UNIT4对话口译
商务现场口译第四单元Unit 4 Business Travel(商务旅行)
2
Unit 4 business travel
3
Descriptive writing
Narrative writing
Expositive writing
Persuasive writing
Identification of the speech types
4
Sentence level
1.When did the author first arrive in the US? 2.What did the author do on his way to the hotel? 3.Where did the author get something to eat after his friend had left? 4.Why couldn’t he have what he really wanted at the restaurant? 5.What did the author do after dinner?
I am honored to accompany you throughout your travel here. I will be glad if I can answer some of your questions now and address the others as we tour.
• Subject, verb and object • Major information
Discourse level
• Gist of the speech • The first few sentences • Speaker’s logical guidelines
5
Listen to the passage and answer the followingห้องสมุดไป่ตู้questions:
商务英语口译Unit 4 Time of Delivery
• L: Sorry, I’m afraid we can not guarantee.
• J: I see. I hope you can contact me in good time if you have any problems or changes.
• L: Yes, thank you for your understanding. I’ll call you as soon as the goods are shipped.
小飞守角制作
Part Three
Unit 4 Time of Delivery
• L: Mr. Wilson, yesterday we have discussed this problem, right? I think we can supply 50,000 at the beginning of next month. However, in accordance with your request to deliver goods on 20th this month, we can only supply 40,000.
wordsandphrases?1timeofdelivery交货时间?2makedelivery交货?3atthebeginningofnextmonth下月初?4effectshipment完成装船?5getthegoodsready备货?6makeoutthedocuments制单?7booktheshippingspace订舱?8themidseason旺季?9advancetheshipment提前装运partthree小飞守角制作unit4timeofdelivery?10domybest尽力?11makeimmediatedelivery立即发货?12theremainder余下部分?13workoutthedeliveryplan制定运送计划?14ensureontimedelivery保证按时交货?15oneofthemachineswasdown其中一台机器出问题了?16ingoodtime及时?17thankyouforyouunderstanding
上外中级口译第三版听力教程原文及讲解--Unit 4
中级口译听力教程第三版2AAn intermediate course of English listening. Third edition.Unit four. Part one. How children learn social behaviors.2. Exercises. 1. This is a talk about how children learn social behaviors. Listen to the first part of the talk and then supply the missing words you hear from the talk.W: Hi, welcome. Today we are going to talk about how children learn social behaviors, especially how they learn lessons from the family, the most basic unit of our social structure. There are a lot of discussions these days about how families are changing, and whether non-traditional families have a good or bad effect on children. But it’s important to remember that the type of the family a child comes from is not nearly as important as the kind of love and support that exist in the home. I’d like to focus on three of the ways the children acquire their behavior, through rewards, punishments, and finally modeling. First then, let’s discuss rewards. A reward can be defined as a positive reinforcement for good behavior. An example of a reward is when the parent says if you eat your vegetable you can have ice-cream for dissert, or a parent might say finish your homework first then you can watch TV. Most parents use rewards unconsciously, because they want their children to behave well. For example, a parent might give a gift to a child because the child behaved well, or parents might give child money for doing what the parents asked.2. Now listen to the second part of the talk. Provide the missing information in the spaces given below.The opposite of the reward is a punishment. Punishments are the second important way in which a child is socialized. All of us have probably been punished in our lives. For example maybe our parents stopped us from going out with friends, because we did something we were not supposed to do, or maybe they wouldn’t let us watch TV, because we got a bad grade on the test. Both rewards and punishments are controversial. Many people think they are not effective or necessary, especially when used often. Let’s take this situation. A young boy has been asked to take out the garbage. Listen to situation A. The parents say if you take out the garbage for me I will give you a cookie. Some people argue that this reward is unnecessary, because it’s like a bribe. They argue that the child should be taught that it’s his duty to help with house hold chords, and that he should not get a special reward for doing something that’s his responsibility. Situation B would go something like this. David please take out the trash now. And David says OK dad. Not surprisingly punishment is extremely controversial, especially when the punishment is physical. Some of us grew up expecting to be spanked if we misbehaved. For example, our parents may have hit us on the hand if we talked back to them. But I don’t agree that spanking can teach children anything. And sadly some children are subject to really serious physical abuse. According to a study I just read one in 22 children is a victim of physical abuse. Children who come from homes where violence were used to solve problems are much more likely to abuse their own children when they become adults and have their own families.Part 2. Statements. 