2020年英语六级长篇阅读冲刺练习题及解析(3)

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2020年6月大学英语六级长篇阅读练习题（三篇）

【导语】锲⽽舍之，朽⽊不折；锲⽽不舍，⾦⽯可镂。

备考需要这样持之以恒的精神。

⽆忧考为您提供了“2020年6⽉⼤学英语六级长篇阅读练习题（三篇）”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注⽆忧考！2020年6⽉⼤学英语六级长篇阅读练习题篇⼀ How Ozone Pollution Works A) The weather report on the radio or TV tells you that it is going to be sunny and hot and that an orange ozone alert has been issued. What is ozone? What does an orange alert mean? Why should you be concerned about it? In this article, we will examine what ozone is, how it is produced, what health hazards it poses and what you can do to reduce ozone pollution. B) Ozone is a molecule of three oxygen atoms bound together (O3). It is unstable and highly reactive. Ozone is used as a bleach, a deodorizing agent, and a sterilization agent for air and drinking water. At low concentrations, it is toxic. Ozone is found naturally in small concentrations in the stratosphere, a layer of Earth’s upper atmosphere. In this upper atmosphere, ozone is made when ultraviolet light from the sun splits an oxygen molecule (O2), forming two single oxygen atoms. If a freed atom collides with an oxygen molecule, it becomes ozone. Stratospheric ozone has been called “good” ozone because it protects the Earth’s surface from dangerous ultraviolet light. C) Ozone can also be found in the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere. Tropospheric ozone (often termed “bad ” ozone) is man - made, a result of air pollution from internal combustion engines and power plants. Automobile exhaust and industrial emissions release a family of nitrogen oxide gases (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), by-products of burning gasoline and coal. NOx and VOC combine chemically with oxygen to form ozone during sunny, high- temperature conditions of late spring, summer and early fall. High levels of ozone are usually formed in the heat of the afternoon and early evening, dissipating during the cooler nights. D) Although ozone pollution is formed mainly in urban and suburban areas, it ends up in rural areas as well, carried by prevailing winds or resulting from cars and trucks that travel into rural areas. Significant levels of ozone pollution can be detected in rural areas as far as 250 miles downwind from urban industrial zones. E) You can make ozone test strips to detect and monitor ozone levels in your own backyard or around your school. You will need corn starch, filter paper (coffee filters work well) and potassium iodide (can be ordered from a science education supplier such as Carolina Biological Supply or Fisher Scientific). Basically, you make a paste from water, corn starch and potassium-iodide, and you paint this paste on strips of filter paper. You then expose the strips to the air for eight hours. Ozone in the air will react with the potassium iodide to change the color of the strip. You will also need to know the relative humidity, which you can get from a newspaper, weather broadcast or home weather station. F) When you inhale ozone, it travels throughout your respiratory tract. Because ozone is very corrosive, it damages the bronchioles and alveoli in your lungs, air sacs that are important for gas exchange. Repeated exposure to ozone can inflame lung tissues and cause respiratory infections. G) Ozone exposure can aggravate existing respiratory conditions such as asthma, reduce your lung function and capacity for exercise and cause chest pains and coughing. Young children, adults who are active outdoors and people with respiratory diseases are most susceptible to the high levels of ozone encountered during the summer. In addition to effects on humans, the corrosive nature of ozone can damage plants and trees. High levels of ozone can destroy agricultural crops and forest vegetation. H) To protect yourself from ozone exposure, you should be aware of the Air Quality Index (AQI) in your area every day—you can usually find it in the newspaper or on a morning weather forecast on TV or radio. You should also be familiar with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guide for ozone-alert values. I) What do the numbers in the AQI mean? The AQI measures concentrations of five air pollutants: ozone, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. The EPA has chosen these pollutants as criteria pollutants, but these are not all of the pollutants in the air. These concentrations are compared to a standard set out in federal law. An index value of 100 means that all of the criteria pollutants are at the maximum level that is considered safe for the majority of the population. To reduce your exposure to ozone, you should avoid exercising during afternoon and early evening hours in the summer. J) There are several ways you can help to decrease ozone pollution. Limit using your automobile during afternoon and early evening hours in the late spring, summer and early fall. Do not use gasoline-powered lawn equipment during these times. Do not fuel your car during these times. Do not light fires or outdoor grills during these times. Keep the engine of your car or boat tuned. Make sure that your tires are properly inflated. Use environmentally safe paints, cleaning and office products (some of these chemicals are sources of VOC). K) Besides personal attempts to reduce ozone pollution, the EPA has initiated more stringent air-quality standards (such as the Clean Air Act and its modifications) to reduce air pollution. Compliance with these standards by industries, manufacturers and state and local governments has significantly reduced the levels of many common air pollutants. L) With continued conservation and reduction practices, adherence to ozone-pollution warnings, research and government regulation, ozone-pollution levels should continue to fall. Perhaps future generations will not be threatened by this environmental pollutant. M) The thing that determines whether ozone is good or bad is its location. Ozone is good，when it is in the stratosphere. The stratosphere is a layer of the atmosphere starting at the level of about 6 miles (about 10 kilometers) above sea level. The stratosphere naturally contains about six parts per million of ozone, and this ozone is very beneficial because it absorbs UV radiation and prevents it from reaching us. N) Ozone is “bad” when it is at ground level. Ozone is a very reactive gas that is hard on lung tissue. It also damages plants and buildings. Any ozone at ground level is a problem. Unfortunately, chemicals in car exhaust and chemicals produced by some industries react with light to produce lots of ozone at ground level. In cities, the ozone level can rise to a point where it becomes hazardous to our health. That’s when you hear about an ozone warning on the news. 1. When ultraviolet rays from the sun separate an oxygen molecule into two single oxygen atoms in the stratosphere, the combination of a single oxygen atom and an oxygen molec u l e f o r m s o z o n e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 6 " > 0 0 2 . Y o u ca n m a k e o z o n e t e s t s t r i p sb y y o u r s e l f t o f i n d o u t a b o u t o z o n e l e v e l s i n y o u r o w n l oc a l e . / p > pb d s f i d = " 1 2 7 " > 0 0 3 . L o n g - t i m e e x p o s u r e t o o z o n e i s b a d l y h a r m f u l t o o u r r e s p i r a t o r y s y s t e m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 8 " > 0 0 4 . C h e m ic a l s i n i nd u s t r i a l w a s te g a s a n d v e h i c l e e x h a u s t r e a c t w i t h l i g h t t of o r m l o t s o f o z o n e a tg r o u n d l e v e l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 9 " > 0 0 5 . I n t e r n a l c o m b u s t i o n e n g i n e s a n d p o w e r p l a n t s c a u s e th e a r ti f i c i a l t r o p o s p h e r i c o z o n e , a l s o k n o w n a s b a d o z o n e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 0 " > 0 0 6 . O z o n e i s v e r y h e l p f u l b e c a u s e i t a b s o r b s U V r a d i a t i o n a n d s e p a r a t e s u s f r o m i t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 1 " > 0 0 7 . U s i n g g a s o l i n e - p o w e r e d l a w n e q u i p m e n t i n t h e l a t e s p r i n g , s u m m e r a n d e a r l y f a l l m a y i n c r e a s e o z o n e p o l l u t i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 2 " > 0 0 8 . O z o n e p o l l u t i o n o c c u r s i n u r b a n a n d s u b u r b a n a r e a s a s w e l l a s i n r u r a l a r e a s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 3 " > 0 0 9 . I n o r d e r t o d e c r e a s e o z o n e p o l l u t i o n , t h e E P A h a s s e t u p m o r e r i g o r o u s a i r - q u a l i t y s t a n d a r d s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 4 " > 0 0 1 0 . P a y c l o s e a t t e n t i o n t o t h e A i r Q u a l i t y I n d e x i n y o u r a r e a e v e r y d a y c a n k e e p y o u a w a y f r o m o z o n e e x p o s u r e . / p >。

