跨文化交际论文中外饮食文化差异(英文)
中西方饮食文化的差异英语作文初中
English Essay: Differences in Chinese and Western Food CulturesThe world is a vast tapestry woven with diverse cultures, each contributing its unique hues to the grand narrative. Among these, the differences in Chinese and Western food cultures stand out prominently, reflecting not only distinct culinary traditions but also profound cultural values and lifestyles.Firstly, the focus of meals holds a significant divergence. In Western cuisine, meals tend to be centered around a main course, often accompanied by side dishes and dessert. This structure emphasizes the importance of the main dish, which is often a hearty meat-based meal. Conversely, Chinese dining culture embraces a more communal approach, where a variety of dishes are served simultaneously, encouraging sharing and a diverse dining experience. Each dish, no matter how small, is considered essential to the overall meal's harmony.Secondly, the use of ingredients and cooking techniques varies greatly. Western cooking heavily relies on dairy products, such as butter, cheese, and cream, which add richness and depth to dishes. Meat, especially beef and pork, is also a staple. Chinese cuisine, on the other hand, boasts a vast array of ingredients, including vegetables, seafood, tofu, and various spices and herbs. Cooking techniques like stir-frying, steaming, and braising are preferred, emphasizing the natural flavors of the ingredients and preserving their nutritional value.Moreover, the role of utensils and dining etiquette differs. In Western settings, knives, forks, and spoons are the norm, reflecting a more individualistic approach to dining. Dining etiquette emphasizes proper table manners and the proper use of utensils. In contrast, Chinese dining often involves chopsticks, which not only facilitate the consumption of a wide range of foods but also symbolize unity and harmony, as diners share from a common platter. Dining etiquette in China focuses on respect for elders, timely serving of food, and maintaining a lively conversation during meals.Lastly, the concept of balance and harmony is paramount in Chinese cuisine, whereas Western cuisine tends to emphasize individual flavors and textures. Chinese cooking adheres to the principles of traditional Chinese medicine, where foods are classified according to their properties (hot, cold, neutral) and their effects on the body. Meals are carefully balanced to promote health and well-being. Western cuisine, while also striving for flavor combinations, does not necessarily adhere to such holistic principles.In conclusion, the differences between Chinese and Western food cultures are deeply rooted in their respective histories, traditions, and philosophies. Thesevariations not only enrich our dining experiences but also offer insights into the diverse ways in which cultures around the world approach food, nutrition, and social interaction.中文翻译：中西方饮食文化的差异世界是一幅由多元文化交织而成的壮丽画卷，每种文化都为这幅画卷增添了独特的色彩。
中西饮食文化不同英语作文
中西饮食文化不同英语作文The Differences Between Chinese and Western Food Culture。
Food is an essential part of every culture, and the differences between Chinese and Western food culture are particularly striking. From the ingredients used to the way meals are served, the two cultures have developed unique approaches to food that reflect their respective histories, values, and lifestyles.One of the most noticeable differences between Chinese and Western food culture is the use of ingredients. In Chinese cuisine, a wide variety of ingredients are used, including vegetables, meats, seafood, and tofu. Many dishes are also flavored with soy sauce, ginger, garlic, and other traditional Chinese seasonings. On the other hand, Western cuisine often relies on a smaller range of ingredients, with a heavy emphasis on meats, dairy products, and a limited selection of vegetables and herbs. The use of butter, cream, and cheese is also a defining feature of many Western dishes.Another key difference is the way meals are served. In China, it is common for all dishes to be placed on the table at once, allowing diners to sample a little of everything. This communal style of dining encourages sharing and creates a sense of togetherness. In contrast, Western meals are typically served in a series of courses, with a clear distinction between appetizers, main courses, and desserts. This formalized approach to dining reflects the emphasis on individual portions and personal choice in Western culture.The cultural significance of food is also distinct in Chinese and Western food culture. In China, food is deeply intertwined with tradition, symbolism, and social rituals. Many Chinese dishes are associated with specific festivals, ceremonies, and auspicious occasions, and certain foods are believed to bring good luck or prosperity. In Western culture, food is often linked to personal preferences, trends, and lifestyle choices. There is a strong