5修辞与翻译(1)
修辞格与翻译

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❖What salt is to food, wit and humor are to conversation and literature.
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1. Simile (明喻)
❖A simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.
❖ 妙语与幽默对于会话与文学,恰似盐对于食物一 样。
❖What sculpture is to a block of marble, (that) education is to the soul.
❖ 教育之于心灵,犹如雕刻之于大理石。 ❖What blood vessel is to a man’s body, (that)
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2. Metaphor (暗喻;隐喻)
❖A metaphor also makes a comparison between two elements, but unlike simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated.
❖Metaphor 借自希腊语metapherein一词,原意 为transfer (转换)。它也是一种比喻手法,但 是形式简练,表达含蓄,无需借助比喻词,而是 直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写。
汉英修辞对比与翻译(1)

除旅游点的介绍和广告外,新闻报道、法律文献、 科技文章等也都要求简洁明了,忌节外生枝,因 此四字词组也广泛应用于这几类文体中。 外交人员要立场坚定、目光远大、头脑敏捷、业 外交人员要立场坚定、目光远大、头脑敏捷、业 务熟练、才华出众、风格高尚。 务熟练、才华出众、风格高尚。 A Chinese diplomat should be firm in stand, broad in vision, swift in wit, qualified in profession, outstanding in talent, and noble in character.
1 汉英音韵修辞格(phonological 汉英音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)
在语音四要素音量、音势、音高、音色中, 在语音四要素音量、音势、音高、音色中, 音色是各种语言都重视的。 音色是各种语言都重视的。英语是音势敏感 的语言,而汉语是音高敏感的语言, 的语言,而汉语是音高敏感的语言,因此英 语强调重音,汉语成为典型的声调语, 语强调重音,汉语成为典型的声调语,声调 对字、 句各级单位的组成都有影响。 对字、词、句各级单位的组成都有影响。英 语是重音计时的(stress-timed), ),每一语 语是重音计时的(stress-timed),每一语 句虽是重音和轻音交替出现, 句虽是重音和轻音交替出现,但仍以重读音 节为主。汉语是以音节计时的(syllable节为主。汉语是以音节计时的(syllabletimed),音节数是韵律的基础。 timed),音节数是韵律的基础。 ),音节数是韵律的基础
汉英语拟声词对比
(1)语音形式对比 汉英相似: 汉英相似: 狼嚎 鸽子咕咕 咯咯 关门声:砰 铃声:丁零 howl Coo Giggle, gurgle Bang Tingling
汉语中常用的修辞方法与文化、翻译的内在关系

汉语中常用的修辞方法与文化、翻译的内在关系修辞,它本身也是汉语文化的一种体现,其形式多而复杂。
本文认真地讨论了汉语中修辞的内涵,分别深入地分析了修辞与文化及修辞与翻译的内在联系,为汉语中常见的修辞的英译提供了一定的理论及实践依据。
标签:修辞;文化;翻译;关系一、修辞的内涵修辞是指人们在运用语言表达思想感情的时候,根据特定的目的精心选择用语的过程与方式,其目的是力求把话语说得更加的準确和明白,更加的生动和精彩,更能表达说话人的思想和情感。
好多时候,因为一句话,你可能就在表达自己思想情感的同时也把受话者给说笑了,反之,也会让受话者十分恼怒,根本不想再听你说下去,这样一来,不仅没有表达你想表达的意思,反而还伤了双方的感情。
由此可见,对于同一个意思,你会说和不会说,其产生的结果是完全不一样的,正所谓:说话是一门艺术。
而修辞,正是指提高语言表达效果而运用到的艺术。
在这里,笔者想明确一点,那就是:修辞不是简单地对语言文字进行修饰和加工,更不是刻意求工,给其涂脂抹粉,让其虚张声势。
提到修辞,人们往往会想到一个概念:修辞格。
所谓修辞格,即指在对语言进行修饰的过程中所形成的独具特色的、相对而言比较固定的语言格式,也称其为修辞方式、修辞手段、修辞方法或辞格。
修辞格一般具有以下特征:一是能生动形象地表意;二是具有独特的结构和规律;三是语言形式极为特殊。
二、修辞与文化的内在联系修辞与文化之间的内在联系是十分紧密的,不同的民族,拥有不同的文化,从而都有各具特色的审美观,这些审美观又可以通过语言表达出来。
语言是民族文化的载体,因此,修辞也可以展现一个民族的文化,修辞的风格正是一个民族的文化的体现。
汉语具有诸多方面的特点,利用这些特点,可以形成许多汉语所特有的修辞方法,如:声调的抑或扬可以形成平仄;许多单音节词可以形成押韵等。
另外,因为中国是一个历史悠久的文明古国,在五千多年的文明发展历史中,形成了丰富多彩的成语和典故,这些成语和典故使汉语变得言简意赅,独具极强的表意能力。
英语修辞的翻译

提喻 (synecdoche)
