您的位置：360文档中心› 暖通空调专业-毕业设计外文翻译

暖通空调专业-毕业设计外文翻译

合集下载

暖通空调专业术语--中英文对照

暖通空调专业术语--中英文对照

第二章室内外计算参数第一节一般术语第2.1.1条计算参数 design conditions特指设计计算过程中所采用的表征空气状态或变化过程及太阳辐射的物理量。

常用的计算参数有干球温度、湿球温度、含湿量、比焓、风速和压力等。

第2.1.2条室内外计算参数 indoor and outdoor design conditions设计计算过程中所采用的室内空气计算参数、室外空气计算参数和太阳辐射照度等参数的统称。

第2.1.3条空气温度 air temperature暴露于空气中但又不受直接辐射的温度表所指示的温度。

一般指干球温度。

第2.1.4条干球温度 dry-bulb temperature干球温度表所指示的温度。

第2.1.5条湿球温度 wet-bulb temperature湿球温度表所指示的温度。

第2.1.6条黑球温度 black globe temperature黑球温度表所指示的温度。

第2.1.7条露点温度 dew-point temperature在大气压力一定、某含湿量下的未饱和空气因冷却达到饱和状态时的温度。

第2.1.8条空气湿度 air humidity表征空气中水蒸汽含量多少或干湿程度的物理量。

第2.1.9条绝对湿度 absolute humidity单位体积的湿空气中所含水蒸汽的质量。

第2.1.10条相对湿度 relative humidity空气实际的水蒸汽分压力与同温度下饱和状态空气的水蒸汽分压力之比，用百分率表示。

第2.1.11条历年值 annual(value)逐年值。

特指整编气象资料时，所给出的以往一段连续年份中每一年的某一时段的平均值或极值。

第2.1.12条累年值 normals多年值。

特指整编气象资料时，所给出的以往一段连续年份的某一时段的累计平均值或极值。

第2.1.13条历年最冷月 annual coldest month每年逐月平均气温最低的月份。

第2.1.14条历年最热月 annual hottest month每年逐月平均气温最高的月份。

HVAC 专业术语(暖通空调专业英文缩写词)

HVAC 专业术语(暖通空调专业英文缩写词)

1 编制目的为了在工程设计文件中正确使用英文缩写词和理解英文词表达的函义，特编制本文件。

2 适用范围英文缩写词可以在英文注释的专业图纸和设计文件中使用。

中文注释的图纸和文件除特殊情况外一般不采用。

3 注意事项3.1 在绘制工程设计图纸时，英文缩写词一律采用大写字母。

3.2 编制设计标准和设计文件时，除国家、机关、学会、工程单位等名称需采用大写字母的缩写词外，其余均应优先采用小写字母的缩写词，没有小写字母的缩写词时，再采用大写字母的缩写词。

顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义A1 a absorption吸收（作用）2 A ① ammeter安培计、电流计② ampere安培③ assembly装配，组合，成套设备，机组，部件3 AAC acoustical-absorption coefficient吸音系数4 AACC American Automatic Control Council美国自动控制委员会5 American Air-Filter Co.美国空气过滤器公司6 AB anchor bolt地脚螺栓7 ABA1 American Boiler & AffiliatedIndustries美国锅炉和附属设备制造厂商协会8 abb abbreviation缩写,简体9 abr abridgement简介、简述10 abs ① absolute绝对的② absorption吸收顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义11 American Bureau of Standards美国标准局12 absolute humidity绝对湿度13 absolute temperature绝对温度14 absorption coefficient吸收系数15 AC ① air condenser空气冷凝器② air cooling空气冷却③ alternating current交流电16 A/C ① air condition (-ing,-ed,-er)空调（机）② air compressor空气压缩机17 acc accessories附件，零件，附属设备18 ACR automatic controller自动控制器19 ACS automatic control system自动控制系统20 actual stondard现行标准21 ACU air-conditioning unit空调机组顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义22 AD ① air duct风道② anemostatic diffuser恒速式散流器23 adjustable speed可调速度24 ADP apparatus dew point机器露点25 AESC American Engineering StandardsCommittee美国工程标准委员会26 AEV automatic expansion valve自动膨胀阀27 AF air filter空气过滤器28 AG asbestos gasket石棉垫片29 AGA American Gas Association美国煤气协会30 AGC automatic gauge controller自动测量控制器31 AHU air-handling unit组合式空调机，空气处理机组32 AIR CHG air change(s)换气量，换气次数33 ALM alarm警报器，信号装置，警报顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义34 alt altitude高度，标高35 ambient temperature周围温度，室温，环境温度36 AN air natural(cooled)自然通风（冷却）的37 American National Standards Institute美国国家标准学会38 AO air outlet送风口39 American Patent美国专利40 APCA Air Pollution Control Association美国空气污染控制协会41 APHA American Public Health Association美国公共卫生协会42 appx appendix附录、补遗43 APS accessory power supply辅助电源44 ARI Air conditioning and RefrigerationInstitute空调制冷研究所（美）45 AS ① air speed风速② American Standard美国标准顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义46 American Standard Association美国标准协会47 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers美国土木工程师学会48 ASHRAE American Society of HeatingRefrigerating and Air ConditioningEngineers美国供热制冷和空调工程师协会49 ASHVE American Society of Heating andVentilation Engineers美国供暖通风工程师学会（ASHRAE的前身）50 at ① air tight不透气，气密的② atmosphere大气，大气压51 ATS absolute temperature scale绝对温标52 AUTO automatic自动的53 AUX auxiliary辅助的，附件，辅助装置54 AV angle valve角阀55 av;avg average平均，平均的56 AVD automatic vent damper自动风阀顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义57 actual working pressure实际工作压力58 AWT average water temperature平均水温B59 B bolt螺栓60 BAR barometer气压计，气压表61 BAS British Association Standard英国协会标准62 between centers中心间距，轴间63 BESA British Engineering StandardAssociation英国工程标准协会64 BF ① boiler feed锅炉给水② bypass factor旁路系数65 BFP boiler-feed pump锅炉给水泵66 BHN Brinell hardness number布氏硬度数67 BHP brake horsepower制动马力，轴功率68 black iron黑铁（皮）顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义69 bibl bibliography书目，文献目录70 BL ① base line基线② base load基本负荷③ boundary line边界线④ battery limits界区71 BLD blind盲板，档板72 BLDG building建筑物73 BLK blank空白，盲板74 BLR boiler锅炉75 bottom of duct风道底（标高）76 BOM bill of material材料表，材料单77 bottom of pipe管底（标高）78 ① base plate底板，底座② back pressure背压顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义③ barometric pressure表压力，大气压④ boiler pressure锅炉压力⑤ boiling point沸点⑥ bypass旁路，旁通管⑦ British Patent英国专利79 br branch支线（管）80 BRA British Refrigeration Association英国制冷协会81 BRACA British Refrigeration and AirConditioning Association英国制冷空调协会82 BRKT bracket托架，支架83 BS ① British Atandard英国标准② Bureau of Standard标准局（美）84 BSD Building System Design美国《建筑系统设计》期刊85 BSI ① British Standards Institution英国标准协会顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义② Building Societies’ Institute建筑学会联合会86 bsmt basement地下室87 BSP British standard pipe英国标准管88 BSS British Standard Specification英国标准规范89 BTUH British thermal units per hour英热单位每小时90 BU bushing内外螺纹接头91 BV ① ball valve球阀② butterfly valve蝶阀92 BW butt weld对焊，对缝焊接C93 C ① centre中心② circuit电路，回路③ close闭合的，关闭，接通④ constant常数顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义⑤ cycle循环，周期94 CA ① cooled in air风冷的② cold air冷空气，冷风③ compressed air压缩空气95 CAD computer-aided design计算机辅助设计96 cap capacity容量，生产能力97 CAS cast steel铸钢98 cat catalog目录，条目，总目，样本99 CB ① control board控制盘，操纵盘② control button控制按钮③ catch basin集水井，滤污器100 CC cooling cail冷却盘管101 C/C center-to-center中心距102 CCR critical compression ratio临界压缩比顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义103 CD ceiling diffuser吊顶散流器104 CE ① chief engineer总工程师② civil engineering土木工程105 CEM cement lined水泥衬里，水泥抹面106 CENT centrifugal离心（式）的107 CEP condensate extraction pump凝结水排水泵108 cert certificate证明书，合格证109 CF contact factor接触系数110 CFM cubic feet per minute立方英尺每分111 CFS cubic feet per second立方英尺每秒112 CG ceiling grille吊顶风口113 CH chimney烟道114 ch chapter章115 CHAN channel槽钢，通道顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义116 chem chemical化学的117 CHWP chilled water pump冷冻水泵118 CHWR chilled water return冷冻回水119 CHWS chilled water supply冷冻供水120 cast iron铸铁121 circulating pump循环水泵122 circulating water flow循环供水123 circulating water return循环回水124 CL ① center line中心线，轴线② class类别，级别125 CLG ceiling吊顶，天花板126 CM colour mark色标127 CN construction north建北128 CO ceiling outlet吊顶送风口顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义129 Co. company公司130 coeff coefficient系数，率131 col column柱，纵行，栏，项目132 COMPR compressor压缩机133 conc concentration浓度134 concrete duct水泥风道135 cond ① condenser冷凝器，电容器② conductivity传导系数③ condens(e)(-ing,-ed,-er)冷凝（器）136 vondenser water return冷凝器回水137 condenser water supply冷凝器供水138 control valve调节阀，控制阀139 Conv convector对流器140 COP ① coefficient of performance（制冷）工作系数，性能系数顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义② center of pipe管中心141 corr correction修正，校正，改正142 CP ① calorific power发热量，热值② Canadion Patent加拿大专利③ check point检测点④ constant pressure恒压，等压143 CPLG coupling联轴节，连接，管箍144 cpm cycles per minute周每分145 c.r. continuous rating连续（额定）功率146 CPG ceiling return grille吊顶回风口147 cr.s. cross section横截面148 CS carbon steel碳钢149 CT cooling tower冷却塔150 CTR cooling tower retun冷却塔回水顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义151 CTS cooling tower supply冷却塔供水152 cu. cubic立方的，三次的153 cubic feet立方英尺154 CV ① calorific value热值，发热量② check valve止回阀，逆止阀③ constant volume定风量，定容155 CW ① cold water冷水② cooling water冷却水③ continuous welding连续焊156 CWP cooling water pump冷却水泵157 CWR cooling water return冷却回水158 CWS cooling water supply冷却供水D159 D ① degree度，程度顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义② density密度③ diameter直径④ drop降落，温度降，压力降160 decibels of sound on an A-scale在A音阶上的分贝音量161 DBT dry bulb temperature干球温度162 DC direct current直流电163 DD dual duct双风管164 def. definition定义165 deg.cent. degree centigrade摄氏度166 degree fanrenheit华氏度167 deg.K. degree Kelvin开氏度168 DET detail零年，详图169 diag diagram图表，图解，曲线图，示意图170 DIN Deutsche Industrie Norman德国工业标准顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义171 disch discharge排出，流出172 dist distribution分布，分配173 d.l.a. dust lade air含尘空气174 DN ① down下② nominal diameter公称直径175 DP ① dew point露点② differantial pressure压差，压降③ design pressure设计压力④ drain pipe排水管176 DPA days per annum每年日数177 DPT ① dew point temperature露点温度② dew point thermostat露点温控器178 dr. drain泄水，排水179 DS duct shaft竖向结构风道顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义180 DSS The Society of Domestic and SanitaryEngineering Standard美国卫生工程协会标准181 DWG drawing图纸，制图182 drawing number图号183 direct expansion coil直接膨胀管E184 E east东185 EA exhaust air排风186 EAC electrostatic air cleaner静电滤尘器187 EBP exhaust back pressure排汽背压188 ECS environmental control system环境控制系统189 ED ① edition版本，版次② exhaust duct排风管190 EDP engineering design plan工程设计方案191 EF exhaust fan排风机顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义192 eff efficiency效率193 EG exhaust air grille排风口194 EH exhaust hood排风罩195 EHP elcctric horsepower电功率196 EI ① exhaust inlet排风入口② Engineering Index工程技术文献索引（美）197 EJ expansion joint伸缩器，伸缩缝，补偿器198 EL ① exhaust loss排出损失② expansion line膨胀管199 ELB elbow弯头200 elev elevation标高，海拔，正视图201 EM engineering manual工程手册202 emg emergency事故，紧急情况203 ENCL enclosure, enclosed外壳，套，界限，封闭式的顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义204 ENGR engineering工程，设计205 EP ① explosion proof防爆② English Patent英国专利206 EPA Environmental Protection Agency环境保护局（美）207 EPR evaporator pressure regulator蒸发器压力调节器208 ERT electric resistance thermometer电阻温度计209 ESHF effective sensible heat factor有效显热系数210 est estimate估计，预算，概算211 ESV emergency stop valve紧急切断阀212 ET expansion tank膨胀水箱213 ETR evaporator temperature regulator蒸发器温度调节器214 EV ① elevator电梯② expansion valve膨胀阀215 EVAP evaporat(e)(-ing,-ed,-or)蒸发（器）顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义216 exh exhaust排气217 EXIST existing现行的，现有的218 exp expansion膨胀，增大219 ext ① extension伸长，发展，附加物② external外部的，表面的F220 F filter过滤器221 FA fresh air新鲜空气，新风222 FAI fresh air inlet通风孔，新风入口223 FC ① fire control消防② fan coil unit风机盘管224 forced draft强制通风，送风225 FD ① fire damper防火阀② floor drain地漏顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义226 FDF forced-draft-fan送风机227 FDN foundation基础228 FDW feed water供水229 F/F field faricated现场制造230 FG flue gas烟气231 FH fire hydrant消火栓232 fig figure图，插图233 FIN finish完成，成品，加工234 FL ① floor层，地板② full load全负荷，满载235 flg flange法兰，凸缘236 FOB free on board离岸价（船上交货）237 FOR fuel oil return回（燃料）油管238 FOS fuel oil supply供（燃料）油管顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义239 FP fire proof防火，耐火的240 FRP fiber reinforced plastic玻璃钢241 FRT freight运费，货运242 FS forged steel锻钢243 FTG ① fitting配件，管件，装配，组装② footing基础脚，底座脚244 FVD fire volume damper防火调节阀245 FW ① field weld现场焊接② fresh water新鲜水，淡水G246 g gas气体，煤气247 general assembly drawing总装配图248 Great Britain大不列颠，英国249 GEN generator发电机，发生器顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义250 GHC greenhouse controller温室控制器251 GHR gross heat rate总热耗252 galvanized iron镀锌薄钢板，白铁皮253 gl glass玻璃，镜254 GLV globe valve截止阀255 gor governor调节器，调速器256 gp gauge pressure表压257 German Patent德国专利258 gr grade级，度，坡度259 grad gradient梯度260 GRD ground地坪261 GRTG grating棚，格栅262 GSHF grand sensible heat factor总显热系数263 GSKT gasket垫片，密封垫顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义264 GTH grand total heat总热量265 GV gate valve闸阀266 GW gross weight总重，毛重H267 H ① hardness硬度，硬性② head高差，压头③ heat热量，加热，热④ heater加热器⑤ height高度⑥ humidity湿度⑦ humidistat恒湿器，湿度调节器268 HA hot air热风269 HC ① heating coil加热盘管② hand control手（动）控制顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义③ hose connection软管连接，软管接头270 hdbk handbook手册271 HDR header集气管，联管箱，顶盖，端板272 HE high efficiency高效273 HH handhole手孔274 HMF humidifier加湿器275 hor horizontal水平的，卧式的276 HP ① horse power马力，功率② high pressure高压277 HPAC Heating Piping & Air Conditioning美国《供热、配管、空气调节》期刊278 HR heat rate热耗率279 HRA heating,refrigerating and air-conditioning供暖制冷和空气调节280 HRD half round diffuser半圆散流器顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义281 HSD high speed duct高速风管282 h/S diagram Enthalpy/Entropy diagram焓熵图，h-S图283 heat transfer coefficient传热系数284 HTW high temperature water高温热水285 HV ① heating and ventilation供暖通风② heating value热值286 HVAC heating ventilation,air conditioning供暖通风空气调节287 HVE heating and ventilating engineer暖通工程师288 HW hot water热水289 HWP hot water pump热水泵290 HWR hot water return热水回水管291 HWS hot water supply热水供水管292 HX heat exchanger换热器293 HYDT hydraulic testing水压试验顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义294 I input输入295 IAMAP International Association ofMeteorology and Atmospheric Physics国际气象和大气物理协会296 IBR Institute of Boiler and RadiatorManufacturers锅炉和散热器制造业协会297 ID ① induced draft引风② inside diameter内径298 IDF induced-draft-fan引风机299 IDHA International District HeatingAssociation国际区域供热协会300 IG inlet grille吸风口301 ih indirect heating间接加热302 indicated horsepower指示功率303 IHVE Institute of Heating and VentilatingEngineers英国暖通工程师学会顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义304 International Institute ofRefrigeration国际制冷学会305 IL intensity level声强级306 IME Institytion of Mecnical Engineers机械工程师学会（英）307 ind indicator指示器O inches of water3082英寸水柱309 ins insulated绝热的，绝缘的310 inst installation安装设备311 INSTR instruction说明书312 INTLK intotlock连锁装置313 INTMT intermittent间歇的314 IO inlet opening吸风口315 IPS iron pipe size铸铁管径316 ISA International StandardizationAssociation国际标准化协会顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义317 ISO International AtandardizationOrganization国际标准化组织318 isoth isothermal等温的319 ISU international standard unit国际标准单位320 IT inlet temperature进口温度321 IU ① induction unit诱导器② international unit国际单位J322 Japanese Engineering StandardAssociation日本工程标准协会323 JICST Japan Information Center of Science &Technology日本科技情报中心324 JIS Japan Industrial Standard日本工业标准325 jnt joint接头，接合326 job number项目号顺序号缩写词英文全文及中文涵义K327 K heat transfer coefficient传热系数328 KB knee brace斜撑，角撑工程专用语一、问候与介绍(GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS)1 How do you do? 你好吗? (初次见面)2 How are you? 你好吗? (日常见面)3 Fine, thanks. 很好,谢谢你.4 I am very well, thank you. 我很好,谢谢你.5 Good morning, Mr. Jack. 早安,杰克先生6 Good afternoon, Miss Mary. 午安,玛利小姐7 Good evening, Dr. John. 晚安,约翰博士8 Very pleased to meet you, you are welcome. 我很高兴见到你,欢迎你9 I am very glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你10 Welcome to China. 欢迎你到中国来11 Welcome to our job site. 欢迎你到我们工地来12 For our friendship and cooperation, I wish we shall have a friendlycooperation in coming days. 祝愿友谊与合作,希望今后友好共事.13 Let us work together for our common job. 让我们为共同的事业一起工作吧.14 Happy New Year! 新年快乐!15 Happy Spring Festival. 春节快乐!16 Merry Christmas! 圣诞节快乐!17 Congratulations to your National Day! 祝贺你们的国庆节!18 Happy birthday to you! 祝你生日快乐!19 Allow me to introduce myself, my name is Li Han请允许我自我介绍,我的名字叫李汉.20 Please allow me to introduce a fellow of mine, Mr.请允许我介绍一位我的同事,某先生21 I am a manager. (project manager, resident construction manager,construction superintendent, controller, staff member, engineer,technician, economist, supervisor, foreman, worker).我是经理(项目经理,驻地总代表,工地主任,管理员,职员,工程师,技术员,经济员,检查员,工长,工人)22 I work in the SINOPEC Engineering Incorporation (SEI) finanicialDepartment(Construction Department, Project Department,).我在中石化工程建设公司财务部(施工部,项目部)工作.23 My technical specialty (speciality) is civil engineering. (chemicalengineering,process,mechanical equipment,electrical, instrumentation,piping,welding,furnace building,corrosion prevention,thermal-insulationheating ventilation,quality control).我的技术专业是土建工程(化工工艺,工艺,机械设备,电气,仪表,管道,焊接,筑炉,防腐,保温,采暧通风,质量管理)24 What's your specialty? 你的专业是什么?25 I am a mechanician (electrician, pipelayer, welder, carpenter,turner,blacksmith,builder,erector,riveter,rigger,concrete worker,enginedriver,repair worker)我是一个机械钳工(电工,管工,焊工,木工,车工,铁工,建筑工人,安装工人,铆工, 起重工,混凝土工,司机,修理工).26 What's your nationality? Are you American?(English, Japanese, German, French, Italian, Romanian)你是什么国籍的?你是美国人吗?(英国人,日本人,德国人,法国人,意大利人, 罗马尼亚人)27 What's your name? 你的名字叫什么?28 Can I have your name, please? 请问你的名字?29 What company do you work for? 你在哪家公司工作?30 Which department do you belong to? 你属于哪个部门?31 Kindly give us your advice, please. 请多指教!32 Thanks for your direction. 感谢你的指导.33 Good-bye. 再见34 See you again. 再见35 See you later. 回头见36 See you tomorrow. 明天见二.交谈语言(TALKING ABOUT LANGUAGES)37 Do you speak English? 你能讲英语吗?38 Let us talk in English? 让我们用英语交谈吧!39 I can speak English only a little,do you understand me?我只能说一点英语,你能听懂吗?40 Excuse me,sometimes I make mistakes when I speak English.请原谅,我讲英语有时会出错.41 Speak slowly ,please. I intend to learn to speak English.请讲慢一点,我想学一点英语.42 I am very sorry,I can not speak English very well ,but I can readdocument in English. 我很抱歉,我的英语说得不好,但我能看懂英语资料.43 Please write down the English words of this for us.请用英文字写出来给我们看.44 Write this word in English,please. 请将这字出英文来。

