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英语之中名词、代词、动词、形容词、冠词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词

英语之中名词、代词、动词、形容词、冠词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词

英语之中名词、代词、动词、形容词、冠词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词(一)1、名词名词(Nouns)是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。

名词可以独立成句。

在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。

2、代词是代替名词的一种词类。

大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。

英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。

3、动词,就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。

基本上每个完整的子句都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。

根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类。

4、形容词形容词【adjective】很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。

主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征5、冠词的定义冠词是置于名词之前,对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。

冠词可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而独立存在。

冠词的分类冠词分为不定冠词"a,an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词三种6、数词表示"多少"和"第几"的词,叫数词。

其用法相当于名词或者形容词。

数词分为基数词和序数词两种。

表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。

7、副词(Adverb)副词的定义: 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。

8、介词的定义和特征介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。

在句中不能单独作句字成分。

介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。

(二)1、名词,人或事物的名称3、代词,代替名词或者数词(比如some就是代替数目)3、动词,动作或状态4、数词,表示数目或顺序(比如序数词,5th就是表示顺序)5、形容词,人或事物的性质或状态(因为形容词一般修饰名词)6、副词,动作的特征或性状特征(因为副词一般修饰动词或形容词)7、冠词,表示名词的泛指或特指8、介词,表示名词或代词与其他词的关系(因为介词后面一半紧跟名词,代词或其他名词性结构)9、连词,连接词与词,短语与短语,句子与句子10、感叹词,表示说话时的感情或语气(三)1、adj. / a. 形容词用来描述一类物质的性质,状态,外貌,或人的性格特点,性质,品格如:big,happy2、adv. / ad. 副词用来修饰动作或形容词,一般在句子中做状语用表示动作的进行怎样,或表示程度,特点,如:clearly,happily3、prep. 介词连接地点,时间的一类词语,可以表示方位,时间.跟一些表示时间,地点的词连用表示介词词组如:in,to,on,under4、conj. 连词用来连接时间,地点,原因,结果的一类词语如:when,beacuse,so5、num. 数词表示数字的词,既可以是基数词,也可以是序数词如:one,two,first6、int. 感叹词表示感叹的一类词,一般不加一解释,只代表感叹如:what,how,haurray7、vt. 及物动词(后面要加宾语)行为动作的词如:do,finish,play8、vi. 不及物动词(后面不加宾语)表示行为动作的词如:appear9、n. 名词表示物体,物质的词如:pig,cow,man10、pron. 代词代指一类人,事或物的词如:he,she,hers,his,things11、art = 冠词,article的缩写(四)在英语语法中主要把词分为8大类:1.名词:表示人、物或地方等,如:John,teacher;table,pen;London;beauty.2.代词:用来代替名词,以避免重复某个名词,如:I,you,it,that,those,them.3.形容词:用来修饰或限制某个(些)名词,如:good(man),white (paper),every(book),much(water),(John is)hon-est,(He seems)lazy.被修饰或限制的名词,叫做主体词(head-word)。

初中语法---句子成分与基本句型

初中语法---句子成分与基本句型

一、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。

如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。

如:who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。

如:good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。

如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。

如:am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。

如:now, very,here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。

如:a, an, the.8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。

如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。

如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

如:oh, well, hi, hello.二、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,其余的均为次要成分。

①主语主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”,是句子的主体。

一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。

1.名词或名词短语作主语Beijing will be rainy. 北京将多雨。

Weather in our costal city is nice and cool in summer. 夏季我们沿海城市的天气舒适、凉爽。

英语十大词类

英语十大词类

英语十大词类 Prepared on 22 November 2020一、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。

如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, .2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。

如:who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj):表示人或事物的性质或特征。

如:good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。

如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。

如:am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。

如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。

如:a, an, the.8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。

如in, on, from, above, .9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。

如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

如:oh, well, hi, hello.二、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如:I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要由动词担任。

如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

英语 数词 介词 连词

英语 数词 介词 连词

一、数词讲解1、基数词。

表示数目的多少,如:one, two, three, one hundred, two thousand 等。

2、序数词。

表示顺序第几,其前面须加上定冠词the。

如:the twenty-first, the thirtieth等练习:写出下列数字的基数词和序数词的表示方法。

3、分数。

分数表达法:基数词表示分子,序数词表示分母,如果分子大于1时,分母要加“s”。

如:one-fourth, two-fifths, three-tenths4、年、月、时间表达法:年份用基数词,日期用序数词,时间用基数词,其顺序由小到大。

Eg: He was born on January 11th, 1886. He was born in January, 1990.5、Hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score这些词前面如有表示具体数字的词,它们不能加“s”,反之则须加“s”。