No one grasped you by the shoulder while there was still time; and naught will awaken in you the sleeping poet or musician or astronomer that possibly inhabited you from the begi得目瞪口呆的事。他体内充 满创造力的魔鬼不停地挣扎,挥舞魔爪又抓 又挖,试图冲出体外。魔鬼一边撕扯,一边 尖声狂叫,要他谱写藏于体内的乐曲。他遭 受这般折腾,可是他那可怜的脑袋和身躯却 没有被压跨,岂不奇哉怪也。
双关 (Pun)
--What does that lawyer do after he dies? --Lie still.
矛盾(Oxymoron)
3. Parting is such sweet sorrow. (Romeo) 别离是如此地又甜蜜又令人心酸。
4. We are terribly pleased to hear the good news. 我们听到这一好消息真是欣喜若狂。
委婉(Euphemism)
1. That luster has taken a fancy to Middle Eastern dancing. 那个好色之徒现在开始喜欢看肚皮舞。
也许你一生下来就具有成为诗人、音乐家或天 文学家的天赋,但在时间还不算晚的时候,没 有人拉你一把,时机一过,就再也无法唤醒在 你身上沉睡着的才能了。
转喻(Metonymy)
转喻又称借代。它故意不用需要说的人或 物的本称,而是借用与该人或物密切相关 的事物来代替。
“A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated.” (Webster’s New World Dictionary)
成语修辞与翻译

英汉语成语修辞与翻译Translation of Chinese Idioms and the rhetoric device概括地说,成语既是语言中的重要修辞手段,同时他们本身也是各种修辞手段的集中表现。
有的意思一望即明,有的意蕴隽永,有的含而不露、意在言外,有的可能包含几个意思。
恰当运用成语,对语言表达来说犹如画龙点睛,可以增加行文的风采,提高表述力。
但由于英汉语之间的社会文化的历史背景的差异和语言结构不同,往往给词语教学和翻译带来一定的困难。
通过对英汉成语从不同的角度进行比较,我们发现英汉成语有些是基本对应的,有些是部分对应,有些是根本不对应的。
所以,我们在理解和翻译处理时应有区别地对待。
英汉成语互译举例:1. 直译:有些成语在形、义和用法上全貌表现出来的直接采用直译的方法,如:a gentleman’s agreement君子协定; to play with fire玩火, to show one’s cards摊牌;We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. 井干方知水可贵;Blood is thicker than water; 血浓于水The bread of charity is bitter. 施舍的面包是苦的。
天下乌鸦一般黑,老狼都是吃肉的。
All crows are equally black, all wolves eat meat.A wolf in sheep’s clothing披着羊皮的狼。
2. 借译:英语和汉语都拥有丰富的成语。
有的汉语习语和英语同义习语在内容和形式上都符合,它们不但有相同的意义或隐义,并且有相同的及相类似的形象或比喻,翻译时,可以采取借用法。
An apple does not fall far from the apple tree. 落叶归根;Know something like the palm 了如指掌;有其父必有其子. Like father like sonhave one foot in the grave 风烛残年;Constant dripping wears the stone 滴水穿石;put the cart before the horse 本末倒置; ;six of one and half a dozen of the other. 半斤八两;The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 心有余而力不足;3. 意译: 在直译和借用汉语成语都不妥当时,我们只好牺牲原文引用习语的风格,配合上下文进行意译,以保持原作思想内容的完整性。
修辞与翻译

• 英语里 as ... as ...结构的明喻大多可以 直译 : • as cold as ice 冰冷 • as hot as fire 火热 • as hard as rock 坚如磐石 • as light as feather 轻如鸿毛
• 下面的直译生动形象,也能被中国读者 所理解接受: • as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌 • as bold as a lion 像狮子一样勇猛 • as cheerful as a lark 像云雀一样快 活 • as blind as a bat 瞎得像蝙蝠
• 这个辞格在汉语和英语修辞里有着共同 的特点,那就是明显地打比方,在本体 和喻体之间都出现显而易见的喻词,如: 汉语里的 “像”、“好像”、 “比如”、 “仿佛”、“好比”、“像……一样”、 “如……一般”等等;英语里的like,as, as if,as though 等等。在翻译时,我 们可利用其共同特点,用译文中相应的 喻词来译原文里本体之间的喻词。
英语 metaphor兼有汉语修辞格隐喻、借喻以及拟物的格式, 作用也与这几种汉语修辞格基本相同。(毛荣贵,廖晟: 2005)
拟人;Personification
1) 每条岭都是那么温柔,虽然下自山脚, 上至岭顶,长满了珍贵的林木,可是谁 也不孤峰突起,盛气凌人。(老舍: 《小花朵集》)All the ridges were so amiable. None of them stood above the others with arrogance,though their slopes were fully covered with precious trees.
