2021高考英语总复习非谓语动词解析及专项练习有答案
2021高考英语复习冲刺非谓语动词真题解析
2021高考英语复习冲刺非谓语动词真题解析一、非谓语动词作状语（一）分词作状语[知识要点]1．分词作状语，可表示原因、时间、条件、结果、伴随情况和方式等等。
2．现在分词与过去分词的区别：一定要结合分词的逻辑主语（一般是句子的主语）去理解它们的区别和判断用现在分词还是用过去分词。
若分词与其逻辑主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系，就用现在分词；若存在被动关系，则用过去分词。
3．分词作状语一般要和它的逻辑主语保持一致，但是有一些固定的分词短语却可以不和其逻辑主语保持一致。
例如，generally speaking, c onsidering…, given…, judging from…等等。
4．现在分词有一般式和完成式之分，注意其区别。
一般式表示和谓语动词的动作同时发生，完成式和完成时态的含义相似，表示动作先于谓语动词发生。
[试题赏析]1.The manager, _______ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left themeeting room.A. who has madeB. having madeC. madeD. making2. The storm left, _______ a lot of damage to this area.A. causedB. to have causedC. to causeD. having caused3. _______ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated析：这几题都是考查现在分词的完成式作状语。
2021届高三英语词法专题复习 非谓语动词 专项复习训练含答案
非谓语动词专项复习训练一、单项选择1. Sitting at the corner of the meeting room, he looked sad because there were so many problems ________.A．remaining to settle B．remained settlingC．remaining to be settled D．remained to be settled2. By the age of two, Heidi could count to 40, draw pictures of people, and read books ________ for seven-year-olds.A．meaning B．meant C．being meant D．to mean3. With a great weight ________ off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully. A．taking B．to take C．taken D．being taken4. ______ clearly ______ nothing to do, the soldiers left the village the next day. A．It; was B．It; being C．There; was D．There; being5. The weather in Xuzhou is rather cold in winter, especially ________ that in my hometown.A．having compared to B．comparing toC．compare to D．compared to6. We had no one ________ us, for we could deal with the case all by ourselves. A．help B．to help C．helped D．helps7. ________ to a top high school, as many parents believe, will guarantee their children a good university.A．Admitted B．AdmittingC．Being admitted D．Having been admitted8. —Amy, please tell the people seated and ________ for their turns to come to myoffice five minutes later.—Yes, sir.A．wait B．waiting C．waited D．to wait9. ________ several important decisions based on emotion instead of reason, he felt bitterly regretted.A．Making B．Having made C．Made D．To make10. —Do you think you could get this package ________ for me, please?—No problem!A．to mail B．mailed C．mailing D．mail11. ________ enough money, Li Hua was unable to buy the new house.A．Not saved B．Not having savedC．Not to save D．Not saving12．Misunderstandings ____ from lack of social communication, unless _____ properly, may lead to serious problems.A．arisen; handling B．arising; handledC．rising; handled D．risen; handling13．If water becomes increasingly scarce in decades ________，water shortage will become a hot issue all over the world.A．coming B．having come C．to come D．to be coming14．________ the English speech competition will be a lot of work, so I need some volunteers to help out.A．Organize B．Organized C．Organizing D．Being organized 15．The new books _____ in the factory these days are mainly intended for children. A．printing B．to print C．being printed D．to be printed二、用括号里所给动词的正确形式填空1. Unfortunately, we rushed the fallen old man to hospital, only ________ (tell) that we were responsible for him.2. ________ (show) around the university, we then were taken to a building, where many scientists worked.3. ________ (attract) more tourists, travel agencies from both China and the DPRK have developed a package of new products.4. When I got back home I saw a note pinned to the door, ________ (read) “Sorry to miss you; I will call you later.”5. Helena was excited, just as I had imagined, ________ (find) her lost pet.6. Despite the government's measures to cool the house market, housing demand in China still grew steadily in the second half of 2012，________ (result)in a rapid rise in house prices.7. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ________ (play) in making the earth a better place to live in.答案与解析：一、1. C 解析：remain在there be结构中作后置定语，由于remain是不及物动词，故应用现在分词remaining；且settle与problems之间构成动宾关系，所以用动词不定式的被动形式。
非谓语动词讲解和练习(附答案)
非谓语动词非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念，指的是在句子中不能单独作谓语，但又具有动词特征的动词形式。
一、种类非谓语动词主要包括三种形式：不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）和分词（Participle）。
1.不定式基本形式是“to + 动词原形”（有时可省略to），例如“to study”、“to play”等。
它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语等成分。
