) 分词短语为定语需要后置，相当于一个定语从句，用doing表示主动且正在进行的含义；用being done 表示被动且正在进行的含义；用done表示被动且已经完成的含义；用to be done 表示将来被动的含义，没有having done和having been doneThe bridge ______(build)next year will join up the two islands.The bridge ______(build)in 1960 is the first modern one in Chongqing.The bridge ______(build)will be completed next week.思考：是否所有的定语从句都可以改为分词结构吗？下列两个句子可以改为分词结构吗？The man who came this morning is his father.Is there anyone who can drive a car?表语现在分词作为表语表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词为表语表示主语所处的状态1). The animal and plants that they found there were (astonish)2). I was (astonish) to learn that his long lost child had been found.3). The news made us .(diappoint)4). The mother went to visit Einstein. (puzzle)5). Madame Curie found husband’s death .(shock)6). I saw the boy very (excite)7). Be brave. You look like a bird (frighten)8). The fierce lion looks (frighten). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you.9). The food served at the dinner party did not seem very (invite)3.宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance 等感官动词和look at, listen to 等短语动词，以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1.done是过去分词，having been done是现在分词完成时的被动语态。
两个都可以表示“完成＋被动。
”但作状语时，having been done表示该动作发生在主句动作之前；而done则不强调这层含义；
Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
Not having been invited, he felt very unhappy.
（分词完成式的被动语态(having been done)强调分词动作先于谓语动词）
Killed, she couldn't stop her blood from going chilled.
Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.
（过去分词也表示被动，但没有强调动作先后的含义）
2. done可作定语而having been done一般不作定语。
The concert given by the symphony orchesta was a great success.
They are problems left over by history.
完成体的分词一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。
如：
我们一般不说：The girl having won the race is my deskmate.
而常这样说：The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.
但非限定性的完成体作定语或如果分词所修饰的词是泛指则没有这个限制。
如：
Anyone having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。
Charlie, having lived in Paris for years, decided to return to London. 在巴黎呆过多年，查理决定重返伦敦。
The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. 由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。
(The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)
3. 如果分词是短暂动词，那么该分词完成式所表示的动作往往是在谓语动作之前发生过多次，请看例句：
(1)Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up.
妙语点睛：
分词完成式having been bitten在谓语动作refused之前已经重复过两次，即分词完成式用于短暂动作时往往会体现出重复性的特点。