空调专业毕业设计外文翻译--工程热力学和制冷循环

空调专业毕业设计外文翻译--工程热力学和制冷循环

附录B 英文翻译THERMODYNAMICS AND REFRIGERATION CYCLES THERMODYNAMICS is the study of energy, its transformations, and its relation to states of matter. This chapter covers the application of thermodynamics to refrigeration cycles. The first part reviews the first and second laws of thermodynamics and presents methods for calculating thermodynamic properties. The second and third parts address compression and absorption refrigeration cycles, two common methods of thermal energy transfer.THERMODYNAMICSA thermodynamic system is a region in space or a quantity of matter bounded by a closed surface. The surroundings include everything external to the system, and the system is separated from the surroundings by the system boundaries. These boundaries can be movable or fixed, real or imaginary. Entropy and energy are important in any thermodynamic system. Entropy measures the molecular disorder of a system. The more mixed a system, the greater its entropy; an orderly or unmixed configuration is one of low entropy. Energy has the capacity for producing an effect and can be categorized into either stored or transient forms.Stored EnergyThermal (internal) energy is caused by the motion of molecules and/or intermolecular forces.Potential energy (PE) is caused by attractive forces existing between molecules, or the elevation of the system.mgzPE=(1)wherem =massg = local acceleration of gravityz = elevation above horizontal reference planeKinetic energy (KE) is the energy caused by the velocity of molecules and is expressed as22m VKE=(2)whereV is the velocity of a fluid stream crossing the system boundary.Chemical energy is caused by the arrangement of atoms composing the molecules.Nuclear (atomic) energy derives from the cohesive forces holding protons and neutrons together as the atom’s nucleus.Energy in TransitionHeat Q is the mechanism that transfers energy across the boundaries of systems with differing temperatures, always toward the lower temperature. Heat is positive when energy is added to the system (see Figure 1).Work is the mechanism that transfers energy across the boundaries of systems with differing pressures (or force of any kind),always toward the lower pressure. If the total effect produced in the system can be reduced to the raising of a weight, then nothing but work has crossed the boundary. Workis positive when energy is removed from the system (see Figure 1).Mechanical or shaft work W is the energy delivered or absorbed by a mechanism, such as a turbine, air compressor, or internal combustion engine.Flow work is energy carried into or transmitted across the system boundary because a pumping process occurs somewhere outside the system, causing fluid to enter the system. It can bemore easily understood as the work done by the fluid just outside the system on the adjacent fluid entering the system to force or push it into the system. Flow work also occurs as fluid leaves the system.Flow work =pv (3)where p is the pressure and v is the specific volume, or the volume displaced per unit mass evaluated at the inlet or exit.A property of a system is any observable characteristic of the system. The state of a system is defined by specifying the minimum set of independent properties. The most common thermodynamic properties are temperature T, pressure p, and specific volume v or density ρ. Additional thermodynamic properties include entropy, stored forms of energy, and enthalpy.Frequently, thermodynamic properties combine to form other properties. Enthalpy h is an important property that includes internal energy and flow work and is defined as≡(4) pvh+uwhere u is the internal energy per unit mass.Each property in a given state has only one definite value, and any property always has the same value for a given state, regardless of how the substance arrived at that state.A process is a change in state that can be defined as any change in the properties of a system. A process is described by specifying the initial and final equilibrium states, the path (if identifiable), and the interactions that take place across system boundaries during theprocess.A cycle is a process or a series of processes wherein the initial and final states of the system are identical. Therefore, at the conclusion of a cycle, all the properties have the same value they had at the beginning. Refrigerant circulating in a closed system undergoes acycle.A pure substance has a homogeneous and invariable chemical composition. It can exist in more than one phase, but the chemical composition is the same in all phases.If a substance is liquid at the saturation temperature and pressure,it is called a saturated liquid. If the temperature of the liquid is lower than the saturation temperature for the existing pressure, it is called either a subcooled liquid (the temperature is lower than the saturation temperature for the given pressure) or a compressed liquid (the pressure is greater than the saturation pressure for the given temperature).When a substance exists as part liquid and part vapor at the saturation temperature, its quality is defined as the ratio of the mass of vapor to the total mass. Quality has meaning only when the substance is saturated (i.e., at saturation pressure and temperature).Pressure and temperature of saturated substances are not independent properties.If a substance exists as a vapor at saturation temperature and pressure, it is called a saturated vapor. (Sometimes the term dry saturated vapor is used to emphasize that the quality is 100%.)When the vapor is at a temperature greater than the saturation temperature, it is a superheated vapor. Pressure and temperature of a superheated vapor are independent properties, because the temperature can increase while pressure remains constant. Gases such as air at room temperature and pressure are highly superheated vapors.FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICSThe first law of thermodynamics is often called the law of conservation of energy. The following form of the first-law equation is valid only in the absence of a nuclear or chemical reaction.Based on the first law or the law of conservation of energy for any system, open or closed, there is an energy balance asNet amount of energy Net increase of stored=added to system energy in systemor[Energy in] – [Energy out] = [Increase of stored energy in system]Figure 1 illustrates energy flows into and out of a thermodynamic system. For the general case of multiple mass flows with uniform properties in and out of the system, the energy balance can be written=-++++-+++∑∑W Q gz V pv u m gz V pv u m out out in in )2()2(22 []system i i f f gz V pv u m gz V pv u m )2()2(22++-++ (5)where subscripts i and f refer to the initial and final states,respectively.Nearly all important engineering processes are commonly modeled as steady-flow processes. Steady flow signifies that all quantities associated with the system do not vary with time. Consequently,0)2()2(22=-+++-++∑∑W Q gz V h m gz V h m leavingstream all entering stream all (6)where h = u + pv as described in Equation (4).A second common application is the closed stationary system for which the first law equation reduces to[]system i f u u m W Q )(-=- (7)SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICSThe second law of thermodynamics differentiates and quantifies processes that only proceed in a certain direction (irreversible) from those that are reversible. The second law may be described in several ways. One method uses the concept of entropy flow in an open system and the irreversibility associated with the process. The concept of irreversibility provides added insight into the operation of cycles. For example, the larger the irreversibility in a refrigeration cycle operating with a given refrigeration load between two fixed temperature levels, the larger the amount of work required tooperate the cycle. Irreversibilities include pressure drops in lines andheat exchangers, heat transfer between fluids of different temperature, and mechanical friction. Reducing total irreversibility in a cycle improves cycle performance. In the limit of no irreversibilities, a cycle attains its maximum ideal efficiency. In an open system, the second law of thermodynamics can be described in terms of entropy asdI s m s m dS e e i i T Q system +-+=δδδ(8)wheredS = total change within system in time dt during process systemδm s = entropy increase caused by mass entering (incoming)δm s = entropy decrease caused by mass leaving (exiting)δQ/T = entropy change caused by reversible heat transfer between system and surroundings at temperature TdI = entropy caused by irreversibilities (always positive)Equation (8) accounts for all entropy changes in the system. Rearranged, this equation becomes []I d dS s m s m T Q sys i i e e -+-=)(δδδ (9)In integrated form, if inlet and outlet properties, mass flow, and interactions with the surroundings do not vary with time, the general equation for the second law isI ms ms T Q S S out in revsystem i f +-+=-∑∑⎰)()(/)(δ (10)In many applications, the process can be considered to operate steadily with no change in time. The change in entropy of the system is therefore zero. The irreversibility rate, which is the rate of entropy production caused by irreversibilities in the process, can be determined by rearranging Equation (10):∑∑∑--=surrin out T Q ms ms I )()( (11) Equation (6) can be used to replace the heat transfer quantity.Note that the absolute temperature of the surroundings with which the system is exchanging heat is used in the last term. If the temper-ature of the surroundings is equal to the system temperature, heat istransferred reversibly and the last term in Equation (11) equals zero.Equation (11) is commonly applied to a system with one mass flow in, the same mass flow out, no work, and negligible kinetic or potential energy flows. Combining Equations (6) and (11) yields []surr inout in out T h h s s m I ---=)( (12)In a cycle, the reduction of work produced by a power cycle (or the increase in work required by a refrigeration cycle) equals the absolute ambient temperature multiplied by the sum of irreversibilities in all processes in the cycle. Thus, the difference in reversible and actual work for any refrigeration cycle, theoretical or real, operating under the same conditions, becomes∑+=I T W W reversible actual 0 (13)THERMODYNAMIC ANAL YSIS OFREFRIGERATION CYCLESRefrigeration cycles transfer thermal energy from a region of low temperature T to one of higher temperature. Usually the higher-T R temperature heat sink is the ambient air or cooling water, at temperature T 0, the temperature of the surroundings.The first and second laws of thermodynamics can be applied to individual components to determine mass and energy balances and the irreversibility of the components. This procedure is illustrated in later sections in this chapter.Performance of a refrigeration cycle is usually described by a coefficient of performance (COP), defined as the benefit of the cycle (amount of heat removed) divided by the required energy input to operate the cycle:Useful refrigerating effectCOP ≡Useful refrigeration effect/Net energy supplied from external sources (14)Net energy supplied from external sources For a mechanical vapor compression system, the net energy supplied is usually in the form of work, mechanical or electrical, and may include work to the compressor and fans or pumps. Thus,net evapW Q COP = (15)In an absorption refrigeration cycle, the net energy supplied is usually in the form of heat into the generator and work into the pumps and fans, ornet gen evapW Q Q COP += (16)In many cases, work supplied to an absorption system is very small compared to the amount of heat supplied to the generator, so the work term is often neglected.Applying the second law to an entire refrigeration cycle shows that a completely reversible cycle operating under the same conditions has the maximum possible COP. Departure of the actual cycle from an ideal reversible cycle is given by the refrigerating efficiency:tev R COP COP)(=η (17)The Carnot cycle usually serves as the ideal reversible refrigeration cycle. For multistage cycles, each stage is described by a reversible cycle.工程热力学和制冷循环工程热力学是研究能量及其转换和能量与物质状态之间的关系。