emphasis on innovation and experimentation, leading to the creation of new fusion cuisines and culinary fads.Furthermore, the dining etiquette in Chinese and Western food culture differs significantly. In Chinese culture, it is polite to leave a small amount of food on the plate to show that the host has provided more than enough. This gesture conveys gratitude and respect for the generosity of the host. In Western culture, finishing all the food on the plate is generally seen as a sign of enjoyment and appreciation for the meal. Additionally, the use of chopsticks in Chinese cuisine and utensils in Western cuisine reflects the distinct cultural values and historical practices of each society.In conclusion, the differences between Chinese and Western food culture are multifaceted and deeply rooted in the history and values of each society. From the ingredients used to the way meals are served, the cultural significance of food, and dining etiquette, the two food cultures offer a fascinating contrast that reflects the diversity of human culinary traditions. Understanding and appreciating these differences can enrich our culinary experiences and foster greater cultural understanding and appreciation.。
跨文化交际论文中外饮食文化差异（英文）
Differences of Table Manners between China and WestChapter 1 IntroductionAs the economy and culture developing rapidly, having dinner is not only for people basic physical need, but also the important skill in social communication. Good manners and courtesy have become increasingly common understanding of the public. With the deepening of reform and opening up policy in China and the strengthening of communication between China and West, people have a great number of opportunities to have dinner with foreigners. A lot of table manners, such as arriving time, seat arrangement, and order of serving dishes, tableware, behaviour and communication, reflect different culture and life-style in nations or countries. There are many differences of table manners between China and western countries.It is extremely important for people to understand these differences to avoid making mistakes and promote the development of humanity culture and achieve interpersonal harmony in both countries.1Differences of Table Manners between China and WestChapter 2 Literature ReviewIt is a common sense that different countries have different cultures. Table manners, as a kind of social customs, are deeply influenced by culture and vary in many different kinds of areas. China has characteristic table manners with a long history, and western countries also have their own table manners. To some degree, having good table manners is a symbol of a nation’s civilization and an expression of a person’s moral cultivation.2Differences of Table Manners between China and WestChapter 3 Cultural Differences of Table Manners3.1 Arriving TimeAs we all know that Chinese people often arrive half an hour later than the predicted time and the host also seems to have prepares for that. When they are waiting for other guests, the host always arranges some games so that the guests who come earlier would not feel boring. While in western countries, people do things strictly and all the activities begin on time. People should arrive at the party on time especially the formal banquets. It is considered as impolite and contempt for the host and other guests if one arrives 10 minutes later.3.2 Seat ArrangementIn Chinese table manners, seating arrangement is the most important part. The seat of honor, reserved for the banquet’s master or the highest status’s guest, is in the center facing east or facing the door. And the other higher position guests sit closer tothe master of the banquet. The lowest position guests sit furthest from the seat of honor. If it is a round table, the one facing the door is the guest of honor. The seats on the left hand are second, and then in turn fourth and sixth and so on. The guests on the right hand are the same.While in western countries, it is different. When the hostess announced dinner is ready, male host will lead guests to the table in turn, and the hostess walks behind them. Some host will also place name card on the table to show the seat.3.3 Order of Serving DishesChinese meals usually begin with appetizers. There are often four or five kinds of appetizers, such as, cold meats, preserved eggs, smoked fish and vegetable relishes. All these food are arranged beautifully on separate dishes or on one large platter. Then the hot food should be served. There is an important rule to serve the whole duck, chicken and fish, which is don’t put the head and tail to the major seat. After the hot dishes, then comes the main course, rice. At last, desserts and fruits are provided to help digestion.In western countries, the first dish is appetizer as well. The second dish is soup. The third dish is fish dish. Meat and poultry dishes is the fourth dish, which also