To see is to believe.（作主语和表语）I want to learn English.（作宾语）2.动名词形式上是动词原形加-ing，和现在分词的形式一样，如“swimming”、“reading”等。
动名词在句中主要起名词的作用，可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
Swimming is my favorite sport.（作主语）I enjoy reading books.（作宾语）3.分词现在分词：也是动词原形加-ing，它既有动词特征，又有形容词和副词特征，可作定语、状语、表语和补足语。
The running boy is my brother.（作定语）Hearing the news, she couldn’t help crying.（作状语）过去分词：通常是动词原形加-ed（规则变化）或有其特殊的不规则变化形式，如“broken”、“written”等。
过去分词常表示被动或完成的意义，同样能充当定语、状语、表语和补足语等成分。
The broken cup is on the table.（作定语）Given more time, I can do it better.（作状语）二、用法区别1.作主语时不定式作主语常表示具体的某一次动作或行为，常用“It + be + 形容词+ (for/of sb.) + to do sth.”这样的结构，It is important for us to learn English well.动名词作主语往往表示抽象的、一般性的行为或概念。
2021年新课标版英语高考真题练习：专题五 非谓语动词
专题五非谓语动词探考情悟真题【考情探究】考点考卷年份题型课标全国Ⅰ课标全国Ⅱ课标全国Ⅲ20192018201720162015201920182017201620152019201820172016非谓语动词作定语语篇型填空permi-tted(permit)cond-ucted(cond-uct);living(live)toretire(retire);saying(say)built(build)作宾语(by)noting(note)dying(die)eating(eat)introd-ucing(intro-duce)being(be)laying(lay)using(use)looking(look)resting(rest);toprove(prove)作主语、表语tobring(bring)toget(get)chall-enged(chall-enge)作补语toprocess(process)to stay(stay)作状语toperform(per-form)to see(see);streng-then(streng-th)toimprove(impr-ove);feeding(feed)tocool(cool)listening(listen)tocreate(create);using(use)非谓语动词短文改错say→saying(by)sell→(by)selling(askedto)watch-ing→(askedto)watch(invite...)pick→(invite...)topicktake→taking(After)looks→(After)lookingopens→open;have→tohave;manage→managingwait→waiting;(eagertake)→(eager)to(take);删除afraidthat tospeak中的that(by)wear→(by)wearing分析解读1.五年高考课标全国卷语篇型填空对非谓语动词用法的考频为:作宾语．．．→．作状语．．．→．作定语．．．→．作主语、表．．．．．语．→．作补语．．．。
高中英语高考复习非谓语动词专项练习(2021-2022真题,附参考答案)
高考英语非谓语动词专项练习班级考号姓名总分一、基础练习（一）非谓语动词作宾语1.(2022届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试)TCM isabout ____58____ (restore) the balance between yin and yang forces in patients. It has been a major part of traditional Chinese culture and continues to play a vital role in medical treatment in China today.2.(2021届广东新高考适应性测试卷一, 39)To really appreciate and understand another language you need (understand) its culture and philosophy.3.(2021届山东烟台高三上学期期中,58)World Industrial Design Day is for teaching people about the history of industrial design and potentially (get) people interested in the profession.4.(2021届福建师大附中启明级高三第二次段考,86)He walked away from his real estate career to commit his life to (help) others change their lives and overcome their challenges.5.(2021届福建福州八县(市)协作校高三联考,57)However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jianzhong, devotes himself to (keep) the art of sugar painting alive.6.(2021届浙江绍兴高三11月诊断性考试,37)Chinese calligraphy is an art of (turn) Chinese characters into images through pressure and speed variations of the pointed Chinese brush.7.(2021湖北宜昌示范高中协作体期中联考,70)“Companies like Google, Apple and even Facebook are what I think about at night because, after all, we didn t setabout (make)cars either,” Toyoda said.8.(2021广东北大附中深圳南山分校期中,62)Meanwhile, climbers have complained about (wait) for hours in the bottlenecks.9.(2021广东北大附中深圳南山分校期中,64)All those climbers need (bring) a lot of gear (用具) and much of them ends up being left on the mountains becoming the world s tallest rubbish dump.10.(2021山东新泰二中检测二,61)If you have an attractive item made in your native country, your host or hostess would certainly enjoy (receive) that as a gift.11.(2021山西太原期中,66)Now, it not only devotes itself to (sell) books, but（二）非谓语动词作定语1.(2022届江苏省连云港市高三第二次调研考试)The rising demand, ____64____ (combine) with reduced habitat, has caused an alarming increase in the number of plant and animal species used for medicinal purposes at risk for many years. For instance, TCM uses about 1,000 plant and 36 animal species, including the tiger, rhinoceros, and sea horse, which are all in danger.2.(2022届山东省烟台市、德州市高三一模)With a history of more than 6,000 years, Chinese painting, originally ___36___ (pursue) by wealthy people, developed around 221 BC during the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Then, it became popular around 581 AD as more and more people began to show appreciation of its beauty.3.(山东省泰安市2022届高三一模考试)Bing Dwen Dwen, a panda cub ____41____ (dress)ina full-body ice shell, has become a major attraction of the Winter Olympics, ____42____ (win) the hearts of athletes, politicians, media and audiences over the globe with its chubby (圆胖的) appearance.4.