包装-外文翻译-外文文献-包装对食品的影响
试析包装材料对食品安全的影响
试析包装材料对食品安全的影响
包装材料对食品安全有着重要的影响。
食品包装是保证食品安全的重要环节之一，它
不仅可以保护食品免受外界的污染和变质，同时还可以延长食品的保质期，提高食品的品
质和市场竞争力。
不合格的包装材料可能会产生有害物质溶解、迁移到食物中，从而直接
危害人体健康。
选择合适的包装材料对食品安全至关重要。
包装材料应具备良好的物理性能。
物理性能包括材料的透明度、强度、防水性、气体
阻隔性等，这些性能直接会影响包装材料对食品的保护效果。
食品通常需要保持一定的湿
度和氧气浓度，因此包装材料要有较好的防水性和气体阻隔性，以保证食品在包装内的水
分和氧气含量保持稳定。
包装材料的强度也很重要，以防止包装在运输和储存过程中的破
损而导致食品安全问题。
包装材料应具备良好的化学性能。
包装材料的化学性能指的是材料的溶解性、迁移性
和稳定性等。
不良的化学性能可能导致有害物质溶解或迁移到食品中，严重危害人体健康。
包装材料在选择时应尽量避免使用有害物质，例如重金属、有害色素、致癌物质等。
包装
材料应具备较好的稳定性，不易受热、热变性或光照等因素的影响，以避免包装材料本身
对食品的污染。
包装材料还应具备良好的卫生性能。
包装材料的表面应无明显的污渍、异味和油脂残
留等。
使用具备良好卫生性能的包装材料可以保证食品包装后的卫生性，减少食品受到细菌、病毒污染的可能性。
包装材料的处理和加工过程也要符合卫生标准，以确保包装材料
自身没有细菌、微生物和有害物质的残留。
包装设计对食品营销的重要性及影响分析
包装设计对食品营销的重要性及影响分析包装设计对食品营销的重要性及影响分析一、引言在当今竞争激烈的市场环境下，食品企业面临着巨大的市场压力，为了在市场中脱颖而出，提高商品销售额，包装设计成为了食品营销中至关重要的环节之一。
本文将从包装设计对食品营销的重要性和影响两个方面进行分析，并探讨在具体实践中如何优化包装设计以提升食品品牌竞争力。
二、包装设计对食品营销的重要性1. 提高商品竞争力包装设计是产品的外部形象，能够直接影响消费者的购买决策。
食品行业中，消费者对食品的购买决策往往是基于情感需求和视觉吸引力。
因此，精心设计的包装设计能够提高商品的竞争力，吸引目标消费者的注意力，并促使他们做出购买决策。
2. 传递产品信息包装设计是传递产品信息的重要媒介。
通过包装设计，食品企业可以向消费者传递产品的功能、特点、定位等信息，帮助消费者了解产品的价值和优势。
合理设计的包装可以提供必要的产品信息，使消费者更容易理解产品的特点，从而增强消费者对产品的认知和信任。
3. 塑造品牌形象包装设计是塑造品牌形象的重要手段。
在食品营销中，品牌形象是企业与消费者建立情感链接的重要桥梁，形象的好坏直接关系到市场份额和品牌价值。
通过包装设计，可以展示品牌的独特风格和价值观，树立品牌形象，提升品牌价值和忠诚度。
优秀的包装设计可以帮助企业在竞争激烈的市场中赢得消费者的好感和亲和力。
三、包装设计对食品营销的影响1. 增加产品附加值包装设计能够为产品增加附加值，提升产品形象和品质。
通过独特的包装设计，能够让消费者感受到产品的价值，愿意为其支付更高的价格。
一个精心设计的包装不仅提高了产品的利润空间，还增加了产品的溢价能力，提升了企业的盈利能力。
2. 影响消费者购买决策包装设计直接影响消费者的购买决策。
独特的包装设计能够在众多商品中脱颖而出，吸引消费者的眼球，使其对产品产生兴趣。
而且，包装设计还能在瞬间传递产品的品质和价值，引起消费者的购买欲望。
外文翻译--包装对食品发展的影响
FOOD PACKING TECHNOLOGY Packaging is critical to a consumer’s first impression of a product, c ommuni- cating desirability, acceptability, healthy eating image etc. Food is available in a wide range of product and pack combinations that convey their own processed image perception to the consumer e.g. freshly packe d/prepared, chilled, frozen, ultra-heat treated (UHT) aseptic, in-can sterili sed and dried products. One of the most important quality attributes of fo od, affecting human sen- sory perception, is its flavour, i.e. taste and smel l. Flavour can be significantly degraded by processing and/or extended st orage. Other quality attributes that may also be affected include colour, te xture and nutritional content. The quality of a food depends not only on th e quality of raw ingredients, additives, methods of processing and packagi ng, but also on distribution and storage conditions encountered during its expected shelf life. Increasing competition amongst food producers, retail ers and packaging suppliers; and quality audits of suppliers have resulted in significant improvements in food quality as well as a dramatic increase in the choice of packaged food. These improvements have also been aide d by tighter temperature control in the cold chain and a more discerning c onsumer.One definition of shelf life is: the time during which a combination o f food processing and packaging can maintain satisfactory eating quality under the particular system by which the food is distributed in the containers and the conditions at the point of sale. Shelf life can be used as a mark eting tool for promoting the concept of freshness. Extended or long shelf l ife products also provide the consumer and/or retailer with the time conve nience of product use as well as a reduced risk of food wastage. The subje ct of Packaged product quality and shelf life is discussed in detail in Chap ter 3. Packaging provides the consumer with important information about the product and, in many cases, use of the pack and/or product. These inc lude facts such as weight, volume, ingredients, the manufacturer’s details, nutritional value, cooking and opening instructions. In addition to legal g uidelines on the minimum size of lettering and numbers, there are definiti onsfor the various types of product. Consumers are seeking more detailed nformation about products and, at the same time, many labels have beco me multilingual. Legibility of labels is an issue for the visually impaired a nd this is likely to become more important with an increasingly elderly po pulation..A major driver of food choice and packaging innovation is the consu mer demand for convenience. There are many convenience attributes offe red by modern packaging. These include ease of access and opening, disp osal and handling, product visibility, resealability, microwaveability, prol onged shelf life etc. Demographic trends in the age profile of the UK and other advanced economies reveal a declining birth rate and rapid growth of a relatively afflu- ent elderly population. They, along with a more demanding young consumer, will require and expect improved pack functiona lity, such as ease of pack opening (The Institute of Grocery Distribution, I GD). There is a high cost to supplying and servicing the retailer’s shelf. F ailure to stock a sufficient variety of product or replenish stock in time, es pecially for staple foods such as fresh milk, can lead to customer dissatisf action and defection to a competitor’s store, where product availability is assured. Mod- ern distribution and packaging systems allow consumers to buy food when and where they want them. Consumer choice has expand ed dramatically in recent years. In the