张良卫国际海上运输第二章

Generally high value cargo that need extra protection However, the ranges of containerized cargo is expending …
Container for bulk cargo
Cargo Type Trade Characteristics Cargo, Trade and Ship Characteristics
Modes of transportation
Maritime (Ocean) Transportation Air Transportation Rail Transportation Road Transportation Pipeline Transportation
Container Transportation International Multimode Transportation (IMT) Parcel Post Transportation
Large capacity Low cost Easy passage: not restricted by road or rails
Disadvantages
Slow Vulnerable to bad weather Less punctual
Cargo types
98% of world trade in volume terms conveyed by sea transport
General Cargo
Break-bulk Varied small consignments, Numerous consignees, Slow handling rates, Various routes, Numerous ports More uniform cargo, Rapid handling, Many ports
Oil products
Small to medium
Maritime transport facility and infrastructure
vessels channels ports
Vessel types (by function )
Container vessels 集装箱船 p267 Ro/ Ro vessels 滚装船 Break-bulk vessels 杂货船 Combination vessels 多用途船 LASH (Lighter Aboard Ship)载驳船 Oil tankers 油船 Bulk/ Ore vessels 散货船 Refrigerated ship冷藏船
Truck Equivalency
57.7
3.8
100 car train unit
10,000 Tons 350,000 Bushels 3,024,000 Gallons
26 Tons; 910 Bushels 7,865 Gallons 9,000 for a tanker truck
384.6
Semi-trt-panamax containership
5,000 TEU
300,000 tons 2 million barrels of oil
2,116
VLCC
9,330
747-400F
124 tons
5
Ocean Transportation
Advantages
Crude Oil Tankers Dry Bulk Carriers
Size of vessels --measured by Dead Weight Tonnage--D.W.T. 载重吨
D.W.T. is referred to the carrying capacity in transportation. It refers to the amount of cargo that can be loaded on an empty ship without exceeding its operational design limits. It can be divided into 2 classes: gross D.W.T. and net D.W.T.
Performance Comparison for Selected Freight Modes
Vehicle Barge Hopper car Capacity
1500 Tons 52,500 Bushels 453,600 Gallons 100 Tons 3,500 Bushels 30,240 Gallons
Ton-km Shipped by Maritime Transportation (in billions)
2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1995 1990 1985 1980 1970
Oil Iron Ore Coal Grain Containers and other 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000
1)Gross Dead Weight Tonnage 总载重吨
1)Gross Dead Weight Tonnage 总载重吨 It refers to the maximum loaded weight that is restricted with the loaded line. It is the total of the weight of loaded cargoes, necessary fuel, freshwater and other spare material. Total loaded tonnage = full load displacement– light displacement
2)Dead Weight Cargo Tonnage--D.W.C.T. 净载重吨 It refers to the maximum weight of loaded cargoes that a ship is capable of transporting. It is also called as loadedcargo tonnage. It is the margin of the amount of necessary storage of fuel, freshwater and other spare material subtracted from the total of shipload.
Bulk cargo 散货 Break-bulk cargo 杂货 Neo-bulk cargo 件装货 Containerized cargo 集装箱货
Bulk cargo (散货）
Bulk cargo is commodity cargo that is transported unpackaged in large quantities.
Dry bulk cargo such as coal, grain, iron, cement Liquid bulk cargo such as petroleum, liquefied natural gas (LNG)
Move in big quantities Many of them are unprocessed raw material with low value per unit weight requires special vessels with the right equipment to load and discharge the cargo this cargo generally has a single origin, destination and client
Vessel Size
Small
Unitized (containers)
Small to medium
Dry Bulk
Ores/coal/cemet Large consignments, Long hauls, Moderate handling rates, Specialized terminals, Few ports Medium to very large
Vessel types ( by size , in dead weight tons)
Handy Handymax Panamax Capesize Aframax Suezmax VLCC ULCC
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000 500,000
Chapter two
Maritime Cargo Transportation
Maritime Cargo Transportation
charateristics of maritime shipping cargo types of maritime shipping maritime transport facility and infrastructure (vessels, channels and ports) maritime shipping services operation of maritime shipping
Neo-bulk cargo 件装货
Uniformly packaged goods, such as automobiles and logs, which store as solidly as bulk, but that are handled as general cargo.
Containerized cargo
Liquid
Crude oil Very large consignments, Long hauls, Few routes, Specialized terminals, Few ports Small shipments, Numerous consignees, Many ports Very large to ultra large