(2021届福建福州八县(市)协作校高三联考,63)A sugar painting is madewith (melt) brown or white sugar.5.(2021届辽宁高三新高考11月联合调研,41)Although I had money and aplace (sleep), but I recognized that I needed help too.6.(2021届湖北六校高三11月联考,38)The survey of a team in Canada found that one in four of all microfibers in the samples (take) across Canada, from Toronto to the Arctic were blue jeans.7.(2021届山东潍坊高三上学期期中,60)They feel the full stop once (use) in traditional texting is not essential at all because the message is now ended just by sending it.8.(2021届广东七校联合体高三11月联考,41)In the experiments, the researchers asked hundreds of participants to write an email to someone close to them (express) their appreciation and giving a specific example of how that person made their lives better.9.(2021湖北宜昌示范高中协作体期中联考,61)TOYOTA has announced an e-Palette Concept Vehicle(概念车) (design)to meet various demands of future transportation and business applications.10.(2021辽宁沈阳铁路实验中学月考三,41)The HZMB, (locate) at the waters of the Lingdingyang of Pearl River estuary, is a huge sea-crossing bridge, linking Hong Kong and Macao to the Chinese mainland city of Zhuhai.11.(2021湖南怀化新博览联考,64)As we all know, the marathon is another, which is a12.(2021湖南长沙雅礼中学月考三,65)On average, fresh organic fruits and vegetables contain 50 percent more vitamins and minerals than food (treat)with chemicals.（三）非谓语动词作状语1.(2022届江苏省七市高考二模英语考前适应卷)The device recently launched aboard a Northrop Grumman Cygnus spacecraft. Cygnus arrived at the International Space Station on February 21, ___57___(carry) a large load of supplies and scientific experiments.2.(2022届江苏省七市高考二模英语考前适应卷)NASA considers the instrument a "prototype," meaning its operations and observations will be studied during its orbit, which is expected to last one year. The agency says NACHOS will be “the smallest, highest resolution(清晰度) space-based instrument” ever ___63___(send) to observe atmospheric gases.3.(2022届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试)The cost of a typical Saudi wedding is enough to prevent the most passionate lover. Even a simple party involves renting an impressive ballroom. Then there are the cheerleaders and musicians. Men and women gather in separate halls, ____56____ (double) some of the prices. Altogether it might cost 200,000 riyals ($53,000).4.(2022届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试)First ___57___(create) by the US agriculturist Sterling Morton in 1872, Tree-planting Day was set in order to inspire people's passions for planting and protecting trees, and ___58___(protect) and improve the natural environment on which people depend on for their living.5.(2022届山东省烟台市、德州市高三一模)The ink stick is produced with a mixture of pine soot (松烟) and animal glue. It’s used in combination with an ink stone. The painter wets the ink stone and then grinds (研磨) the ink stick on the stone, ___39___ (make) the ink run so that it can be used for painting.6.(2021届湖南长沙雅礼中学高三月考,59)The probe itself is as big as a car and needs the help of a powerful rocket (escape) Earth’s orbit, change direction and reach the sun.7.(2021届山东日照一中高三第二次调研,41)Fairy tale writer Hans Christian Andersen liked to cut characters, such as princesses and angels, out of paperwhile (tell)stories to children.8.(2021届重庆预测性考试, 45) (know) as the “Black Mamba” for his passion, persistence, and fearlessness, Bryant will live on through the achievements he impressed upon the world.9.(2021福建莆田二十五中期中,63)In the nineteenth century, a new type of travelers10.(2021山东青岛期中,61) (mark) the 600th anniversary of the Forbidden City, the Palace Museum will hold a series of events throughout 2020.11.(2021上海复旦附中期中,21)Moods, say the experts, are emotions that tend to become fixed, (influence) one’s outlook for hours, days or even weeks.12.(2021福建八县(市)一中期中联考,61)Its function varies widely (depend)on the culture.13.(2021湖南长沙雅礼中学月考三,68)A small amount of these chemicals may remain on the produce, and then accumulate in our body, (cause)health problems, such as heart disease and cancer.14.(2021重庆市凤鸣山中学月考一,63)While (prepare)meals, the Chinese may strive to balance the color, shape, or types of food they choose to eat.（四）非谓语动词作主语、表语1.(2022届山东省烟台市、德州市高三一模)In fact, much remains ____45____ (learn) about traditional Chinese painting and its elements. Through appreciating Chinese painting, you will have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture and Chinese people.2.