UK, for example, between the 1960 s and 1990s the number of product lines in the average supermarket rose f rom around 2000 to over 18 000. . Since the 1970s, food health and safety have become increasingly major concerns and drivers of food choices. M edia attention has alerted consumers to a range of issues such as the use o f chemical additives and food contamination incidents. These incidents ha ve been both deliberate, by malicious tampering, and accidental, occurrin g during the production process. However, many consumers are not fully aware of the importance of packaging in maintaining food safety and qual ity. One effect has been the rapid introduction of tamper evident closures for many pre-packaged foods in order to not only protect the consumer bu t also the brand. Another impact has been to motivate consumers to give more attention to the criteria of freshness/shelf life, minimum processing and the products oringin..Consumers have direct environmental impact through the way they p urchase and the packaging waste they generate. Consumers purchase pack aging as part of the product and, over the years, the weight of packaging h as declined relative to that of the product contained. However, consumpti on patterns have generated larger volumes of packaging due to changing demo- graphics and lifestyles. It is the volume of packaging rather than th e weight of packaging that is attracting critical public attention. In additio n, the trend toward increased pre-packaged foods and food service packag ing has increased the amount of plastics packaging waste entering the soli d waste stream. Packaging has been a key to the evolution of modern fast-moving consu goods retailing that in turn has spurred on packaging devel opments to meet its requirements. The most significant development for t he food packaging supply industries has been the emergence of large retai l groups. These groups exert enormous influence and control over what is produced, how products are pre- sented and how they are distributed to st ores. The large retailers handle a major share of the packaged grocery mar ket and exert considerable influence on food manufacturers and associate d packaging suppliers. It is, therefore, import ant for packaging suppliers t o be fully aware of market demand and respond quickly to changes. In ad dition, the concentration of buyer power at the retail level means that man ufacturers may have to modify their distribution and packaging operation s in response to structural changes in retailing. Packaging for fast-movingconsumer goods (f.m.c.g.) has been referred to as part of the food retail marketing mix and thus closely affects all the other marketing variables i.e. product, price, promotion, and place (Nickels & Jolsen, The discussion on packaging in the multiple food retail environment may be considered i n terms of its role in brand competition and retail logistics.The role of packaging in brand competition. Packaging plays a vi tal role in food marketing representing a significant key to a brand’s succe ss or mere sur- vival in a highly competitive marketplace. Packaging inno vation and design are in the front line of competition between the brands of both major retailers and product manufacturers, having been driven in r ecent years by dramatic retail growth, intense industry competition and an increasingly demanding and sophisticated consumer. On an individual pr oduct/brand basis, success is dependent on the product ma nufacturer’s rap id innovative response to major trends. One of the most effective ways to respond is through distinctive pack- aging, and this has become one key f actor in the success of a brand. The retail- ers’ own brand products compe te intensely with m anufacturers’ brands in virtually every product categor y. Brand differentiation can be enhanced by drive the growing niche mark et for biodegradable and compostable packaging. They are using it as a p oint of communication with their customers. Packaging is closely linked t o advertising but it is far more focused than advertising because it present s the product to the consumer daily in the home and on the retail shelf. Merchandising displays that present the pack design in an attractive or inter esting way and media advertising consistent with the pack’s image also se rve to promote the brand. The brand owner is frequently responsible for t he merchandising operation. A key to promotional activities is through eff ective use of packaging and there exist many kinds of on-pack promotion s such as free extra product, money-off, special edition, new improved B ar code scanning information linked to the use of retailers’ loyalty card sc hemes has made a big impact on buying and marketing decision-making by retailers. Their task is to make better use of this information on con- su mer behaviour for promotional purposes and to build store brand loyalty. Retailers can also use this information to evaluate the effectiveness of ne w pack designs, on-pack promotions and the sales appeal of new products . The role of packaging in multiple retail logistics. There are tight constra ints on physical distribution and in-store merchandising. The retailer is re ceptive to packaging that reduces operating