论文摘要翻译
毕业论文外文翻译(中英文)
译文交通拥堵和城市交通系统的可持续发展摘要:城市化和机动化的快速增长,通常有助于城市交通系统的发展，是经济性，环境性和社会可持续性的体现,但其结果是交通量无情增加，导致交通拥挤。
道路拥挤定价已经提出了很多次，作为一个经济措施缓解城市交通拥挤，但还没有见过在实践中广泛使用，因为道路收费的一些潜在的影响仍然不明。
本文首先回顾可持续运输系统的概念,它应该满足集体经济发展,环境保护和社会正义的目标.然后,根据可持续交通系统的特点，使拥挤收费能够促进经济增长，环境保护和社会正义。
研究结果表明,交通拥堵收费是一个切实有效的方式，可以促进城市交通系统的可持续发展。
一、介绍城市交通是一个在世界各地的大城市迫切关注的话题。
随着中国的城市化和机动化的快速发展,交通拥堵已成为一个越来越严重的问题,造成较大的时间延迟,增加能源消耗和空气污染，减少了道路网络的可靠性．在许多城市,交通挤塞情况被看作是经济发展的障碍.我们可以使用多种方法来解决交通挤塞,包括新的基础设施建设，改善基础设施的维护和操作,并利用现有的基础设施,通过需求管理策略,包括定价机制,更有效地减少运输密度.交通拥堵收费在很久以前就已提出，作为一种有效的措施,来缓解的交通挤塞情况。
交通拥堵收费的原则与目标是通过对选择在高峰拥挤时段的设施的使用实施附加收费,以纾缓拥堵情况．转移非高峰期一些出行路线,远离拥挤的设施或高占用车辆，或完全阻止一些出行,交通拥堵收费计划将在节省时间和降低经营成本的基础上,改善空气中的质量，减少能源消耗和改善过境生产力。
此计划在世界很多国家和地方都有成功的应用。
继在2０世纪70年代初和8０年代中期挪威与新加坡实行收费环,在20０３年2月伦敦金融城推出了面积收费；直至现在,它都是已经开始实施拥挤收费的大都市圈中一个最知名的例子。
然而,交通拥堵收费由于理论和政治的原因未能在实践中广泛使用。
道路收费的一些潜在的影响尚不清楚,和城市发展的拥塞定价可持续性,需要进一步研究。
论文英文摘要翻译浅析(优秀3篇)
论文英文摘要翻译浅析（优秀3篇）范文为教学中作为模范的文章，也常常用来指写作的模板。
常常用于文秘写作的参考，也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。
那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢？下面是小编为大伙儿带来的3篇《论文英文摘要翻译浅析》，可以帮助到您，就是小编最大的乐趣哦。
摘要的英语说法篇一summary摘要的英语例句：篇二1、 First, we have this roundup of the days news.首先来看今天的新闻摘要。
2、 The material below is a distillation of his work.下面的材料是他工作的摘要。
3、 Viewers saw him anchoring a five-minute summary of regional news.观众看见他主持一个5分钟的地方新闻摘要节目。
4、The organization publishes a regular digest of environmental statistics.该组织定期出版一份环境统计数据摘要。
5、 Well be back after the break with a round-up oftodays other stories.休息之后我们会摘要报道今天其他的新闻。
6、 Later we received resumes of what she had said.后来我们收到她讲话的摘要。
7、Objective Inquiry into the heavy asphy_iation rescues measure of the new born.摘要目的探讨新生儿重度窒息抢救的措施。
8、 He has abstracted the speech.他对讲话作了摘要。
9、 He made an abstract of a long article.他对一篇长文章做了摘要。
毕业论文摘要英文翻译
毕业论文摘要英文翻译Abstract:This paper examines the effects of exercise on mental health and well-being. As individuals continue to face increasing levels of stress and anxiety, it is important to explore alternative methods of managing and improving mental well-being. Exercise has been widely recognized as a potential solution, and numerous studies have investigated the relationship between physical activity and mental health. This research aims to synthesize and evaluate existing literature to determine the impact of exercise on mental health outcomes. The study also investigates the mechanisms through which exercise influences mental well-being.The literature review confirms the positive relationship between exercise and mental health. Regular physical activity has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, exercise is associated with improved cognitive function and increased self-esteem. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the beneficial effects of exercise, including the release of endorphins, increased blood flow to the brain, and social interaction.Despite the evidence supporting the positive effects of exercise on mental health, barriers exist that prevent individuals from engaging in regular physical activity. These barriers include lack of time, motivation, and access to exercise facilities. Strategies to overcome these barriers are discussed, such as incorporating exercise intodaily routines, setting realistic goals, and utilizing community resources.In conclusion, exercise has a significant positive impact on mental health and well-being. This research highlights the importance of integrating physical activity into daily life, especially in the face of increasing levels of stress and anxiety. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for individuals, healthcare providers, and policymakers. By promoting the benefits of exercise and addressing the barriers to physical activity, society can strive towards improved mental well-being for all.。
论文季,搞定摘要翻译
论文季又到，教你如何搞定摘要翻译！每年这个时候既是大四学生的毕业季，又是毕业生们的论文季；每年这个时候如何搞定论文是个大问题，如何搞定论文摘要的翻译又是个大问题；找翻译公司还是托请英语专业的同学？正所谓“求人不求己”，论文摘要翻译其实有一套颇为简单的路数，只要手里的工具用得好，谁都能变成高手！-----------------------题记笔者上大学的时候曾经帮不少同学翻译过论文摘要，也因此总结了一套简单的路数，今天就写下来，以飨网友！准备工作：在正式开始进行论文摘要翻译之前，请务必保证电脑联网，并在浏览器中打开以下网站：1.Google：注：建议写论文查资料多用Google。
2.Google Translate：/注：谷歌翻译是论文翻译必备，后文中将会讲解谷歌翻译的用途3.一本词典：/注：笔者曾经使用CNKI助手，但是貌似这个工具已经不更新了，“一本词典”（）算得上是在线词典类网站新秀，内容不断更新，而且界面干净简洁，不过最重要的一点是该网站的定位是“技术、科学、专利、论文专业术语翻译及例句查询”，宣称能“在海量科技材料、专利信息、学术论文数据中查到所需的翻译”。
4.句酷：/注：笔者使用句酷多年，现在基本上是把一本词典和句酷同时打开，将两者的语料库合并起来用，感觉很不错。
开始翻译：由于笔者不便将他人的论文摘要公布在网上，所以从网络上寻找了一篇问答网站上的论文摘要内容。
笔者搜索“论文摘要翻译”后在“新浪爱问”上看到这样一条问题：求论文摘要人工翻译，不要机器或者谷歌翻译的，请帮帮忙，谢谢。
问题下附有三大段摘要内容，由于篇幅有限，笔者就不将摘要内容全文贴过来，网友们可自行前往后附网站地址中查看：/b/19630911.html例1：原文：“随着我国经济的发展和社会的进步，具有高技能的技术型人才的需求量越来越大，高技能技术型人才已然成了稀缺资源。
”译法：这是该篇论文摘要的第一句，没有什么术语，所以使用句酷比较好。
论文英文摘要翻译
论文英文摘要翻译AbstractThe rapid development of technology has greatly affected various industries, including the education sector. E-learning, as a form of remote education, has gained popularity in recent years. This paper aims to investigate the impact of e-learning on students' learning outcomes and motivation.To achieve this objective, a literature review was conducted to identify the relevant research on e-learning and its effects. The findings show that e-learning has positive effects on students' learning outcomes, such as increased knowledge acquisition and self-directed learning skills. E-learning provides a flexible learning environment, allowing students to access educational resources anytime and anywhere. This convenience enhances students' motivation and engagement in learning activities.However, the effectiveness of e-learning depends on various factors. The quality of the e-learning platform and instructional design plays a crucial role in engaging students and promoting effective learning. In addition, the role of teachers in facilitating e-learning is also important. Teachers' guidance and support are essential in helping students navigate the online learning platform and clarify any doubts.Moreover, the digital divide is a significant challenge in implementing e-learning. Not all students have access to reliable internet connection and necessary technological devices. Therefore, it is crucial to bridge the digital divide to ensure equalopportunities in e-learning.Furthermore, challenges such as limited social interaction and a lack of personalized feedback in e-learning need to be addressed. Efforts should be made to incorporate interactive features and provide timely feedback to promote effective learning and address students' individual needs.In conclusion, e-learning has the potential to positively impact students' learning outcomes and motivation. However, it is crucial to address challenges related to technological infrastructure, instructional design, and teacher support to maximize the benefits of e-learning. Future research should focus on exploring effective strategies for integrating e-learning into traditional educational settings to create a blended learning approach.Keywords: e-learning, learning outcomes, motivation, instructional design, teacher support。