3. Exercises. Listen and then choose the answer which is closed in meaning to each statement you hear.1. Since you said you totally agreed with Tom’s views, you ought to have stood up for him in the argument at the meeting yesterday afternoon.2. Alan used to read 2 books a week when he was attending university in Germany, but now he reads twice as many.3. Located by the lake side and surrounded with so many tall trees, it would have been an attractiv e house if it hadn’t been painted green.4. Failing to understand what professor Grown said in class, the students were confused about the written assignment that he told them to do.5. You say that George is going to work in New York for the summer. But can he do that and also go to summer school?6. I just have to make several phone calls and will be ready in a few minutes. You can go down to the lobby for the paper.7. It was the rush hour and the traffic was extremely heavy on the street. The bus should have arrived at 8 o’clock. But it didn’t arrive until 8:45.8. Jenny is extremely busy these days. She has to spend so much time in the library to finish her papers before the exams begin.9. After studying and teaching in that well-known university for 25 years, Charles has left there for good. He is living quietly now in his hometown.10. Mike said he was looking for a job in a book store, but when he had the chance to work there he turned it down.11. We tried to persuade him not to go swimming in the lake by the forest, but in vain. He never listens to others.12. After his doctor told him how to stay healthy, Mr. Johnson hardly ever smokes, though he used to be a chain smoker.13. I got some bad news today. The store where I work is laying off staff. I am worried that they are going to let me go.14. As a member of the board of the multi-national company he has no voice at all in the matter, though he little realizes it.15. Lucky you! You finished your exams and can relax and go to the movie tonight. I have still got two more finals to take.16. After investigating the case for more than 2 months under the order of the public security minister, the police all but caught the smugglers.17. Although the accountant promised to help by all he could, the auditor called into question the accuracy of the figures in the book.18. Sitting all day in the reading room with so many students passing by him, the professor often loses himself in books.19. I hear that you are taking professor Barn’s cou rse next semester, if I were you I would take careful notes, his exams are based on his lectures.20. If you have no change for the parking meter, go into the restaurant right across the street. You will probably be able to change a dollar bill.Part 3. 3. Exercises.1. My family. Listen to the following conversation about Simon’s family. And then choose the best answer to each question you hear.W: Hello, Simon. I’d like to talk to you about your family.M: Well, probably the most important influence in my life was my family. Not just my mother and father, but my extended family. I grew up very close to them. I had never really sawpeople out besides my family. And we lived together in a 3 generation house.W: Three generations in one house? That’s am azing!M: I remember feeling when I was in the car, and we were going some place with my parents and grand-parents. I used to feel sorry for all the other children on the street, because they weren’t going anywhere with their own families. So I was very h appy.W: Weren’t there ever any problems with you all live in the same house?M: Well, there was a time when I was in college. And you see my father always wanted his children with him. He was actually more protective of us than my mother was. And I remember I had a big project to do for school. And they were going away for the weekend, and I had decided that I wasn’t going to go because I needed to do my work. And this caused a terrible problem. And I did end up going because my father was so upset. So I think of course as I got older I started to realize that I had to live my own life. But it wasn’t that easy. W: How many children were there?M: Well, I was the oldest of three boys. And of course we used to dance and roller-skate in the basement and pl ay together, I didn’t play with children on my block very much.W: It sounds like you had a really good up-bringing.M: Well, I had very positive feelings about my family. And the most positive feeling is love. What I learned from different people in my family and perhaps some of my best traits, my father was a very generous person, and I learned that you should care about other people. Questions:1) Which of the following statements is true about Simon’s family?2) According Simon what was the problem with his family?3) How many children were there in Simon’s