2020年6月大学英语六级长篇阅读练习题

2020年6月大学英语六级长篇阅读练习题（1）10 Ways Obama Could Fight Climate Change[A] One of the biggest surprises of President Barack Obama's inaugural address,on Monday was how much he focused on fighting climate change, spending more time on that issue than any other. "We will respond to the threat of climate change, knowing that the failure to do so would betray our children and future generations," Obama said. The President pointed out that recent severe weather supplied an urgent impetus for energy innovation and staked the nation's economic future on responding to a changing climate. "We cannot cede to other nations the technology that will power new jobs and new industries--we must claim its promise," Obama said. '" That's how we will maintain our economic vitality and our national treasure--our forests and waterways; our croplands and snowcapped (山顶积雪的) peaks. That is how we will preserve our planet, commanded to our care by God. " so what could the President reasonably do to deliver on that vow? Here are ten of their suggestions:Sunset coal with new incentives and regulations.[B] "Provide incentives to phase out the oldest, most polluting power plants," said Robert Jackson, a climate scientist at Duke University. It's already happening, to some degree, as more of the nation transitions to natural gas. Earth scientist Bill Chameides, dean of Duke's Nicholas School of the Environment and a former chief scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund, urges the administration to use its Clean, Air Act authority to promulgate (颁布)carbon regulations for existing power plants like it has for new ones: "Doing that will force fuel switching from coal to natural gas. "Invest federal stimulus money in nuclear power.[C] It's hardly a perfect fuel, as accidents like Japan's Fukushima fallout have shown, but with safety precautions new nuclear plants can meaningfully offset dirtier types of energy, supporters say."Nuclear is the only short-to medium-term way to really get away from fossil fuels," said Peter Raven. President emeritus of the Missouri Botanical Garden. He said the damage done by relentless global warming will far exceed the damage done by faults in the nuclear system.Kill the Keystone pipeline.[D] The controversial Keystone XL oil pipeline is up for review again by the White House this year. "The font thing he should do to set the tone to a lowercarbon economy is to reject the Keystone pipeline, “said Raymond Pierrehum Bert, a geophysical scientist at the University of Chicago. The pipeline was never going to be a major driver of global emissions, but Pierre humbert and some other environmentalists say that by killing it the President would send a clear message about America's intent to ramp down fossil fuels.Protect the oceans by executive order.[E] Land use is complicated, but large swaths of oceans can be protected by executive order. Just as President George W. Bush designated the world's largest marine monument northwest of Hawaii in 2006. Obama could single-handedly protect other areas. National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Sylvia Earle said the President should focus on parts of the Arctic that are under U. S. control, putting them off limits to energy production, commercial fishing, and mineral exploration. Marine sanctuaries (禁捕区) won't stop climate change, but they can give marine species a better chance of adapting to it by reducing the other man-made threats the animals face.Experiment with capturing carbon.[F] Huge untapped reserves of natural gas and oil make it unlikely that the U. S. will transition away from fossil fuels in the immediate future. Instead, said Wallace Broecker, geology professor at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, we should attack the atmosphere's carbon surplus directly. "Obama could make available funds to build and test prototype air capture units" to capture and store CO2, said Broecker. Removing some carbon from the atmosphere could buy valuable time as policy makers and scientists explore more permanent solutions.Grow government research for new energy sources.[G] The Department of Energy has a nimble program that's tasked with innovative energy research—the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy. The ARPA-E funds research in biofuels, transmission,and battery storage, with an annual budget of $ 275 million. Last year, DOE officials requested at least $ 75 million more. Increasing funding for ARPA-E, said Rare Pomerance, former deputy assistant secretary of state for environment and development and currently an environmental consultant, "you get new technologies that undercut coal, oil, and gas. " Plus, he said, yon get a competitive advantage if American researchersuncover the next big idea in new energy.Tax carbon.[H] Congress would have to agree, but many climate experts say that the most meaningful way to tackle emissions is to set a price on carbon. "We should be asking people to pay the cost of putting carbon into the atmosphere as they buy the fuel," said Josh Willis, climate scientist and oceanographer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. To gain political support for the idea, Obama would probably have to show that the tax wonld help accelerate technology, grow new industries, and pay down the deficit.Dial back the federal government's energy use.[I] With more than I. 8 million employees, $ 500 billion in annual purchasing power, and 500,000 buildings to operate, the federal government has been a leader in reducing energy use since Obama signed a 2009 executive order to cut waste. "I would urge him to keep using the power of government to promote energy conservation," said Syndonia Bret-Harte, an Arctic biologist who studies climate change at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks.Build a scientific clearinghouse for climate information.[J] "I advocate for building a better information system on what is happening and why," said Kevin Tren berth, head of the Climate Analysis Section at the U. S. National Center for Atmospheric Research. That involves compiling observations related to climate change from around the world and using the data to refine climate modeling. Think of it as a one-stop, user-friendly website that clearly demonstrates how weather data from around the globe are influenced by broader shifts in the planet's climate.Keep talking. Despite a consensus among top scientists, the world still needs some convincing on climate change.[K] A CNN poll last week found that just 49 percent of Americans agree that global warming is real and is due to human activities. "The most important thing the President can do is to build on his inaugural comments to heighten the sense of urgency about rapid climate destabilization and clarify its connection to virtually every other issue on the national agenda," said David Orr, environmental studies professor at Oberlin College. That means using the bully clergymen to show how a more volatile climate affects everything from agriculture totransportation to 21st-century warfare.46. The urge to promulgate carbon regulations is aimed at pushing power plants to replace coal by natural gas.47. Marine sanctuaries should be preserved because they help sea species adapt to climate alteration.48. The government should take the responsibility to raise Americans' awareness about climate change.49. Many climate experts believe that the most effective way to lower emission is to tax on carbon.50. Nuclear supporters argue that nuclear system failures are less challenging than global warming.51. Recent extreme weather made President Obama feel it is urgent to address climate change.52. Keystone pipeline should be rejected because it is a signal to reduce fossil fuels.53. Since Obama signed a 2009 executive order to cut waste, the federal government has taken the lead in saving energy.54. Lower carbon emission will be most likely to happen if research in new energy resources succeeds.55. Compared with turning to new energy, America prefers carbon capture and store as a temporary measure.2020年6月大学英语六级长篇阅读练习题（2）How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint PresentationsA) Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed the way in which academic and business presentations are made. This article outlines few tips on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations.The TextB) Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary words—a good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentences into phrases, and phrases into key words.Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the Rule of Five-five words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split it between two slides. Click within the placeholder to display the AutoFit Options button (its symbol is two horizontal lines with arrows above and below), then click on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu.C) Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while the text body should not be smaller than e only two font styles per slide—one for the title and the other for the text. Choose two fonts that visually contrast with each other. Garamond Medium Condensed and Impact are good for titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for the text body.D) Embed the fonts in your presentation, if you are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation are present in the computer that will be used for the presentation. To embed the fonts: (1) On the File menu, click Save As. (2) On the toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select the Embed TrueType Fonts check box, and then select Embed characters in use only.E) Use colors sparingly; two to three at most. You may use one color for all the titles and another for the text body. Be consistent from slide to slide. Choose a font color that contrasts well with the background.F) Capitalizing the first letter of each word is good for the title of slides and suggests a more formal situation than having just the first letter of the first word capitalized. In bullet point lines, capitalize the first word and no other words unless they normally appear capped. Upper and lower case lettering is more readable than all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicate that using allcapital letters means you are shouting. If you have text that is in the wrong case, select the text, and then click Shift+F3 until it changes to the case style that you like. Clicking Shift+F3 toggles the text case between ALL CAPS, lower case, and Initial Capital styles.G) Use bold or italic typeface for emphasis. Avoid underlining, it clutters up the presentation.Don’t center bulleted lists or text. It is confusing to read. Left align unless you have a good reason not to. Run “spell check” on your show when finished.The BackgroundH) Keep the background consistent. Simple, light textured backgrounds work well. Complicated textures make the content hard to read. If you are planning to use many clips in your slides, select a white background. If the venue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof, select a dark-colored background and use any light color for text. Minimize the use of “bells and whistles” such as sound effects, “flying words” and multiple transitions. Don’t use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read.The ClipsI) Animations are best used subtly; too much flash and motion can distract and annoy viewers. Do not rely too heavily on those images that were originally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office. You can easily find appropriate clips on any topic through Google Images. While searching for images, do not use long search phrases as is usually done while searching the web-use specific words.J) When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes and are in a .jpg format. Larger files can slow down your show. Keep graphs, charts and diagrams simple, if possible. Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data. The audience can then immediately pick up the relationships.The PresentationK) If you want your presentation to directly open in the slide show view, save it as a slide show file using the following steps. Open the presentation you want to save as a slide show. On the File menu, click Save As. In the Save astype list, click PowerPoint Show. Your slide show file will be saved with a ppt file extension. When you double-click on this file, it will automatically start your presentation in slide show view. When you’re done, PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to the desktop. If you want to edit the slide show file, you can always open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the File menu.L) Look at the audience, not at the slides, whenever possible. If using a laser pointer, don’t move it too fast. For examp le, if circling a number on the slide, do it slowly. Never point the laser at the audience. Black out the screen (use “B” on the keyboard) after the point has been made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again to continue your presentation.M) You can use the shortcut command [Ctrl]P to access the Pen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse and drag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show. To erase everything you’ve drawn, press the E key. To turn off the Pen tool, press [Esc] once.MiscellaneousN) Master Slide Set-Up: The “master slide” will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation. You can change fonts, colors, backgrounds, headers, and footers at the “master slide” level. First, go to the “View” menu. Pull down the “Master” menu. Select the “slide master” menu. You may now make changes at this level that meet your presentation needs.1. The ways in which academic and business presentations are made have been changed by Microsoft PowerPoint.2. When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the text should not be complicated.3. In each slide, the font styles for the title and the text should contrast with each other.4. A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of the first word.5. Centering bulleted lists or text can not help to read.6. Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible.7. When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes.8. When making the presentation, you should look at the audience as possible as you can.9. Pressing the E key can help you to erase everything you've drawn.10. In order to meet your presentation needs, you can make changes at the “slide master”level.2020年6月大学英语六级长篇阅读练习题（3）Paper--More than Meets the EyeA) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.Paper from WoodD) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greaterthan fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.G) It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.Paper from RagK) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paperand card can contain undesirable additives.L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.M) The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high grade card.2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are soft wood, cotton and rags.3. During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made froma pulp of cellulose fibres.4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add bleach.5. Liguin is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree.7. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials.8. If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be more expensive.9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because there is much less cotton and rag than trees.10. What we can learn from "Paper from Rag" is that you had better buy archival materials from specialist suppliers.2020年6月大学英语六级长篇阅读练习题（4）Definitions of ObesityA: How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.B: The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person's height and weight. The "Body Mass Index" (BMI) is calculated by dividing the person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.C: However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.Health Effects of ObesityD: Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person's physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 ("mature onset diabetes") and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.CancerE: Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations beingwith breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.F: The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman's menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.G: The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!AgingH: Research published by St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman's biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman’s biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.I: The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat, and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.DementiaJ: Recent research (2005) conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.K: Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk ofcontracting dementia.Other ProblemsL: The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency Caesarean section.M: This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.1. You can judge whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage according to the height-weight table.2. Using the "Body Mass Index"to define a person's weight ideal is limited, because it does not takes into account many variables such as age, gender and ethnic origin.3. A person's emotional well-being would be affected by obesity.4. Obesity has something to do with cancer in the prostate gland for man.5. Women from less affluent nations tend to have much less breast cancer.6. A non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added7.4 years to her biological age.7. The excess body fat, like the chemicals present in tobacco smoke, can lead to inflammation.8. Obese people in middle age run an increased risk of dementia .9. The predictive test for dementia will help people to affect lifestyle changes that will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.10. The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, will possibly drain economies.。