毕业论文摘要翻译
毕业论文摘要翻译关于《毕业论文摘要翻译》，是我们特意为大家整理的，希望对大家有所帮助。
摘要自从1789 年法国将言论自由作为一项基本权利写进《人权与公民权宣言》以来，言论自由权利获得了全世界的认可，先后被各个国家写进自己的宪法，被认定为是公民的一项最基本的自由，具有极其重要的社会价值。
一个国家公民是否具有言论自由权已经成为评判一个国家是否民主的重要标准。
特别是到了现在的自媒体时代，人人都是记者，人人都是发言人，人们的言论自由得到了更多的表达途径，也理应受到更多的言论自由保护措施。
本文将以杭州中泰九峰垃圾焚烧场群体性事件为主导案例，结合我国目前的言论自由现状，对比美国、德国的言论自由的保护措施，找出我国目前在言论自由方面所做的不足，并提出相对应的完善言论自由保护的意见与建议。
这对于提高我国公民言论自由权保护水平，完善我国公民基本权利制度具有积极意义。
本文共分为四个部分：第一部分，言论自由权概述。
对言论自由权的含义、范围进行一定的界定。
并对自媒体时代言论自由的特点与特征进行分析。
第二部分，国外公民言论自由保护的研究。
本部分将主要研究美国、德国等几个的国家的言论自由保护措施，吸取教训，总结经验。
第三部分，结合案例分析我国言论自由保护的不足。
本部分将以“杭州中泰九峰垃圾焚烧事件”为主导案例来分析现阶段我国的言论自由现状，并分析言论自由保护中存在的不足。
第四部分，加强言论自由保护的意见与建议。
本部分将以前述部分为依据，针对查找到的问题，结合我国的实际情况，提出完善我国言论自由权保护的意见与建议。
AbstractIn 1789, the freedom of speech was written into the Declaration of human andcivil rights as a fundamental right in France.since then, the right to freedom of speechgained have get worldwide recognization,was written into their constitutions by manycountries. It was identified as one of the most fundamental freedoms of citizens, hasan extremely important social value. The freedom of speech has become an importantcriterion for judging whether a country is democratic or not. In the time ofw-media,everyone can be a reporter, everyone can be a spokeman, the right to freedom ofspeech became more and more import,and it decive more protect.This article will introduce the events of zhongtai jiufeng, based on the presentstatus of freedom, compared to the freedom of speech in Amercia and Germany. Tofind out the infufficient in our country, and give out the opinions and suggestions topertect the freedom of speech. It has great meaning for the improvement of thefreedom of speech.This paper is divided into four parts:The first part: The right to freedom. We will outlines the Meaning, scope of theright to freedom of speech. Analysis the traits and characteristics of the freedom ofspeech.The second part: analysis of the protect in forgien countries.This section mainlydiscusses the measures to protect the freedom of speech in Amercia and Germany,learn, summing up their experience.The third part: analysis of free speech protection in China. This section will treatthe zhongtai jiufeng event as the main case, analyze the status of freedom of speech inour country, to find out the deficiencies in the protect.The fourth Part, opinions and suggestions to protect the freedom of speech.Based on the parts indicated in the previous section, according to the problemsidentified, combined with China's actual situation, give out several opinions andsuggestions to improve the protect measures of the freedom of speech.摘要弗鲁曼塔里伊（frumentarii）是罗马帝国元首制时期由皇帝直接领导具有通信、情报和监督职能的人员。
论文摘要的翻译
计算机信息系统在预防药物性不良反应中的作用 Preventing Adverse Drug Events (ADEs): The Role of Computer Information System
中国学生贷款补贴的资助功能与绩效评价 An Evaluation of the Performance of Government-Subsidized Student Loan in China
汉语标题中常用的"试论……","浅谈……", "…… 的管窥","……的研究","……的探 讨","……刍议",如何翻译?