（完整版）暖通空调英语专业词汇大全

（完整版）暖通空调英语专业词汇大全

（完整版）暖通空调英语专业词汇大全附录英汉对照索引AA-weighted sound pressure level A声级（96）absolute humidity 绝对湿度（2）absolute roughness 绝对粗糙度（25）absorbate 吸收质（49）absorbent 吸收剂（49）absorbent 吸声材料（100）absorber 吸收器（85）absorptance for solar radiation 太阳辐射热吸收系数（60）absorption equipment 吸收装置（49）absorption of gas and vapo[u]r 气体吸收（48）absorptiong refrige rationg cycle 吸收式制冷循环（80）absorption-type refrigerating machine吸收式制冷机（84）access door 检查门（55）acoustic absorptivity 吸声系数（100）actual density 真密度（44）actuating element 执行机构（94）actuator 执行机构（94）adaptive control system 自适应控制系统（93）additional factor for exterior door 外门附加率（19）additional factor for intermittent heating 间歇附加率（19）additional factor for wind force 高度附加率（19）additional heat loss 风力附加率（19）adiabatic humidification 附加耗热量（18）adiabatic humidiflcation 绝热加湿（66）adsorbate 吸附质（49）adsorbent 吸附剂（49）adsorber 吸附装置（49）adsorption equipment 吸附装置（49）adsorption of gas and vapo[u]r 气体吸附（48）aerodynamic noise 空气动力噪声（98）aerosol 气溶胶（43）air balance 风量平衡（35）air changes 换气次数（35）air channel 风道（51）air cleanliness 空气洁净度（104）air collector 集气罐（31）air conditioning 空气调节（59）air conditioning condition 空调工况（76）air conditioning equipment 空气调节设备（70）air conditioning machine room 空气调节机房（59）air conditioning system 空气调节系统（62）air conditioning system cooling load 空气调节系统冷负荷（62）air contaminant 空气污染物（51）air-cooled condenser 风冷式冷凝器（82）air cooler 空气冷却器（74）air curtain 空气幕（30）air cushion shock absorber 空气弹簧隔振器（101）air distribution 气流组织（68）air distributor 空气分布器（54）air-douche unit with water atomization喷雾风扇（56）air duct 风管、风道（51）air filter 空气过滤器（58）air handling equipment 空气调节设备（70）air handling unit room 空气调节机房（59）air header 集合管（52）air humidity 空气湿度（2）air inlet 风口（54）air intake 进风口（41）air manifold 集合管（52）air opening 风口（54）air pollutant 空气污染物（51）air pollution 大气污染（50）air preheater 空气预热器（73）air return method 回风方式（70）air return mode 回风方式（70）air return through corridor 走廊回风（70）air space 空气间层（15）air supply method 送风方式（69）air supply mode 送风方式（69）air supply (suction) opening with slide plate 插板式送（吸）风口（54）air supply volume per unit area 单位面积送风量（69）air temperature 空气温度（2）air through tunnel 地道风（40）air-to-air total heat exchanger 全热换热器（73）air-to-cloth ratio 气布比（48）air velocity at work area 作业地带空气流速（5）air velocity at work place 工作地点空气流速（4）air vent 放气阀（31）air-water systen 空气—水系统（64）airborne particles 大气尘（43）air hater 空气加热器（29）airspace 空气间层（15）alarm signal 报警信号（90）ail-air system 全空气系统（63）all-water system 全水系统（64）allowed indoor fluctuation of temperature and relative humidity 室内温湿度允许波动范围（5）ambient noise 环境噪声（97）ammonia 氨（78）amplification factor of centrolled plant 调节对象放大系数（87）amplitude 振幅（100）anergy （77）angle of repose 安息角（44）ange of slide 滑动角（44）angle scale 热湿比（67）angle valve 角阀（31）annual [value] 历年值（3）annual coldest month 历年最冷月（3）annual hottest month 历年最热月（3）anticorrosive 缓蚀剂（78）antifreeze agent 防冻剂（78）antifreeze agent 防冻剂（78）apparatus dew point 机器露点（67）apparent density 堆积密度（45）aqua-ammoniaabsorptiontype-refrigerating machine 氨—水吸收式制冷机（84）aspiation psychrometer 通风温湿度计（102）Assmann aspiration psychrometer 通风温湿度计（102）atmospheric condenser 淋激式冷凝器（83）atmospheric diffusion 大气扩散（40）atmospheric dust 大气尘（43）atmospheric pollution 大气污染（50）atmospheric pressure 大气压力（6atmospheric stability 大气稳定度（50）atmospheric transparency 大气透明度（10）atmospheric turblence 大气湍流（50）automatic control 自动控制（86）automatic roll filter 自动卷绕式过滤器（58）automatic vent 自动放气阀（32）available pressure 资用压力（27）average daily sol-air temperature 日平均综合温度（60）axial fan 轴流式通风机（55）azeotropic mixture refrigerant 共沸溶液制冷剂（77）Bback-flow preventer 防回流装置（53）back pressure of steam trap 凝结水背压力（14）back pressure return 余压回水（15）background noise 背景噪声（98）back plate 挡风板（39）bag filler 袋式除尘器（57）baghouse 袋式除尘器（57）barometric pressure 大气压力（6）basic heat loss 基本耗热量（18）bend muffler 消声弯头（100）bimetallic thermometer 双金属温度计（102）black globe temperature 黑球温度（2）blow off pipe 排污管（23）blowdown 排污管（23）boiler 锅炉（27）boiller house 锅炉房（14）boiler plant 锅炉房（14）boiler room 锅炉房（14）booster 加压泵（29）branch 支管（22）branch duct (通风) 支管（51）branch pipe 支管（22）building envelope 围护结构（15）building flow zones 建筑气流区（37）building heating entry 热力入口（15）bulk density 堆积密度（45）bushing 补心（24）butterfly damper 蝶阀（52）by-pass damper 空气加热器〕旁通阀（41）by-pass pipe 旁通管（23）Ccanopy hood 伞形罩（42）capillary tube 毛细管（84）capture velocity 控制风速（43）capture velocity 外部吸气罩（41）capturing hood 卡诺循环（79）Carnot cycle 串级调节系统（92）cascade control system 铸铁散热器（29）cast iron radiator 催化燃烧（49）catalytic oxidation 催化燃烧（49）ceilling fan 吊扇（56）ceiling panelheating 顶棚辐射采暖（12）center frequency 中心频率（97）central air conditionint system 集中式空气调节系统（63）central heating 集中采暖（11）central ventilation system 新风系统（64）centralized control 集中控制（91）centrifugal compressor 离心式压缩机（82）centrifugal fan 离心式通风机（55）check damper (通风〕止回阀（53）check valve 止回阀（31）chilled water 冷水（76）chilled water system withprimary-secondary pumps 一、二次泵冷水系统（81）chimney (排气〕烟囱（50）circuit 环路（24）circulating fan 风扇（55）circulating pipe 循环管（23）circulating pump 循环泵（29）clean room 洁净室（104）cleaning hole 清扫孔（54）cleaning vacuum plant 真空吸尘装置（58）cleanout opening 清扫孔（54）clogging capacity 容尘量（47）close nipple 长丝（24）closed booth 大容积密闭罩（42）closed full flow return 闭式满管回水（15）closed loop control 闭环控制（87）closed return 闭式回水（15）closed shell and tube condenser 卧式壳管式冷凝器（82）closed shell and tube evaporator 卧式壳管式蒸发器（83）closed tank 闭式水箱（28）coefficient of accumulation of heat 蓄热系数（17）coefficient of atmospheric transpareney 大气透明度（10）coefficient of effective heat emission散热量有效系数（38）coficient of effective heat emission 传热系数（16）coefficient of locall resistance 局部阻力系数（26）coefficient of thermal storage 蓄热系数（17）coefficient of vapo[u]r 蒸汽渗透系数（18）coefficient of vapo[u]r 蒸汽渗透系数（18）coil 盘管（74）collection efficiency 除尘效率（47）combustion of gas and vapo[u]r 气体燃烧（58）comfort air conditioning 舒适性空气调节（59）common section 共同段（25）compensator 补偿器（31）components (通风〕部件（52）compression 压缩（79）compression-type refrigerating machine压缩式制冷机（81）compression-type refrigerating system压缩式制冷系统（81）compression-type refrigeration 压缩式制冷（80）compression-type refrigeration cycle 压缩式制冷循环（79）compression-type water chiller 压缩式冷水机组（81）concentratcd heating 集中采暖（11）concentration of harmful substance 有害物质浓度（36）condensate drain pan 凝结水盘（74）condensate pipe 凝结水管（22）condensate pump 凝缩水泵（29）condensate tank 凝结水箱（28）condensation 冷凝（79）condensation of vapo[u]r 气体冷凝（49）condenser 冷凝器（82）condensing pressure 冷凝压力（75）condensing temperature 冷凝温度（75）condensing unit 压缩冷凝机组（81）conditioned space 空气调节房间（59）conditioned zone 空气调节区（59）conical cowl 锥形风帽（52）constant humidity system 恒湿系统（64）constant temperature and humidity system 恒温恒湿系统（64）constant temperature system 恒温系统（64）constant value control 定值调节（91）constant volume air conditioning system 定风量空气调节系统（63）continuous dust dislodging 连续除灰（48）continuous dust dislodging 连续除灰（48）continuous heating 连续采暖（11）contour zone 稳定气流区（38）control device 控制装置（86）control panel 控制屏（95）control valve 调节阀（95）control velocity 控制风速（43）controlled natural ventilation 有组织自然通风（37）controlled plant 调节对象（86）controlled variable 被控参数（86）controller 调节器（94）convection heating 对流采暖（12）convector 对流散热器（29）cooling 降温、冷却（39、66）cooling air curtain 冷风幕（74）cooling coil 冷盘管（74）cooling coil section 冷却段（72）cooling load from heat 传热冷负荷（62）cooling load from outdoor air 新风冷负荷（62）cooling load from ventilation 新风冷负荷（62）cooling load temperature 冷负荷温度（62）cooling system 降温系统（40）cooling tower 冷却塔（83）cooling unit 冷风机组（56）cooling water 冷却水（76）correcting element 调节机构（95）correcting unit 执行器（94）correction factor for orientaion 朝向修正率（19）corrosion inhibitor 缓蚀剂（78）coupling 管接头（23）cowl 伞形风帽（52）criteria for noise control cross 噪声控频标准（98）cross fan 四通（24）crross-flow fan 贯流式通风机（55）cross-ventilation 穿堂风（37）cut diameter 分割粒径（47）cyclone 旋风除尘器（56）cyclone dust separator 旋风除尘器（56）cylindrical ventilator 筒形风帽（52）Ddaily range 日较差（6）damping factot 衰减倍数（17）data scaning 巡回检测（90）days of heating period 采暖期天数（9）deafener 消声器（99）decibel(dB) 分贝（96）degree-days of heating period 采暖期度日数（9）degree of subcooling 过冷度（79）degree of superheat 过热度（80）dehumidification 减湿（66）dehumidifying cooling 减湿冷却（66）density of dust particle 真密度（44）derivative time 微分时间（89）design conditions 计算参数（2）desorption 解吸（49）detecting element 检测元件（93）detention period 延迟时间（18）deviation 偏差（87）dew-point temperature 露点温度（2）dimond-shaped damper 菱形叶片调节阀（53）differential pressure type flowmeter 差压流量计（103）diffuser air supply 散流器（54）diffuser air supply 散流器送风（69）direct air conditioning system 直流式空气调节系统（64）direct combustion 直接燃烧（48）direct-contact heat exchanger 汽水混合式换热器（28）direct digital control (DDC) system 直接数字控制系统（92）direct evaporator 直接式蒸发器（83）direct-fired lithiumbromideabsorption-type refrigerating machine 直燃式溴化锂吸收式制冷机（85）direct refrigerating system 直接制冷系统（80）direct return system 异程式系统（20）direct solar radiation 太阳直接辐射（10）discharge pressure 排气压力（76）discharge temperature 排气温度（76）dispersion 大气扩散（49）district heat supply 区域供热（15）district heating 区域供热（15）disturbance frequency 扰动频率（100）dominant wind direction 最多风向（7）double-effect lithium-bromideabsorption-type refigerating machine 双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机（85）double pipe condenser 套管式冷凝器（82）down draft 倒灌（39）downfeed system 上分式系统（21）downstream spray pattern 顺喷（67）drain pipe 泄水管（23）drain pipe 排污管（23）droplet 液滴（44）drv air 干空气（65）dry-and-wet-bulb thermometer 干湿球温度表（102）dry-bulb temperature 干球温度（2）dry cooling condition 干工况（67）dry dust separator 干式除尘器（56）dry expansion evaporator 干式蒸发器（83）dry return pipe 干式凝结水管（22）dry steam humidifler 干蒸汽加湿器（72）dualductairconing ition 双风管空气调节系统（63）dual duct system 双风管空气调节系统（63）duct 风管、风道（51）dust 粉尘（43）dust capacity 容尘量（47）dust collector 除尘器（56）dust concentration 含尘浓度（46）dust control 除尘（46）dust-holding capacity 容尘量（47）dust removal 除尘（46）dust removing system 除尘系统（46）dust sampler 粉尘采样仪（104）dust sampling meter 粉尘采样仪（104）dust separation 除尘（45）dust separator 除尘器（56）dust source 尘源（45）dynamic deviation 动态偏差（88）Eeconomic resistance of heat transfer 经济传热阻（17）economic velocity 经济流速（26）efective coefficient of local resistance 折算局部阻力系数（26）effective legth 折算长度（25）effective stack height 烟囱有效高度（50）effective temperature difference 送风温差（70）ejector 喷射器（85）ejetor 弯头（24）elbow 电加热器（73）electric heater 电加热段（71）electric panel heating 电热辐射采暖（13）electric precipitator 电除尘器（57）electricradian theating 电热辐射采暖（13）electricresistance hu-midkfier 电阻式加湿器（72）electro-pneumatic convertor 电—气转换器（94）electrode humidifler 电极式加湿器（73）electrostatic precipi-tator 电除尘器（57）eliminator 挡水板（74）emergency ventilation 事故通风（34）emergency ventilation system 事故通风系统（40）emission concentration 排放浓度（51）enclosed hood 密闭罩（42）enthalpy 焓（76）enthalpy control system 新风〕焓值控制系统（91）enthalpy entropy chart 焓熵图（77）entirely ventilation 全面通风（33）entropy 熵（76）environmental noise 环境噪声（97）equal percentage flow characteristic 等百分比流量特性（89）equivalent coefficient of local resistance 当量局部阻力系数（26）equivalent length 当量长度（25）equivalent[continuous A] sound level 等效〔连续A〕声级（96）evaporating pressure 蒸发压力（75）evaporating temperature 蒸发温度（75）evaporative condenser 蒸发式冷凝器（83）evaporator 蒸发器（83）excess heat 余热（35）excess pressure 余压（37）excessive heat 余热（35）exergy （76）exhaust air rate 排风量（35）exhaust fan 排风机（41）exhaust fan room 排风机室（41）exhaust hood 局部排风罩（41）exhaust inlet 吸风口（54）exhaust opening 吸风口（54）exhaust opening orinlet 风口（54）exhaust outlet 排风口（54）exaust vertical pipe 排气〕烟囱（50）exhausted enclosure 密闭罩（42）exit 排风口（54）expansion 膨胀（79）expansion pipe 膨胀管（23）explosion proofing 防爆（36）expansion steam trap 恒温式疏水器（32）expansion tank 膨胀水箱（28）extreme maximum temperature 极端最高温度（6）extreme minimum temperature 极端最低温度（6）Ffabric collector 袋式除尘器（57）face tube 皮托管（103）face velocity 罩口风速（42）fan 通风机（55）fan-coil air-conditioning system 风机盘管空气调节系统（64）fan-coil system 风机盘管空气调节系统（64）fan-coil unit 风机盘管机组（72）fan house 通风机室（41）fan room 通风机室（41）fan section 风机段（72）feed-forward control 前馈控制（91）feedback 反馈（86）feeding branch tlo radiator 散热器供热支管（23）fibrous dust 纤维性粉尘（43）fillter cylinder for sampling 滤筒采样管（104）fillter efficiency 过滤效率（47）fillter section 过滤段（71）filltration velocity 过滤速度（48）final resistance of filter 过滤器终阻力（47）fire damper 防火阀（53）fire prevention 防火（36）fire protection 防火（36）fire-resisting damper 防火阀（53）fittings (通风〕配件（52）fixed set-point control 定值调节（91）fixed support 固定支架（24）fixed time temperature (humidity) 定时温（湿）度（5）flame combustion 热力燃烧（48）flash gas 闪发气体（78）flash steam 二次蒸汽（14）flexible duct 软管（52）flexible joint 柔性接头（52）float type steam trap 浮球式疏水器（32）float valve 浮球阀（31）floating control 无定位调节（88）flooded evaporator 满液式蒸发器（83）floor panel heating 地板辐射采暖（13）flow capacity of control valve 调节阀流通能力（90）flow characteristic of control valve 调节阀流量特性（89）foam dust separator 泡沫除尘器（57）follow-up control system 随动系统（92）forced ventilation 机械通风（33）forward flow zone 射流区（69）foul gas 