《英美概况一》练习题一

《英美概况（一）》练习题一一、1. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences by referring to the text.1)The literature career of Bronte sisters has close relationship with one of the geographic features inYorkshire County, where they were born and raised, which is _______.2)The river ________ in UK has been an important trade and transport route since prehistoric times.3)The overall climate in England is called temperate ________.4)The Anglo-Saxons spoke a language that we now call______.5)Following the Wars of the Roses was the rule of the House of the_________.6)On July 7th, 1937, Japan began an all-out attack on _____.7)On December 7th, 1941, Japan's planes from carriers at sea made a swift and sudden raid on the UnitedStates' naval base at ________.8)Britain, under the leadership of _______, defeated Germany's attempt to destroy its air force and airdefenses in the Battle of Britain and escaped invasion.9)Margaret Thatcher gained her reputation as “the ________ lady” for her tight control of Britain'smonetary policy.10) The British Parliament is often referred to as ________--- the body that makes or unmakes laws.11)The Church of England today is all-inclusive, having the ability to be both Protestant and ________.12)Buddhism was originated in ______ about 500 B.C.13)Overseas commodity trade alone accounts for about _________ of the country's national income.14)There are three academic degrees in Britain: the_______, Master's degree and Doctor's degree.15)The best-known scientific achievement in the nineteenth century was Charles Robert Darwin'sdevelopment of a theory of ____ .2. Decide whether the following statements are True or False.1)Among the three regions of UK, Scotland is the largest in size.2)For ninety-six years after the nominal conquest by Julius Caesar, Britain was left in peace and freedom.3)The Chartists advocated violence.4)There was no advertising on any BBC program, either sound or television.5) It can be said that the Thatcher Era is the longest ministry of last century in UK.6)The life of Parliament in UK is fixed at five years.7) A lot of people in UK regularly attend church. （三-9 五-19）8)The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized. （四-19。

二-8 三-18）9)The British labor force is remarkably homogeneous.（二-7 三-17）10)In UK all children must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of five to sixteen.11) To the southwest and across the English Channel is France.12) The Norman Conquest was in effect a French conquest.13)The Great Charter was not a feudal document.14)The United States had not entered the First World War until 1917.15)The Queen reigns but she does not rule.16)In Britain, "government" and "cabinet" mean the same things.17)It can be said that most people in the UK are Christians.18)Sunday newspapers are read for their stories and other features rather than their news items.19)When you are invited to dinner in a person's home in UK, you should arrive early.20)Almost all the national papers are published in London.3. Explain in your own words the following terms.1) Black Death2) Qur’an4．Answer the following questions.1) What are the two results of the Enclosure Movement?2) Explain in your own words the main principles of "Thatcherism".二、1. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences by referring to the text.1)The city of _______ is the capital of England and the UK.2)London has a history that spans nearly _______ years.3)London is made up of two ancient cities that are joined together. They are the City of London and theCity of________.4)By the end of the 7th century England was divided into a number of kingdoms, considered by historiansto have been seven and therefore the _________.5)The British slave traders also got a lot of money in their _______ trade．6)The basic point of the People’s Charter is ________ as Marx has pointed out．7)After the Pacific War broke out, there were two war arenas in the world. One w as _______ arena; theother was the Pacific arena.8)The Allies during the World War I refer to countries including England, France and_______.9) Mrs. Thatcher continued her policies of tight economic control, the______of industry and "dismantling"of the welfare state.10)The House of ______ is the oldest part of Parliament. It evolved from a council.11)According to the British law, there must be the presence of the ______ in most of the trials. Its job isdeciding whether the accused person is guilty or innocent in the light of evidence.12)The doctrine of Buddhism is found in the Buddhist _______.13)Islam was founded in the _______ Peninsula in the early 7th century by Mohammed.