family?4) Simon says he has very positive feelings about his family. What is the most positive feeling according to him?2. Growing up in the single parent house hold. This is a conversation about a single parent family. Listen and then choose the best answer to each question you hear.W: Michael, I know you grew up in a single parent house hold. Can you tell me about your family?M: OK. My mother and father migrated to the US from Mexico when I was 5 years old, and my sister was 3. But then my mother left my father, so it was just my mother, my sister and myself. And my mother was a garnered worker. You know, sewing. But that industry is seasonal. So when there was work she worked a lot, then she would find people to take care of us until she got home. When we were a little older we pretty much took care of ourselves. W: Did you play with other kids in the neighborhood much?M: Oh, yeah, there was a good stretch when I was in junior high school and played out in the street a lot. After school I would be out and just play stick ball, marbles, yoyo, just ran around the neighborhood.W: What kind of lessons do you think you learn from your mother?M: Well, I guess there were 2 things. The first thing I remember is being taught to pretty much take care of myself. You know, picking up after yourself around the house. And I remember her teaching me cooking, cleaning, and ironing, and I remember running errands because in dinner time there was always something she had forgotten to get.W: You said you learned 2 lessons.M: I guess the other lesson was just, you know, how important it is to get an education. I remember she wanted us to learn Spanish, so she bought a blackboard and started teaching us in the house.W: Well, Michael, over the past generation or so, family structures has changed a lot. How important do you think these changes are?M: Well, I don’t really know if it has changed that much. Sure, there has been an increasing single par ent households. But I don’t know if the family has really changed. But I do think is important is having a person in the family who does what has to be done to show you the right way, so that you get an education, moral instruction, religious outlook, some positive influences in you life, and anger in your life. So, for example, school was very influential in my life. There were enough good teachers to really point me in the right direction. It’s not just what you get in the home, but other positive influences as well.Questions:1) Who compose Michael’s family when his parents separated?2) What was his mother’s job at that time?3) Michael says he learned 2 lessons from his mother, what was the first lesson?4) What was the second lesson he learned from his mother?5) Which of the following statements is true about Michael’s life?3. Is there any advice you could give parents? This is a conversation about adolescence. Listen and then choose the best answer to each question you hear.W: Peter, they say that adolescence is the time when people begin to get most pressure from their peers. Do you think that’s true?M: What I have seen is that adolescence is the time when the pressure begins to shift from the family and the school to friends. I think it begins about 11, but comes into full bloom at about 13, 14.W: What actually happens then?M: Well, the first thing you see is that adolescence begins to make fashion statements. And certainly those ideas don’t come from you. You can tell at a glance that they don’t come from you, like wearing baggy pants that look like it falling down, and piercing their ears. My younger son began to ask if he could dye his hair blue.W: And what did you say?M: We said when he was a little older, he could make that decision, with the hope that that fad would have passed out of style.W: OK, but where would you draw the line? I mean you let him wear baggy pants, but would you let him dye his hair?M: I think in the end I would, but not without a fight.W: So what other things happen?M: Well, as the kids get older you start to lose them, because they are always talking on the phone or talking on line or doing other things. Even when they are home they are in their room most of the time talking on the phone and not just talking on the phone, they might be talking to one person on the phone and to other people on line. And the only thing you know for sure is they are not talking to you.W: Do you think this is all normal behavior? I mean should you be trying to monitor it?M: I think both. It’s healthy to develop your own values, your own tastes. But I also think thatparents should be monitoring it. When it’s a question of fashion, that’s OK. Where you draw the line is when they are doing something dangerous or illegal, drugs, smoking, drinking. W: Is there any advice you could give parents?M: Well, one thing is to think back to your own experiences as a teenager. I must say I find myself repeating the same annoying