不凝性气体（78）four-pipe water system 四管制水系统（65）fractional separation efficiency 分级除尘效率（47）free jet 自由射流（68）free sillica 游离二氧化硅（43）free silicon dioxide 游离二氧化硅（43）freon 氟利昂（77）frequency interval 频程（97）frequency of wind direction 风向频率（7）fresh air handling unit 新风机组（71）fresh air requirement 新风量（67）friction factor 摩擦系数（25）friction loss 摩擦阻力（25）frictional resistance 摩擦阻力（25）fume 烟〔雾〕（44）fumehood 排风柜（42）fumes 烟气（44）Ggas-fired infrared heating 煤气红外线辐射采暖（13）gas-fired unit heater 燃气热风器（30）gas purger 不凝性气体分离器（84）gate valve 闸阀（31）general air change 全面通风（33）general exhaust ventilation (GEV) 全面排风（33）general ventilation 全面通风（33）generator 发生器（85）global radiation 总辐射（10）grade efficiency 分级除尘效率（47）granular bed filter 颗粒层除尘器（57）granulometric distribution 粒径分布（44）gravel bed filter 颗粒层除尘器（57）gravity separator 沉降室（56）ground-level concentration 落地浓度（51）guide vane 导流板（52）Hhair hygrometor 毛发湿度计（102）hand pump 手摇泵（29）harmful gas and vapo[u]r 有害气体（48）harmful substance 有害物质（35）header 分水器、集水器（30、31）heat and moisture transfer 热湿交换（67）heat balance 热平衡（35）heat conduction coefficient 导热系数（16）heat conductivity 导热系数（16）heat distributing network 热网（15）heat emitter 散热器（29）heat endurance 热稳定性（17）heat exchanger 换热器（27）heat flowmeter 热流计（103）heat flow rate 热流量（16）heat gain from appliance and equipment 设备散热量（61）heat gain from lighting 照明散热量（61）heat gain from occupant 人体散热量（61）heat insulating window 保温窗（41）heat(thermal)insuation 隔热（39）heat(thermal)lag 延迟时间（18）heat loss 耗热量（18）heat loss by infiltration 冷风渗透耗热量（19）heat-operated refrigerating system 热力制冷系统（81）heat-operated refrigetation 热力制冷（80）heat pipe 热管（74）heat pump 热泵（85）heat pump air conditioner 热泵式空气调节器（71）heat release 散热量（38）heat resistance 热阻（16）heat screen 隔热屏（39）heat shield 隔热屏（39）heat source 热源（13）heat storage 蓄热（61）heat storage capacity 蓄热特性（61）heat supply 供热（14）heat supply network 热网（15）heat transfer 传热（15）heat transmission 传热（15）heat wheel 转轮式换热器（73）heated thermometer anemometer 热风速仪（103）heating 采暖、供热、加热（11、14、66）heating appliance 采暖设备（27）heating coil 热盘管（74）heating coil section 加热段（71）heating equipment 采暖设备（27）heating load 热负荷（19）heating medium 热媒（13）heating medium parameter 热媒参数（14）heating pipeline 采暖管道（22）heating system 采暖系统（20）heavy work 重作业（105）high-frequency noise 高频噪声（98）high-pressure ho twater heating 高温热水采暖（12）high-pressure steam heating 高压蒸汽采暖（12）high temperature water heating 高温热水采暖（12）hood 局部排风罩（41）horizontal water-film syclonet 卧式旋风水膜除尘器（57）hot air heating 热风采暖（12）hot air heating system 热风采暖系统（20）hot shop 热车间（39）hot water boiler 热水锅炉（27）hot water heating 热水采暖（11）hot water system 热水采暖系统（20）hot water pipe 热水管（22）hot workshop 热车间（39）hourly cooling load 逐时冷负荷（62）hourly sol-air temperature 逐时综合温度（60）humidification 加湿（66）humidifier 加湿器（72）humididier section 加湿段（71）humidistat 恒湿器（94）humidity ratio 含湿量（65）hydraulic calculation 水力计算（24）hydraulic disordeer 水力失调（26）hydraulic dust removal 水力除尘（46）hydraulic resistance balance 阻力平衡（26）hydraulicity 水硬性（45）hydrophilic dust 亲水性粉尘（43）hydrophobic dust 疏水性粉尘（43）Iimpact dust collector 冲激式除尘器（58）impact tube 皮托管（103）impedance muffler 阻抗复合消声器（99）inclined damper 斜插板阀（53）index circuit 最不利环路（24）indec of thermal inertia (valueD) 热惰性指标（D值）（17）indirect heat exchanger 表面式换热器（28）indirect refrigerating sys 间接制冷系统（80）indoor air design conditions 室内在气计算参数（5）indoor air velocity 室内空气流速（4）indoor and outdoor design conditions 室内外计算参数（2）indoor reference for air temperature and relative humidity 室内温湿度基数（5）indoor temperature (humidity) 室内温（湿）度（4）induction air-conditioning system 诱导式空气调节系统（64）induction unit 诱导器（72）inductive ventilation 诱导通风（34）industral air conditioning 工艺性空气调节（59）industrial ventilation 工业通风（33）inertial dust separator 惯性除尘器（56）infiltration heat loss 冷风渗透耗热量（19）infrared humidifier 红外线加湿器（73）infrared radiant heater 红外线辐射器（30）inherent regulation of controlled plant 调节对象自平衡（87）initial concentration of dust 初始浓度（47）initial resistance of filter 过滤器初阻力（47）input variable 输入量（89）insulating layer 保温层（105）integral enclosure 整体密闭罩（42）integral time 积分时间（89）interlock protection 联锁保护（91）intermittent dust removal 定期除灰（48）intermittent heating 间歇采暖（11）inversion layer 逆温层（50）inverted bucket type steam trap 倒吊桶式疏水器（32）irradiance 辐射照度（4）isoenthalpy 等焓线（66）isobume 等湿线（66）isolator 隔振器（101）isotherm 等温线（66）isothermal humidification 等温加湿（67）isothermal jet 等温射流（68）Jjet 射流（68）jet axial velocity 射流轴心速度（69）jet divergence angle 射流扩散角（69）jet in a confined space 受限射流（68）Kkatathermometer 卡他温度计（102）Llaboratory hood 排风柜（42）lag of controlled plant 调节对象滞后（87）large space enclosure 大容积密闭罩（42）latent heat 潜热（60）lateral exhaust at the edge of a bath 槽边排风罩（42）lateral hoodlength of pipe section 侧吸罩（42）length of pipe section 管段长度（25）light work 轻作业（105）limit deflection 极限压缩量（101）limit switch 限位开关（95）limiting velocity 极限流速（26）linear flow characteristic 线性流量特性（89）liquid-level ga[u]ge 液位计（103）liquid receiver 贮液器（84）lithium bromide 溴化锂（78）lithium-bromide absorption-type refrigerating machine 溴化锂吸收式制冷机（84）lithium chloride resistance hygrometer 氯化锂电阻湿度计（93）load pattern 负荷特性（62）local air conditioning 局部区域空气调节（59）local air suppiy system 局部送风系统（40）local exhaustventilation (LEV) 局部排风（34）local exhaust system 局部排风系统（40）local heating 局部采暖（11）local relief 局部送风（34）local relief system 局部送风系统（40）local resistance 局部阻力（25）local solartime 地方太阳时（10）local ventilation 局部通风（34）local izedairsupply for air-heating 集中送风采暖（12）local ized air control 就地控制（91）loop 环路（24）louver 百叶窗（41）low-frequencynoise 低频噪声（98）low-pressure steam heating 低压蒸汽采暖（12）lyophilic dust 亲水性粉尘（43）lyophobic dust 疏水性粉尘（43）Mmain 总管、干管（22）main duct 通风〕总管、〔通风〕干管（51）main pipe 总管、干管（22）make-up water pump 补给水泵（28）manual control 手动控制（91）mass concentration 质量浓度（36）maximum allowable concentration (MAC) 最高容许浓度（36）maximum coefficient of heat transfer 最大传热系数（17）maximum depth of frozen ground 最大冻土深度（7）maximum sum of hourly colling load 逐时冷负荷综合最大值（62）mean annual temperature (humidity) 年平均温（湿）度（6）mean daily temperature (humidity) 日平均温（湿）度（5）mean dekad temperature (humidity) 旬平均温（湿）度（6）mean monthly maximum temperature 月平均最高温度（6）mean monthly minimum temperature 月平均最低温度（6）mean monthly temperature (humidity) 月平均温（湿）度（6）mean relative humidity 平均相对湿度（7）mean wind speed 平均风速（7）mechanical air supply system 机械送风系统（40）mechanical and hydraulic combined dust removal 联合除尘（46）mechanical anemometer 机械式风速仪（103）mechanical cleaning off dust 机械除尘（46）mechanical dust removal 机械排风系统（40）mechanical exhaust system 机械通风系统（40）mechanical ventilation 机械通风（33）media velocity 过滤速度（48）metal radiant panel 金属辐射板（30）metal radiant panel heating 金属辐射板采暖（13）micromanometer 微压计（103）micropunch plate muffler 微穿孔板消声器（90）mid-frequency noise 中频噪声（98）middle work 中作业（105）midfeed system 中分式系统（22）minimum fresh air requirmente 最小新风量（68）minimum resistance of heat transfer 最小传热阻（17）mist 雾（44）mixing box section 混合段（71）modular air handling unit 组合式空气调节机组（71）moist air 湿空气（65）moisture excess 余湿（35）moisure gain 散湿量（61）moisture gain from appliance and equipment 设备散湿量（61）moisturegain from occupant 人体散湿量（61）motorized valve 电动调节阀（95）motorized (pneumatic) 电（气）动两通阀（95）2-way valvemotorized (pneumatic)3-way valve 电（气）动三通阀（95）movable support 活动支架（24）muffler 消声器（99）muffler section 消声段（72）multi-operating mode automtic conversion 工况自动转换（90）multi-operating mode control system 多工况控制系统（92）multiclone 多管〔旋风〕除尘器（56）multicyclone 多管〔旋风〕除尘器（56）multishell condenser 组合式冷凝器（82）Nnatural and mechanical combined ventilation 联合通风（33）natural attenuation quantity of noise 噪声自然衰减量（99）natural exhaust system 自然排风系统（37）natural freguency 固有频率（100）natural ventilation 自然通风（33）NC-curve[s] 噪声评价NC曲线（97）negative freedback 负反馈（86）neutral level 中和界（39）neutral pressure level 中和界（39）neutral zone 中和界（39）noise 噪声（97）noise control 噪声控制（98）noise criter ioncurve(s) 噪声评价NC曲线（97）noisc rating number 噪声评价NR曲线（97）noise reduction 消声（99）non azeotropic mixture refragerant 非共沸溶液制冷剂（77）non-commonsection 非共同段（25）non condensable gas 不凝性气体（78）non condensable gas purger 不凝性气体分离器（84）non-isothermal jct 非等温射流（68）nonreturn damper 〔通风〕止回阀（53）nonreturn valve 止回阀（31）normal coldest month 累年最冷月（3）normal coldest 3-month period 累年最冷三个月（3）normal hottest month 累年最热月（３）normal hottest 3month period 累年最热三个月（3）normal three summer months 累年最热三个月（3）normal three winter months 累年最冷三个月（3）normals 累年值（3）nozzle outlet air suppluy 喷口送风（69）number concentration 计数浓度（36）number of degree-day of heating period 采暖期度日数（9）Ooctave 倍频程（97）1/3 octave 倍频程（97）octave band 倍频程（97）oil cooler 油冷却器（84）oill-fired unit heater 燃油热风器（30）one-and-two pipe combined heating system 单双管混合式采暖系统（21）one (single)-pipe circuit (cross-over) heating system 单管跨越式采暖系统（21）one(single)-pipe heating system 单管采暖系统（21）one(single)-pipe loop circuit heating system 水平单管采暖系统（21）one(single)-pipe seriesloop heating system 单管顺序式采暖系统（21）one-third octave band 倍频程（97）on-of control 双位调节（88）open loop control 开环控制（86）open return 开式回水（15）open shell and tube condenser 立式壳管式冷凝器（82）open tank 开式水箱（28）operating pressure 工作压力（27）operating range 作用半径（26）opposed multiblade damper 对开式多叶阀（52）organized air supply 有组织进风（33）organized exhaust 有组织排风（34）organized natural ventilation 有组织自然通风（37）outdoor air design conditions 室外空气计算参数（7）outdoor ctitcal air temperature for heating 采暖室外临界温度（9）outdoor design dry-bulb temperature for summer air conlitioning 夏季空气调节室外计算干球温度（8）outdoor design hourly temperature for summer air conditioning 夏季空气调节室外计算逐时温度（9）outdoor design mean daily temperature for summer air conditioning 夏季空气调节室外计算日平均温度（9）outdoor design relative humidityu for summer ventilation 夏季通风室外计算相对湿度（8）outdoor design relative humidity for winter air conditioning 冬季空气调节室外计算相对湿度（8）outdoor design temperature ture for calculated envelope in winter冬季围护结构室外计算温度（8）outdoor design temperature ture for heating 采暖室外计算温度（7）outdoor design temperature for summer ventilation 夏季通风室外计算温度（8）outdoor design temperature for winter air conditioning 冬季空气调节室外计算温度（8）outdoor design temperature for winter vemtilation 冬季通风室外计算温度（7）outdoor designwet-bulb temperature for summer air conditioning 夏季空气调节室外计算湿球温度（8）outdoor mean air temperature during heating period 采暖期室外平均温度（9）outdoor temperature(humidity) 室外温（湿）度（5）outlet air velocity 出口风速（70）out put variable 输出量（89）overall efficiency of separation 除尘效率（47）overall heat transmission coefficient 传热系数（16）overflow pipe 溢流管（23）overheat steam 过热蒸汽（14）overlapping averages 滑动平均（4）overshoot 超调量（88）Ppackaged air conditioner 整体式空气调节器（70）packaged heat pump 热泵式空气调节器（71）packed column 填料塔（58）packed tower 填料塔（58）panel heating 辐射采暖（12）parabolic flow character-istic 抛物线流量特性（90）parallel multiblade damperin 平行式多叶阀（53）parameter detection 参数检测（90）part 通风〕部件（52）partial enclosure 局部密闭罩（42）partial pressure of water vapo[u]r 水蒸汽分压力（6）particle 粒子（44）particle counter 粒子计数器（104）particle number concentration 计数浓度（36）particle size 粒径（44）particle size distribution 粒径分布（44）particulate 粒子（44）particulate collector 除尘器（56）particulates 大气尘（43）passage ventilating duct 通过式风管（52）penetration rate 穿透率（47）percentage of men，women and children 群集系数（62）percentage of possible sunshine 日照率（7）percentage of return air 回风百分比（68）perforated ceiling air supply 孔板送风（69）perforated plate tower 筛板塔（58）periodic dust dislodging 定期除灰（48）piece (通风〕部件（52）pipe fittings 管道配件（23）pipe radiator 光面管散热器（29）pipe section 管段（25）pipe coil 光面管放热器（29）pitot tube 皮托管（103）plate heat exchanger 板式换热器（73）plenum chamber 静压箱（74）plenum space 稳压层（70）plug 丝堵（24）plume 烟羽（50）plume rise height 烟羽抬升高度（50）PNC-curve[s] 噪声评价PNC曲线（97）pneumatic conveying 气力输送（46）pueumatic transport 气力输送（46）pneumatic valve 气动调节阀（95）pneumo-electrical convertor 气-电转换器（94）positioner 定位器（95）positive feedback 正反馈（86）powerroof ventilator 屋顶通风机（55）preferred noise criteria curve[s] 噪声评价PNC曲线（97）pressure drop 压力损失（26）pressure enthalpy chart 压焓图（77）pressure ga[u]ge 压力表（103）pressure of steam supply 供汽压力（14）pressure reducing valve 减压阀（31）pressure relief device 泄压装置（53）pressure relief valve 安全阀（31）pressure thermometer 压力式温度计（102）pressure volume chart 压容图（77）primary air fan-coil system 风机盘管加新风系统（64）primary air system 新风系统（64）primary retirn air 一次回风（68）process air conditioning 工艺性空气调节（59）program control 程序控制（91）proportional band 比例带（89）proportional control 比例调节（88）proportional-integral (PI)control 比例积分调节（88）proportional-integralderivative(PID)control 比例积分微分调节（88）protected(roof)monitor 避风天窗（39）psychrometric chart 声级计（104）pulvation action 干湿球温度表（102）push-pull hood 焓湿图（65）pulvation action 尘化作用（45）push-pull hood 吹吸式排风罩（42）Qquick open flow characteristic 快开流量特性（89）Rradiant heating 辐射采暖（12）radiant intensity 辐射强度（4）radiation intensity 辐射强度（4）radiator 散热器（29）radiator heating 散热器采暖（12）radiator heating system 散热器采暖系统（20）radiator valve 散热器调节阀（32）rating under air conditioning condition 空调工况制冷量（75）reactive muffler 抗性消声器（99）。