如:three hundred people, thousands of people。

(1) 200 个学生____________________________ (2) 成百上千的人__________________________(3) There are about two _______ students in their school.A. thousand ofB. thousands ofC. thousandD. thousands(4) _______ Iraqi people died in the Iraq War.A. Thousand ofB. Thousands ofC. ThousandD. Thousands(5) _______ students in our school went there this summer.A. Two hundredB. Two hundredsC. Two hundreds ofD. Two hundred of基础练习:(1)He lives on _______ floor. A. four B. fourth C. the four D. the fourth(2) Today she is very happy,because it is her ________ birthdayA. seventeenB. seventeenthC. the seventeenthD. the seventeen (3) This is a big class, and ________ of the students are girls.A. two thirdB. second threeC. two thirdsD. two three(4) -- What is one fourth and a half, do you know? -- Yes, it’s _______.A. two sixthsB. three fourthsC. one threeD. three sixths(5) I like this kind of pen, could you please give me _______ more.A. twoB. secondC. the twoD. the second(6) He has failed many times, but he wants to try _________ time.A. sixthB. a sixthC. the sixthD. six(7) In the final exam, he got _______ prize.A. thirdB. the thirdC. threeD. the three二、介词的用法(一) 介词的功能介词是一种虚词,不能单独使用。

英语介词和连接词

英语介词和连接词

英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。

如in, on, from, above, behind.连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。

如and, but, before .7、介词:7.1、介词的主要用法:介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。

介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。

有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如:out of(从…中出来), because of(因为), away from(距离…), on top of(在…顶上), ever since(自从…), next to(在…隔壁), according to(根据…), in front of(在…前方)等。

7.2、介词的分类表:(见下表)地点(位置、范围)介词:above在…前, about在…附近, across在…对面, after在…后面, against倚着..., along在…近旁, among在…中间, around在…周围, round在….周围, at在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, below低于..., beside在...旁边, between在...之间, by在...旁, down在...下面, from来自..., in在...里面, inside在...里面, near靠近..., of在...之中, on在...上面, out of在...之外, outside在....外面, over在....上方, under在...下方, up在...上面, on top of在...顶部, in front of在...前, close to靠近..., in the middle of在...的中间, at the end of在...的末端,等等。

英语语法大全

英语语法大全

英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词noun:表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。

如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词pronouns:主要用来代替名词。

如:who, she, you, it .3、数词numeral:表示数目或事物的顺序。

如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词verb:表示动作或状态。

如:am, is,are,have,see .4、形容词adjective:表示人或事物的性质或特征。

如:good, right, white, orange .6、副词adverb:修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。

如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词Article:用在名词前,帮助说明名词。

如:a, an, the.8、介词preposition:表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。

如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词conjunction:用来连接词、短语或句子。

如and, but, before .10、感叹词interjection:表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

如:oh, well, hi, hello.构词法:英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。

合成法:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。

派生名词:①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge派生形容词:①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious派生副词:①形容词+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。

数词、连词、介词、形容词和副词

数词、连词、介词、形容词和副词

数词、连词、介词、形容词和副词专题四数词数词是中考必考的⼀个语法点,基数词,序数词,分数⼀、数词的分类数词主要分为基数词和序数词两类。

1. 基数词表⽰数⽬的词称为基数词。

其形式如下:A.从1——10:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.B. 从11-19:eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.这⾥除eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen 都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。

C.从21——99:整数⼏⼗中除twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety 都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。

表⽰⼏⼗⼏时,在⼏⼗和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”①21 twenty-one ②76 seventy-sixD.百位数:1-9基数词形式加“hundred”,表⽰⼏百,在⼏⼗⼏与百位间加上and.101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eightE.千位数以上:从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加⼀个逗号“,”。

从右开始,第⼀个“,”前的数字后添加thousand,第⼆个“,”前⾯的数字后添加million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加billion。

然后⼀节⼀节分别表⽰,两个逗号之间最⼤的数为百位数形式。

①2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight。

②16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four。

英语数词和冠词

英语数词和冠词

英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。

如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。

如:a, an, the.4、数词:基数词,序数词。

英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。

1000→one(a) thousand,10000→ ten thousand,100000→one hundred thousand ,1000000→one million,10000000→ten million, 100000000→one hundred million,108→one hundred and eight, 146→one hundred and forty-six, 500→five hundred , 1001→one thousand and one, 1813→one thousand eight hundred and thirteen.[注]:(1)百位与十位之间要加and;十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加and。

(2) 英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。

(3) hundred、thousand、million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one, two, …等其它数词。

用作名词时复数表示“成…上…”,后面必须要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等词。

如:five hundred(五百), hundreds of(成百上千的), ten thousand(一万), thousands of(成千上万的), millions of(成百万的)4.2.序数词:表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