language my father used with me. I have to try to remember not to do that.W: So how you talked to your kids is important.M: Yes, and it’s hard to watch your kids doing things you don’t want them to do. For example, my kids are into video games. And I can’t find any value whatsoever in these games. But I think you don’t have to like everything your kids do, as long as it’s not dangerous or illegal. Questions:1) What are they talking about in the short conversation?2) According to the conversation adolescence likes to do several things. Which of the following is not one of these things?3) Apart from arguments with their kids, what other things happen to parents as their children get older?4) What is the parents’ right attitude towards such behavior of their kids?5) What advice does the man give to parents at the end of the conversation?Part four. Listening and translation. 3. Exercises.1. Sentence translation. Listen and translate each sentence you have heard into Chinese. Then write it in the space given below.1) Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it. One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper.2) Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money you can get a little house in the country with a garden of your own.3) A total of 442 manufacturers from over 10 countries and regions including China’s Hongkong, Germany, India, Korea, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom, set up 560 boosts to show case their latest range of merchandises.4) Heart disease is the leading cause of death among American women. Yet recent surveys indicate that many women continue to underestimate the threat of heart disease.5) Two teenage boys were arrested for setting their school on fire. They entered the school after classes were over. And set fire to the teacher’s lounge. Luckily no one was hurt.2. Passage translation. Listen and translate each passage you have heard into Chinese. Then write it in the space given below. You may take notes while you are listening.1) Because of the energy crisis, scientists have become increasingly interested in the potential of solar energy. The problem that solar energy researchers face is how to harness the sun’s energy effectively and inexpensively. All the useful energy at the surface o f the earth comes from the activity of the sun. The sun heats and feeds mankind. Each year it provides men with 200 million tons of grain, and nearly 10 million tons of wood.2) As one of the largest trade fairs in London for Asian made toys, gifts and household products, the Asia expo has successfully helped thousands of Asian suppliers link up with their numerous European buyers in the past 7 years. This year, the 7th Asia expo was held from Jan 30th to Feb 2ed at Olympia Exhibition Center London. It accommodated 604 exhibitors from China, Korea, Vie Nam, India, and many other Asian countries in a total of631 boods displaying high quality Asian products.Unit fourPart one How children learn social behaviorReinforcement加固; 加强; 增援.DessertTo socialize with（同他人）来往, 交往, 交际/使（某人）适应社会生活Controversial引起或可能引起争论的CookieHouseholdChoreTrash拙劣的材料﹑作品/垃圾; 废物/没出息的人To spank掴（尤指小孩）（尤指打屁股惩罚）: spank a child's bottom掴小孩的屁股.Part twoTo stand up for defend them and make your feelings or opinions very clear= stick up for Lobby（入口的）厅堂; 前厅/游说（政治家等）支持或反对某立法议案Auditor审计员; 查帐人To call in question ask questionFor goodTo lay off 解雇All butBristol布里斯托尔英格兰西南部工业港口城市Part threeGarment（一件）衣服In spring nature wears a new garment. 春天, 大自然披上了新装Stickball A form of baseballMarble大理石Yo-yo专利名悠悠（玩具, 为木制或塑料制两厚圆盘, 中间有一深沟连接一绳, 用手指抻绳可使之沿绳上下移动Anchor /æŋkə(r); ˋæŋkɚ/抛锚; 用锚固装置固定（某物）anchor man主持人,主力Roller-skate shoes with four small wheels 溜冰鞋Upbringing儿童期的教养; 抚育; 养育Extended family 子孙几代组成的大家庭Mexico 墨西哥（天主教西班牙语90 m/population 是美国人和西班牙人结合的后裔food&language 对美国文化影响大）Part FourTo harness类似马具的装备（如降落伞背带或幼童的系带）、控制及利用（自然界的力量）以产生电能等To showcase displayed, especially to advantageTo accommodate 住宿、迁就; 迎合、准予或提供某人（某事物）、顺应（某事物[某人]）; Olympia Exhibition Centre in London 伦敦奥林匹亚展览中心Flat garden rent442 Manufacturer 厂商set up 560 booths 展台to showcase their latest range of merchandises 展示他们的最新产品heart disease the leading cause of ……..最大的因素underestimate the threat of 低估。
九年级英语口译精练Unit4Iusedtobeafraidofthedark(3)优秀版
I used to hate English tests in writing.
现在我爱上了英语口语。
I love spoken English now.
Good habits achieve beautiful life.
Try to be your best.
洁心与大熊在进入高中的第一天相识，两人都是大个子，分座位的时候，老师让男女生各排一队，一队一个次第走到座位上，最后一排有六张桌子，洁心谦虚地站到一个比自己矮一点 点的女生前面，与大熊成了同桌
我过去常听流行音乐，
I used to listen to pop music,
现在却喜欢乡村音乐。
But now I enjoy country music.
我过去常看恐怖电影，
I used to watch scary movies,
现在爱上神话电影。
but now I loves fairy movies.
她不喜欢测试。
She didn’t use to like tests.
你过去个儿小，对吗？
You used to be short, didn’t you?
对，很小。/不，不小。
Yes, I did. /No, I didn’t.
他过去常戴眼镜吗？
Did he use to wear glasses?
but now she cares about how she appears to others.
我过去个儿小，
I used to be short.
在学校里不怎么让人注目。
I didn’t use to be popular in school.