暖通工程专业英语

暖通工程专业英语

Abbreviations（缩略词）AP ACCESS PANEL 检查口AAV AUTOMATIC AIR VENT 自动排气口ACB AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER 空气断路器ACR AIR COOLED RADIATOR 风冷散热器ACS AUTOMATIC CLEANING SYSTEM 自动清洗系统AFFL ABOVE FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL 楼面竣工标高以上ASFL ABOVE STRUCTURAL FLOOR LEVEL 建筑标高以上AHU AIR HANDLING UNIT空气处理机组& AND 与BW BLEED-OFF WATER 排出水COWP CONDENSING WATER PUMP冷凝水泵COWR CONDENSING WATER RETURN冷凝水回流COWS CONDENSING WATER SUPPLY 冷凝水供应CH CHILLER 冷却装置CHWP CHILLER WATER PUMP 冷水泵CHWR CHILLER WATER RETURN 冷水回流CHWS CHILLER WATER SUPPLY 冷水供应C/O CHANGE OVER 转接CO CARBON MONOXIDE SENSOR 一氧化碳传感器CT CURRENT TRANSFORMER 电流转换器C/W COMPLETE WITH 附件DL DOOR LOUVRE 通风门DOL DIRECT ON LINE 直接在线EA EXHAUST AIR 废气EAD EXHAUST AIR DUCT 排气管EAF EXHAUST AIR FAN 排气扇EAG EXHAUST AIR GRILLE 排气格栅EAL EXHAUST AIR LOUVRE 排气口ETL ELECTRO-THERMAL LINK 电热体EQ EQUALIZATING PIPE 平衡管F/A FROM ABOVE 从上面F/B FROM BELOW 从下面FAD FRESH AIR DUCT 净气管道FAF FRESH AIR FAN 净气扇FAG FRESH AIR GRILLE 净气栅格FAI FRESH AIR INTAKE 净气进口FAL FRESH AIR LOUVRE 净气口FCU FAN COIL UINT 风机盘管单元F.D FIRE DAMPER 防火挡板FRP FIRE RATE PERIOD 火灾时期FL FLOOR LEVEL 楼面标高F&E FEED &EXPANSION 供给和膨胀F/S FUSE SWITCH 保险丝开关F&BP FEED &EXPANSION PIPE 供给和膨胀管H/L HIGH LEVEL 高电平H/X HEAT EXCHANGER 热交换器HP HEAT PUMP 热泵H.F.D HIGH TEMP.(121 DEG)FIRE DAMPER高温防火闸GEAF WINDOW MOUNTED/WALL MOUNTED TYPE EXHAUST FAN 窗挂/壁挂式排气扇L/L LOW LEVEL 低电平LCP LOCAL CONTROL PANEL 局部控制盘M/L MID LEVEL 中等水平MAD MAKE-UP AIR DUCT 空气补偿道MAF MAKE-UP AIR FAN 空气补偿扇MCC MOTOR CONTROL CUBICLE 电机控制室MUW MAKE-UP WATER 添加水MSFD MOTORISED SMOKE&FIRE DAMPER 机动烟和防火闸NTS NOT TO SCALE 不按比例NRD NON-RETURN DAMPER 不回流阻尼器PAD PRIMARY AIR DUCT 主通风管PFD POST FIRE SMOKE REMOVAL DUCT 消防排烟管PFF POST FIRE SMOKE REMOVAL FAN 消防排烟风机PUD SMOKE PURGE DUCT 空气净化管PUF SMOKE PURGE FAN 空气净化扇RA RETURN AIR 回风RAD RETURN AIR DUCT 回风管道RAG RETURN AIR GRILLE 回风格栅RAL RETURN AIR LOUVRE 回流空气口SA SUPPLY AIR 送风SAD SUPPLY AIR DUCT 送风管道SAG SUPPLY AIR GRILLE 送风格栅SED SMOKE EXTRACTION AIR DUCT 排烟风管SEF SMOKE EXTRACTION FAN 排烟扇SPD STAIRCASE PRESSURIZATION DUCT 楼梯增压管道SPF STAIRCASE PRESSURIZATION FAN 楼梯增压扇SPS STAIRCASE PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM 楼梯增压系统T/A TO ABOVE 到上面T/B TO BELOW 到下面TA TRANSFER AIR 空气转移TAD TRANSFER AIR DUCT 空气转移管道TAG TRANSFER AIR GRILLE 空气转移格栅TAL TRANSFER AIR LOUVRE 空气转移口TED TOILET EXHAUST DUCT 厕所排风管道TEF TOILET EXHAUST FAN 厕所排风机VAV VARIABLE AIR VOLUME 变风量VCD VOLUME CONTROL DAMPER 风量控制阀w/ WITH 有，接触w/o WITHOUT 没有，不接触WMS WIRE MESH SCREEN 金属丝网筛WL WEATHERPROOF LOUVRE 防水口LEGENDS（图例）GATE VALVE (NORMALLY OPEN) 阀门(常开的)GATE VALVE (NORMALLY CLOSED) 阀门(常关的)CHECK VALVE/NON-RETURN VALVE单向阀GLOBE VALVE (NORMALLY OPEN) 球阀（常开的）GLOBE VALVE (NORMALLY CLOSED) 球阀（常闭的）Y-TYPE STRAINER Y型过滤器BUTTERFLY VALVE 蝶形阀，瓣阀PRESSURE INDEPENDENT CONTROL VALVE 压力控制阀FLEXIBLE CONNECTOR 弹性接头，挠性连接器EXPANSION JOINT 伸缩缝2-WAY MODULATING VALVE 双向调节阀DP CONTROLLER 防潮控制器PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE 减压阀，减压活门CONSTANT FLOW VALVE 恒流量阀2-WAY ON/OFF CONTROL VALVE 双向开、关控制阀3-WAY ON/OFF CONTROL VALVE三向开、关控制阀2-WAY VALVE 双向阀SOLENOLD VALVE 电磁阀VALVE WITH PLUG-OFF 无塞阀门DRAIN VALVE 排水阀3-WAY MODULATING VALVE三向调节阀PLUG COCK 旋塞，转阀ECCENTRIC REDUCER 偏心异径管，偏心大小头CONCENTRIC REDUCER 同心异径管，同心大小头BASKET STRAINER 篮式过滤器ANTIVACUUM VALVE 反压力阀门AUTOMATIC AIR VENT C/W ISOLATING VALVE 自动排气管C/W 隔离阀AIR WENT PIPE 排气管BALL FLOAT SWITCH 浮动开关BALL FLOAT VALVE 浮子阀，浮球阀PRESSURE SENSOR 压力传感器FLOW METER 流量计THERMOMETER 温度计DIFFERNTIAL PRESSURE SWITCHFLOW SWITCH 流量开关，气流换向器TEMPERATURE GAUGE 温度计，温度测试表HEAT REJECTION COIL(RADIATOR) 排热线圈（散热器）REFRIGERANT PIPE 制冷剂管BLEED-OFF WATER PIPE 分流水管MAKE-UP WATER PIPE 补给水，补充水，添加水CHILLED WATER SUPPLY 冷却水供应CHILLED WATER RETURN 冷却水回流HOT WATER SUPPLY 热水供应HOT WATER RETURN 热水回流CONDENSING WATER SUPPLY 冷凝水供应CONDENSING WATER RETURN 冷凝水回流CONDENSATE DRAIN PIPE 冷凝排水管WATER PUMP 抽水机，水泵VAV BOX 变风量空调系统的末端装置CAV BOX 定风量空调系统的末端装置CENTRIFUGAL FAN 离心式风扇，离心式鼓风机WINDOW MOUNTED/WALL MOUNTED TYPE EXHAUST FAN 窗挂式/墙挂式排风机（排气扇）PROPELLER TYPE EXHAUST FAN 螺旋式排风机INDOOR CONDENSING UNIT 内置式压缩冷凝机AXIAL FAN 轴流式通风机、轴流式风扇THEROSTAT C/W 3 SPEED CONTROLLER (WALL MOUNTED)LOCAL MOTOR CONTROL PANEL 电动机控制板COOLING COIL 冷却旋管HUMIDIFIER 加湿器DUCT SILENCER 导管消音器HUMIDISTAT 湿度调节器、恒湿器DUCT OR PIPE MOUNTED TEMPERATURE SENSOR 装有温度传感器的管子IMMERSION TEMPERATURE SENSOR 浸入式温度传感器DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SWITCH 压力开关、压力差电门DIRECT DIGTAL CONTROL 直接数字化控制DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SENSOR 差动压力传感器DUCTWORK FLEXIBLE JOINT 柔性接头管道系统WATER HAMMER ARRESTER 水击避电器CARBON MONOXIDE AND NITROGEN DIOXIDE SENSOR 一氧化碳和二氧化碳传感器MOTORISED SMOKE &FIRE DAMPER W/DUCT TYPE SMOKE DETECTOR 机动烟和防火挡板w型/管型烟雾探测器PROBE TYPE SMOKE DETECTOR 针式烟雾探测器SIGHT GLASS 观察孔，窥镜REFIRGERANT DRYER 冷冻干燥器LOCAL MOTOR CONTROL PANEL 电动机控制板DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROLLER PANEL 直接数字控制器VOLUME CONTROL DAMPER 风量控制阀MOTORIZED DAMPER 机动阻尼器FIRE DAMPER 防火挡板GUIDE VANE 导流叶片，导向叶片ACCESS PANEL 检修门，检查口，检修窗AIR DIFFUSER 空气扩散器AIR GRILLE 通风花窗SLOT DIFFUSER 条缝型散流器JET NOZZLE 喷嘴，尾喷口，喷射管RETURN AIR DUCT/EXHAUST AIR DUCT 回风管道/排气管道SUPPLY AIR DUCT/FRESH AIR DUCT 送气管道/新鲜空气管道BAG TYPE FILTER 袋式过滤器PANEL FILTER 过滤板AIR FLOW DIRECTION 空气流向METALCLAD SWITCH (RATING AS INDICATED, TPN UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED) 金属壳开关（按照说明的等级，采用TPN除非另外有说明）METALCLAD SWITCH MOUNTED AT CEILING LEVEL装有最高电平的金属壳开关METALCLAD SWITCH MOUNTED AT HIGH LEVEL 装有高电平的金属壳开关WEATHERPROOF SWITCH, IP56，UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED 防雨开关，IP56，除非另外有说明FLAMEPROOF SWITCH 防火开关TP&N COPPER BUSBAR CHAMBER TP&N铜母线室AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER 空气断路器SWITCH FUSED 熔融开关METALCLAD SWITCH/ISOLATOR/AI SWITCH 金属壳的开关/绝缘体/人工智能开关MCCB/MCB 塑料外壳式断路器/微型断路器FUSE LINK, C/W 6A FUSE UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED 熔线环C/W 除非有另外的说明6A的时候融化CURRENT TRANSFORMER 电流变换器AMMETER 安培计AMMETER SELECTOR 电流表选择开关VOL TMETER音量转让进口VOL TMETER SELECTOR 音量转让进口选择钮INDICATING LAMPS (RED, YELLOW &BLUE) 指示灯（红、黄和蓝）POWER FACTOR METER 功率因数表，功率因数计IDMT OVER-CURRENT PROTECTION RELAY IDMT过流保护继电器IDMT EARTH PROTECTION RELAY IDMT接地保护继电器ENERGY CHECK METER 能量校验仪表BULKHEAD 隔板，防水壁FIRE RATED ENCLOSURE (2 HOURS) 耐火外壳（2小时）TEST POINT 测试点AIR PURIFIER 空气净化器空气滤净器CARBON DIOXIDE SENSOR 二氧化碳传感器VOC SENSOR VOC传感器WATER COOLED VARIABLE REFRIGERANT VOLUME OUTDOOR UNIT水冷式可变制冷剂体室外机VRV BRANCH PIPE KITS VRV支管装备AIR COOLED VARIABLE REFRIGERANT VOLUME OUTDOOR UNIT 风冷式可变制冷剂体室外机FCU 风机盘管ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR 静电除尘器，电集尘器ENERGY METER C/W BMS H/L INTERFACE 能量计c/w 电池管理系统h/l接口EMERGENCY STOP PUSH BUTTON 紧急制动按钮。