costs, increases inventory tur nover, trans- forms to attractive merchandising displays – such as pre-ass embled or easy- to-assemble aisle displays – and satisfies logistics service levels (reliability, responsiveness and product availability). For example, combined transit and point-of-sale packaging saves store labour through f aster shelf loading, pro- vides ease of access to product thereby obviating the need to use potentially dangerous unsafe cutting tools, and presents an opportunity for source reduce.The total distribution cost affects the total volume of demand throug h its influence on price (McKinnon, 1989). For some fast-moving commo dity type products, such as pasteurised milk, the cost of distribution and r etail mer- chandising is usually a sizeable proportion of total product cost representing up to 50 per cent or more of the sales price. The cost of pack aging materials and containers also adds slightly to the cost but design of the optimal packaging system can significantly reduce cost in the retail di stribution chain. The development of global food supply chains has meant that many points of production have located further away from the points of consump- tion, often resulting in higher distribution cost. Controlling distribution cost through improved operational efficiency in the supply ch ain is a key to competitive advantage for a retailer. The retailer must maxi mise operational efficiency in the distribution channel (West, 1989). The goal of distribution is to deliver the requisite level of service to customers at the least cost. The identification of the most cost-effective logistical pa ckaging is becoming more crucial. Cost areas in distribution include stora ge, inventory, transport, administration and packaging. Storage, inventory, transport and store labour are major cost areas for the retailer while trans port, storage and packaging are the main cost areas for the food manufact urer. The efficiency of the multiple retail food supply chain relies on close com- munication between retailers, food manufacturers and packaging su ppliers. It also relies on accurate order forecasting of likely demand. Massive investment in information technology has enabled closer integration o f the supply chain and, through electronic data interchange (EDI), has ens ured that stock moves to stores on a just-in-time (JIT) basis, and is sold w ell before the expiry date. The bar code is a code that allows the industry-wide identification of retail product units by means of a unique reference number, the major application being the electronic point of sale (EPoS) sy stem at the retail checkout. The use of the bar code for identification of pr imary, secondary and tertiary packaging has enabled efficient distribution management and stock control.。
现代包装机械设备毕业课程设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译
1 英文文献翻译1.1 Modern PackagingAuthor：Abstract1. Changing Needs and New RolesLooking back, historical changes are understandable and obvious. That all of them have had an impact on the way products are brought, consumed and packaged is also obvious. What is not so obvious is what tomorrow will bring. Yet, it is to the needs, markets, and conditions of tomorrow that packaging professionals must always turn their attention.The forces that drove packaging during the Industry Revolution continue to operate today. The consumer society continues to grow and is possibly best described by a 1988s bumper sticker, “Born to Shop”. We consume goods today at a rate 4 to 5 times greater than we did as recently as 1935. Most of these goods are not essential to survival; they constitute what we may call “the good life”.In the second half of the 20th century， the proliferation of goods was so high that packaging was forced into an entirely new role, that of providing the motivation rather than presenting the goods itself. On a shelf of 10 competing products, all of them similar in performance and quality, the only method of differentiating became the package itself. Marketer aimed at lifestyles, emotional values, subliminal images, features, and advantages beyond the basic product rather than the competitor’s. In some in instances, the package has become the product, and occasionally packaging has become entertainment.A brand product to carry the product manufacturer or product sales of theretailer’s label, usually by the buyer as a quality assessment guidance. In some cases, competing brands of product quality is almost no difference, a difference is the sale of its packaging. An interesting visually attractive packaging can give a key marketing advantage and convince impulse spending. However, the packaging should accurately reflect the quality of products/brand value in order to avoid the disappointment of consumers, encourage repeat purchases and build brand loyalty. Ideally, the product should exceed customer expectations.2. Packaging and the Modern Industrial SocietyThe importance of packaging to a modern industrial society is most evident when we examine the food-packaging sector. Food is organic in nature, having an animal or plant source. One characteristic of such organic matter is that, by and large, it has a limited natural biological life.A cut of meat, left to itself, might