known as the main course. And the most representative is beef and steak. Salad can be a kind of side dish, which can be arranged either after or with the meat dish. The sixth dish is dessert, such as pudding, ice cream, cheese, fruit and so on. The final drink is coffee with cream or tea with sugar.3Differences of Table Manners between China and West3.4 TablewareChinese people mainly use bowl, chopsticks and spoons. Chopsticks are the most important tableware in China. While in serving English meals, they use so much tablewares with different kinds and sizes. There are different kinds of glasses, spoons, plates, bowls and knives. The main tablewares in western are knives, forks, spoons, glass and napkin.3.5 Behaviour and CommunicationWhen on the dinner table, Chinese people talked a lot and enjoy the delicious food at the same time, which means the hospitality and sincere of hostess. Because they believe that the lively atmosphere on the dinner table reflects the cheerful of guests and the warmth of family. While in western, during the dinner, people talked little and cut their own food in the plate quietly.4Differences of Table Manners between China and WestChapter 4 Main Factors Causing the Differences4.1 GeographyThe geographical location and the environment lead to the differences between Chinese and western cultures. People in different places will have differentbehaviours and cultures.4.2 TraditionWith thousands of years of Chinese traditional culture, we believe that we should take care of others and cooperate with others. Chinese people use cheap chopsticks as tableware which can reflect Chinese collective consciousness. In the book Culture on Dinner Table, Mr. Yi Zhongtian said that the core thought of Chinese culture is group consciousness while the western core thought is individual consciousness. The western culture, to be self-centered, the boundary between people is very clear and they usually do not allow mutual interference. That makes western table manners without sharing a plate of food. Knife and fork also can reflect individual consciousness, and noble west of life.4.3 CustomPeople from different countries have different cultures and customs, especially in the aspects such as greeting, thanks, apology, flattery, and making telephone calls. When Chinese invited guests to have dinner, the host always picks food for guests and tries his best to make guests eat and drink more. While in western countries, the host would just let their guests help themselves and they would never carry food to their guest’s bowl.5Differences of Table Manners between China and WestChapter 5 Trend of SyncretismNowadays, an increasing number of western restaurants appear in many cities in China and an increasing number of people like to have meals in it. People have gradually learned western table manners in their daily life. It is obvious that the Chinese diet conception is sensible, and the western diet idea is rational. Now, the difference seems to become blurred with the strengthening of communication between China and West and the development of science. Instead of paying attention to the color, flavor and taste of the food, Chinese people, like the westerners, pay more attention to its health and nutrition. This dissemination and development of western style food has unavoidably made great influence on Chinese food and beverage industry, which made Chinese style food trade change in the aspects of managing concept, management mode, productive means, personnel cultivation and so on.6Differences of Table Manners between China and WestChapter 6 ConclusionSocial background, historical and cultural differences lead to the differences between Chinese and Western table manners. To some extent, table manner is a reflection of the kind of lifestyle, and the formation of habits which can not be obtained in a short period of time. It is actually a kind of historical and cultural sedimentation and extension. Knowing the differences, people can easily understandthe culture of each other. In face of these differences, we should comprehend and respect their habits and culture and remember that every culture is equal to the other. Only recognizing cultural differences between China and West and making a reasonable and effective integration, can we establish a social cultural etiquette system of contemporary China and reach the ideal harmonious society.7Differences of Table Manners between China and WestReferences[1] 易中天. 餐桌上的文化[J]. 当代学生, 2004(10).[2] 杨柳,田丹丹,苑富山. 中美餐桌礼仪刍议[J]. 从餐桌礼仪看中西文化差异[J]. 硅谷, 2008(18).8。
中外餐桌文化差异英语作文