大学英语六级考试模拟冲刺题含答案解析：2020年9月六级考试真题(第三套

19.A) Few of us can ignore changes in our immediateenvironment.
B)It is impossible for us to be immune from outside influence.
7.A)Theycanbeaffectedbypeople’schildhoodexperiences.C)Theyusuallyresultfrompeople’sunpleasantmemories.
B)Theymaysometimesseemridiculoustoarationalmind.D)Theycanhaveanimpactasgreatasrationalthinking.
B)It may have micro-organisms livingin it.D) It may be as deep as fourkilometers.
11.A) Help understand life infreezing conditions.C) Provide information about otherplanets.
B)Their sense of sharingandcaring.D) Their belief in creating wealth forthemselves.
Section C
Directions:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. Therecordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.

2020年12月英语六级答案：长篇阅读(网友版共三套)

2020年12月英语六级答案：长篇阅读(网友版共三套) 2020年12月英语六级答案：长篇阅读(网友版共三套)考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题实行核对。

第一套：C 46. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.I 47. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.E48. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.K49. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn’t succeed as expected.G 50. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.A 51. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.G 52. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn’t lie in light sources but in their applications.J 53. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace.D 54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.B 55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy systems.第二套：CLGPH DJBFO第三套：46．Many first-generation college-goers have doubts about their abilities to get a college degree.答案：H47．First-generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.答案：C48．The graduation rate of first-generation students at Nijay’s university was incredibly low.答案：B49．Some top institutions like Yale seem to providefirst-generation students with more support than theyactually need.答案：N50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.答案：A51．Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first generation students.答案：J52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don’t know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.答案：G53．Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first-generation students’ self-confidence.答案：O54. I’m First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.答案：D55. Elite universities distributes information to help first-generation students at a higher rate.答案：M相关推荐：2020年12月英语六级真题及答案专题2020年12月英语四级真题及答案专题2020年12月英语六级成绩查询专题2020年12月英语四级成绩查询专题。

2020年六级长篇阅读练习及答案详解(3)

2020年六级长篇阅读练习及答案详解(3) Preparing for Computer DisastersA： Summary： When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking stepsto recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.B： Fires, power surges, and floods, they're all facts of life. We read about them in the morning paper and see them on the evening news. We sympathize with the victims and commiserate over their bad luck. We also shake our heads atthe digital consequences—melted computers, system failures, destroyed data. Yet, somehow, many of us continue to live by that old mantra of denial： "It won't happen to me." Well,the truth is, at some point you'll probably have to deal with at least one disaster. That's just how it goes, and in most aspects of our lives we do something about it. We buy insurance. We stow away provisions. We even make disasterplans and run drills. But for some reason, computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us. It shouldn't be. Home computers contain some of our most important information, both business and personal, and making certain our data survives a disaster should be a priority. Moreover, even the smallest disaster can be a serious disruption. Personal computers have become an integral part of the smooth-running household. We use them to communicate, shop, and do homework, and they're even more vital to home office users. When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward. With a goodoffsite storage plan and the right tools, you can bounce back quickly and easily from minor computer disasters. And, should a major calamity strike, you can rest assured your data is safe.Offsite Storage： Major DisastersC： House fires and floods are among the most devastating causes of personal computer destruction. That's why a solid offsite backup and recovery plan is essential. Although many home users faithfully back up their hard drives, many would still lose all their data should their house flood our burn. That's because they keep their backups in relatively close to their computers. Their backup disks might not be in the same room as their computers—tucked away in a closet or even the garage—but they're not nearly far enough away should a serious disaster strike. So, it's important to back up your system to a removable medium and to store it elsewhere.D： There are many ways to approach offsite storage. It starts with choice of backup tools and storage medium. Disaster situations are stressful, and your recovery tools shouldn't add to that stress. They must be dependable and intuitive, making it easy to schedule regular backups and to retrieve files in a pinch. They must also be compatible with your choice of backup medium. Depending on your tools, you can back up to a variety of durable disk types—from CDs to Jaz drives to remote network servers. Although many of these storage media have high capacity, a backup tool with compression capabilities is a big plus, eliminating the inconvenience of multiple disks or large uploads.E： Once you select your tools and a suitable medium, you need to find a remote place to store your backups. The options are endless. However, no matter where you choose, be sure the site is secure, easily accessible, and a good distance away from your home. You may also want to consider using an Internet-based backup service. More and more service providers are offering storage space on their servers, and uploading files to a remote location has become an attractive alternative to conventional offsite storage. Of course, before using one of these services, make certain you completely trust the service provider and its security methods. Whatever you do, schedule backups regularly and store them far away from your home.Come What May： Handling the Garden Variety Computer CrisisF： Not all home computer damage results from physical disaster. Many less menacing problems can also hobble your PC or destroy your information. Systems crash, kids "rearrange" data, adults inadvertently delete files. Although these events might not seem calamitous, they can have serious implications. So, once again, it's important to be prepared. As with physical disasters, regular backups are essential. However, some of these smaller issues require a responsethat's more nuanced than wholesale backup and restoration. To deal with less-than-total disaster, your tool set must be both powerful and agile. For example, when a small number of files are compromised, you may want to retrieve those files alone. Meanwhile, if just your settings are affected, you'll want a simple way to roll back to your preferred setup. Yet, should your operating system fail, you'll need a way to boot。