be unfit for human consumption by the next day. Some animal protein products, such as seafood, can deteriorate within hours.The natural shelf life of plant-based food depends on the species and plant involved. Pulpy fruit portions tend to have a short life span, while seed parts, which in nature have to survive at least separated from the living plant are usually short-lived.In addition to having a limited natural shelf life, most food is geographically and season-ally specific. Thus, potatoes and apples are grown in a few North American geographical regions and harvest during a short maturation period. In a world without packaging，we would need to live at the point of harvest to enjoy these products, and our enjoyment of them would be restricted to the natural biological life span of each. It is by proper storage, packaging and transport techniques that we are able to deliver fresh potatoes and apples, or the products derived from them, throughout the year and throughout the country. Potato-whole,canned, powdered, flaked, chipped, frozen, and instant is available, anytime, anywhere. This ability gives a society great freedom and mobility. Unlike less-developed societies, we are no longer restricted in our choice of where to live, since we are no longer tied to the food-producing ability of an area. Food production becomes more specialized and efficient with the growth of packaging. Crops and animal husbandry are moved to where their production is most economical, without regard to the proximity of a market. Most important, we are free of the natural cycles of feast and famine that are typical of societies dependent on natural regional food-producing cycles.Central processing allows value recovery from what would normally be waste by products of the processed food industry from the basis of other sub-industries. Chicken feathers are high in protein and, properly mill and treated, can be fed back to the next generation of chickens. Vegetable waste is fed to cattle or pigs. Bagasse, the waste cane from sugar pressing, is a source of fiber for papermaking. Fish scales are refined to make additives for paints and nail polish.The economical manufacture of durable goods also depends on good packaging.A product's cost is directly related to production volume. The business drive to reduce costs in the supply chain must be carefully balanced against the fundamental technical requirements for food safety and product integrity, as well as the need to ensure an. efficient logistics service. In addition, there is a requirement to meet the aims of marketing to protect and project brand image through value-added pack design. The latter may involve design inputs that communicate distinctive, aesthetically pleasing, ergonomic, functional and/or environmentally aware attributes. But for a national or international bicycle producer to succeed, it must be a way of getting the product to a market, which may be half a world away. Again, sound packaging, in this case distributionpackaging, is a key part of the system.Some industries could not exist without an international market. For example, Canada is a manufacturer of irradiation equipment, but the Canadian market (which would account for perhaps one unit every several years) could not possibly support such a manufacturing capability. However, by selling to the world, a manufacturing facility becomes viable. In addition to needing packaging for the irradiation machinery and instrumentation, the sale of irradiation equipment requires the sale packaging and transport of radioactive isotopes, a separate challenge in itself. In response to changing consumer lifestyles, the large retail groups and the food service industry development. Their success has been involved in a competition fierce hybrid logistics, trade, marketing and customer service expertise, all of which is dependent on the quality of packaging. They have in part led to the expansion of the dramatic range of products offered, technology innovation, including those in the packaging. Supply retail, food processing and packaging industry will continue to expand its international operations. Sourcing products around the world more and more to assist in reducing trade barriers. The impact of the decline has been increased competition and price pressure. Increased competition led to the rationalization of industrial structure, often in the form of mergers and acquisitions. Packaging, it means that new materials and shapes, increased automation, packaging, size range extension of lower unit cost. Another manufacturer and mergers and acquisitions, the Group's brand of retail packaging and packaging design re-evaluation of the growing development of market segmentation and global food supply chain to promote the use of advanced logistics and packaging systems packaging logistics system is an integral part of, and played an important role in prevention in the food supply or reduce waste generation.3. World Packaging.This discussion has referred to primitive packaging and the evolution of packaging functions. However, humankind's global progress is such that virtually every stage in the development of society and packaging is present somewhere in the world today. Thus, a packager in a highly