• B:明喻又称 “显比”,“直喻”,“明比”,是 一种十分明显的比喻。明喻是本体 ,喻体 ,比喻词 都要出现的比喻 。本体与喻体之就是 : A 象 B。
修辞与翻译

文法、逻辑、修辞与翻译文法决定译文“通不通”的问题;逻辑决定译文“对不对”的问题;修辞决定译文“好不好”的问题。
文法与翻译打好语言基础,狠抓基本功的训练。
The sentence fragmentA grammatically complete sentence has a verb with its subject. Structurally it must be an independent unit, capable of standing alone. Now this means simply that dependent units such as phrases, clauses, appositives and other such groups of words, are not sentences and should not be written as sentences. When any one of these dependent units is written and punctuated as a sentence it is called a sentence fragment.Example 1:Because we could see the obvious signs of destruction caused by the bomb here and there, which maintained the memory in people’s mind and let the misery and sadness everlasting.改正:去掉句首的Because或者小写because并在该词前加逗号,跟上句连起来。
Example 2:The basketball game was cancelled. Because half of the players were in bed with the flu. 改正:The basketball game was cancelled because half of the players were in bed with the flu.Example 3:Looking out toward the horizon, she saw only the old cabin in which Mary had been born.A single cottonwood that had escaped the drought. The apparently boundless expanse of sunburned prairie.改正:改标点符号Example 4:With the knowledge that, although the documents have been stolen, they have not yet been seen by a foreign agent.改正:We knew that…Example 5:She can quilt, remember the family tree so clearly, and never rejects their own culture. Whereas, Dee, once refused the quilts and never took her friends home.The run-on sentenceA run-on sentence or a fused sentence put together two or more sentences with no mark of punctuation between them. When two complete sentences run together with only a comma between them, it is called a comma splice.Example 1:In Hiro shima, people don’t want to mention the very thing, such as, you will have a pain in a scar that hasn’t healed completely, if someone touch it.改正:Example 2:Kimonos and miniskirts mixed in this city, and the traditional Japanese house and modern skyscrapers also co-exist in this city, they show that Hiroshima is thriving and developing rapidlyExample 3:However, she is lack of education, she is lack of confidence, she represents the bottom class people in the society.Example 4:She is lack of education and refinement, however, those does not prevent her from having an inherent understanding of heritage based on her love and respect for those who came before her.Example 5:These snakes are dangerous however, most snakes are quite harmless.改正:Example 6:The pollution became strategic and started to affect our human living, now we have to face the consequences.后置、前置、倒装“主语+谓语” 词序:word order英语的“正常词序”(normal order)或“自然词序”(natural order)除状语位置比较机动外,主语、谓语动词、宾语和补语的位置都是相对固定的。