(2021辽宁凌源联合校期中,44)The daughter, Zhi Nu, and the cowherd, Niu Lang, got (marry) and the couple lived happily for several years.3.(2021上海市北中学期中,29)It would be good (explain) to the students what skills they can get through courses or assignments at different stages.4.(2021湖北重点高中联考协作体期中,66)First of all, (become)aware of what causes your worry will help to reduce the stress.（五）非谓语动词作补语1.(2021届辽宁高三新高考11月联合调研,36)As I approached my car, I noticed one person (stand) beside me.2.(2021届广东汕头四校联考,42)Following the COVID-19 outbreak, the Chinese government encouraged the country (contain) the disease in Wuhan, Hubei Province, after the city was locked down in late January.3.(2021届福建福州八县(市)协作校联考,56)With less people (choose) to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a distant memory in some ways.4.(2020广东佛山一中期中,41)In western countries, after a long day with the5.(2020山东新泰二中检测二,63)Do not open your mouth to talk, unless you have swallowed your food. Also, chew food with your mouth (close).6.(2020湖北重点高中联考协作体期中,68)Whoever fails to return the books before the deadline will have their accounts (freeze).7.(2020重庆铜梁一中期中,65)During the Qin Dynasty, to keep the enemy out of his empire, Qin Shi Huang had all the walls (join) up.二、提升练习一、语法填空The truth that trees are vital to our life is not a secret. They provide us with food, wood and most importantly, oxygen. Now there is one more thing we can add to this list—1. (block)out harmful bacteria from water.The discovery was made by a team 2. (consist) of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students who were seeking a natural water filter—one that would help communities in 3. (develop) countries that do not have access to modern water filter systems.The researchers, 4. (lead) by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided 5. (turn) to trees for help because they could allow liquid 6. (flow) through, while blocking out air bubbles.They began by 7. (cut) 1.5-inch-wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree. The people 8. (relate) then tested the wood s filtering ability by pouring water 9. (contain) red dye particles of different sizes through. To their amazement, they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles. 10. (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria. Sure enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through.二、完美文章1 (作业完成后) last Sunday, I went to the countryside to see my grandfather,2 (玩得很高兴) there.At about 9, I set off and arrived at his home after an hour. 3 (看到我时), he felt very excited and welcomed me warmly. I passed him 4 (在超市里买的新鲜水果)quickly and he gave me some candy. Then he took me to a river nearby and 5 (教给我如何抓鱼) there. 6 (专心钓鱼,我们几乎忘了吃午饭). It was not long before we caught a lot of fish. 7 (把鱼带回家), my grandfather cooked some for me. After lunch, 8 (我帮助他打扫房子) and he praised me with a big smile. 9 (到我离开的时候), my grandfather hugged me, 10 (给了我一些礼物) that I liked very much. It was such a beautiful day that I would remember it forever.三、综合练习一、(2021山西太原上学期期中改编)Nowadays, more and more Chinese are aware of food waste issues. Even young people tend 1 (take) home their leftovers when 2 (dine) out, most of whom would pack the dish in a doggie bag if the leftovers are still in good shape and there are also a lot left, according to the survey 3 (conduct) by China Youth Daily. The people 4 (bear) in the 1980s or 1990s believe that 5 (save) food is a virtue.Young people also gave their opinions on how 6 (help) reduce food waste. Some advised restaurants 7 (offer) the serving chopsticks, which would be helpful for customers 8 (pack) the leftovers. Others said it might be useful to promote smaller or half-portion dishes. Another good suggestion is that catering businesses give away coupons (优惠券) to customers who clear their plates at dinner.China launched a campaign against food waste in 2013 and renewed the call early this year 9 (create)an increasingly prosperous society. We can all play a partin 10 (reach) the national food waste reduction goal—to reduce food waste by 50% in the next 10 years.