长喜英语6级考前冲刺试题三(附答案)

６级考前冲刺试题三Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Lack of Credit Among College Students following the outline given below. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.1. 近年来大学生中出现一些“信用缺失”现象，如拖欠助学贷款、撕毁就业合同等2. 尽管这种“信用缺失”现象并不普遍，但却带来了极坏的影响3. 大学生应该加强诚信Lack of Credit Among College Students________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with theinformation given in the passage.There's a price to be paid for our cheap foodThe big food companies should be taxed for the damage they cause to our bodies and the planet The world is throwing away a shocking amount of food. A report last week claimed that at least a third of the 4 billion tonnes of food the world produces each year never gets as far as our mouths. Between 30% and 50% of food purchased in Europe and the US is thrown away. The research is questioned, not least by the supermarkets, but it does echo the results of an exercise in Britain six years ago, when researchers for the government-funded Waste and Resources Action Programme (Wrap) went through the nation's rubbish bins. It concluded that we were throwing away 30% of the food we'd bought while it was still edible (可食用的).Britain – and much of the rich world – has got used to filling the fridge with what looks nice, not what it actually needs. The cost of that indulgence (放纵) is, says the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, £10bn annually. Globally, the cost, in money, energy and ever-scarcer water, is unquantifiable.Our future food security has been climbing the top 10 of current global worries. The prospect of feeding a mid-century planet of around 9 billion people looks impossible without major and potentially unattractive changes to farming and our diet. If you accept the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation's call for production to be increased by 70% to feed the population of 2050, most of the work will be achieved just by being a bit more thrifty (节俭的). All we have to do is to use better what is already there.However, throwing food out is easy. Using it sensibly, especially the less attractive bits, is not. The urge to bin and buy again, encouraged by multimillion pound advertising campaigns, is all the less resistible now because, despite recent price rises, for most of us, food is cheap. At Christmas, the average family spent just over £100 on the big meal, a quarter of what it spent on presents. Stopping the waste will take more than a few celebrity chefs telling us how to use the roast chicken leftovers or asking the supermarkets to relax a bit with buy one, get one free offers.Education of consumers and voluntary agreements with the retail industry have all been tried: Wrap is 13 years old this year and has not impressed. Its critics say that its expensive information campaigns under slogans such as "Love Food Hate Waste" lack targets and convincingly audited (审计) results. Like so many toothless quangos(半官方机构), it can only cajole (利诱) business rather than bring it firmly to heel. More households may be portion-planning and recycling now,because of Wrap's adverts, but the slight reduction in the tonnage of food estimated to have been thrown away in British households (from 8.3m in 2006/07 to 7.2m in 2010) is probably accounted for by the price rises and stall in incomes that followed the global economic crash of 2008.Here we come to the uncomfortable core of the problem. Price is the key factor in our behaviour with food and food may, simply, be too cheap. Certainly, in Britain it is cheaper than at any time in history: we spend less than 10% of household income on food and drink. In 1950, we spent around 25%. In the developing world, 50% or more of income is spent on food. Tellingly, Britain spends less than any other country in Europe. Worldwide, it seems that the lower a country's food/income ratio, the higher its incidence of obesity(肥胖). Presumably, the higher also the proportion of food it chucks out.Observers of food policy certainly believe that cheap food is a problem or, as Professor Tim Lang of City University tells it, that too much of the true cost of food is born not by the consumer or the retailer. The environmental and health damage caused by modern food production and its transport, as well as by excessive consumption, entails vast costs, often picked up by people far away from Tesco's catchments. But it is the supermarkets' eternal price wars –their one-track marketing philosophy where "value" trumps all other qualities in food – that have driven prices so low. Without restoring a sense of the real value of food, how will we stop all but the hungry wasting it?Food inflation is a key political indicator, yet no government is going to risk price rises for all the good it might do for our health or our environment, let alone the chance of stopping the landfill. Supermarkets, with their powerful lobbying arms and political donations, habitually wriggle away from legislation and Competition Commission criticism merely with the threat that any new regulation will raise prices. That has to stop. A far tougher position is required.The government's promise to abolish the use of "sell by" and "display until" labels has been parlayed into voluntary Food Standards Agency "advice". Because of industry resistance, Wrap has never fully measured waste caused upstream from the household, even though the retailers and manufacturers are certainly to blame for more of the tonnage that goes to landfill. It may always be easier to blame the consumer but what is required is far stricter regulation of the food giants.So how could we regulate? Producers complain that the major supermarket chains enslave them in very harsh contracts that set up a damaging chain reaction. Producers then pay low wages, which are in turn subsidised by taxpayers via tax credits. These boost incomes that are still so low that families are forced to buy inferior food. (Supermarket chains –hugely profitable –also pay risibly low wages to workers.) Ending this vicious cycle is not simply about food pricing, it's a far larger debate. Even in austerity, the profits of the "big food" companies continue to rise. This isabout more than pricing – it's about a sense of responsibility about what's fair.An alternative to voluntary change is to tax the food industry in just proportion to the damage it causes. Another idea gaining ground across Europe is for a sugar tax – the cheap processed foods and soft drinks that carry the largest profit margins (and which are a key cause of obesity) depend hugely on sugar for their appeal. Food price rises would result and the supermarkets' vast profits might have to take a hit. Those who would really suffer are the poor and their children and that is a challenge to be met fairly with a living wage, not by caps on benefits or food banks.There are lots of ideas around for the "zero-waste economy" that successive governments have repeatedly promised. But first and foremost, politicians have to conquer their fear of "big food".1. What did a research reveal last week?A) Nearly half of the food purchased is not edible.B) More than a third of the food is thrown away.C) There is a disguised increase in the food price.D) British households waste most food in the world.2. What does the author say about households in much of the rich world?A) They only purchase things to meet their basic needs.B) They have to spend more income on food and drinks.C) They are accustomed to buying food that looks nice.D) Few of them live a life of wealth and indulgence.3. According to the author, it is impossible to feed 9 billion people of 2050 unless ______.A) we make a fine adjustment to farmingB) the UN takes actions to curb wastingC) we now make big changes to our dietD) people accept genetically modified foods4. People find it hard to resist the urge to throw food away and buy again because ______.A) food is not expensive for themB) some food has a short shelf lifeC) the food price fluctuates sharplyD) there is an abundant supply of food5. What do we learn about Wrap’s information campaigns?A) They persuaded millions to be thrifty.B) They have achieved the original goals.C) They forced stores to give up free offers.D) They are criticized for lacking targets.6. Food waste was reduced slightly from 2010 to 2006 probably because of ______.A) the consumer educationB) Wrap’s advertisementsC) people’s recyclingD) the price increases7. What has driven food prices so low according to the author?A) The cheap raw materials imported.B) The supermarkets’ continuing price wars.C) The usage of intensive farming techniques.D) The poor consumer demand for food.8. The government is unwilling to __________________________ even though it might do the environment good.9. To curb food waste, it is necessary that the government impose __________________________ regulations on food giants.10. The author suggests that the food industry should be __________________________ in proportion to the damage it causes.