中外餐桌文化差异英语作文英文回答：One of the most notable differences between Chinese and Western dining cultures lies in their respective attitudes towards mealtime. In China, meals are typically seen as social gatherings, where friends and family come together to enjoy a leisurely and convivial dining experience. The emphasis is on sharing dishes and conversation, and meals can often extend for hours. In contrast, Western dining culture tends to place greater emphasis on individual dining experiences. Meals are often eaten alone or in small groups, and the focus is more on the food itself than on socializing.Another key difference between Chinese and Western dining cultures is the way in which food is served. In China, dishes are typically served family-style, meaning that they are placed in the center of the table and shared by all diners. This style of serving encourages a sense ofcommunity and togetherness. In contrast, Western dining culture typically involves serving food individually, with each diner receiving their own plate of food. This style of serving allows for more customization and control overone's own meal.The use of chopsticks is another distinctive feature of Chinese dining culture. Chopsticks are a versatile toolthat can be used to eat a wide variety of dishes, from noodles to rice to vegetables. Western dining culture, on the other hand, typically uses a fork and knife to eat food. Forks are used to spear food, while knives are used to cut food into smaller pieces.Finally, there are also differences between Chinese and Western dining cultures in terms of the types of food that are eaten. Chinese cuisine is known for its diversity and use of bold flavors, while Western cuisine is often more focused on simplicity and a balance of flavors. Chinese dishes often include a variety of meats, vegetables, and sauces, while Western dishes are often more likely tofeature a single main ingredient, such as a steak or apiece of fish.中文回答：中外餐桌文化差异巨大，主要体现以下方面。
中外用餐文化差异英文作文
中外用餐文化差异英文作文Eating culture varies greatly between different countries. In China, it's common to share dishes with everyone at the table, using chopsticks to pick up food. In Western countries, people usually have their own individual plates and use knives and forks to eat. 。
In China, it's considered polite to finish all the food on your plate as a sign of respect to the host. In contrast, in Western culture, it's acceptable to leave some food on your plate, as it shows that you are full and satisfied.In China, it's common to make a slurping noise while eating noodles, which is seen as a compliment to the chef. However, in Western countries, making noise while eating is generally considered rude and impolite.In China, it's customary to pour tea for others at the table before pouring for yourself, as a way of showing respect. In Western countries, people usually pour theirown drinks without much ceremony.In China, it's common to have a lazy Susan in the middle of the table, so that everyone can easily reach all the dishes. In Western countries, people pass dishes around the table or serve themselves from a buffet.In China, it's not common to tip in restaurants, asit's often included in the bill. In Western countries, tipping is a standard practice and is considered part of the overall dining experience.。
中西方饮食文化对比英语作文
中西方饮食文化对比英语作文英文回答：Comparison of Eastern and Western Food Cultures.Eastern and Western food cultures have evolved over centuries, shaped by a multitude of factors such as geography, climate, and cultural values. While bothcultures share some similarities, they also exhibitdistinct differences that reflect their unique culinary traditions.Emphasis on Freshness and Seasonality.In Eastern cuisine, freshness and seasonality are highly valued. Ingredients are often used in their raw or lightly cooked state to preserve their natural flavors. This emphasis on fresh produce is evident in dishes such as sushi, sashimi, and salads. In contrast, Western cuisine tends to use more processed and preserved ingredients,allowing for greater flexibility in preparation and storage.Balance and Harmony.Eastern cuisine is characterized by a focus on balance and harmony. Dishes often combine a variety of flavors and textures, such as sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. This balance is achieved through the careful selection and combination of ingredients, as well as the use of cooking techniques that preserve the natural flavors of each ingredient. Western cuisine, on the other hand, often emphasizes a single dominant flavor, such as saltiness or sweetness, and may use more intense seasonings and sauces.Communal Dining.In Eastern cultures, dining is often a communal experience, with meals shared among family and friends. Dishes are typically served in large portions and placed in the center of the table, allowing everyone to partake. This communal aspect fosters a sense of togetherness and sharing. Western cuisine, while not always communal, often involvessmaller portion sizes and individual plates, reflecting a more individualized approach to dining.Influence of Religion.Religion has played a significant role in shaping both Eastern and Western food cultures. In the East, Buddhismand Taoism have influenced the development of