葆拉过去十分内向，
英汉口译高级--Unit-four
课外练习Passage 1 Chinese-English Interpretation北京观光客自然都会游览故宫和长城，这是因为故宫和长城是举世闻名的旅游景点。
而今天我却想向各位推荐北京第三大旅游场所，北京世界公园。
北京世界公园于90年代初在北京兴建，是北京的最新旅游景点。
这里游客那种“一日游尽天下景”的梦想便可成真。
北京世界公园的规模雄踞亚洲同类公园之冠，所收微缩复制品的数量也堪称亚洲之最。
世界七大奇观以及50个国家的约100处历史名胜和自然景观均以微缩模型展出。
占地面积46.7公顷的世界公园分为17处风景区，收集了亚洲、非洲、欧洲。
南北美洲以及大洋洲的主要名胜景点。
游客可以在这里观赏法国的凯旋门、埃菲尔铁塔、罗浮宫玻璃金字塔、凡尔赛宫和巴黎圣母院；英国伦敦的塔桥和白金汉宫；意大利的比萨斜塔、罗马大斗兽场、威尼斯水城和圣可马广场；西班牙的阿卡沙堡；德国的科隆大教堂；荷兰的风车和郁金香田园风光；希腊的雅典卫城；俄罗斯的克里姆林宫墙及钟楼；印度的泰姬陵；泰国的泰王宫；柬埔寨的吴哥窟；缅甸的仰光大金塔；新加坡的狮头鱼身像；埃及的基萨金字塔群和阿布辛伯勒神庙；美国的大峡谷和自由女神像；澳大利亚的悉尼歌剧院；墨西哥的巨石头像；智利的复活节岛巨人石像；秘鲁的那斯卡线画；中国的长城和故宫等景物复制品。
这些旅游景观制作精巧，工艺精湛，其中大多为原作的精确复制品，用料均为白玉、理石、上乘花岗岩石或其他优质石料。
例如，莫斯科的红场是以500块比麻将牌还小的红砖铺就而成。
而埃及的金字塔则以20万块大理石砌成。
美国的科罗拉多河和大峡谷的微缩景观高达32米，一条“巨型瀑布”从16米的高处飞流直冲谷底。
公园的东北角有一条300米长的国际街，这条具有欧美建筑风格的国际街集餐饮、购物和娱乐于一体，游客可以在这里领略各国情调，品尝他乡风味，购买纪念礼品，参加各种娱乐活动。
北京世界公园自开放以来已吸引了许多海内外游客前来观赏美景。
商务现场口译第四单元 Unit 4 Business Travel
U n i t F o u rB u s i n e s s T r a v e lUnit Objectives (单元目标)After reading this unit, you should➢understand the ways to identify the main ideas of the source text.➢find ways to improve your interpreting skills and performance.➢master the basic words and expressions about business travel.➢know some cultural background knowledge about business travel.PreparingI. Interpreting Skills (口译技能)Read the following presentation about discourse analysis and try tounderstand the four speech types and know how to identify the mainideas of the source text. Then complete the following task:1. Listen to the passage, “ My first day in New York”, and answer the followingquestions:1). When did the author first arrive in the US?2). What did the author do on the way to his hotel?3). Where did the author get something to eat after his friend had left?4). Why couldn’t he have what he really wanted at the restaurant?5). What did the author do after dinner?2. Listen to the passage again and try to catch more details, then retell thestory in your own words.Decoding Training (II): Discourse Analysis（语篇分析）Interpreting is to “understand and make understood”. To interpret the speech, one must first understand the message of the speech. However, comprehension（理解）of the source discourse goes beyond the simple recognition of words and linguistic structures. The interpreter shall make an analysis of the source discourse. More importantly, the interpreter shall identify（识别）the speech type and know how to identify the main ideas of the original speeches.Identification of the Speech TypesSpeeches are diversified serving different occasions and purposes. It will be of great help to the interpreters if they know the speaker’s style. In most cases, speeches are prepared beforehand. Therefore, a study of the different types of writing helps an interpreter identify the main idea of a given speech. Following are the basic types of writing.1. Descriptive WritingDescriptive（描述性的）writing involves a great deal of detailed information. A descriptive discussion aimed at providing details of an event, a scene, a procedure, or a situation.This speech type demands a thorough background investigation of the speaker and the relevant situation by the interpreter.2. Narrative WritingNarrative（叙述性的）writing focuses on the development of events. There is no doubt that the interpreter should be very sensitive to dates, time phrases, and verb tenses when a narrative speech is dealt with.3. Expositive WritingExpositive（说明性的）writing deals with its subject matter in such orders as chronological, spatial, comparison, and definition. It would be to the advantage of the interpreter to conduct a background investigation of the speaker and the situation, for that would provide the interpreter with not only thenecessary glossary but also the speaker’s standpoint（立场）.4. Persuasive WritingPersuasive（劝说性的）writers always want to make their arguments clear, strong and convincing. When the purpose is to convince, writers of persuasive writing mainly employ two techniques -- induction（归纳）and deduction（推论）. Inductive writing starts with specific examples or points to draw a general conclusion, while deductive writing illustrates its thesis at first and then supports and reinforces the thesis through specific examples or subordinate ideas.Identification of