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be apause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.11. A) He doesn’t have any good ideas. C) He doesn’t put h is ideas into practice.B) He has many interesting dreams. D) He sleeps a lot without doing anything.12. A) He has just quitted his former job. C) He is applying for a job.B) He has graduated last June. D) He has some work experience.13. A) His boss doesn’t agree.C) He has chosen some part-time courses.B) He has to pay the tuition fee first. D) He can’t afford to study without salary.14. A) He is a full-time student.B) He is a part-time worker.C) He is going to take refresher courses.D) He has known all the details about the course.15. A) He knows nothing about the other assignment.B) He doesn’t think it’s necessary to ask for a long time.C) He asks the woman to hand in her assignment on time.D) He will give the woman an extension for her assignment.16. A) He was arrogant about it. C) He was not surprised about it.B) He found it unbelievable. D) He found the truth unacceptable.17. A) To ask the man to read the book together.B) To request the man to write a term paper for her.C) To complain about the numbers of reading materials.D) To ask for some advice on how to select the reading materials.18. A) He had better assess his own ability.B) He should try to solve some easier problems now.C) He must study hard to solve the difficult problems.D) He should find some more complicated problems to solve.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) She has finished her work. C) Her kids will arrive home after school.B) She is too exhausted to work. D) The man does not ask her to go back to the office.20. A) It is weird. C) It is comfortable.B) It is convenient. D) It is exhausting.21. A) The woman does not like it. C) One can see a lot of strange things in it.B) It is produced by weird people. D) The man is determined to watch it tonight.22. A) His boss might ask him to stay up late.B) The woman will record tonight’s program.C) He may have to prepare for tomorrow’s business trip.D) He will be having a meeting with his boss at that time.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) He has a lot of free time. C) Many of his friends are actors.B) She knows he likes acting. D) H e’s looking for an acting job.24. A) He hasn’t been in a play for a long time.B) He has to rearrange his evening schedule.C) He might not like the way the group works.D) His schoolwork has taken up most of his time.25. A) Enjoy their rehearsal. C) See her on Wednesday.B) Learn his part quickly. D) Pick her up on Thursday.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) A study on whether social connections can keep us healthier.B) A study on whether social connections make us happier.C) A study on factors that influence psychologic health.D) A study on the relationship between psychology and longevity.27. A) 200,000. B) 300,000. C) 500,000. D) 700,000.28. A) Teenagers should go to see psychologist frequently.B) People should make as many friends as possible.C) Policy makers should consider relationships as a health issue.D) People should place relationships at first place.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) Your reputation will be damaged. C) You’ll get into trouble.B) You have to change your name. D) You can’t be a doctor any more.30. A) He had helped Booth murder Lincoln. C) He had concealed the facts.B) He had made a diagnostic error. D) He had given Booth help in some way.31. A) He would have suffered a lot from the name.B) He would have been thought of as a criminal forever.C) He would have been sentenced to four years’ prison life.D) He would have spent the rest of his life in prison.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) Japanese car sales are down.B) Economy in Japan is from bad to worse.C) The main consumers of cars in Japan are middle-aged people.D) Japan is heavily depended on the foreign market.33. A) A tool. C) A symbol of status.B) A sign of wealth. D) An article of consumption.34. A) Cars are still too expensive. C) Gas prices and parking lot fees are costly.B) Traffic is heavy on the road. D) Traffic accidents are more and more serious.35. A) They have reduced their products prices.B) They have laid off plenty of short-term contract workers.C) They have laid off many full-time salaried employees.D) They have narrowed down their foreign market.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exactwords you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill inthe missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you havejust heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage isread for the third time, you should check what you have written.Although they may not die from lack of love, adults also need a great amount of affection and (36) _________. In the past, many people spent their (37) _________ lives in the communities in which they were born and (38) _________. Many more people continued to live with their parents, brothers and sisters after they were married and had children of their own. By remaining in (39) _________ communities with relatives nearby, families had enough (40) _________ for friendly contact and support in time of trouble.Recent studies (41) _________ that family arrangements in Western societies have not changed as much in the last few centuries as is (42) _________ believed. Yet most sociologists agree that in modern societies, there are fewer opportunities for friendship and support from relatives outside the (43) _________ family. Parents and children often live apart from other relatives, and seldom visit them. Also, (44) ___________________________________________________________________.Together, loneliness and mobility force immediate family members to depend heavily on one another for affection and companionship.(45) ___________________________________________________________________, a high percentage of people continue to marry, even though it is possible for a single man and woman to live together without marrying. On the other hand, because affection and companionship have become so important, (46) ___________________________________________________________________ —even if all other family functions are being satisfactorily performed, and in this sense, affection and companionship have become the touchstone of the modern family.