汉语标题中常用的"试论……","浅谈……", "…… 的管窥","……的研究","……的探 讨","……刍议",如何翻译?
在中国的常见期刊中,一般翻译成 "A Study of/on…" (of和on可互换,意义相同), "A Report of/on…", "The Survey of/on…", "The Observation on/of…", "The Research on…"
Questions and answers
A good abstract will not leave an impression of being vague or general, but it must also not be overly detailed. You may decide to devote one or two sentences at the beginning to background: just enough so that the reader will find the questions around which the work centers to be both intelligible and worth asking. The primary objective, however, is to sketch out what you personally have done to clarify the problem of interest, what new things you discovered along the way, and what answers you are now in a position to supply to the original questions.
英文医学论文摘要翻译练习
摘要翻译练习1. 中药灯盏细辛注射液治疗急性缺血性脑卒中：随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析Chinese herbal medicine Dengzhan Xixin injection for acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials目的评价中药灯盏细辛注射液治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的有效性和安全性。
方法在6个电子数据库中，使用计算机检索有关灯盏细辛注射用于急性缺血性脑卒中的随机对照试验，使用Cochrane偏倚风险工具评估随机对照试验的方法学质量。
使用RevMan 5.3进行数据合成，并给出平均差异或相对风险及其95％置信区间。
使用GRADEpro（版本3.6）生成研究发现结果的总结表。
结果共纳入25项随机对照临床试验，含有2498名参与者，所有试验均采用在双臂的常规治疗。
大多数研究具有较高的偏倚风险。
在治疗期间（14-35天），常规治疗合并灯盏细辛注射液没有明显改善死亡率（RR : 0.27，95％CI: 0.05至1.63），但是可以提高Barthel指数评分（MD: 10.20, 95％CI: 8.16至12.25），降低神经功能缺损评分（（MD: -3.99，95％CI：-5.68 至-2.30），根据NFDS方法; （MD: -1.67，95％CI：-2.59至-0.76），根据NIHSS方法），治疗失败率较低（RR: 0.40, 95％CI: 0.31至0.52）。
13项试验（52％）报告了不良事件的结果，但未报告严重不良事件。
结论低质量证据表明灯盏细辛注射夜似乎可改善急性缺血性卒中患者的神经功能。
但是，需要大规模和严格的临床试验来进一步研究这种可能的益处。
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine Dengzhan Xixin (Erigeron breviscapus) injection for acute ischemic stroke.Methods Six electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of Dengzhan Xixin (DZXX) injection for acute ischemic stroke. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool.Data synthesis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and was presented with mean difference (MD) or relative risk (RR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI). A summary of finding table was generated by GRADEpro (version 3.6).Results Twenty-five RCTs with 2498 participants were included and all trials adopted conventional therapy (CT) in both arms. Most of the studies had high risk of bias.The addition of DZXX to CT showed no significant benefit on death (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.05–1.63) within the treatment period (14–35 d), but showed higher Barthel index score (MD 10.20, 95% CI 8.16–12.25), lower neurological function deficit score (MD −3.99, 95% CI −5.68 to −2.30, by NFDS; MD −1.67, 95% CI −2.59 to −0.76, by NIHSS), and lower treatment failure (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.31–0.52). Thirteen trials (52%) reported the outcome of adverse events, but no serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion Low quality evidence implied that DZXX injection appeared to improve neurological function in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, this potential benefit should be further studied in large, rigorous trials.2. 目的运用Meta分析法评价中医药降低早期糖尿病肾病患者尿蛋白水平的疗效。
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[Abstract]
Objective: To study the changes of the ultrasonic elastic modulus of renal cortex, vertebral body and sinus in different degree of acute renal artery stenosis.