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连词用恰当连词完成下列各句,使其意思完整。

1.Five minutes earlier, _____ we could have caught the last train.2.They may go to London, but they are not certain__________.3.I have read one of this plays ______ a lot of his poems.4.Do what you have been told, ________ you will be punished.5.It is strange, _______ it is true.6.I asked her to stay for tea, ______ I had something to tell her.7.I remember _______ this used to be a quiet village.8.It will be hours _______ she comes back.9.I had no idea about it _______ he told me.10.Air to us is _______ water to fish.11.It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning gray.12.Never believe anything ________ any other person has believed it .Use your own mind. 13.It was _________ the weather was terribly bad that we had to put off the sports meet.14. Jack, I’m sorry to trouble you, could I ask you a question?15. ______ could theory do without practice,______ could practice do without theory.16. I am reading a novel,______ she is reading a letter.17. Something went wrong with my bike this afternoon,______ I walked home.18. ______ she did not speak distinctly ______ I did not hear well.19. Li Ping doesn't talk much,______ he thinks a lot.20. She must go out,______ the lights are out.21. I never saw him again,______ did I hear from him.22. We were about to leave ______ it began to rain.23. I often help him ______ he often helps me.24. It doesn't look like rain,______ you’d better take your umbrella with you.25. He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone patted him on the shoulder.26. ______ does he write well, ______ he also speaks well.27. It was some time ______ we realized the truth.28.She thought I was talking about her daughter,____ ,in fact,I was talking about my daughter.介词1.Mr. Smith set out _______USA last week.2.________ the correct leadership of the Party, we could not have succeeded.3.My aunt came back _________ three days.4.In this company we are paid _________ the month.5.She looks quite young __________ her age.6.You unlock the door ________ turning the key ________ right.7.He was very clever _________ carelessness.8.I like Mr. Miner's speech; it was clear and ______ the point.9.Ok, I’ll go now and buy two tickets Sunday night.10. We offered him our congratulations________ his passing the college entrance exams.11.Let’s walk _______ the sun.12. We’re all going to the games.Why don’t you come______ ?13. If you are worried about the problem,you should do something______ it.14.It’s so nice to go out for a walk______ a cool nice summer evening.15. I ran______ an old friend of mine yesterday,whom I hadn’t seen for ages.16. The scientist is well known____ us_____ his great achievement.17. This article is quite_______ me.There are too many new words18. Does John know any other foreign languages_____ French?19. —I don’t like reading_____ watching TV.What about you?—I don’t like reading all day,_____ I 1ike watching TV plays.20. _____ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year21.If you can talk the young man ____ leaning the computer, he will surely do better in his job.(1)T he death toll 1. __________ typhoon Hagupit in south China rose 2.__________ 10 as of 8 a.m. on Thursday, 3. _________ two still missing, the Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters said.According 4. _________ the office, Hagupit-triggered floods and high winds had affected 8.73 million residents and 400,000 hectares of crops 5. ________ southern Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The disaster toppled 18,500 houses and caused a direct economic loss 6. ______ 6.3 billion yuan (923.7 million U.S. dollars) there.7. _______ a separate report 8. _______ Thursday morning, the Ministry of Civil Affairs confirmed that typhoon Hagupit had caused five deaths and two missing in the two provincial-level regions as of 17:00 on Wednesday.Hagupit, the 14th strong typhoon of the year, landed in the city of Maoming of Guangdong at 6:45 on Wednesday morning 9 .__________ winds of more than 172.8 kilometers 10. ______ hour in its eye and downgraded to a severe tropical storm at 2 p.m..数词表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。

表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

一、基数词1)基数词写法和读法:345three hundred and forty-five;2) 基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如hundreds of people 指许多人b. 在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里;如:They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两的到达了。

c. 表示“几十岁”:in +one’s +数词复数He is in his seventies.d. 表示“年代”:in +the +数词复数in the 1970se. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.基数词的用法1)用作主语,如:It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number.2)用作表语,如:The boy is ten.3)用作宾语,如:The shop-assistant wears a nine on her uniform.4)用作定语,如:I have invited ten people to the party.5)作同位语,如: Are you two reading?6)作状语,如:I hate riding two on a bike.二、序数词序数词的构成:first, second ,third, fourth---fortieth不规则的序数词:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth序数词的缩写形式:first---1st ; second---2nd;third --- 3rd; thirty-first---31st序数词的用法1)用作主语,如:The first is better than the second.2) 用作表语,如:She was (the) fourth in the exam.3)用作宾语,如:She was among the first to arrive.4)用作定语,如:A third man entered the room.5)用作同位语,如:On Friday, the 10th instant, Mr. and Mrs. Cole celebrated their silver wedding-day.6) 用作状语,如:When did you first meet him?三、倍数的用法1)倍数表示法a. 主+谓+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + asb. 主+谓+倍数(分数)+ 比较级+ than…c1. 主+谓+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length…) of…c2. 主+谓+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length…) +定语从句d. 主+谓+倍数(分数)+ what 从句还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年粮食产量增加了4倍。

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