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewestpossible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.When students arrive on campus with their parents, both parties often assume that the school will function in loco parentis (代替父母), watching over its young charges, providing assistance when needed. Colleges and universities present themselves as supportive learning communities —as extended families, in a way. And indeed, for many students they become a home away from home. This is why graduates often use another Latin term, alma mater, meaning "nourishing mother." Ideally, the school nurtures its students, guiding them toward adulthood. Lifelong friendships are formed, teachers become mentors, and the academic experience is complemented by rich social interaction. For some students, however, the picture is less rosy. For a significant number, the challenges can become overwhelming.In reality, administrators at American colleges and universities are often obliged to focus as much on the generation of revenue as on the new generation of students. Public institutions in particular are often faced with tough choices about which student support services to fund, and how to manage such things as soaring health-care costs for faculty and staff. Private schools are feeling the pinch as well. Ironically, although tuition and fees can increase as much as 6.6 percent in a single year, the high cost of doing business at public and private institutions means that students are not necessarily receiving more support in return for increased tuition and fees. To compound the problem, students may bereluctant to seek help even when they desperately need it.Just as colleges are sometimes ill equipped to respond to the challenges being posed by today's students, so students themselves are sometimes ill equipped to respond to the challenges posed by college life. Although they arrive on campus with high expectations, some students struggle with chronic shyness or perfectionism, learning disabilities, addiction, or eating disorders. Still others may have an unreliable moral compass, and some go wild when they realize that the only real prohibition against things like alcohol, drugs, and sex is their own willpower. Most experience failed relationships; some suffer from acute loneliness, mental illness, or even rage.Unfortunately, higher education is sometimes more of an information delivery system than a responsive, collaborative process. We have created cities of youth in which students can pass through unnoticed, their voices rarely heard, their faces rarely seen. As class size grows in response to budget cuts, it becomes even less likely that troubled students, or even severely disturbed students, will be noticed. When they're not, the results can be tragic.47. Schools are expected to protect the students and _____________________ when their students need help.48. Both public and private schools have to focus on _____________________ besides looking aftertheir students.49. Students’ _____________________ to seek help may exaggerate sch ools’ inability to help them.50. S ome of today’s students are sometimes _____________________ in face of overwhelmingchallenges in college.51. Higher education should be responsive and _____________________ to avoid students beingrarely heard and seen during their college life.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.Higher education institutions are predictably cool to President Obama’s proposal to shift fe deral aid away from colleges that fail to control rising tuition. Even though the details of his plan, which would require Congressional approval, will not be fleshed out until later this month, the idea behind it is sound.The federal government must do more to rein in tuition costs at the public colleges that educate more than 70 percent of the nation’s students. By one estimate, the cost of four-year public college tuition has tripled since the 1980s, outpacing both inflation and family income. The increase in the tuition burden is largely caused by declining state support for higher education in the past three decades. In both good times and bad, state governments have pushed more of the costs onto students, forcing many to take out big loans or be priced out of once affordable public colleges at a time when a college education is critical in the new economy.While financial aid is available to some low-income students, many are driven away by tuition sticker shock. At the same time, many colleges have failed to find more cost-effective ways to deliver education and get the average student to graduation in four years. President Obama was on the mark when he said that this needs to change.An analysis by State Higher Education Executive Officers, a nonprofit group, shows clearly what has happened in public higher education since 1985. In Michigan, for example, the net tuition paid per student after financial aid rose from about $3,900 in 1985 to nearly $9,000 in 2010, in inflation adjusted dollars. In response, students have turned to loans. In the last decade, federal college loan debt has more than doubled from $41 million to $103 million, according to the College Board.President Obama’s proposed reform plan would require colleges that receive federal aid to create ―a scoreboard‖ that gives actual costs, graduation rates and potential earnings for graduates. His idea for establishing a $1 billion fund to provide grants to states that improve graduation rates and reduce costs is a good one. He also calls for expanding campus-based aid — mainly loans and work-study programs —to more than $10 billion from the current $2.7 billion. And, for the first time, the government would punish colleges that failed to control tuition or that did not provide good value by shifting money to other schools that do a better job.Determining what amounts to good value will be difficult, and persuading Congress to move forward on any of these ideas will be hard. But Mr. Obama is right that the federal government should begin leveraging (利用) its sizable investment in higher education for reform.52. Obama’s proposal about federal aid intends to ______.A) impel colleges to attach importance to their finance managementB) withdraw federal aid from collegesC) urge colleges to bring down the tuition costsD) reduce the number of colleges53. What mainly led to the rising of students’ tuition burden in the past three decades?A) The lack of state support.B) The higher inflation.C) The shrinking of family income.D) The weakening of loan support.54. The analysis by State Higher Education Executive Officers further shows that ______.A) financial aid doesn’t efficiently help poor students receive higher educationB) the development of higher education lags behind the growth of economyC) the tuition has been going up faster than inflationD) higher education institutions are turning into profit-making organizations55. The initiative of Obama’s reform plan is reflected in ______.A) increasing the funding in educationB) creating campus-based aidC) making the use of federal aid transparentD) linking federal aid to the value provided by colleges56. What’s the author’s attitude towards Obama’s reform plan?A) Positive. B) Negative. C) Skeptical. D) Indifferent.Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Compared with elderly parents and adult children in five other industrialized nations, Americans are twice as likely to have ―disharmonious‖ relationships, a new multinational study has found. And we’re correspondingly less likely to have ―friendly‖ relationships marked by strong affection and relatively free of conflict. The study of nearly 2,700 parents over age 65, published recently in The Journal of Marriage and Family, turned up significant national differences. German and Spanish parents described relationships with their adult children as more detached. The English reported the most friendly families. Israelis operated with a high degree of ambivalence (正反感情并存), meaning they indicated strong positive and negative emotions. Norwegians placed somewhere in the middle.。