Methods: 10 Japanese long ear rabbits, anesthesia, laparotomy, separation of the left renal artery, by a bundle method caused different degree of renal artery stenosis: renal artery stenosis 0% (no beam bar), renal artery stenosis is more than or equal to 50% of renal artery and 100% stenosis of ligation. The probe was placed on the surface of the left kidney. The young's modulus of the middle cortex, vertebral body and the kidney was detected by ultrasonic shear wave elastic imaging. After the measurement of the elastic modulus of ultrasound shear wave in the three degree of renal artery stenosis,pathological studies were performed in 1 kidneys.
Results: 0% for renal artery stenosis, average values of Young's modulus of middle kidney cortex renis 、renal vertebral body and sinus renalis were (16.31 + 1.70) kPa, (13.38 + 1.63) kPa, (12.75 + 2. 26) kPa; when the renal artery stenosis rate is more than or equal to 50%, t average values of Young's modulus of middle kidney cortex renis 、renal vertebral body and sinus renalis respectively (14.16 + 2.34) kPa, (11.49 + 2.70) kPa (10.72 + 2.56) kPa. When 100% of renal artery stenosis, average values of Young's modulus of middle kidney cortex renis 、renal vertebral body and sinus renalis were( 11.35 + 1.48) kPa, (8.39 + 1.29) kPa (7.08 + 1.52) kPa. In different degree of renal artery stenosis, the young's modulus of renal cortex was significantly higher than that of the renal vertebral body and sinus, and there was statistical significance (P < 0.05). With the increase of the degree of renal artery stenosis, the young's modulus of renal cortex, vertebral body and renal pelvis were gradually decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Pathological study showed that with the increase of the degree of stenosis, glomerular volume gradually reduced, the red cells decreased gradually; renal tubule showed mild degeneration; renal interstitial vascular ischemic changes, reduced blood, showing a slight degeneration.
Conclusion: the young's modulus of renal cortex was higher than that of the Renal vertebral body and sinus in different degree of acute renal artery stenosis. With the increase of the degree of renal artery stenosis, the young's modulus of the kidney cortex, vertebral body and renal sinus were gradually decreased.
[Key words] renal artery stenosis, Young's modulus value, ultrasonic shear wave elasticity imaging technique, rabbit
【摘要】
目的研究不同程度急性肾动脉狭窄时肾脏肾皮质、肾椎体及肾窦的超声弹性模量值改变。
方法10只日本大耳白兔，麻醉、开腹、分离左肾动脉，用束扎法造成不同程度肾动脉狭窄：肾动脉狭窄0%（未束扎）、肾动脉狭窄≥50%及肾动脉狭窄100%（结扎）。
探头放于左肾脏表面，超声剪切波弹性成像技术检测肾脏中部皮质、椎体及肾窦的杨氏模量平均值，比较不同程度肾动脉狭窄时肾脏组织硬度变化。
在上述3种程度肾动脉狭窄超声剪切波弹性模量值测量后，各取1个肾脏进行病理学研究。
结果0%肾动脉狭窄时，肾中部肾皮质、肾椎体及肾窦的杨氏模量平均值分别为(16.31±1.70)kPa、（13.38±1.63）kPa、（12.75±2，26)kPa；肾动脉狭窄率≥50%时，肾中部皮质、肾椎体及肾窦的杨氏模量平均值分别为(14.16±2.34)kPa、（11.49±2.70）kPa及（10.72±2.56)kPa；100%肾动脉狭窄时，肾中部皮质、肾椎体及肾窦的杨氏模量平均值分别为(11.35±1.48)kPa、（8.39±1.29）kPa及（7.08±1.52)kPa。
不同程度肾动脉狭窄时，肾皮质的杨氏模量值均明显高于肾椎体及肾窦，有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。
随着肾动脉狭窄程度增加，肾皮质、肾椎体及肾盂的杨氏模量值呈逐渐减低，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。
病理研究显示，随着狭窄程度的加重，肾小球体积逐渐缩小，其内红细胞逐渐减少；肾小管可见轻度变性；肾间质内血管缺血性改变、血液减少，可见轻微变性。
结论不同程度急性肾动脉狭窄时，肾皮质的杨氏模量值高于肾椎体及肾窦。
随着肾动脉狭窄程度增加，肾皮质、椎体及肾窦的杨氏模量值均逐渐减低。
【关键词】肾动脉狭窄，杨氏模量值，超声剪切波弹性成像技术，兔。