developed country will agonize over choice of package type, hire expensive marketing groups to develop images to entice the targeted buyer and spend lavishly on graphics. In less-developed countries, consumers are happy to have food, regardless of the package. At the extreme, consumers will bring their own packages or will consume food on the spot, just as they did 2000 years ago.Packagers from the more developed countries sometimes have difficulty working with less-developed nations, for the simple reason that they fail to understand that their respective packaging priorities are completely different. Similarly, developing nations trying to sell goods to North American markets cannot understand our preoccupation with package and graphics.The significant difference is that packaging plays a different role in a market where rice will sell solely because it is available. In the North American market, the consumer may be confronted by five different companies offering rice in 30 or so variations. If all the rice is good and none is inferior, how does a seller create a preference for his particular rice? How does he differentiate? The package plays a large role in this process.The package-intensive developed countries are sometimes criticized for over packaging, and certainly over-packaging does exist. However, North Americans also enjoy the world's cheapest food, requiring only about 11 to 14% of our disposable income. European food costs are about 20% of disposable income, and in the less-developed countries food can take 95%of family income.4. The status and development trend of domestic and international packaging machineryWorldwide, the history of the development of the packaging machinery industry is relatively short, science and technology developed in Europe and America in general started in the 20th century until the 1950s the pace greatly accelerated.From the early 20th century, before the end of World War II World War II，medicine，food, cigarettes，matches，household chemicals and other industrial sectors, the mechanization of the packaging operations; the 1950s, the packaging machine widely used common electric switches and tube for the main components of the control system to achieve the primary automation; 1960s, Electrical and optical liquid-gas technology is significantly increased in the packaging machine, machines to further expand on this basis a dedicated automated packaging line; the 1970s, the micro- electronic technology into the automation of packaging machines and packaging lines, computer control packing production process; from the 1980s to the early 1990s, in some field of packaging, computer, robot application for service, testing and management, in preparation for the over-flexible automatic packaging lines and "no" automatic packaging workshop.Actively promoted and strong co-ordination of all aspects of society, and gradually establish a packaging material, packaging, printing, packaging machinery and other production sectors, and corresponding to the research, design, education, academic, management and organization, and thus the formation of independent and complete. The packaging of light industrial system, and occupies an important place in the national economy as a whole.Based on recent years data that members of the World Packaging Alliance output value of the packaging industry accounts for about 2% of the total output value of the national economy; in which the proportion of packaging machinery, though not large, but the rapid development of an annual average of almost growing at a rate of about 10%. Put into use at the packaging machine is now more than thousand species of packaging joint machines and automated equipment has been stand-alone equate. According to the new technological revolution in the world development trend is expected to packaging materials and packaging process and packaging machinery will be closely related to obtain the breakthrough of a new step, and bring more sectors into the packaging industry.China Packaging Technology Association was established in 1980. Soon, the China National Packaging Corporation have been born. Since then, one after another in the country organized a national and international packaging machinery exhibition, seminars, also published I had the first ever "China Packaging Yearbook and other packaging technology books. All this indicates that China is creating a new packaging historical perio d.1.2中文翻译现代包装1、不断变化的需求和新的角色,回顾以往,包装所带来明显的历史性变化是可以理解的, 一个产品包装方式的给他们的销量带来的影响也是显而易见的。
(完整)食品包装对食品安全的影响
第六章食品包装对食品安全的影响一、包装的定义一是关于包装商品的容器、材料及辅助物品；一是关于包装商品的容器、材料及辅助物品；二是关于实施包装封缄等的技术活动. 二是关于实施包装封缄等的技术活动。
食品包装（Food packaging）：采用适当的包装材食品包装采用适当的包装材料、容器和包装技术，把食品包裹起来,以使容器和包装技术，把食品包裹起来, 食品在运输和贮藏过程中保持其价值和原有的状态. 状态。
二、包装的功能保护商品方便贮运促进销售提高商品价值三、包装材料的特性机械加工性能:强度、挺度、厚度、机械加工性能：强度、挺度、厚度、加工工艺阻透性：阻透性：水、气、光、油等印刷性安全卫生性力学性质：抗拉强度、撕裂度、力学性质：抗拉强度、撕裂度、耐折度、戳穿度四、包装的分类按照包装目的分类：运输包装，按照包装目的分类：运输包装，销售包装。
销售包装。
按照包装的功能分类：按照包装的功能分类：分为防水包装、防潮包装、防震包装等形式。
包装、防潮包装、防震包装等形式。
五、包装的分类按包装材料与食品接触程度分类：按包装材料与食品接触程度分类：分为外包装、内包装、个体包装（又称小包装) 内包装、个体包装（又称小包装）按包装材料来源分类：分为塑料制品、玻璃按包装材料来源分类:分为塑料制品、制品、陶瓷搪瓷制品、金属制品、制品、陶瓷搪瓷制品、金属制品、食品包装用食品包装袋等。
纸、食品包装袋等。
按包装件抵抗变形能力分类：按包装件抵抗变形能力分类：分为软包装和硬包装。