二、(2021河南许昌高级中学月考改编)The story happened in ancient times. A king was so clever that he thought of a good way 1 (test) whether his men were reliable.One day, he had a huge rock 2 (place) on a roadway at night. Then he hid himself nearby and watched carefully to see if anyone would remove the big rock. Some wealthy businessmen and high officials came by, but they simply walked around it. Many of them even loudly blamed the king for not 3 (keep) the roads clear, but none of them would bother 4 (get) the big stone out of the way.Then a villager came along 5 (carry) a load of vegetables. On approaching the big rock, he stopped and laid down his burden, 6 (try) hard to move the stone to the side of the road. After 7 (push) many times, he finally succeeded. As the villager picked up his load of vegetables, he noticed a purse 8 (lie) in the road where the rock had been. The purse contained many gold coins and a note from the king, 9 (say) that the gold was for the person who removed the huge rock from the road.The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others would never understand: Every obstacle presents an opportunity 10 (improve) one's condition.三、(2021安徽江淮十校上学期二次联考改编)Whether they're playing on TV screens or printed in newspapers, adverts are everywhere. Actually, it is quite normal for the average person 1 (live) in a city 2 (see) thousands of ads every single day. However, ads are not just a tool for getting people 3 (buy)things; they also serve as a window into cultures, societies and history.Modern adverts began to appear in 4 18th and 19th centuries, since advances in printing techniques allowed more detailed images 5 (produce) in newspapers and magazines.Looking at some of these early ads is like 6 (take) a step back in time to another world. For example, an 1881 advert for French cigarettes promised that its product would “give immediate relief” to a list of medical conditions,including 7 (breathe) problems. And a 1955 US ad advised mothers 8 (mix) the sugary soft drink 7-Up with their baby's milk.Nowadays, of course, the harmful effects of both smoking and sugary drinks have been well known. Although these adverts seem unusual to us now, perhaps future generations may consider some of today's ads 9 (be) just as strange. It 10 (believe) that advertising can often be an indicator for what society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time.四The truth that trees are vital to our life is not a secret. They provide us with food, wood and most importantly, oxygen. Now there is one more thing we can add to this list— 1 (block)out harmful bacteria from water.The discovery was made by a team 2 (consist) of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students who were seeking a natural water filter—one that would help communities in 3 (develop) countries that do not have access to modern water filter systems.The researchers, 4 (lead) by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided 5 (turn) to trees for help because they could allow liquid 6 (flow) through, while blocking out air bubbles.They began by 7 (cut) 1.5-inch-wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree. The people 8 (relate) then tested the wood’s filtering ability by pouring water 9 (contain) red dye particles of different sizes through. To their amazement, they found that it was effective in trapping all thearticles. 10 (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria. Sure enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through.五In the summer of 1848, in Guatemala, a man 1 (call) Ambrosio Tut went into the jungle, as he did almost every day. Tut was a gum-collector(树胶采集者), 2 (look) for gum in the jungle. 3 (do) this, he had to climb the trees. On his particular day, he got to the top of one tree and something caught his eye. He looked out across the trees and saw the tops of some old buildings.Tut didn’t really know what he had seen but he knew it was something sp ecial. He ran 4 (tell) the local governor, and together they 5 (walk)into the jungle. There they found Tikal(蒂卡尔),a city that the Mayans (玛雅人) 6 (build) many hundreds of years before. The two men saw temples and pyramids, squares and houses, and places where kings had lived when the Mayan people ruled the region.For a long time before that day, local people had known that somewhere in the jungle there was an old Mayan city, but no one had seen it for centuries. Between 200 and 900 AD, the city of Tikal had been the center of Mayan civilization in the region, but then the Mayans left there and nobody knows why! After 1000 AD, the jungle began 7 (cover) it and people forgot that it was there.Seven years before Tut looked out for the trees, two British explorers had gone to Guatemala and had written a report about Mayan treasures in the jungle, but they didn’t mention Tikal. Even earlier than this, local Indians had told European travelers about a great city 8 (hide) in the trees, but no one would listen to them. Nowthe 9 (lose) city had been found again, and archaeologists went there immediately 10 (see) it.附：参考答案一、基础练习（一）非谓语动词作宾语1.【答案】考查动名词。