暖通毕业设计外文翻译

暖通毕业设计外文翻译

Thermal comfort in the future - Excellence and expectationP. Ole Fanger and Jørn ToftumInternational Centre for Indoor Environment and EnergyTechnical University of DenmarkAbstractThis paper predicts some trends foreseen in the new century as regards the indoor environment and thermal comfort. One trend discussed is the search for excellence, upgrading present standards that aim merely at an “acceptable” condition with a substantial number of dissatisfied. An important element in this connection is individual thermal control. A second trend is to acknowledge that elevated air temperature and humidity have a strong negative impact on perceived air quality and ventilation requirements. Future thermal comfort and IAQ standards should include these relationships as a basis for design. The PMV model has been validated in the field in buildings with HVAC systems that were situated in cold, temperate and warm climates and were studied during both summer and winter. In non-air-conditioned buildings in warm climates occupants may sense the warmth as being less severe than the PMV predicts, due to low expectations. An extension of the PMV model that includes an expectancy factor is proposed for use in non-air-conditioned buildings in warm climates. The extended PMV model agrees well with field studies inon-air-conditioned buildings of three continents.Keywords: PMV, Thermal sensation, Individual control, Air quality, AdaptationA Search for ExcellencePresent thermal comfort standards (CEN ISO 7730, ASHRAE 55) acknowledge that there are considerable individual differences between people’s thermal sensation and their discomfort caused by local effects, i.e. by air movement. In a collective indoor climate, the standards prescribe a compromise that allows for a significant number of people feeling too warm or too cool. They also allow for air velocities that will be felt as a draught by a substantial percentage of the occupants.In the future this will in many cases be considered as insufficient. There will be a demand for systems that allow all persons in a space to feel comfortable. The obvious wayto achieve this is to move from the collective climate to the individually controlled local climate. In offices, individual thermal control of each workplace will be common. The system should allow for individual control of the general thermal sensation without causing any draught or other local discomfort. We know the range of operative temperatures required in a workplace to satisfy nearly everybody (Wyon 1996; Fanger 1970) and we know the sensitivity to draught from a wide range of studies. A search for excellence involves providing all persons in a space with the means to feel thermally comfortable without compromise.Thermal Comfort and IAQPresent standards treat thermal comfort and indoor air quality separately, indicating that they are independent of each other. Recent research documents that this is not true (Fang et al. 1999; Toftum et al. 1998). The air temperature and humidity combined in the enthalpy have a strong impact on perceived air quality, and perceived air quality determines the required ventilation in ventilation standards. Research has shown that dry and cool air is perceived as being fresh and pleasant while the same composition of air at an elevated temperature and humidity is perceived as stale and stuffy. During inhalation it is the convective and evaporative cooling of the mucous membrane in the nose that is essential for the fresh and pleasant sensation. Warm and humid air is perceived as being stale and stuffy due to the lack of nasal cooling. This may be interpreted as a local warm discomfort in the nasal cavity. The PMV model is the basis for existing thermal comfort standards. It is quite flexible and allows for the determination of a wide range of air temperatures and humidities that result in thermal neutrality for the body as a whole. But the inhaled air would be perceived as being very different within this wide range of air temperatures and humidities. An example: light clothing and an elevated air velocity or cooled ceiling, an air temperature of 28ºC and a relative humidity of 60% may givePMV=0, but the air quality would be perceived as stale and stuffy. A simultaneous request for high perceived air quality would require an air temperature of 20-22oC and a modest air humidity. Moderate air temperature and humidity decrease also SBS symptoms (Krogstad et al. 1991, Andersson et al. 1975) and the ventilation requirement, thus saving energy during the heating season. And even with air-conditioning it may be beneficial and save energy during the cooling season.PMV model and the adaptive modelThe PMV model is based on extensive American and European experiments involving over a thousand subjects exposed to well-controlled environments (Fanger 1970). The studies showed that the thermal sensation is closely related to the thermal load on the effector mechanisms of the human thermoregulatory system. The PMV model predicts the thermal sensation as a function of activity, clothing and the four classical thermal environmental parameters. The advantage of this is that it is a flexible tool that includes all the major variables influencing thermal sensation. It quantifies the absolute and relative impact of these six factors and can therefore be used in indoor environments with widely differing HVAC systems as well as for different activities and different clothing habits. The PMV model has been validated in climate chamber studies in Asia (de Dear et al. 1991; Tanabe et al. 1987) as well as in the field, most recently in ASHRAE’s worldwide research in buildings with HVAC systems that were situated in cold, temperate and warm climates and were studied during both summer and winter (Cena et al. 1998; Donini et al. 1996; de Dear et al. 1993a; Schiller et al. 1988). The PMV is developed for steady-state conditions but it has been shown to apply with good approximation at the relatively slow fluctuations of the environmental parameters typically occurring indoors. Immediately after an upward step-wise change of temperature, the PMV model predicts well the thermal sensation, while it takes around 20 min at temperature down-steps (de Dear et al. 1993b).Field studies in warm climates in buildings without air-conditioning have shown, however, that the PMV model predicts a warmer thermal sensation than the occupants actually feel (Brager and de Dear 1998). For such non-air-conditioned buildings an adaptive model has been proposed (de Dear and Brager 1998). This model is a regression equation that relates the neutral temperature indoors to the monthly average temperature outdoors. The only variable is thus the average outdoor temperature, which at its highest may have an indirect impact on the human heat balance. An obvious weakness of the adaptive model is that it does not include human clothing or activity or the four classical thermal parameters that have a well-known impact on the human heat balance and therefore on the thermal sensation. Although the adaptive model predicts the thermal sensation quite well for non-air-conditioned buildings of the 1900’s located in warm parts of the world, the question remains as to how well it would suit buildings of new types in the future where the occupants have a different clothing behaviour and a different activity pattern.Why then does the PMV model seem to overestimate the sensation of warmth in nonair-conditioned buildings in warm climates? There is general agreement thatphysiological acclimatization does not play a role. One suggested explanation is that openable windows in naturally ventilated buildings should provide a higher level of personal control than in air-conditioned buildings. We do not believe that this is true in warm climates. Although an openable window sometimes may provide some control of air temperature and air movement, this applies only to the persons who work close to a window. What happens to persons in the office who work far away from the window? And in warm climates, the normal strategy in naturally ventilated buildings is to cool the building during the night and then close the windows some time during the morning when the outdoor temperature exceeds the indoor temperature. Another obstacle is of course traffic noise, which makes open windows in many areas impossible. We believe that in warm climates air-conditioning with proper thermostatic control in each space provides a better perceived control than openable windows.Another factor suggested as an explanation to the difference is the expectations of the occupants. We think this is the right factor to explain why the PMV overestimates the thermal sensation of occupants in non-air-conditioned buildings in warm climates. These occupants are typically people who have been living in warm environments indoors and outdoors, maybe even through generations. They may believe that it is their “destiny” to live in environments where they feel warmer than neutral. If given a chance they may not on average prefer an environment that is different from that chosen by people who are used to air-conditioned buildings. But it is likely that they would judge a given warm environment as less severe and less unacceptable than would people who are used toair-conditioning. This may be expressed by an expectancy factor, e, to be multiplied with PMV to reach the mean thermal sensation vote of the occupants of the actualnon-air-conditioned building in a warm climate. The factor e may vary between 1 and 0.5. It is 1 for air-conditioned buildings. For non-air-conditioned buildings, the expectancy factor is assumed to depend on the duration of the warm weather over the year and whether such buildings can be compared with many others in the region that are air-conditioned. If the weather is warm all year or most of the year and there are no or few otherair-conditioned buildings, e may be 0.5, while it may be 0.7 if there are many other buildings with air-conditioning. For non-air-conditioned buildings in regions where the weather is warm only during the summer and no or few buildings have air-conditioning, the expectancy factor may be 0.7 to 0.8, while it may be 0.8 to 0.9 where there are many air-conditioned buildings. In regions with only brief periods of warm weather during the summer, the expectancy factor may be 0.9 to 1. Table 1 proposes a first rough estimationof ranges for the expectancy factor corresponding to high, moderate and low degrees of expectation.A second factor that contributes erroneously to the difference between the PMV and actual thermal sensation votes in non-air-conditioned buildings is the estimated activity. In many field studies in offices, the metabolic rate is estimated on the basis of a questionnaire identifying the percentage of time the person was sedentary, standing, or walking. This mechanistic approach does not acknowledge the fact that people, when feeling warm, unconsciously tend to slow down their activity. They adapt to the warm environment by decreasing their metabolic rate. The lower pace in warm environments should be acknowledged by inserting a reduced metabolic rate when calculating the PMV.To examine these hypotheses further, data were downloaded from the database of thermal comfort field experiments (de Dear 1998). Only quality class II data obtained in non-air-conditioned buildings during the summer period in warm climates were used in the analysis. Data from four cities (Bangkok, Brisbane, Athens, and Singapore) were included, representing a total of more than 3200 sets of observations (Busch 1992, de Dear 1985, Baker 1995, de Dear et al. 1991). The data from these four cities with warm climates were also used for the development of the adaptive model (de Dear and Brager 1998).For each set of observations, recorded metabolic rates were reduced by 6.7% for every scale unit of PMV above neutral, i.e. a PMV of 1.5 corresponded to a reduction in the metabolic rate of 10%. Next, the PMV was recalculated with reduced metabolic rates using ASHRAE’s thermal comfort tool (Fountain and Huizenga 1997). The resulting PMV values were then adjusted for expectation by multiplication with expectancy factors estimated to be 0.9 for Brisbane, 0.7 for Athens and Singapore and 0.6 for Bangkok. As an average for each building included in the field studies, Figure 1 and Table 2 compare the observed thermal sensation with predictions using the new extended PMV model for warm climates.Figure 1. Thermal sensation in non-air-conditioned buildings in warm climates.Comparison of observed mean thermal sensation with predictions made using the new extension of the PMV model for non-air-conditioned buildings in warm climates. The linesare based on linear regression analysis weighted according to the number of responsesTable 2. Non-air-conditioned buildings in warm climates.Comparison of observed thermal sensation votes and predictions made using the newextension of the PMV model.The new extension of the PMV model for non-air-conditioned buildings in warmclimates predicts the actual votes well. The extension combines the best of the PMV andthe adaptive model. It acknowledges the importance of expectations already accounted forby the adaptive model, while maintaining the PMV model’s classical thermal parametersthat have direct impact on the human heat balance. It should also be noted that the newPMV extension predicts a higher upper temperature limit when the expectancy factor islow. People with low expectations are ready to accept a warmer indoor environment. Thisagrees well with the observations behind the adaptive model.Further analysis would be useful to refine the extension of the PMV model, and additional studies in non-air-conditioned buildings in warm climates in different parts of the world would be useful to further clarify expectation and acceptability among occupants. It would also be useful to study the impact of warm office environments on work pace and metabolic rate.ConclusionsThe PMV model has been validated in the field in buildings with HVAC systems, situated in cold, temperate and warm climates and studied during both summer and winter. In non-air-conditioned buildings in warm climates, occupants may perceive the warmth as being less severe than the PMV predicts, due to low expectations.An extension of the PMV model that includes an expectancy factor is proposed for use in non-air-conditioned buildings in warm climates.The extended PMV model agrees well with field studies in non-air-conditioned buildings in warm climates of three continents.A future search for excellence will demand that all persons in a space be thermally comfortable. This requires individual thermal control.Thermal comfort and air quality in a building should be considered simultaneously. A high perceived air quality requires moderate air temperature and humidity. AcknowledgementFinancial support for this study from the Danish Technical research Council is gratefully acknowledged.ReferencesAndersson, L.O., Frisk, P., Löfstedt, B., Wyon, D.P., (1975), Human responses to dry, humidified and intermittently humidified air in large office buildings. Swedish Building Research Document Series, D11/75.ASHRAE 55-1992: Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers, Inc.Baker, N. and Standeven, M. (1995), A Behavioural Approach to Thermal Comfort Assessment in Naturally Ventilated Buildings. Proceedings from CIBSE National Conference, pp 76-84.Brager G.S., de Dear R.J. (1998), Thermal adaptation in the built environment: a literature review. Energy and Buildings, 27, pp 83-96.Busch J.F. (1992), A tale of two populations: thermal comfort in air-conditioned and naturally ventilated offices in Thailand. Energy and Buildings, vol. 18, pp 235-249.CEN ISO 7730-1994: Moderate thermal environments - Determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.Cena, K.M. (1998), Field study of occupant comfort and office thermal environments in a hot-arid climate. (Eds. Cena, K. and de Dear, R.). Final report, ASHRAE 921-RP, ASHRAE Inc., Atlanta.de Dear, R., Fountain, M., Popovic, S., Watkins, S., Brager, G., Arens, E., Benton, C., (1993a), A field study of occupant comfort and office thermal environments in a hot humid climate. Final report, ASHRAE 702 RP, ASHRAE Inc., Atlanta.de Dear, R., Ring, J.W., Fanger, P.O. (1993b), Thermal sensations resulting from sudden ambient temperature changes. Indoor Air, 3, pp 181-192.de Dear, R. J., Leow, K. G. and Foo, S.C. (1991), Thermal comfort in the humid tropics: Field experiments in air-conditioned and naturally ventilated buildings in Singapore. International Journal of Biometeorology, vol. 34, pp 259-265.de Dear, R.J. (1998), A global database of thermal comfort field experiments. ASHRAE Transactions, 104(1b), pp 1141-1152.de Dear, R.J. and Auliciems, A. (1985), Validation of the Predicted Mean Vote model of thermal comfort in six Australian field studies. ASHRAE Transactions, 91(2), pp 452- 468. de Dear, R.J., Brager G.S. (1998), Developing an adaptive model of thermal comfort and preference. ASHRAE Transactions, 104(1a), pp 145-167.de Dear, R.J., Leow, K.G., and Ameen, A. (1991), Thermal comfort in the humid tropics - Part I: Climate chamber experiments on temperature preferences in Singapore. ASHRAE Transactions 97(1), pp 874-879.Donini, G., Molina, J., Martello, C., Ho Ching Lai, D., Ho Lai, K., Yu Chang, C., La Flamme, M., Nguyen, V.H., Haghihat, F. (1996), Field study of occupant comfort and office thermal environments in a cold climate. Final report, ASHRAE 821 RP, ASHRAE Inc., Atlanta.Fang, L., Clausen, G., Fanger, P.O. (1999), Impact of temperature and humidity on chemical and sensory emissions from building materials. Indoor Air, 9, pp 193-201. Fanger, P.O. (1970), Thermal comfort. Danish Technical Press, Copenhagen, Denmark. Fouintain, M.E. and Huizenga, C. (1997), A thermal sensation prediction tool for use by the profession. ASHRAE Transactions, 103(2), pp 130-136.Humphreys, M.A. (1978), Outdoor temperatures and comfort indoors. Building Research and Practice, 6(2), pp 92-105.Krogstad, A.L., Swanbeck, G., Barregård, L., et al. (1991), Besvär vid kontorsarbete med olika temperaturer i arbetslokalen - en prospektiv undersökning (A prospective study of indoor climate problems at different temperatures in offices), Volvo Truck Corp., Göteborg, Sweden.Schiller, G.E., Arens, E., Bauman, F., Benton, C., Fountain, M., Doherty, T. (1988) A field study of thermal environments and comfort in office buildings. Final report, ASHRAE 462 RP, ASHRAE Inc., Atlanta.Tanabe, S., Kimura, K., Hara, T. (1987), Thermal comfort requirements during the summer season in Japan. ASHRAE Transactions, 93(1), pp 564-577.Toftum, J., Jørgensen, A.S., Fanger, P.O. (1998), Upper limits for air humidity for preventing warm respiratory discomfort. Energy and Buildings, 28(3), pp 15-23.Wyon, D.P. (1996) Individual microclimate control: required range, probable benefits and current feasibility. Proceedings of Indoor Air ’96, vol. 1, pp 1067-1072未来的热舒适性——优越性和期望值P. Ole Fanger 和Jørn Toftum国际中心室内环境与能源丹麦科技大学摘要本文预期一些可在新世纪所预见的关于热舒适的室内环境的趋势。