硬包装.食品包装材料的要求：六、食品包装材料的要求：耐冷冻耐高温耐油脂防渗漏抗酸碱防潮保香保味美观等国际包装工业协会统计结果破坏环境的垃圾比例 72% 塑料皮革制品废弃金属其它绿色包装是解决塑料包装污染的方法之一！绿色包装是解决塑料包装污染的方法之一！七、绿色包装所谓“绿色包装”所谓“绿色包装"，是指对生态环境不造成污染，对人体健康不造成危害，不造成污染,对人体健康不造成危害，能循环使用和再生利用，可促进持续发能循环使用和再生利用，展的包装。
食品包装对食品品质的影响研究
食品包装对食品品质的影响研究食品包装是保护食品免受外界污染和氧化的重要手段，对储存、运输和销售食品起着至关重要的作用。
然而，食品包装不仅仅是起到保护食品的作用，它还对食品的品质产生着直接的影响。
本文将就食品包装对食品品质的影响进行研究，从材料选择、包装设计和包装与食品交互等方面展开讨论。
1. 材料选择食品包装的材料选择对食品品质有着决定性的影响。
首先，食品包装材料应该符合卫生标准，以确保食品的安全性。
然而，并非所有的包装材料都能满足此要求。
例如，一些塑料包装材料含有对人体有害的化学物质，这可能会渗入食品中，降低食品的品质。
因此，选择符合卫生标准的食品包装材料至关重要。
此外，食品包装材料还应具备良好的防潮、防氧化、防细菌和光线阻隔等特性。
这些特性能有效地防止外界因素对食品的侵害。
比如，对于易受潮的食品来说，选择具备良好防潮性能的包装材料可以保持食品的干燥和新鲜。
相反地，如果材料选择不当，容易导致食品受潮、变质或者失去原有的风味和口感。
2. 包装设计包装设计是食品包装中不可忽视的一环。
好的包装设计能够吸引消费者的眼球，增加产品的销售。
然而，包装设计也直接关系到食品品质。
首先，包装设计应该考虑到食品的特性和需要。
比如，对于易碎的食品，包装设计应该加强保护性能，防止食品在运输过程中损坏。
此外，根据食品的保存需要，可以选择不同类型的包装设计，如密封包装、真空包装等，以延长食品的保质期。
其次，包装设计还应注重用户体验。
因为好的包装设计能够提升食品的使用体验，进而影响消费者对食品的评价。
例如，在易开盖设计中，考虑到用户的使用便捷性，可以使消费者更易于打开包装，更好地享用食品。
3. 包装与食品交互食品和包装是密不可分的，因此，包装与食品之间的交互也会对食品品质产生影响。
首先，食品包装能影响食品的新鲜度和口感。
包装将食品与外界隔绝，防止氧化和细菌的侵害。
然而，过度的隔绝也可能导致食品的变质。
例如，某些食品需要保持一定的湿度和通风，如果包装设计不合理，会使食品过于潮湿或者干燥，从而影响其品质。
包装材料对食品安全的影响分析
包装材料对食品安全的影响分析我国的塑料包装材料，特别是软性的食品、药品用复合包装材料，在最近的二十年中得到了飞速的发展，不仅生产厂家多，产品品种多，质量也达到了一定的水平。
但是，在包装工业飞速发展的过程中，我们把主要精力放在了规模、产量、物理机械性能、耐高低温要求、抗介质侵蚀这些方面，而对包装材料本身的卫生安全性能却还不够重视。
所以，不少复合包装材料的生产厂家，对原辅材料的采购、使用，到生产条件的完善，直到产成品的检测，都存在着一些不卫生、不安全的隐患；许多食品药品生产厂家，在采用包装材料时对内容物和人体的卫生安全影响方面考虑不周，只注重牢度、强度、外观和价格，最多关心一下有无异味。
总体上讲，过去大家很少关注包装材料对食品药品卫生安全以及包装材料对地球环境的潜在影响。
因此，我国包装材料的卫生安全质量与世界先进水平相比，还有较大的差距。
自前两、三年开始，国家对食品本身的卫生安全问题进行了监督检查，实施放心食品工程，实行了QS 认证和市场准入制度。
今年六月开始，又对食品包装材料本身的卫生安全问题进行监管和检测,媒体曝光了一些食品包装袋中的苯类超标事件，引起了全社会的高度关注。
这是我国政府实行以人为本、保护消费者安全健康的重要举措，是社会进步的表现。
但是，目前职能部门的检测和媒体曝光的内容，只限于大多数人都闻得到、嗅得出的苯类溶剂超标这一表面现象，对更潜在的、一般人无法觉察到的重金属（铅、镉、汞、铬）、致癌物（芳香胺、卤化联苯、稠环化合物、醛等）对人体健康的危害却还未涉及到。
随着人们素质的提高和自我安全保护意识的加强，今后，我国食品药品包装材料的卫生安全要求，肯定不会停留在现阶段的水平，一定会逐步提高到跟美国或欧州一样的标准，不仅对人体的健康安全无害，同时也对地球环境安全无害。
国家已经成立了食品安全委员会，各省、市、自治区也相继成立了食品安全委员会，不少地方都是由省、市、自治区的主要领导担任该委员会的负责人，表明政府对这个问题的高度重视。
外文翻译--包装对食品发展的影响复习课程
FOOD PACKING TECHNOLOGYPackaging is critical to a consumer’s first impression of a product, c ommuni- cating desirability, acceptability, healthy eating image etc. Food is available in a wide range of product and pack combinations that convey their own processed image perception to the consumer e.g. freshly packe d/prepared, chilled, frozen, ultra-heat treated (UHT) aseptic, in-can sterili sed and dried products. One of the most important quality attributes of fo od, affecting human sen- sory perception, is its flavour, i.e. taste and smel l. Flavour can be significantly degraded by processing and/or extended st orage. Other quality attributes that may also be affected include colour, te xture and nutritional content. The quality of a food depends not only on th e quality of raw ingredients, additives, methods of processing and packagi ng, but also on distribution and storage conditions encountered during its expected shelf life. Increasing competition amongst food producers, retail ers and packaging suppliers; and quality audits of suppliers have resulted in significant improvements in food quality as well as a dramatic increase in the choice of packaged food. These improvements have also been aide d by tighter temperature control in the cold chain and a more discerning c onsumer.One definition of shelf life is: the time during which a combination o f food processing and packaging can maintain satisfactory eating quality under the particular system by which the food is distributed in the contain ers and the conditions at the point of sale. Shelf life can be used as a mark eting tool for promoting the concept of freshness. Extended or long shelf l ife products also provide the consumer and/or retailer with the time conve nience of product use as well as a reduced risk of food wastage. The subje ct of Packaged product quality and shelf life is discussed in detail in Chap ter 3. Packaging provides the consumer with important information about the product and, in many cases, use of the pack and/or product. These inc lude facts such as weight, volume, ingredients, the manufacturer’s details, nutritional value, cooking and opening instructions. In addition to legal g uidelines on the minimum size of lettering and numbers, there are definiti onsfor the various types of product. Consumers are seeking more detailed nformation about products and, at the same time, many labels have beco me multilingual. Legibility of labels is an issue for the visually impaired a nd this is likely to become more important with an increasingly elderly po pulation..A major driver of food choice and packaging innovation is the consu mer demand for convenience. There are many convenience attributes offered by modern packaging. These include ease of access and opening, disp osal and handling, product visibility, resealability, microwaveability, prol onged shelf life etc. Demographic trends in the age profile of the UK and other advanced economies reveal a declining birth rate and rapid growth of a relatively afflu- ent elderly population. They, along with a more dem anding young consumer, will require and expect improved pack functiona lity, such as ease of pack opening (The Institute of Grocery Distribution, I GD). There is a high cost to supplying and servicing the retailer’s shelf. F ailure to stock a sufficient variety of product