the Main IdeasIn the context of interpreting, the main ideas of the source speech can be identified at the sentence level and at the discourse level. Priority should always be attached to identifying the main idea at the sentence level. We argue that identification of main ideas be done on the basis of sentences. Training in identifying the main ideas in interpreting should naturally take place first at the sentence level.1. Sentence LevelThe most important task for an interpreter to identify the main ideas at the sentence level is to discern (洞悉）the subject, verb and object (SVO). It is highly significant for the interpreter to catch the SVO of the sentence while listening to the source text, as the SVO usually carries the major information of the sentence. For example, when listening to “The best way to carry money while traveling is to have a major credit card”, the interpreter is expected to catch “The best way is to have a credit card.” If the interpreter is able to catch the SVO of the sentence, he then will produce a complete sentence with the major information in the target language.2. Discourse LevelThere are also some skills an interpreter might employ on different occasions for grasping the gist （要点）of a speech at the discourse level. In a well-organized speech, the speaker usually explains his point in the first few sentences. Therefore, one of the ways to get the main idea of a speech is to attach priority to the beginning of the speech. Secondly, if the interpreter encounters a speech that is inductively constructed, the interpreter should, to the best of their ability, conduct a study of the speaker's background and viewpoints so that they can follow the speaker's logical guidelines.II. Phrase Interpreting (短语口译)Work on the following words and phrases. Interpret them into Chineseand English respectively.A. English to Chinese1. Have a population of…2. Cover an area of…3. Date back to…4. Have a history of…5. Be situated in…6. The gross domestic product7. Dive-in restaurant 8. Quarantine certificate9. Duration of stay 10. Residence permitB. Chinese to English1、日程安排2、旅行路线3、起飞时间4、机场大楼5、候机室6、贵宾室7、问讯处8、安全检查9、免税店10、个人物品III. Sentence Interpreting （句子口译）Work on the following sentences. Interpret them into Chinese andEnglish respectively.A. English to Chinese1. I believe you're going out of your way for us.2. Wouldn't you like to spend an extra day or two here?3. I'm afraid that won't be possible, much as we'd like to.4. I wonder if it is possible to arrange shopping for us.5. I will keep you posted.B. Chinese to English1. 我特地为你们安排，使你们在北京的逗留愉快。
中级口译Unit 4答案
Unit 4 词汇预习据说It's said that…由汽车驱动的国家 a country driven by automobiles 夸张的说法 exaggerationcorrect observation 正确的看法way of life 生活方式drive-in bank/restaurant/church 免下车银行/餐馆/教堂international driver's license 国际驾照行车限速speed limitfederal expressway 联邦高速公路minimum/maximum speed 最低/高速度出公差on a business trip租车服务行业car rental service付款方式way of paymentcredit card 信用卡MasterCard 万事达信用卡Visa 签证American Express 美国运通deposit 押金special offer 特价Amtrak 美国火车公司passenger rail service 铁路客运服务Greyhound 黑狗long distance coach 长途汽车monthly pass 月票regulate price 规定的票价lower rates 更低利率shuttle/ commuter flights 穿梭于两地之间的航班不尽如人意 undesirablesubway 地铁cab/cabby 出租车Yellow Pages 黄页Telephone directory 电话簿4-3business communication style 商务沟通模式work ethic 工作理念，工作观念counterpart职务相当的人prospective business contact 未来的生意伙伴the"get-down-to-business-first"mentality “公务为先”的心态time-consuming 耗时的keep to 遵循the "bottom-up, then top-down and then bottom-up" principle “先自下而上，然后自上而下，然后再自下而上”的原则top management 最高层管理人士business practice 商务活动咄咄逼人的 aggressivestraightforward 直截了当管理模式type of managementefficiency 效率give priority to 优先frustrate 打击，挫败fulfillment 完成，成就membership 会员身份，资格a sense of belonging in a community 团体归属感individual oriented 个人倾向的，个体取向的accomplishment 成果，成就dedication 奉献利与弊merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages the Oriental way of management 东方的管理模式humane 人道的。
英语口语考试对话unit 4