《修辞与翻译》课件

新闻报道的修辞与翻译
总结词
新闻报道的语言客观、准确,翻译时应注重信息的准确 传递。
详细描述
新闻报道的语言客观、准确,修辞手法相对较少。在新 闻报道的翻译中,译者需要注重信息的准确传递,避免 因修辞手法的不当运用而导致信息的误传。同时,译者 还需要注意新闻报道的语言风格和语体特点,保持译文 的客观性和准确性。
反语的翻译
反语是指用反义词或具有相反含义的词来表 达意思,在翻译时需要理解反语的含义,并 转化为目标语言中的相应表达。
修辞在翻译中的重
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修辞的运用可以使译文更加自然、流畅,符合目标 语言的表达习惯,提高译文的易读性。
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通过修辞手法,可以更好地处理句子的语序、语气 和节奏,使译文更加地道,易于理解。
《修辞与翻译》ppt课 件
目录
• 修辞与翻译的概述 • 常见修辞手法在翻译中的应用 • 修辞在翻译中的重要性 • 翻译中的修辞技巧与策略 • 修辞与翻译实践案例分析 • 总结与展望
修辞与翻译的概述
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修辞的定义与功能
修辞的定义
修辞是一门研究语言使用和表达的艺 术,旨在通过特定的表达方式来增强 语言的表达效果和说服力。
提高译者修辞素养的重要性
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提升译文质量
具备良好修辞素养的译者能够更准确地把握原文 意义,运用恰当的修辞手法传达原文的情感和意 图,提高译文质量。
增强跨文化交流能力
修辞素养有助于译者更好地理解和应对不同文化 背景下的语言差异,增强跨文化交流能力。
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培养综合素质
修辞素养的提升有助于译者培养创新思维、批判 性思维等综合素质,提高职业竞争力。
转换语言风格
根据目标读者的需求和接受 度,对原文的语言风格进行 适当的转换,以使译文更加 贴切自然。
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• 蠢的象猪
• 胆小如鼠
• 公鸭嗓
• 勇如猛虎
• 噤若寒蝉;守口如瓶 • 骄傲得像公鸡 • 体健如牛 • 牛饮
• as proud as a peacock
• as strong as a horse
• drink like a fish
无对应
• as poor as a church mouse • as cool as a cucumber • as tight as a drum • as sharp as a
英汉对应
• 完全对应
• Our blood boils.我们热血沸腾。
• 部分对应
• draw water in a sieve 竹篮打水
• 无对应 • be tied to sb’s apron-strings 受人控制
比喻的翻译
• 保留原语形象(直译) • 转换原语形象(替换)
• 舍弃原语形象(意译)
转喻:英汉对比
• 投笔从戎 • throw away the pen and take up the sword in defense of the country • Pen is mightier than sword. • 笔威于剑。 • His wife spent all her life on the stage. (theatrical profession) • 他的妻子在舞台上渡过了一生。(戏剧工作,表 演艺术)
直译法 • Joe, a clumsy and timid horseman, didn’t look to advantage in the saddle, “Look at him, Amelia my dear, driving into the parlor window. Such a bull in a china shop I never saw”. • 乔胆子小,骑术又拙,骑在鞍子上老不像样。 “埃米丽亚,亲爱的,快看,他骑到人家客厅的 窗子那儿去了,我一辈子也没见过这样的,真是 大公牛闯到瓷器店了”。(杨必《名利场》)
something different from and often opposite
to their literal meaning.
• 反语:使用同本意完全相反的词句来表达本意,
明显含有嘲弄讽刺的意思,从而使本意更加突出。
反语译例 1 • It must be delightful to find oneself in a foreign country without a penny in his pocket. • 在异国他乡,身无分文,那才叫“绝”呢!
排比 parallelism/parataxis
• 定义 • 译例
排比定义
• Parallelism: the use of identical or equivalent syntactic constructions in corresponding clauses. • 排比:指用结构相似、语气一致、关系并列的一 组语句,接连表达几个相关意思的一种修辞方式。
夸张译例
• 夸张一般直译,对夸张的内容不需改变,也不能
改变,但涉及语言习惯时,可略作调整。
• Thanks a million.
• 万分感谢。
• I have told you fifty times.