or replenish stock in time, es pecially for staple foods such as fresh milk, can lead to customer dissatisf action and defection to a competitor’s store, where product availability is assured. Mod- ern distribution and packaging systems allow consumers to buy food when and where they want them. Consumer choice has expand ed dramatically in recent years. In the UK, for example, between the 1960 s and 1990s the number of product lines in the average supermarket rose f rom around 2000 to over 18 000. . Since the 1970s, food health and safety have become increasingly major concerns and drivers of food choices. M edia attention has alerted consumers to a range of issues such as the use o f chemical additives and food contamination incidents. These incidents ha ve been both deliberate, by malicious tampering, and accidental, occurrin g during the production process. However, many consumers are not fully aware of the importance of packaging in maintaining food safety and quality. One effect has been the rapid introduction of tamper evident closures for many pre-packaged foods in order to not only protect the consumer bu t also the brand. Another impact has been to motivate consumers to give more attention to the criteria of freshness/shelf life, minimum processing and the products oringin..Consumers have direct environmental impact through the way they p urchase and the packaging waste they generate. Consumers purchase pack aging as part of the product and, over the years, the weight of packaging h as declined relative to that of the product contained. However, consumpti on patterns have generated larger volumes of packaging due to changing demo- graphics and lifestyles. It is the volume of packaging rather than th e weight of packaging that is attracting critical public attention. In additio n, the trend toward increased pre-packaged foods and food service packag ing has increased the amount of plastics packaging waste entering the soli d waste stream. Packaging has been a key to the evolution of modern fast-moving consu goods retailing that in turn has spurred on packaging devel opments to meet its requirements. The most significant development for t he food packaging supply industries has been the emergence of large retai l groups. These groups exert enormous influence and control over what isproduced, how products are pre- sented and how they are distributed to st ores. The large retailers handle a major share of the packaged grocery mar ket and exert considerable influence on food manufacturers and associate d packaging suppliers. It is, therefore, import ant for packaging suppliers t o be fully aware of market demand and respond quickly to changes. In ad dition, the concentration of buyer power at the retail level means that man ufacturers may have to modify their distribution and packaging operation s in response to structural changes in retailing. Packaging for fast-moving consumer goods (f.m.c.g.) has been referred to as part of the food retail marketing mix and thus closely affects all the other marketing variables i.e. product, price, promotion, and place (Nickels & Jolsen, The discussion on packaging in the multiple food retail environment may be considered i n terms of its role in brand competition and retail logistics. The role of pa ckaging in brand competition. Packaging plays a vital role in food ma rketing representing a significant key to a brand’s success or mere sur- vi val in a highly competitive marketplace. Packaging innovation and design are in the front line of competition between the brands of both major reta ilers and product manufacturers, having been driven in recent years by dr amatic retail growth, intense industry competition and an increasingly de manding and sophisticated consumer. On an individual product/brand bas is, success is dependent on the product manufacturer’s rapid innovative re sponse to major trends. One of the most effective ways to respond is through distinctive pack- aging, and this has become one key factor in the suc cess of a brand. The retail- ers’ own brand products compete intensely wit h manufacturers’ brands in virtually every product category. Brand differe ntiation can be enhanced by drive the growing niche market for biodegrad able and compostable packaging. They are using it as a point of communi cation with their customers. Packaging is closely linked to advertising but it is far more focused than advertising because it presents the product to t he consumer daily in the home and on the retail shelf. Merchandising disp lays that present the pack design in an attractive or interesting way and m edia advertising consistent with the pack’s image also serve to promote th e brand. The brand owner is frequently responsible for the merchandising operation. A key to promotional activities is through effective use of pack aging and there exist many kinds of on-pack promotions such as free extr a product, money-off, special edition, new improved Bar code scanning i nformation linked to the use of ret ailers’ loyalty card schemes has made a big impact on buying and marketing decision-making by retailers. Their t ask is to make better use of this information on con- sumer behaviour for promotional purposes and to build store brand