暖通工程专专业英语词汇

暖通工程专专业英语词汇

暖通专业英语词汇暖通Heating ventilation and air conditioning空调平面图 air handling layoutMU1~3新风系统图MU1~3 make-up air system diagramAHU-1净化空调系统图Air purification & air handling system diagram, AHU-1空调通风平剖面图ventilation & air conditioning plan/section吊顶空调平剖面图air condition ceiling plan section吊顶通风和采暖，空调用水管平面图ventilation and heating piping plan above ceiling室内采暖空调平面图room heating and air condition plan吊顶一下净化空调平面图air purification & air conditioning above ceiling拉丝区＋14米送风平面图air supply plan at level of +14.00, drawing areaS-1,2 送风系统图S-1,2 air supply system diagram室内回风口平面图indoor air return grill plan洁净室回风平面图air return grill plan in clean rooms空调用冷热水管平面图A.C water piping plan空调供热流程图A.C heating supply system diagram屋顶排风平面图roof exhaust plan排风系统图roof exhaust system送风系统图air supply system diagramAHU-1 水系统图AHU-1 water piping system diagram净化空调系统控制原理图air purification & air conditioning system control priciple diagram AHU-15 变风量空调系统图AHU-15 VAV system diagram冷冻水，冷却水管道系统图CHW and CW piping system diagram热水采暖系统图hot water heating system diagram空调机房平面图air handling room plan最冷月或最热月平均温度temperature coldest month or hottest month (mean)年，月，平均温度，最高，最低temperature, yearly, monthly, mean, highest, lowest最高或最低绝对温度absolute temperature, highest or lowest湿球温度wet bulb temperature干球温度dry bulb temperature采暖区region with heating provision不采暖区region without heating provision采暖室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature for heating通风冬季室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature for ventilation winter 绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure蒸发量 volume of vaporization相对湿度 relative humidity采暖 heating热媒 heating medium供暖管道 heating system供暖总管 heating pipe集中供暖 central heating供暖总站 central heating plant单管供暖系统 one-pipe heating system单管循环系统 one-pipe circuit system单管上行下给供暖系统one-pipe drop heating system单管热水供暖系统one-pipe hot water heating system单管强制循环系统one-pipe forced system蒸汽供暖 steam heating供应方式 means of supply蒸汽压力 steam pressure蒸汽密度 vapor density蒸汽压力势vapor pressure potential供汽装置steam supply installation蒸汽系统 vapor system降压站 reduction station蒸汽容量 steam capacity蒸汽消耗量 steam consumption蒸汽盘管供暖 steam coil heated蒸汽盘管 steam coil供热盘管 heating coil散热盘管 panel coil排蒸汽管 steam discharge pipe蒸汽回管 steam discharge pipe冷凝水管 condensing pipe冷凝回水管 condensing return pipe蒸汽散热器 steam radiator隔汽具，汽层 vapor barrier蒸汽分离器 steam separator蒸汽调整阀 steam regulating蒸汽减压阀 steam reducing valve蒸汽暖风机 steam unit ventilator供暖蒸汽锅炉 steam-heating boiler电热供暖 electrical heater电热器 electrical heater管式电热器 tubular electrical heater电热辐射器 electrical radiator电热对流器 electrical convector热风供暖 warm air-heating热风器 hot air generator热风烘干 hot air drying强制对流加热器forced convection heater空气加热器 air heater热风管道 warm-air heating压力供气 forced air supply压力环流 forced circulation辐射式供热系统embedded panel system双管供热系统 double pipe heating上分式双管系统double pipe dropping system顶棚板面供暖ceiling panel heating顶棚供暖盘 ceiling coil片式供暖盘 finned type heating coil 散热器 radiator墙挂式散热器 wall radiator单柱散热器 one column radiator板式散热器 plate radiator圆翼形散热器 circular wing radiator长翼形散热器 long wing radiator蜂窝式散热器 honeycomb radiator暖气管柱 column of radiator单个散热器 unit radiator闭式散热器 closed radiator悬挂式单个散热器suspended type unit radiator管式加热器 tubular heater波纹式散热片 corrugated radiator换热器 heat exchange散热器翘板 fin of radiator散热器阻气板 radiator air baffle散热器外罩 enclosure of radiators散热器阀 radiator valve穿墙管 wall pipe穿墙套管 wall sleeve导热性 thermal conductivity导热系数thermal coefficient of conduction供热面 heating surface散热面 heat delivery surface热气消耗 heat consumption热对流 thermal convection热消耗 heat dissipation热扩散 thermal convection热膨胀 thermal diffusivity热效率 thermal efficiency热效应 heat effect热风循环 heated air circulation辐射热吸收系数coefficient of absorption of radiant heat热膨胀系数 coefficient of expansion by heat 通风 ventilation通风设施 ventilation installation自然通风natural draft ventilation人工通风 artificial ventilation抽气通风 ventilation by extraction压力通风 forced ventilation通风系统 ventilation system鼓风系统 blower system通风管 vent pipe圆形通风管 circular vent pipe矩形通风管 rectangular vent pipe通风干管 main vent通风横管 vent heater通风立管 vent stack通风道 air duct通风井 vent shaft扁长通风孔 ventilation slot通风窗 ventilation window通风格子窗 ventilation grill通风百叶 ventilation louver气窗 ventilation casement屋顶通风 roof ventilation屋顶风机 roof fan顶棚风扇 ceiling fan换气风扇 scavenger fan通风压差 ventilation column通风冒 ventilation cowl通风扇 ventilation fan通风器 ventilator卫生间通风器 toilet ventilator通风机 blower轴流式通风机 axial flow fan玻璃钢屋顶离心通风机reinforced fiberglass centrifugal roof fan 空气缓冲器 air buffer鼓风机 air blower鼓风喷射 air blasting排气通风机 air exhaust ventilator吸风机 suction ventilator排风机 exhaust fan机械排风 mechanical exhaust局部排风 local exhaust事故排风 emergency exhaust空气室 air chamber空气体积 air volume空气流量 air steam通风面积 ventilation area压力气流 forced draft换气次数 air change外形尺寸 overall dimension风量 air volume热量 heat volume余压 surplus volume水量 water quantity水阻力 water resistance风压 air pressure压力露点 pressure dew point状态点 state point工况条件 operation condition制冷剂 refrigerant制冷量 refrigerating capacity制热量 heating capacity加湿量 humidifying capacity上送风 top supply下送风 bottom supply正压渗风量 exfiltration进水温度 inlet temperature出水温度 outlet temperature流量 flow污垢系数 filthy factor水阻系数 water pressure factor传热系数 transmission factor空气调节 air-conditioningair handling单体式空调器 unit air conditioner分体式空调器 separate air conditioner窗式空调器window type air conditioner卧式空调器 horizontal air conditioner立式空调器 floor air conditioner组装式空调器 packaged air conditioner风冷分体式空调器air-cooled split type air conditioner变风量空气处理机组VAV air handling units风机盘管空调器fan coil type air conditioner墙挂式空调器wall-mounted air conditioner立式明装 floor exposed立式暗装 floor concealed卧式明装 horizontal exposed吊顶暗装 floor concealed矮形明装 lowboy exposed矮形暗装 lowboy concealed天花嵌入式 cassette type设有空气调节的房屋air-conditioned building空气冷却 air cooling蒸发空气冷却air cooling by evaporation离心式制冷机组centrifugal refrigerating units]冷风机 air cooler空气冷凝器 air condenser蒸发式冷凝器 evaporating condenser水冷冷凝器water cooling condenser空气冷却冷凝器air cooled condenser冷凝水盘condense water drip plate冷凝水孔 condensed water hole冷凝水排出口 condensed water drain压缩制冷在这块也可以休息得不冷温度又高了点compression refrigerating旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor送风量 supply capacity管子冷却器 pipe cooler管子冷却面 pipe cooling surface冷却水量 cooling capacity空气加湿器 air humidifier电极加湿器 electrode humidifier干蒸汽加湿器 dry steam humidifier离心加湿器 centrifugal humidifier去湿 dehumidificating水冷系统 water cooling system喷雾嘴 air cup喷雾 water sprinkling冷媒 cooling medium水帘 water sheet水幕 water curtain水幕喷嘴 water spray nozzle空气洗涤 air washing空气粗滤器 air strainer空气洗涤器 air washer空调机组 air handling unit空气站 air bottle气阀 air cock气闸 air brake风机盘管 fan coil热泵 heat pump柔性通风管道flexible ventilation pipe面板 surface plate泄水口 drain hole出风口 air outlet进风口 air inlet气管 gas line混合段 mixing风机段 fan预加热段 preheat加热段 heating表冷器 surface cooling表冷器挡水段surface cooling water stop中间段 middle section蒸汽加热段 steam heating电加热段 electric heating加湿段 humidifying水淋段 sprinkling送风机段 air supply中效袋式过虑段medium bag filter消声段 sound absorption二次回风 secondary return检修段 maintenance挡水板 water buffer plate防尘构造 dust-tight construction。

暖通空调专业英语

暖通空调专业英语

暖通空调专业英语暖通空调术语abatement 减除[少]；降低，消除abatement of smoke 消减烟雾，除烟abatjour 斜片百叶窗，天窗，亮窗；遮阳abat--vent 固定百叶窗；通风帽abbertite 沥青abbreviation 缩写，略语，省略aberration 象[偏，误]差；变形ability 能力，性能ablation 烧蚀；消融；剥落ablaze 着火ablution 吹[清]除，清洗，洗净abnormal 不正常的，不规则的，变态的abrade 磨损[光]，清除abrasion 磨损abrasion--resistant 耐磨的abrasive 磨料；磨损的，研磨的abrasiveness 磨损性，磨耗abrupt 急剧的，突变的abrupt change of cross--section 截面突变abrupt contraction 突然缩小abrupt expansion 突然扩大[膨胀] abruption 断裂abscess （金属中的）砂眼，气孔，夹渣内孔abscissa 横坐标absolute 绝对的absolute altitude 标高，绝对高度，海拔absolute atmosphere 绝对大气压absolute black body 绝对黑体absolute filter 高效过滤器，绝对过滤器[具有99.9%以上效率并能过滤直径达0.01（微米）的颗粒尘埃的空气过滤器]absolute heating effect 绝对热效应；绝对供暖效果absolute humidity 绝对湿度[在水蒸气和干燥空气的混合物中，单位容积内所含水汽的质量] absolute pressure 绝对压力absolute temperature 绝对温度absolute vacuum 绝对真空absolute velocity 绝对速度absolute viscosity 绝对粘度absolute zero 绝对零度[理论上，分子热运动完全停止时的温度] absorb 吸收absorbability 吸收性absorbable 可吸收性absorbate 吸收物[被吸收剂吸收的物质]absorbent 吸收剂；有吸收能力的absorbent carbon 活性炭absorbent charcoal 活性炭，吸收性炭absorbent concentration 吸收浓度absorbent equipment 吸收装置absorbent filter 吸收性过滤器absorbent pressure 吸收压力absorbent process 吸收过程absorbent temperature 吸收温度absorber 吸收器[吸收式制冷机中的一部分，制冷剂蒸气在其中被吸收]；减振器，阻尼器absorbility 吸收能力absorbing tower 吸收塔absorbing--type gas air filter 吸附式除气用空气过滤器absorptance 吸收系数[一个表面所吸收的辐射能流速率与该表面所接受的能流速率之比] absorption 吸收；吸收作用absorption brine chilling unit 吸收式盐水冷却设备absorption capacity 吸收容量absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption cooling 吸收式供冷absorption efficiency 吸收效率absorption factor 吸收系数[见absorptance]absorption heat 吸收热absorption hygrometer 吸收湿度计[根据吸湿材料所吸收的水蒸气量来测定大气湿度的仪器] absorption machine 吸收式机absorption of heat 吸热absorption of shock 缓冲，减absorption refrigerating machine 吸收式制冷机absorption refrigerating plant 吸收式制冷装置absorption refrigeration 吸收式制冷absorption refrigeration system 吸收式制冷系统absorption refrigerator 吸收式冰箱absorption silencer 吸收式消音器absorption system 吸收式系统[制冷剂的蒸汽为液体或固体所吸收，然后加热析出的制冷系统] absorption--type refrigerating unit 吸收式制冷机组absorptive 吸收性的absorptive drying 吸收式干燥法absorptivity 吸收率，吸收能力，吸收系数abstract 摘要，小计；萃取[提出]物；提出，抽出，除去；概括abstract heat 散热abstraction 抽出，提取abutment 支座，支点；接合点academy 学院，研究院，学会，协会accelerate 加速，促进accelerant 加速剂，促进剂accelerated circulation 加速循环acceleration 加速度，加速作用acceleration due to gravity 重力加速度acceleration of falling body 落体加速度accelerator 加速器accelerometer 加速计acceptable 合格，容许的，验收的acceptable standard 通用标准acceptable test 验收试验acceptance 验收，认可acceptance check 验收检查acceptance of materials 材料验收acceptance of work 工程验收access 通道；[出]入口，进入；接近access cover 检修盖access door 检查门，人孔access eye 检查孔hatch 检查门，人孔accessible 能进入的accessible canal 可通行通道accessible compressor 易卸压缩机，现场用压缩机accessible hermetic compressor unit 半封闭式压缩机组accessible trench 可通行地沟access of air 空气通路；空气流入accessories 附属设备accessory 附[备]件；附属的，附加的accident （偶然）事故，意外；破坏accidental 偶然的，意外的；附带的，随机的accidental admission of vapour 蒸汽漏入accidental maintenance 事故维修accidental prevention 安全措施acclimatization 气候适应，驯化作用[使动物或植物适应新的气候] accommodate 适应；容纳；调节；供应accommodation coefficient 适应系数accordion door 折门，折叠门account 计算书；说明；核算accountability 可计量性accumulate 积聚，堆积accumulate timber 层压材料，胶合板[2~10mm 厚的几张材料用高频加热器粘合起来的一种板材]accumulation 积聚，累[积]加；存储accumulation of cold 蓄冷accumulation of heat 蓄热accumulator 蓄热[能]器；蓄电池；贮液器，低压平衡筒[装在制冷装置低压侧的容器，用以供给满液式系统循环用的液体，或用来减低脉动]accuracy 精[精密，精确]度，准确度；准确；准确性accuracy of adjustment 调节精度accuracy of instrument 仪表精度accuracy of manufacture 制造精度accuracy of measurement 测量精度accurate control 精确控制acetic acid 醋酸acetone 丙酮acetylene 乙炔acetylene apparatus 乙炔气焊设备acetylene burner 乙炔燃烧器acetylene gas 乙炔气acetylene gas generator 乙炔发生器acetylene pipe 乙炔管acetylene station 乙炔站acetylene welding 乙炔焊，气焊acid 酸acid cleaning 酸洗acid degree 酸度acidification 酸化，氧化acidimeter 酸液比重计，酸度计acidity 酸性acidless 无酸的acidproof 防酸；耐[防]酸的acidproof material 耐酸材料acidresistant 耐酸的，抗酸的acidresisting 耐酸的acidresisting concrete 耐酸混凝土acid smuts 酸性烟尘acid test 酸性试验acme 峰，极点，最高点acoumeter = acousimeter 测听计acoustic(al) 声学的，听觉的acoustic absorptivity 吸声能力，吸声率[系数]acoustical absorbent 吸声材料acoustical attenuation 声衰减acoustical baffle 声障板acoustical behavior 声学性能acoustical conductivity 传声性，声导率acoustical damper 消声器acoustical material 传声[声学]材料acoustical thermometer 声学温度计[一种通过测量在某种气体中的声速来计温的温度计，用于测深低温]acoustical treatment 音响处理，防声措施acoustic board 隔音板，吸声板acoustic celotex board 隔音[甘蔗]板，隔音纤维板acoustic -- celotextile 甘蔗纤维吸声板acoustic filter 消声器，滤声器acoustic frequency 声频[30Hz（赫）--20Hz(千赫)] acoustic hangovers 声迟滞acoustic impedance 声阻抗acoustic insulation 隔声acoustic isolation 隔声acoustic lining 隔音衬板acoustic meter 比声计acoustic noise 噪声acoustic paint 吸声油漆，吸声涂料acoustic pick--up 拾声器，唱头acoustic plaster 吸声灰浆acoustic pressure level 声压级acoustic radiation pressure 声压，声辐射压acoustic reflectivity 声反射性；声反射比[系数] acoustic resistance 声阻力acoustic resonance 声共鸣acoustics(复) 声学，音响效果acoustic transmissivity 声透射性，声透射比[系数] acoustic velocity 声速acrylate resin enamel paint 丙烯酸合成树脂漆acrylic plastics(复) 丙烯酸塑料act 条例，法令，决议acting head 作用压头，有效水头actinic glass 光化玻璃actinograph 辐射仪actinometer 曝光计action 作用，影响，效应；作用力；操作action of blast 鼓风效应activated 活性的activated alumina 活性矾土，活性铝土，活性氧化铝[一种容易吸附水分的氧化铝] activated bauxite 活性矾土activated carbon 活性炭[能吸附挥发物的多孔性炭]activated charcoal 活性炭activation 活化，激活activator 活化剂，提高灵敏度装置active 活性的，主动的，灵敏的；放射性的active fuel bed 燃料燃烧层active furnace area 炉底有效面积active grate area 炉排有效面积active solar heating 主动式太阳能供暖activity 活性的；放射性；功率actual 真实的，有效的，现行的actual budget 决算actual cycle 实际循环actual displacement 实际排量[压缩机在单位时间内，按进气条件所排出气体的实际体积] actual gas 实际气体actual internal area 流通截面actuate 起动actuating 操纵的actuating cam 推动凸轮actuating device 调节[传动]装置actuating mechanism 执行机构actuating medium 工质actuating motor 起动[伺服]电动机actuating pressure 工作压力actuating signal 动作信号actuating system 传动系统actuating unit 驱动机组，动力机构，动力传动装置actuation 开[启、传]动actuation time （继电器）动作时间actuator 调节器，传动装置，（调节器的）执行机构，启动器actuator governor 调速控制器acyclic 非周期性的；单级的adapt 使适应，修改adaptability 适应性，灵活性，适应能力adaptation 适应；配合；修改adapter 附件；接合器，转接器adapter connector 接头，接头adapter glass 玻璃接头分线盒adapter junction box 分线盒adapter kit 成套附件adapter sleeve 紧固套，连接套管adaptive 适合的，适用的adaptive control system 自适应控制系统adaptor = adapter 附件;接合器,接头addendum 附录adder 加法器addition 增加,附加;加入;加法;扩建部分additional 附加的additional equipment 辅助设备,附加设备additive 添加剂;添加的,附加的adequate 适当的,充分的adhere 粘着,附着,连接adherence 粘着,附着adherent 粘附的,附着的adhesion 粘附力,粘着力,附着力,附着作用adhesive 胶粘剂,胶粘的adhesive bitumen primer 冷底子油adhesive force 粘附力adhesive strength 胶粘强度adiabat 绝热线, 等焓线adiabatic 绝热的,等焓的adiabatic calorimeter 绝热热量计adiabatic change 绝热变化adiabatic combustion 绝热燃烧adiabatic compression 绝热压缩adiabatic condensation 绝热冷凝adiabatic condition 绝热状态adiabatic constant 绝热常数adiabatic cooling line 绝热冷却曲线adiabatic curve 绝热曲线adiabatic demagnetization 绝热去磁adiabatic efficiency 指示[绝热]效率[压缩机压缩单位质量制冷剂所消耗的功与一理想压缩机压缩同一质量的制冷剂的功之比] adiabatic exchanger 绝热交换器adiabatic expansion 绝热膨胀adiabatic exponent 绝热指数adiabatic humidifying 绝热加湿adiabatic indicated efficiency 绝热指示效率adiabatic mixing 绝热混合adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic saturation 绝热饱和adiabatic stabilization 绝热稳定adiabatic system 绝热系统adiabatic temperature 绝热温度adjacent 邻接的,交界的adjust 调节,校[调,修]正adjust a bearing 调整轴承adjustability 可调性adjustable 可调节的adjustable blade 可调叶片adjustable bracket 可调[活动]托架adjustable capillary valve 可调毛细管阀adjustable contact 可调触点adjustable damper 可调风门adjustable guide vane 可调导叶adjustable head t-square 活头丁字尺adjustable instrument mounting 仪表的可调节支架,仪表调节装置adjustable louvers 活动百页窗adjustable pipe tongs 活动管钳adjustable spanner 活动扳手adjustable wrench 活动扳手adjuster 调整器,调节装置,调整工,装配工adjusting 调节的,校正的adjusting bolt 调整螺栓adjusting damper 调节风门adjusting device 调整装置adjusting instrument 调节器adjusting key 调整键adjusting nut 调整螺母adjusting screw 调整螺钉,调整[校正]螺丝adjusting spring 调整弹簧adjustment 调整,校正adjustment curve 校正曲线adjustment factor 修正系数adjust to zero 调整到零位adjutage 喷射管,放水管admeasurement 测量,度量,尺寸administrate=administer 管理,操作,执行administration 管理,控制,执行administration building 行政办公楼admissibility 可允许度admission 允许进入,通入；汽缸(被工作气体)充满程度；进汽度admission intake 进气admission port 进气口admission valve 进气阀admission velocity 进[吸]入速度admit 进气；注入,放进；容纳,承认,容许admittance 进入,通道,公差admitting pipe 进入管,进气管,进水管admix 混[掺]合admixture 掺合物;掺合adopt 采用,接受adsorb 吸附adsorbent 吸附剂,吸附物质,吸附的adsorbent concentration 吸附浓度adsorbent equipment 吸附设备adsorbent pressure 吸附压力adsorbent process 吸附过程adsorbent temperature 吸附温度adsorber 吸附器adsorption 吸附作用adsorption capacity 吸附容量adsorption coefficient 吸附系数adsorption isotherms 吸附等温线adsorption refrigeration 吸附制冷adsorption system 吸附系统advance 推进,提前,改进advance copy (新书)样本,试行本advance of admission 提前进气advance of release 提前排气advancing side of belt 皮带拉紧边(受拉部分)advantage 优点,利益,好处,便利advantageous 有利的advection 水平气流,对流advise 劝告,通告,建议advisory engineer 顾问工程师aedian fan 风动风机aerate 充(曝)气aerated 通风的；同空气混合的aerated concrete 加气混凝土aeration 充气的,通风的,透气,曝气,气浴[使物质或某空间处于新鲜空气循环中] aeration-cooling 通风降温aeration-drying 通风干燥aeration tank 曝气池aeration test 充气试验aerator 充气器,曝气设备,通气器aerial pollution 空气污染aerify 充气;使气化aerocrete aeroconcrete 加气混凝土aerodromometer 风速表[计]aerodynamic 空气动力学aerodynamic action 气动力作用aerodynamical analysis 空气动力学分析aerodynamic characteristic curve 空气动力特性曲线aerodynamic coefficient 空气动力系数aerodynamic controls 气动控制aerodynamic form 流线形,气流形aerodynamics 空气动力学aerodynamics of heat system 热系统空气动力学aerofilter 空气过滤器aerofoil 翼型aerofoil blade fan 机翼型叶片风机[具有流线形叶片的轴流风机] aerofoil fan 轴流通风机aerograph 气象记录仪aerography 气象图表,气象学aerojet 空气射流aerology 气象学aerometer 气体比重计,气量计aerophore 防毒面具,通风面具[矿工用压缩空气面具]aerosol 烟雾,尘;气溶胶;空悬液滴[悬浮在空气中的非常小的液体颗粒] aerosolize 使成烟的雾状散开aerosphere 大气,大气层aerostatic(al) 空气静力学的aerostatics 空气静力学aerothermopressor 气动热力增压器affect 影响;损伤;起作用affinity 亲合性,亲合力,相似affix 附件[录],添加剂afflux 流入;汇[集]流,聚集afire 着火的aflame 燃烧的,冒烟的afterbody 尾部afterburner 补燃器,复燃室afterburning 补燃,燃尽,烧完aftercombustion 燃[烧]完,补充[再次]燃烧aftercondenser 后冷凝器aftercooler 后冷却器,二次冷却器,(压缩机后的)空气冷却器aftercooling 再冷却[指温度调整后再冷却] afterdrying 再次干燥after end 后端afterfilter 后过滤器afterflaming 补充燃烧after flow 塑性变形,残余塑性流动afterheat 余热,后加热afterheat cooling 二次冷却,后冷却ertreatment 再处理age 使用年限,时期;老化,时效age hardening 时效硬化,老化ageing 时效,陈[老]化agency 动作,作用,介质,工具,代办,机构agent 剂,试剂,介质,因素agent of fusion 熔剂,焊剂[药]aggregate 机组,集合[综合]体;总计,骨料,填充料aggregate capacity 总功率;总容量;机组功率aggregation 聚集体aggressive agent 侵蚀剂aging=ageing 老[陈]化agitate 搅动，拨火agitation 搅拌[动]；拨火；激励agitator 搅拌器agreement 契约，合同，协议，一致；符合aid 工具，设备，辅助设备；辅助air 空气，通风，通气；风动的，气动的air accumulation 集气air admitting surface 进风口面积air agitation 空气搅动air analysis 空气分析air-and-water system 气--水系统air anion-generator 负离子发生器air atomizer 空气雾化器air atomizing 空气雾化air atomizing burner 空气雾化喷油嘴air balance 空气平衡air-bath 空气浴air-bed 气垫air-blanketing 空气夹层（覆盖）air change method 换气法air change rate 换气次数，通风换气次数[单位时间（通常以每小时计）的全面换气次数air changes per hour 每小时换气次数air channel 风道air chimney 竖通风道，通风井air chute 风道air circuit 空气管道系统air circulation 空气循环[在一个封闭的空间内，空气的自然或强制运动]air circulation ratio 换气次数air classifier 气体分离器air cleaner 空气净化装置，空气似鱗除掉空气中含有的固体或液体颗粒的设备]air cleaning 空气净化[洁净]air cleaning devices 空气清洁装置air cock 气阀，放气旋塞air cock on the radiator 散热器放气阀air collector 集气罐air-compressor 空气压缩机air condenser 风冷冷凝器air-condition 空气调节air-conditioned room 空气调节房间air-conditioned space 空调空间air conditioner 空气调节器[可同时控制温度、湿度、纯净度等几种空气参数的组装设备]air-conditioning 空气调节[同时控制温度，湿度，纯净度和分配的空气处理法，用以适应空调场所的需要。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