A:Hello ,girls!it’s a wonderful afternoon for us to get together at the café house.B:yes, thanks to the fine weather .It enables us to go out the door to breathe some fresh air .it’s so boring to stay at home for such a long time .But ,anyway ,we have no choice but to do so in the cold winter .C:I can’t agree more .I have been watching soap opera all the time .it’s unbearable ! Oh ,this café house is really good .And its Latte tastes good .I once came here with my friends.A:ehhn..Have you read the text on the Engllish book that we are going to learn next week ?B:oh ,no .C:what dose it talk about ?A:something ,that I think ,is very oppressive ,about child labor .B:child labor ?oh ,my god .Indeed ,in my eyes,it’s a phenomenon that should really be paid attention to.C:There are millionos of children whose labor can be considered forced ,not only because they are too young to choose to work,but also because they are ,in fact ,actively coerced into working .A:yes ,it’s true .Many countries regard child labor as illegal ,and have also promulgate some decrees to shut down on the number of child labor .But ,still ,many employers turn a blind eye to them .B:for example ,Nike .On saying Nike ,we cannot be too quick to canonize it .Although it’s very popular around the world ,and has already set up many overseas factories,we should have a look at its problems.Nike’s child labor initiative is one of the matters .C:so is it .they have created a smokesreen .As is known to us ,child labor is a global phenomenon,which has received much attention from humanitarian concerns and international organizations .It has been blamed on poverty ,corporate greed ,parental neglect ,and most recently on increased globalization .A:there are so many reasons for child to work .B: And I know that there have been many famous theories put forth to explain why children work .C:theories ?how could it be ?B:yes,they exist .If you want to know more about it ,you can surf the internet .C:maybe later I will . but whatever the reason is ,we should still be aware that the number of child labor must be limited .and in most cases ,the use of chlid labor is illegal ,if we find it ,we should do what we can do to protect them ,like reporting it to the related government .A:Yes ,after all ,we are all on the earth . .And largely hidden from the public view ,child labor force is widespread in the world . Some researchs showed that children are often used as domestic workers.B:child domestic workers are usually paid little if anything ,often their only remuneration is food and lodging.They eat after the rest of the family ,and their meals ,which are often provided irregularly ,generally consist of whatever leftovers remain .C:and employers rarely provide for medical care and often ettempt to medically treat child domestics at home .A:honestly saying ,I’m frustrated by this .Their living environments are so unpleasant. B:Taking India as an example .it is said that India is the largest labor pool of any country in the world .It’s nothing new to India.it has long been illegal ,and there have been several efforts by the government to abolish the practice.C:the whole concept that a child should support the family is wrong .A:some also argues that kids will be relieved from work only if their families can make a decent living without them .If we can raise their family’s income ,their children can be liberated from child labor .B:and then ,they can play ,they can go to school ,they can live a happy life ,at least ,they don’thave to go to work any longer.So,family income ,in another word ,money ,is the final reason that should take the blame .C:you are to the point .not just for India ,it’s a matter the entire world should be concerned .We should try our best to eliminate this problem .A:child labor has been going for a long time ,we have to wean ourselves from it slowly ,the issue of child labor was never on the agenda .Now ,it’s time to make some changes .B:I hope that one day ,every child in the world can have a wonderful afternoon for a cup of coffee ,just like us three.。
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(3)对话文本主持人:你好,很高兴你能来到演播室和大家分享你的经历。
几乎所有吸烟的人都知道烟草对健康的危害,也有许多人尝试过戒烟,或正打算开始戒烟,但真正能戒掉的人却很少,请问你在戒烟前有多长的烟龄?∥Hello, welcome to our studio to share your experiences with usAlmost all smokers know how smoking hurts their health and manyhave tried or are planning to quit, but only a few have succeeded. Howlong had you been smoking before you quit it?Evans: Well, this year I amturning 48 and I have been smoke-free for 2 years. My first cigarette was at the age of 14. Now you can do the math. Quitting smoking may be the best and most rewarding decision that I've ever made although the process is painstaking.∥伊文斯：今年我就48岁了,戒烟已经有两年了。