loyalty. Retailers can also use this information to evaluate the effectiveness of new pack designs, on -pack promotions and the sales appeal of new products. The role of packa ging in multiple retail logistics. There are tight constraints on physical di stribution and in-store merchandising. The retailer is receptive to packaging that reduces operating costs, increases inventory turnover, trans- forms to attractive merchandising displays – such as pre-assembled or easy- to-assemble aisle displays – and satisfies logistics service levels (reliability, responsiveness and product availability). For example, combined transit a nd point-of-sale packaging saves store labour through faster shelf loading, pro- vides ease of access to product thereby obviating the need to use pot entially dangerous unsafe cutting tools, and presents an opportunity for so urce reduce.The total distribution cost affects the total volume of demand throug h its influence on price (McKinnon, 1989). For some fast-moving commo dity type products, such as pasteurised milk, the cost of distribution and r etail mer- chandising is usually a sizeable proportion of total product cost representing up to 50 per cent or more of the sales price. The cost of pack aging materials and containers also adds slightly to the cost but design of the optimal packaging system can significantly reduce cost in the retail di stribution chain. The development of global food supply chains has meant that many points of production have located further away from the points of consump- tion, often resulting in higher distribution cost. Controlling distribution cost through improved operational efficiency in the supply ch ain is a key to competitive advantage for a retailer. The retailer must maxi mise operational efficiency in the distribution channel (West, 1989). The goal of distribution is to deliver the requisite level of service to customersat the least cost. The identification of the most cost-effective logistical pa ckaging is becoming more crucial. Cost areas in distribution include stora ge, inventory, transport, administration and packaging. Storage, inventory, transport and store labour are major cost areas for the retailer while trans port, storage and packaging are the main cost areas for the food manufact urer. The efficiency of the multiple retail food supply chain relies on close com- munication between retailers, food manufacturers and packaging su ppliers. It also relies on accurate order forecasting of likely demand. Mass ive investment in information technology has enabled closer integration o f the supply chain and, through electronic data interchange (EDI), has ens ured that stock moves to stores on a just-in-time (JIT) basis, and is sold w ell before the expiry date. The bar code is a code that allows the industry-wide identification of retail product units by means of a unique reference number, the major application being the electronic point of sale (EPoS) sy stem at the retail checkout. The use of the bar code for identification of pr imary, secondary and tertiary packaging has enabled efficient distribution management and stock control.。
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包装对食品发展的影响
赋予审美和/或功能属性。
包装在预测零售商的形象，赢得竞争优势方面起着重要的支撑作用。
一般零售商自己的品牌形象的目的是积极的消息，如高品质的，健康的饮食，新鲜，环保意识还是物有所值的整体。
例如，零售商是热衷于环保意识，推动部分为可生物降解、可堆肥包装成长的利基市场，他们正在使用它作为与客户的沟通点。
包装与广告是密切相关的，但它远远超过了广告，重点是因为它每天在家里和在零售货架上向消费者介绍产品。
商品显示，目前用一个有吸引力的或有趣的方式和媒体广告与包装的形象一致的包装设计也有利于促进品牌。
品牌的拥有者是经常负责采购操作，促销活动的关键是通过利用有效的包装，存在多种返还优惠的方式，如免费额外的产品，退返现金，特别版，新的改进产品，铝箔新鲜包装。
零售商使用的条形码扫描信息，然后购买和销售的决策，对其产生了很大的影响。
他们的任务是更好地利用这一信息消费行为为目的，并建立品牌忠诚度。
零售商还可以使用此信息来评估新的包装设计有效性，返还促销和新产品销售。
包装的作用在多个零售物流配送和店内商品有严格的限制。
零售商是接受包装，降低经营成本，增加存货周转率，转化为吸引力商品显示器 - 如预组装或易于装配显示 - 满足物流服务水平（可靠性，响应速度和产品的可用性）。
例如，联合运输销售点包装节省商店劳动力通过更快货架载荷，从而避免需要使用有潜在危险的不安全的切割工具，提供方便的机会，并减少了污染源的可能。
总经销成本影响，通过对价格的影响（麦金农，1989）的需求总量。
对于一些快速移动商品型产品，如巴氏杀菌奶，分销及零售商品成本产品总成本占高达50％或更多的销售价格通常是一个相当大的比例。
包装材料和容器还增加了成本而设计出最佳包装系统可以大大降低在零售连锁配送的成本。
发展全球食品供应链意
味着，许多生产点位置远离消费点，往往导致配送成本较高。
通过改善供应链运作效率，进行分销成本控制是一个零售商竞争优势关键。
零售商必须最大限度地发挥在分销渠道（西，1989年）的运作效率。
分配目标是以最少的成本为客户提供必要的服务水平，最具成本效益后勤包装标识变得更加重要。
配送成本领域，包括仓储，库存，运输，管理包装；仓储，库存，运输和储存劳动是零售商的主要成本区而运输，仓储包装食品制造商主要成本区。
多种零售食品供应链效率依赖于零售商，食品生产商和包装供应商之间密切沟通。
它还依赖于准确的订单预测可能的市场需求。
信息技术大规模投资，使更紧密的供应链的整合，并通过电子数据交换（EDI），确保股票上刚刚在实时（JIT）的基础上移动商店，出售届满前条形码是一个代码，使全行业的零售产品单位鉴定通过一个独特的参考号码，主要应用在零售结帐电子销售系统（EPOS）。
小学，中学和大专院校包装使用鉴定的条形码，使有效的分配管理和库存控制。
附件2：外文原文
FOOD PACKING TECHNOLOGY
guidelines on the minimum size of lettering and numbers, there are definitions for the various types of product. Consumers are seeking more detailed nformation about products and, at the same time, many labels have become multilingual. Legibility of labels is an issue for the visually impaired and this is likely to become more important with an increasingly elderly population..
A major driver of food choice and packaging innovation is the consumer
demand for convenience. There are many convenience attributes offered by modern packaging. These include ease of access and opening, disposal and handling, product visibility, resealability, microwaveability, prolonged shelf life etc. Demographic trends in the age profile of the UK and other advanced
economies reveal a declining birth rate and rapid growth of a relatively afflu-。