2020年大学英语六级考试阅读冲刺模拟训练(3)

2020年大学英语六级考试阅读冲刺模拟训练(3)Scholars and students have always been great travelers. The official case for “academic mobility” is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a starling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention： there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage above.1.It can be concluded from the passage that"academic mobility"_____.A.means the friendship formed by scholars on the tripB.is a program initiated by governmentsC.has been put great emphasis on in the worldD.means going abroad in search of the best teacher2.The word "eccentric" in the second paragraph most probably means_____.A.a rather strange personB.a person of no exceptional abilityC.an ambitious personD.peculiar or unusual3.In the eyes of the author,what happens to a scholar who shares his ideas with his colleagues?A.He risks his ideas being stolen.B.He gains recognition for his achievementC.He is considered as an eccentric.D.He is credited with a startling discovery.4.According to the passage,the recent growth in airtravel has meant that_____.A.travel around the world becomes realistic and affordableB.more students from remote areas can attend universitiesC.all kinds of information can be shared by more peopleD.scholars can meet each other more easily5.The author thinks that it's important for scholars to be able to travel because_____.A.their laboratories ate in remote placesB.there is too much stress at universitiesC.their fellow experts are scattered around the worldD.there are so many people working in similar fields文章摘要议论文。

2020年大学英语六级阅读理解预测题及答案(3)

2020年大学英语六级阅读理解预测题及答案(3)The "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country's standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy： "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and entertainment.A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country's natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess perhaps only one of these things, and some regions possess none of them. The U. S. A is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast natural resources within her borders, her soil is fertile, and her climate is varied. The Sahara Desert, on the other hand, is one of the least wealthy.Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well off as the U. S. A. in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons was. unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well servedby nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country's people. Old countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numerousskilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day.1. A country's wealth depends upon______. ,A. its standard of livingB. its moneyC. its ability to provide goods and servicesD. its ability to provide transport and entertainment2. The word "foremost" means______.A. most importantlyB. firstlyC. largelyD. for the most part3. The main idea of the second paragraph is that______.A. a country's wealth depends on many factorsB. the U. S. A. is one of the wealthiest countries in the worldC. the Sahara Desert is a very poor regionD. natural resources are an important factor in the wealth or poverty of a country4. The third paragraph mentions some of the advantages which one country may have over another in making use of its resources. How many such advantages are mentioned in this paragraph?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5参考答案：1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B。

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2020年英语六级长篇阅读冲刺练习题及解析(3)Preparing for Computer DisastersA： Summary： When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking stepsto recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.B： Fires, power surges, and floods, they're all facts of life. We read about them in the morning paper and see them on the evening news. We sympathize with the victims and commiserate over their bad luck. We also shake our heads atthe digital consequences—melted computers, system failures, destroyed data. Yet, somehow, many of us continue to live by that old mantra of denial： "It won't happen to me." Well,the truth is, at some point you'll probably have to deal with at least one disaster. That's just how it goes, and in most aspects of our lives we do something about it. We buy insurance. We stow away provisions. We even make disasterplans and run drills. But for some reason, computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us. It shouldn't be. Home computers contain some of our most important information, both business and personal, and making certain our data survives a disaster should be a priority. Moreover, even the smallest disaster can be a serious disruption. Personal computers have become an integral part of the smooth-running household. We use them to communicate, shop, and do homework, and they're even more vital to home office users. When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward. With a goodoffsite storage plan and the right tools, you can bounce back quickly and easily from minor computer disasters. And, should a major calamity strike, you can rest assured your data is safe.Offsite Storage： Major DisastersC： House fires and floods are among the most devastating causes of personal computer destruction. That's why a solid offsite backup and recovery plan is essential. Although many home users faithfully back up their hard drives, many would still lose all their data should their house flood our burn. That's because they keep their backups in relatively close to their computers. Their backup disks might not be in the same room as their computers—tucked away in a closet or even the garage—but they're not nearly far enough away should a serious disaster strike. So, it's important to back up your system to a removable medium and to store it elsewhere.D： There are many ways to approach offsite storage. It starts with choice of backup tools and storage medium. Disaster situations are stressful, and your recovery tools shouldn't add to that stress. They must be dependable and intuitive, making it easy to schedule regular backups and to retrieve files in a pinch. They must also be compatible with your choice of backup medium. Depending on your tools, you can back up to a variety of durable disk types—from CDs to Jaz drives to remote network servers. Although many of these storage media have high capacity, a backup tool with compression capabilities is a big plus, eliminating the inconvenience of multiple disks or large uploads.E： Once you select your tools and a suitable medium, you need to find a remote place to store your backups. The options are endless. However, no matter where you choose, be sure the site is secure, easily accessible, and a good distance away from your home. You may also want to consider using an Internet-based backup service. More and more service providers are offering storage space on their servers, and uploading files to a remote location has become an attractive alternative to conventional offsite storage. Of course, before using one of these services, make certain you completely trust the service provider and its security methods. Whatever you do, schedule backups regularly and store them far away from your home.Come What May： Handling the Garden Variety Computer CrisisF： Not all home computer damage results from physical disaster. Many less menacing problems can also hobble your PC or destroy your information. Systems crash, kids "rearrange" data, adults inadvertently delete files. Although these events might not seem calamitous, they can have serious implications. So, once again, it's important to be prepared. As with physical disasters, regular backups are essential. However, some of these smaller issues require a responsethat's more nuanced than wholesale backup and restoration. To deal with less-than-total disaster, your tool set must be both powerful and agile. For example, when a small number of files are compromised, you may want to retrieve those files alone. Meanwhile, if just your settings are affected, you'll want a simple way to roll back to your preferred setup. Yet, should your operating system fail, you'll need a way to boot。