我14岁开始抽烟,你可以算出我的烟龄。
尽管过程很痛苦,但是戒烟是我做过的最正确也最有价值的决定主持人:是的,我想不吸烟的人很难想象戒烟有多难,而吸烟的人也无法得知戒烟成功后的舒适感。
你提到开始吸烟是在青少年时期,能说说为什么会想学抽烟吗?∥Host: Yes, I think nonsmokers cannot imagine how difficult quittingsmoking is, neither do smokers know the comfortableness when they manage to give it up. You said you started smoking when you were ateenager. Can you tell us why you developed an interest in smokingEvans: My father was well-liked and influential in thecommunity. He also was a smoker. So I attempted to be more like my father, which naturally includedsmoking cigarettes.伊文斯:我父亲在我们那一带很有威望,他也抽烟。
我努力成为和他一样的人,所以会效仿他吸烟。
At that time I believed that smoking makes me appear mature and Independent. I think that family history influences whether or not a child becomes a smoker. Children often copy what they see their parents do. /那时我认为吸烟可以使我看上去更加成熟和独立。
在我看来,家庭在很大程度上会影响孩子是否吸烟,因为孩子通常会模仿父母的法。
主持人:你提到了一个很值得关注的事实,那就是青少年吸烟的诱因多为环境因素,如家庭成员间的相互影响或是来自同龄人的群体压力。
有许多人是在参军后或是在学校的集体宿舍里学会吸烟的。
Host: You mentioned a noteworthy fact: for teenagers, their incentive to smoke mostly lies in the environment such as interaction among family members or peer pressure. Many people learn to smoke after joining the army or when staying in the dormitory.那你为何会在吸烟30年后戒烟呢?是什么促使你改掉了这么多年的老习惯?成功戒烟后感觉如何?∥Why were you determined to quit after thirty years? What prompted you to break with your old habit? How did you feel after you managed to kick thehabit?Evans: I was determined to do so the moment I noticed the damage from smoking started causing healIth problems. Quitting was hard- nicotine patches and sugar-free gum helped me - but my health continues to be a big motivator.伊文斯:当我意识到吸烟会引发健康问题的时候就决定戒烟了。
这个过程是痛苦的,戒烟贴片和无糖口香糖帮助了我,不过一直以来最大的动机还是保持身体健康。
Since I quit smoking, I have been able to make other important changes to improve my health. I became an avidcyclist and began riding several miles per day. It's a real accomplishment for me. Now I still make a point to ride 9 or 10 miles every day for exercise.I also enjoy swimming and do some sort of cardiol exercise every morning. 戒烟成功后,我调整了我的生活以改善健康。
我爱上了骑自行车,每天都要骑行数英里。
对我来说这是个了不起的成就。
现在我每天都要骑行九到十英里。
我也喜欢游泳,每天早上还会做各种有氧动。
主持人:你的健康意识值得大家学习,不仅成功戒烟,还养成了定时健身的好习惯。
看来吸烟者的自我意愿很重要,在动力可能比外在压力更有说服力。
最后请你给那些想过戒烟却迟迟没能采取行动的人一些建议。
∥Host：Your awareness of health is worth learning. It helps you quit smoking and establish the habit of exercising on a regular basis. Therefore will plays an essential role because self-motivation works better than external pressure. Before we finish, can you give some advice to people who want to quit but haven't done anything yet?Evans: I want to send a message to people who thinksmoking isn'tgoing to hurt them just because they haven't experienced a smoking-related health problem yet. If you smoke, you should quit. Maybenothing really bad has happened yet, maybe you'relucky, but you're probably not going to stay lucky. /伊文斯:我想说,很多人认为吸烟不妨碍健康是因为他们还没有患上相关疾病。
如果你在吸烟,就应该马上戒掉。
可能最坏的事情还没有发生,目前来看你还很幸运,但是你不会一直幸运下去主持人:好的,最后我同大家分享一下专家建议的戒烟流程:首先把你想戒烟的原因写下来,越明确越好,如我的太太怀孕了,吸二手会影响婴幼儿发育;然后提醒自己戒烟的过程是痛苦的,但只要坚持大约两周,强烈的不适感就会消失;Host:Alright. In conclusion I would like to share with you the smokequitting procedure recommended by experts. First, write down reasons for quitting, the clearer, the better. For instance, my wife is pregnantsecond-hand smoking will damage infant development. Then, remind yourself that the process won't be easy, but as long as you hold on for two weeks. the intense discomfort will disappear.接下来请尽可能寻求帮助,如看医生、寻找替品、请家人帮忙监督、向戒烟成功人士取经等;最后当你下定决心戒烟时,就坚决吸,一根也别吸。
感你的参与,大家!∥Next, try your best to ask for help. You can see a doctor, find some substitutes, turn tofamily members for supervision and draw experience from successful quitters. Finally, when you have made up your mind, never smoke again, not even one cigarette. Thanks for your participation. Thank you allEvans: It's a pleasure that I can offer something to help peoplequit smoking. Thank you for having me here. //伊文斯:非常高兴能够和大家分享我的戒烟经历。