vegetarianand vegan diets. Hinduism has also introduced a wide rangeof spices and herbs to Indian cuisine. In the West, Christianity has influenced fasting practices and dietary restrictions during Lent and other religious holidays.Availability of Ingredients.The availability of ingredients has also shaped the development of Eastern and Western food cultures. Eastern cuisine has long been influenced by the abundance of rice, vegetables, and seafood in Asia. Western cuisine, on the other hand, has historically relied on wheat, meat, anddairy products, which were more readily available in Europe.Impact of Globalization.Globalization has led to increased interaction and exchange between Eastern and Western food cultures. Ingredients, dishes, and culinary techniques from both cultures have become more widely available and incorporated into new and innovative cuisines. This has contributed to a greater appreciation and understanding of both Eastern and Western culinary traditions.中文回答：东西方饮食文化对比。
中西方饮食文化差异英语作文
中西方饮食文化差异英语作文篇一：英语论文中西方饮食文化差异2012届本科毕业论文姓名：系别：专业：学号：指导教师：2012年5月The Differences of Dietary CulturesBetween China and the WestShangqiu Normal UniversityMay 2012摘要饮食是人们生存的根本，中西方都不例外。
饮食文化是民族文化的重要组成部分。
随着21世纪全球化进程，跨文化交际日益频繁，其中饮食文化成了东西方文化交流的最基本内容。
但是由于长期以来形成的生活环境、风俗习惯、价值观念的不同，中西方形成了各自不同的饮食文化。
由于饮食文化的不同，中西方人在交流的过程中有时会产生一些误解。
本文主要从中西方饮食观念、烹饪取材、饮食结构、烹饪方式以及上菜顺序等方面来论述中西方饮食文化差异，以促进中西方文化交际的顺利进行。
关键词：饮食；饮食文化；差异AbstractDiet is the base of living, with no exception in China or the West. Dietaryculture is an important part of the national culture. With the entrance of the 21st century, cross-cultural communication has become more and more frequent, among which dietary culture has been the most basic content. However, because of the differences in living environments, customs and value concepts China and the West have formed their own different dietary cultures. As a result, there appears some misunderstandings sometimes between Chinese and the Westerners in their communication. This paper will analyze the differences of dietary cultures between China and the West from dietary concepts, raw materials, dietary structures, cooking patterns and the order of serving dishes so as to facilitate the efficient communication between Chinese and Westerners.Key words: diet；dietary culture; differenceContents摘要...................................................................................................... (I)1 1IntroductionWith the entrance of the 21st century cross-cultural communication has been a more and more popular activity even among common people. However, because of the differences of areas, environments and customs, different nations have formed their specific cultures. Among the four aspects of clothing, eating, housing and behaving, Chinese people have got closer and closer to the Westerners in other three aspects except in eating. It is only in the aspect of eating that Chinese people have the biggest篇二：中西方饮食文化对比研究(英语专业毕业论文)LUOYANG NORMAL UNIVERSITY2014届本科毕业论文中西方饮食文化差异院（系）名称专业名称学学指完外国语学院英语（双学位）张杨子120722066生姓名号导成教时师间莫艳艳讲师2014年5月Luoyang Normal UniversityDifferent Food Cultures Between China and the WestA Thesis Submitted to Foreign Languages College ofLuoyang Normal University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Degree of Bachelor of ArtsBy Zhang Yangzi Supervisor：Mo YanyanMay 10, 2014中文摘要饮食文化在世界文化中起着十分重要的作用，不同的国家有自己不同的饮食文化特点。
中西方饮食文化的差异英文论文
中西方饮食文化的差异英文论文on chinese food cultureAs been well known,China is a huge country with a very long history .Of course ,Chinese food is famous and uniquearound the world .What are the differences between Chinese and Western food culture? I deem that this is a valuable topic.So I will focus on a few talk about this issue.China has 5000 years history. Chinese saying goes,Hunger breeds discontent.So Chinese people attach great importance tofood.For one thing, Chinese and Westerners are different concepts in the diet.chinese people are focus on the taste.theypursue all the Color, flavor and taste.but Western concept of rational diet.they pursue mutrition and they absorbCalorie and protein .Chinese people choice food very carefully. They only use fresh material in order to make deliciousfood.Western country like English or American, they don’t have fresh food because they buy their food from supermarketwhich only sells stored materials Chinese have a lot of ideas and techniques for cooking.For example, We can cook achicken in over ten ways and people can taste all them with relish.Western people do not have many skills for cooking,mostly they only boil, steam and bake the food.For another thing,chinese and westerners are different habbits in the diet.Terms of diet, consumption of vegetablesevery day in China much more than Westerners .Chinese like coarse grains, while Westerners prefer refined grains.Infact, whole grains contain more nutrients than refined grains;Chinese people love to eat vegetable oil, while Westernerslike