Refrigeration System Performance using Liquid-Suction Heat ExchangersS. A. Klein, D. T. Reindl, and K. BroWnellCollege of EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin - MadisonAbstractHeat transfer devices are provided in many refrigeration systems to exchange energy betWeen the cool gaseous refrigerant leaving the evaporator and Warm liquid refrigerant exiting the condenser. These liquid-suction or suction-line heat exchangers can, in some cases, yield improved system performance While in other cases they degrade system performance. Although previous researchers have investigated performance of liquid-suction heat exchangers, this study can be distinguished from the previous studies in three Ways. First, this paper identifies a neW dimensionless group to correlate performance impacts attributable to liquid-suction heat exchangers. Second, the paper extends previous analyses to include neW refrigerants. Third, the analysis includes the impact of pressure drops through the liquid-suction heat exchanger on system performance. It is shoWn that reliance on simplified analysis techniques can lead to inaccurate conclusions regarding the impact of liquid-suction heat exchangers on refrigeration system performance. From detailed analyses, it can be concluded that liquid-suction heat exchangers that have a minimal pressure loss on the loW pressure side are useful for systems using R507A, R134a, R12, R404A, R290, R407C, R600, and R410A. The liquid-suction heat exchanger is detrimental to system performance in systems using R22, R32, and R717.IntroductionLiquid-suction heat exchangers are commonly installed in refrigeration systems With the intent of ensuring proper system operation and increasing system performance.Specifically, ASHRAE(1998) states that liquid-suction heat exchangers are effective in:1) increasing the system performance2) subcooling liquid refrigerant to prevent flash gas formation at inlets to expansion devices3) fully evaporating any residual liquid that may remain in the liquid-suction prior to reaching the compressor(s)Figure 1 illustrates a simple direct-expansion vapor compression refrigeration system utilizing a liquid-suction heat exchanger. In this configuration, high temperature liquid leaving the heat rejection device (an evaporative condenser in this case) is subcooled prior to being throttled to the evaporator pressure by an expansion device such as a thermostatic expansion valve. The sink for subcoolingthe liquid is loW temperature refrigerant vapor leaving the evaporator. Thus, the liquid-suction heat exchanger is an indirect liquid-to-vapor heat transfer device. The vapor-side of the heat exchanger (betWeen the evaporator outlet and the compressor suction) is often configured to serve as an accumulator thereby further minimizing the risk of liquid refrigerant carrying-over to the compressor suction. In cases Where the evaporator alloWs liquid carry-over, the accumulator portion of the heat exchanger Will trap and, over time, vaporize the liquid carryover by absorbing heat during the process of subcooling high-side liquid.BackgroundStoecker and Walukas (1981) focused on the influence of liquid-suction heat exchangers in both single temperature evaporator and dual temperature evaporator systems utilizing refrigerant mixtures. Their analysis indicated that liquid-suction heat exchangers yielded greater performance improvements When nonazeotropic mixtures Were used compared With systems utilizing single component refrigerants or azeoptropic mixtures. McLinden (1990) used the principle of corresponding states to evaluate the anticipated effects of neW refrigerants. He shoWed that the performance of a system using a liquid-suction heat exchanger increases as the ideal gas specific heat (related to the molecular complexity of the refrigerant) increases. Domanski and Didion (1993) evaluated the performance of nine alternatives to R22 including the impact of liquid-suction heat exchangers. Domanski et al. (1994) later extended the analysis by evaluating the influence of liquid-suction heat exchangers installed in vapor compression refrigeration systems considering 29 different refrigerants in a theoretical analysis. Bivens et al. (1994) evaluated a proposed mixture to substitute for R22 in air conditioners and heat pumps. Their analysis indicated a 6-7% improvement for the alternative refrigerant system When system modifications included a liquid-suction heat exchanger and counterfloW system heat exchangers (evaporator and condenser). Bittle et al. (1995a) conducted an experimental evaluation of a liquid-suction heat exchanger applied in a domestic refrigerator using R152a. The authors compared the system performance With that of a traditional R12-based system. Bittle et al. (1995b) also compared the ASHRAE method for predicting capillary tube performance (including the effects of liquid-suction heat exchangers) With experimental data. Predicted capillary tube mass floW rates Were Within 10% of predicted values and subcooling levels Were Within 1.7 C (3F) of actual measurements.This paper analyzes the liquid-suction heat exchanger to quantify its impact on system capacity and performance (expressed in terms of a system coefficient of performance, COP). The influence of liquid-suction heat exchanger size over a range of operating conditions (evaporating and condensing) is illustrated and quantified using a number of alternative refrigerants. Refrigerants included in the present analysis are R507A, R404A, R600, R290,R134a, R407C, R410A, R12, R22, R32, and R717. This paper extends the results presented in previous studies in that it considers neW refrigerants, it specifically considers the effects of the pressure drops,and it presents general relations for estimating the effect of liquid-suction heat exchangers for any refrigerant.Heat Exchanger EffectivenessThe ability of a liquid-suction heat exchanger to transfer energy from the Warm liquid to the cool vapor at steady-state conditions is dependent on the size and configuration of the heat transfer device. The liquid-suction heat exchanger performance, expressed in terms of an effectiveness, is a parameter in the analysis. The effectiveness of the liquid-suction heat exchanger is defined in equation (1):Where the numeric subscripted temperature (T) values correspond to locations depicted in Figure 1. The effectiveness is the ratio of the actual to maximum possible heat transfer rates. It is related to the surface area of the heat exchanger. A zero surface area represents a system Without a liquid-suction heat exchanger Whereas a system having an infinite heat exchanger area corresponds to an effectiveness of unity.The liquid-suction heat exchanger effects the performance of a refrigeration system by in fluencing both the high and loW pressure sides of a system. Figure 2 shoWs the key state points for a vapor compression cycle utilizing an idealized liquid-suction heat exchanger on a pressure-enthalpy diagram. The enthalpy of the refrigerant leaving the condenser (state 3) is decreased prior to entering the expansion device (state 4) by rejecting energy to the vapor refrigerant leaving the evaporator (state 1) prior to entering the compressor (state 2). Pressure losses are not shoWn. The cooling of the condensate that occurs on the high pressure side serves to increase the refrigeration capacity and reduce the likelihood of liquid refrigerant flashing prior to reaching the expansion device. On the loW pressure side, the liquid-suction heat exchanger increases the temperature of the vapor entering the compressor and reduces the refrigerant pressure, both of Which increase the specific volume of the refr igerant and thereby decrease the mass floW rate and capacity. A major benefit of the liquid-suction heat exchanger is that it reduces the possibility of liquid carry-over from the evaporator Which could harm the compressor. Liquid carryover can be readily caused by a number of factors that may include Wide fluctuations in evaporator load and poorly maintained expansiondevices (especially problematic for thermostatic expansion valves used in ammonia service).（翻译）冷却系统利用流体吸热交换器克来因教授,布兰顿教授, , 布朗教授威斯康辛州的大学–麦迪逊摘录加热装置在许多冷却系统中被用到，用以制冷时遗留在蒸发器中的冷却气体和离开冷凝器发热流体之间的能量的热交换.这些流体吸收或吸收热交换器,在一些情形中，他们降低了系统性能, 然而系统的某些地方却得到了改善. 虽然以前研究员已经调查了流体吸热交换器的性能, 但是这项研究可能从早先研究的三种方式被加以区别. 首先，这份研究开辟了一个无限的崭新的与流体吸热交换器有关联的群体.其次，这份研究拓宽了早先的分析包括新型制冷剂。

相关文档
最新文档