• 我告诉过你好多次了。
反语 irony
• 定义 • 译例
反语定义
• Irony: the use of words to express
替换法
• put all the cards on the table • 打开天窗说亮话 • go for wool and come back shorn • 偷鸡不成蚀把米
意译法
• By the winter of 1942 their ce to the Nazi terror had become shadow. • 到了1942年冬季,他们对于纳粹恐怖活动的抵制 已经名存实亡。
• 他浑身上下毫无缺点,连肚脐眼都没有!
• He doesn’t have a single defect in his whole body. Why, he doesn’t even have a belly-button!
反语译例 2
• If people keep telling you to quit smoking cigarettes, don’t listen… They are probably trying to trick you into living longer. • 如果有人苦口婆心劝你戒烟,不要理他们—— 他 们是想骗你活得长久些! • --- It is raining cats and dogs! • --- Lovely weather, isn’t it?(太好了!)
夸张 hyperbole
• 定义 • 译例
夸张定义
• Hyperbole: a figure of speech which contains an exaggeration for emphasis. • 夸张:指凭借丰富的想象,用铺饰张大的语言, 对事物的某些方面进行夸大或缩小,进行艺术渲 染。
转喻:翻译方法
• 汉语和英语里的转喻内容丰富,有借人或事物的 特征或标志来指人或事物;有借与人或事物有关 的工具或材料代指人或事物;有借与人或事物有 关的所属或所在代指人或事物。一般而言,可以 对这种辞格采用直译,但有时因为两种语言的不 同表达习惯,需要采用意译。
转喻译例 • Only a knife can save the patient’s life now. • 要拯救病人只能动手术。 • Paper and ink cut the throats of men, and the sound of a breath may shake the world. • 纸墨能割断人的喉管,嗓音能震动整个世界。(写 几个字,说几句话) • Gray hair should be respected.(graying China/ aging China) • 老人应该受到尊重。
排比译例 1 • • I came, I saw, I conquered. 我只身前往,我明察秋毫,我旗开得胜。
• 不要问国家能够为你做什么,问问你能够为国家 做什么。
译例 2:变通
• It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land. (Ray Bradbury, The Vacation) • 绿草萋萋,白云冉冉,彩蝶翩翩,这日子是如此 清新可爱。蜜蜂无言,春花不语,海波声咽,大 地音沉,这日子是如此安静。
第五章:修辞与翻译(1)
修辞与翻译(一)
• • • • • • 明喻 暗喻(隐喻) 转喻(借代) 夸张 反语 反复
• • • • • 排比 拈连 头韵 尾韵 递升;递降
明喻 simile
• 明喻的定义 • 明喻的构成
• 明喻的文化内涵
明喻的定义
• Simile: a figure of speech in which one
转喻 metonymy;借代synecdoche
• 转喻定义 • 英汉对比
• 翻译方法
转喻定义
• Metonymy: a figure of speech in which the name of an attribute or a thing is substituted for the thing itself as in the use of Washington for US government. • 转喻:也叫借代。不直接把所要说的事物名称说 出来,而用跟它有关系的另一种事物的名称代替 它。例如用华盛顿来指代美国政府。
thing is likened to another, in such a way
as to enhance an image.
• 明喻:把甲事物比作乙事物,两者既不同类,又
不同质,只是在某一点上有相似之处。
明喻的构成
• 1)组成 • I wandered alone as a cloud. (“I” 是 Object/tenor本体, “lonely” 是sense喻意, “a cloud” 是image/vehicle喻体)
• He drove as if possessed by the devil.
• 他着魔似地驾车狂奔。
明喻的文化内涵 2
•
个性(peculiarities)
1. 喻意相同,喻体相同或略异
2. 喻意相同,喻体相异 3. 无对应
喻意相同,喻体相同或略异
• know sth./ sb. like the palm of one’s hand • as light as a feather • as cold as ice • as busy as a bee • as cheerful as a lark
• 2)比喻词
• 英语:as…as…, like, as, as if/though • 汉语:像,好像,如,犹如,若,宛若,宛如, 仿佛,如同,跟……一般
明喻的文化内涵 1
• 共性(universals) • 她的脸色苍白而带光泽,仿佛大理石似的;一双 眼睛又黑又大,在黯淡的囚房中,宝石似的闪着 晶莹的光。 • Her face was pale and yet as lustrous as marble, and her large, black eyes sparkled like jewels in that murky cell.