to use cooking animal fat with high cholesterol, in addition to a daily intake is also a lot of butter.both urban and rural residents in China like soy milk, tofu, bean sprouts and other soy products, while Westerners areoften "stay away";No wonder Americans are particularly high rate of cardiovascular disease.Western people would also prefer fast food like burgers and chips. They are unhealthy to human body. . By the way,western people are very good at making desert and chocolate. They can make very good cake and chocolate. They are verysweet but it’s sort of food which make people become fat quickly.What's more ,chinese and westerners are different ways and etiquette in the diet.As well as I'm concerned,there is alsoa huge difference between Chinese and Western people,I think. Chinese people use chopsticks and western people use forkandknife.Chinese just use chopstickto pick things and pass it into their mouse . But western people who use fork andknife will use fork to hold the meat and cut it by knife and use fork to help to get that piece of meat into mouse.apart of this,Chinese people only have three meals during a day. But western people will have more, they have afternoontea. Usually they would have fruits, homemade cake, tea and cheese.Cultural differences in the Western diet is obvious, but have their own strengths .With economic globalization and theaccelerated flow of information changes, Chinese andWestern food culture will be continued integration in thecollision, complement each other in the fusion.Chinese food has now begun to focus on food, nutrition, health, science and cooking;Western also began to Chinese foodcolor, smell, taste, meaning and form the realm of development.Chinese and Western food culture in exchange for common development.。
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Chapter 1 IntroductionAs the economy and culture develop ing rapidly, hav ing dinner is not only for people basic physical n eed, but also the importa nt skill in social com muni cati on. Good manners and courtesy have become in creas in gly com mon un dersta nding of the public.With the deepening of reform and opening up policy in China and the stre ngthe ning of com muni cati on betwee n China and West, people have a great number of opportunities to have dinner with foreigners. A lot of table manners, such as arriv ing time, seat arran geme nt, and order of serv ing dishes, tableware, behaviour and com muni cati on, reflect differe nt culture and life-style in n ati ons or coun tries. There are many differe nces of table manners betwee n Chi na and western coun tries.It is extremely important for people to understand these differences to avoid making mistakes and promote the development of humanity culture and achieve in terpers onal harm ony in both coun tries.Chapter 2 Literature ReviewIt is a com mon sense that differe nt coun tries have differe nt cultures. Table manners, as a kind of social customs, are deeply in flue need by culture and vary in many different kinds of areas. China has characteristic table manners with a long history, and western coun tries also have their own table mann ers. To some degree, hav ing good table manners is a symbol of a nation's civilization and an expression of a pers on's moral cultivati on.Chapter 3 Cultural Differences of Table Manners3.1 Arriving TimeAs we all know that Chin ese people ofte n arrive half an hour later tha n the predicted time and the host also seems to have prepares for that. When they are waiting for other guests, the host always arran ges some games so that the guests who come earlier would not feel boring. While in western countries, people do things strictly and all the activities beg in on time. People should arrive at the party on time especially the formal banq uets. It is con sidered as impolite and con tempt for the host and other guests if one arrives 10 minutes later.3.2 Seat ArrangementIn Chinese table manners, seating arrangement is the most important part. The seat of honor, reserved for the banq uets master or the highest statu' guest, is in the cen ter facing east or facing the door. And the other higher position guests sit closer to the master of the banquet. The lowest position guests sit furthest from the seat of honor. If it is a round table, the one facing the door is the guest of honor. The seats on the left hand are sec ond, and the n in tur n fourth and sixth and so on. The guests on the right hand are the same.While in wester n coun tries, it is differe nt. Whe n the hostess announ ced dinner is ready, male host will lead guests to the table in turn, and the hostess walks behind them. Some host will also place name card on the table to show the seat.3.3 Order of Serving DishesChin ese meals usually beg in with appetizers. There are ofte n four or five kinds of appetizers, such as, cold meats, preserved eggs, smoked fish and vegetable relishes. All these