（四-12）14)Britain's main cereal crop is ______.15)The _________ University is perhaps the cheapest and most far-reaching method yet found of spreadinghigher education.2. Decide whether the following statements are True or False.1）Among the three regions of UK, England is the smallest in size and population.2) During the Roman occupation, the English upper classes were not Romanized.3)The Hundred Years’ War ended with victory for the English.4)On August 6th and 9th, 1945, the US dropped two atom bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,killing over 200 000 Japanese people.5)When the program of nationalization was complete, only little percent of the British economy stillremained in private hands.6)Religion is playing an increasingly more important role in the social life of Britain.7)The British labor force is remarkably homogeneous.8)The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized.9) British achievements in scientific research have all been turned into productive forces so far as mostof the industries are concerned.10) The BBC is an independent public corporation.11)Historically, most people in Britain have lived in the lowland zone rather than in the harsher highlandzone.12)Joan of Arc was an eighteen-year-old girl in France who gathered an army around her to fight against theEnglish during the Hundred Years’ War．13)The Wars of the Roses got such a name because they were a series of war fighting over the ownership ofroses.14)The Second World War was not an anti-fascist war.15)Reebok is one of Britain's oldest shoe companies.16)There is no civil code or criminal code so far as the British law is concerned.17)Jesus had placed the Jewish idea of the Kingdom of God at the center of his teaching, but gave theidea a new spiritual universal meaning.18)The British labor force is remarkably homogeneous.19)Darwin’s theory of evolution was well received by people of his time.20)The BBC is an independent public corporation.3. Explain the following terms.1) Julius Caesar2) the Crown4．Answer the following questions.1) “British history has been a history of invasion”. Please explain this point.2) Explain briefly Charles Robert Darwin's theory of evolution. （二-3）三、1. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences by referring to the text.1)_______ is the largest clock in Britain and has kept exact time for the nation since May 1859.2)__________ is England's second largest city.3)_________ is the capital of Scotland.4)In the period of the Heptarchy, there was a king called Egbert, the king of Wessex, who began to callhimself “King of the __________”.5)The Industrial Revolution was not only a technological revolution but also a great _______ upheaval.6)The Central Powers during the World War I refer to countries including Germany, Austria and ______.7)The First World War broke out on July 28th, ____ and ended on November 11th, 1918.8)In July 1978, British doctors at London's Oldham Hospital created the world's first “________ baby”,Louis Brown.9) The 1990s saw the birth of the famous sheep _____ (the first mammal produced from a donor cell takenfrom an adult rather than from an embryo).10) The members of the House of Commons are not appointed, but _______ at the present time.11) In terms of the nature of court cases, we can also divide the courts into two systems: the CivilCourts and the _______ Courts.12)Buddhism is mainly distributed over Southern and Eastern ______.13)The Salvation Army preaches and does ______ work among the poor.14)Before World War II the industrial structure of the United Kingdom was based largely on ______developed in the 19th century.15)The system of individual tuition organized by the colleges is referred to as _______ system.2. Decide whether the following statements are True or False.1)Historically, most people in Britain have lived in the lowland zone rather than in the harsher highlandzone.2)Joan of Arc was an eighteen-year-old girl in France who gathered an army around her to fight against theEnglish during the Hundred Years’ War．3)The Wars of the Roses got such a name because they were a series of war fighting over the ownership ofroses.4)The Second World War was not an anti-fascist war.5)Reebok is one of Britain's oldest shoe companies.6)There is no civil code or criminal code so far as the British law is concerned.7)Jesus had placed the Jewish idea of the Kingdom of God at the center of his eaching, but gave the idea anew spiritual universal meaning.8)The British labor force is remarkably homogeneous.9)Darwin’s theory of evolution was well received by people of his time.10)The BBC is an independent public corporation.11)Among the three regions of UK, England is the smallest in size and population.12)During the Roman occupation, the English upper classes were not Romanized.13)The Hundred Years’ War ended with victory for the English.14)On August 6th and 9th, 1945, the US dropped two atom bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,killing over 200 000 Japanese people.15)When the program of nationalization was complete, only little percent of the British economy stillremained in private hands.16)Religion is playing an increasingly more important role in the social life of Britain.17)The British labor force is remarkably homogeneous.18)The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized.19)British achievements in scientific research have all been turned into productive forces so far as most ofthe industries are concerned.20)The BBC is an independent public corporation.3. Explain the following terms.1) William the Conqueror （四-1）2) No 10 Downing Street4．