2021届高考英语一轮语法复习 专题10 非谓语动词专练(一)(含解析)
2021高考英语一轮复习语法考点非谓语动词专练（一）一、基础达标测试(本题共20小题，每题1分，共20分）1.The teacher who volunteered (teach) in the poor village school was spoken highly of by many people。
【答案】to teach【解析】考查动词不定式。
volunteer to do sth。
自愿做某事，固定搭配，所以空处动词需用其不定式形式。
故填to teach。
2。
I wonder how ________ （solve) this problem。
【答案】to solve【解析】句意：我想知道如何解决这个问题。
分析句子结构，此空考查疑问代词+动词不定式结构作宾语；此处由how可知，how to do“如何。
.。
.。
”，此语境是“如何解决这个问题”。
根据分析，故填to solve.3.__________（compete） more effectively with others, more and more people equip themselves with a higher education.【答案】To compete【解析】考查动词不定式。
句意：为了更有效地与他人竞争，越来越多的人接受高等教育。
此处表示目的，要用动词不定式，句首首字母要大写，故填To compete。
4.When her mother came into her study， Mary pretended ________ (sleep)。
【答案】to be sleeping【解析】考查动词不定式的进行式。
分析句子结构，pretend to do为固定用法，设空处需填非谓语动词，结合语境“当她妈妈走进她的书房时，玛丽假装正在睡觉”可知，此处表示她妈妈进来的那个时间点Mary正在进行的行为，需用不定式的进行式。
2021年高考英语真题和模拟题分类汇编专题06非谓语动词含解析
After___4___(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we…
【答案】spending
【解析】
考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
【答案】to absorb
【解析】
考查动词不定式。句意：事实上，如今60%的衣物在购买一年之后就被遗弃了，产生了大量的垃圾，对此全球的垃圾填满厂都在努力处理。分析句子可知，本句为struggle的用法struggle to do努力做，故用不定式作宾语，故用to absorb。
（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T7）
【答案】to plant
【解析】
考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
（2021·全国甲卷·短文改错）
Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Lily讲得很仔细，很缓慢，权衡着这个计划的风险与收益。分析句子结构可知，________the benefits of the plan against the risks involved.是分词作状语，weigh与其逻辑主语Lily之间是主动关系，用现在分词。故选C项。
2021届新高考英语一轮复习非谓语动词专项训练(1)非谓语动词作定语、状语和补语
2021届新高考英语一轮复习非谓语动词专项训练（1）非谓语动词作定语、状语和补语1.Many migrating birds wing their way over and through the city,_____some surprising natural scenery.A.createdB.creatingC.having createdD.to create2.The dancer's incredible performance had the audience on its feet ________ for 10 minutes at the end of the show.A. being clappedB. clapC. clappedD. clapping3._______ that your resume works for you, I recommend writing it more like a proposal than a job description.A. EnsuringB. EnsuredC. Having ensuredD. To ensure4.Some young people like to have their hair ____ into different colors.A. dyeB. dyingC. dyedD. to dye5.Ordering food from a restaurant is a way______time.A. savingB. to save C．saved D．save6.__________ (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.7. (strike) by the hurricane, the area had power cuts, but quickly it was back to normal.8.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train __________(catch).9.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online__________(save) their valuable time.10.Books deal with problems on computers are always popular.11.The thing pleased him most was that we had done it so quickly and so well.(错误个数：1)12.After climbing over the mountain, the volunteers turned into the path in the woods, walked to a village school nearby.13.This has led scientists to thinking out other solutions to the problem.14.Local people and people travelled in the mountains have many stories to tell about it.15.He was the first person in his company go abroad for further education.答案以及解析1.答案：B解析：考察非谓语。
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2021届小题专练高考主要考查非谓语动词的作用和形式。
在作用方面主要考查作定语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词；作宾语时用不定式还是动名词；在形式方面主要考查用一般式还是完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词等。
一、考点1 动词不定式（2020·全国II 卷）They are easy (care) for and make great presents. 【答案】to care【解析】sth. is easy to do ，表示某事容易……，且此处为动词不定式表示被动，故填to care 。
【点拨】 (一)不定式的用法 1.作主语(1)不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it 作形式主语。
It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是正确的。
(2)在“It is/was ＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of ，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish 等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for 。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