food are arranged beautifully on separate dishes or on one large platter. Then the hot food should be served. There is an important rule to serve the whole duck, chicken and fish, which is don'tput the head and tail to the major seat. After the hot dishes, then comes the main course, rice. At last, desserts and fruits are provided to help digestio n.In wester n coun tries, the first dish is appetizer as well. The sec ond dish is soup. The third dish is fish dish. Meat and poultry dishes is the fourth dish, which also known as the main course. And the most represe ntative is beef and steak. Salad can be a kind of side dish, which can be arranged either after or with the meat dish. The sixth dish is dessert, such as pudding, ice cream, cheese, fruit and so on. The final drink is coffee with cream or tea with sugar.3.4 TablewareChinese people mainly use bowl, chopsticks and spoons. Chopsticks are the most important tableware in China. While in serving English meals, they use so much tablewares with differe nt kinds and sizes. There are differe nt kinds of glasses, spo ons, plates, bowls and knives. The main tablewares in western are knives, forks, spoons, glass and n apk in.3.5 Behaviour and CommunicationWhen on the dinner table, Chinese people talked a lot and enjoy the delicious food at the same time, which means the hospitality and sin cere of hostess. Because they believe that the lively atmosphere on the dinner table reflects the cheerful of guests and the warmth of family. While in western, during the dinner, people talked little and cut their own food in the plate quietly.Chapter 4 Main Factors Causing the Differences4.1 GeographyThe geographical location and the environment lead to the differences between Chinese and western cultures. People in different places will have different behaviours and cultures.4.2 TraditionWith thousands of years of Chinese traditional culture, we believe that we should take care of others and cooperate with others. Chinese people use cheap chopsticks as tableware which can reflect Chin ese collective con scious ness. In the booCulture on Dinner Table, Mr. Yi Zhongtian said that the core thought of Chinese culture is group con scious ness while the wester n core thought is in dividual con scious ness. The western culture, to be self-ce ntered, the boun dary betwee n people is very clear and they usually do not allow mutual interferenee. That makes western table manners without shari ng a plate of food. Knife and fork also can reflect in dividual con scious ness, and n oble west of life.4.3 CustomPeople from different countries have different cultures and customs, especially in the aspects such as greeti ng, tha nks, apology, flattery, and making teleph one calls. When Chinese invited guests to have dinner, the host always picks food for guests and tries his best to make guests eat and drink more. While in western countries, the host would just let their guests help themselves and they would n ever carry food to their guest's bowl.Chapter 5 Trend of SyncretismNowadays, an increasing number of western restaurants appear in many cities in China and an increasing number of people like to have meals in it. People have gradually learned western table manners in their daily life. It is obvious that the Chin ese diet con ceptio n is sen sible, and the wester n diet idea is rati on al. Now, the differe nee seems to become blurred with the stre ngthe ning of com muni cati on betwee n China and West and the developme nt of scie nee. In stead of pay ing atte nti on to the color, flavor and taste of the food, Chinese people, like the westerners, pay more attention to its health and nutrition. This dissemination and development of western style food has un avoidably made great in flue nee on Chin ese food and beverage in dustry, which made Chin ese style food trade cha nge in the aspects of man agi ng con cept, man ageme nt mode, productive means, pers onnel cultivati on and so on.Chapter 6 ConclusionSocial backgro und, historical and cultural differe nces lead to the differe nces betwee n Chin ese and Western table mann ers. To some exte nt, table manner is a reflecti on of the kind of lifestyle, and the formation of habits which can not be obtained in a short period of time. It is actually a kind of historical and cultural sedimentation and exte nsion. Knowing the differe nces, people can easily un dersta nd the culture of each other. I n face of these differe nces, we should comprehe nd and respect their habits and culture and remember that every culture is equal to the other. Only recognizing cultural differe nces betwee n China and West and making a reas on able and effective in tegratio n, can we establish a social cultural etiquette system of con temporary Chi na and reach the ideal harm onious society.References[1] 易中天.餐桌上的文化[J].当代学生，2004(10).[2] 杨柳,田丹丹，苑富山.中美餐桌礼仪刍议[J].内江师范学院学报，2008(01).[3] 余琳，周游.从餐桌礼仪看中西文化差异[J].硅谷，2008(18).。