2.作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：(2)在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe 后，常用it 作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。
We think it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
3.作表语不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。
My dream is to enter Peking University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。
4.作宾语补足语(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。
Father will not allow us to play in the street.父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感(feel)，二听(hear, listen to)，三使(let，have, make)，五看(see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半帮助(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。
Nobody saw him come in. (主动语态)没人看见他进来。
5.作定语(1)不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。
(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。
如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。
I need a pen to write with.我需要一支钢笔写字。
[特别注意]如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等，不定式后的介词习惯上可以省去。
(3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。
常见的该类名词有：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
[特别注意]不定式作定语时，若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者，则用主动形式表被动含义；若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式表被动含义。
She has a sister to look after.她有一个妹妹要照顾。
(she是look after的执行者)6.作状语(1)作目的状语。
表示“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。
如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能置于句首。
To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.为了提高社区服务水平，一些学校已经发起了义务志愿者服务计划。
(2)作结果状语。
不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，有时前面加only，以加强语气。
常用于下列结构中：only to do表示意想不到的结果enough to do 足够做……too ... to do 太……而不能……so/such ... as to ... 如此……以至于……Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语。
表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因，常用于这类结构的形容词有sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。
Maggie was glad to be home in her own bed.玛吉回到家躺在自己的床上，觉得非常高兴。
7. “疑问词+不定式”结构疑问词who，what，which，when，where，how等后上加上不定式相当于名词性从句。
同样一句话，英语里可以用从句和不定式结构来表达，意思没有区别。
I didn’t know how I could get back to the village.I didn’t know how to get back to the village.我不知道怎么回到村子。
(二)动词不定式的时态和语态1.动词不定式的时态和语态的构成和用法2.动词不定式语态四注意(1)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。
Have you got a key to unlock the door?你有开门的钥匙吗？(2)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。
He needs a room to live in.他需要一间房间居住。
(3)不定式作表语(性质)形容词的状语，和句中主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb.。
The book is very hard to understand.这本书很难理解。
(4)在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。
There is a lot of work to do. (有人必须去干活)请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：There is nothing to do. (无事可做，感到十分乏味)二、考点2 动名词(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90yearold has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for _______________ (be) Britain's oldest fulltime employee—still working 40 hours a week.【答案】being【解析】for为介词，故其后的动词应用v.ing形式。
【点拨】(一)动名词的句法功能1.作主语动名词短语作主语时，有时用it作形式主语。
Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.听别人对你刚读过的这本书的反应会带来额外的乐趣。
It is worth making an appointment before you go.去之前预约一下是值得的。
[知识拓展]下面句型中常用动名词作主语： It is/was a waste (of ...)/no use/no good doing sth. 2.作表语动名词作表语表示通常的情况，多指抽象的、经常性的动作，句子主语通常是无生命的事物或由what 引导的名词性从句。
表语与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语和表语有时可互换位置。
My job is teaching you English.= Teaching you English is my job. 我的工作是教你们英语。
3.作宾语(1)下列动词(短语)只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：他试图对我的问题避而不答。
(2)由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/get used to (习惯于), look forward to (期盼), feel like (想要), insist on (坚持), get down to (开始认真做某事), devote ... to ... (致力于……), object to (反对), stick to (坚持), give up (放弃)等。
It's time I got down to thinking about that essay. 我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
(3)下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：⎩⎨⎧mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事 ⎩⎨⎧forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)⎩⎨⎧regret to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾(未做)regret doing sth.对做过的事表示遗憾/后悔(已做) ⎩⎨⎧try to do sth.尽力去做某事try doing sth.试着做某事⎩⎨⎧go on to do sth.继续做另外一件事go on doing sth.继续做原来做的事 ⎩⎨⎧remember to do sth.记着去做某事(未做)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做) 4．作定语(1)动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途、性能或目的。