Answer the following questions.1) How do you explain the fact that in UK the Queen reigns but she does not rule?2）Point out two main features of the British Economy.《英美概况（一）》练习题二一、1. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences by referring to the text.1)Liverpool is the second largest ______ of England.2)________ is the capital of Wales.3)The national anthem of UK is ________.4)Around the turn of the 8th century northern warriors, called _______, invaded England.5)________ is considered the greatest Old English poem.6)King John in 1215 signed a document, called the “Magna Carta” or “the Great ________”. （五-6）7)After the close of the war, twenty-seven victorious nations (including China) attended ________ onJanuary 18th, 1919.8)Hitler and the Nazis broke ________ Treaty when they began to reorganize the German war industry.9)The head of House of Commons is the ______ or President of the Chamber.10)The stronger party forms the Government and the weaker the ________.11)We can divide the judicial organizations in UK roughly into two levels: the central courts and the______ courts.12)Islam was founded in the _______ Peninsula in the early 7th century by Mohammed.（二-13）13)At the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, many Puritans suffered from_________, and some of them went to America as immigrants.14)In some industries, such as iron and steel and coal mining, concentration was brought about not bymarket forces but by political decisions i.e. by ________.15）The world famous universities, Oxford University and ________ University, are the oldest ones dating from 1167 and 1284.2. Decide whether the following statements are True or False.1)Historically, most people in Britain have lived in the lowland zone rather than in the harsher highlandzone.2)The Hundred Years’ War ended with victory for the English.3)Because of the Enclosure Movement, whole villages disappeared and thousands of peasants wereexpelled from the land and became vagabonds and beggars．4)In July 1946, Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union met at Potsdam to formulate an occupationpolicy and set up a program for the future of Germany. That meeting was the famous Potsdam Conference.5)Margaret Thatcher was not the first female Prime Minister in the UK history.6)The death penalty for murder was still in practice in UK.7)The House of Lords is the highest civil court.8)Christianity has molded the shape of Western civilization.9)The life of Parliament in UK is fixed at five years.10)Public schools are available to a large section of the population.11)London's fame and fortune is due its river.12)The Hundred Years’ War refers to a series of wars between France and England throughout the 11th and12th centuries．13)The Industrial Revolution started during the early part of the 18th century.14)The BBC is financed by payments from all people who possess TV sets.15)Local papers contain news of national interest and are sold nationwide.16)The official head of Parliament is not the Queen.17)There is no Minister of Justice in the British Government.18)The symbol of Buddhism is not the Lotus.19)The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized.20)It can be said that the British government operates no schools, employs no teachers, nor does it controluniversities.3. Explain the following terms.1) William the Conqueror （三-1）2) Jesus Christ4．Answer the following questions.1) What is the first thing one will notice about the British law?2) Explain briefly Charles Robert Darwin's theory of evolution.（五-2）二、1. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences by referring to the text.1)The earliest invasion of UK is that by the dark-haired Mediterranean race called Iberians; the last is bythe ________.2)The Welsh and Irish are the descendents of the _______ who came to England before the Romans.3)The English people are the descendents of ______ who came to England after the Romans left Britain in410 AD.4)King Alfred of Wessex, was considered ____________ for his fight against the Danes.5)On Christmas Day 1066 Duke William, known in history as William the _________, was crowned inWestminster Abbey.6)King John in 1215 signed a document, called the “Magna Carta” or “the Great ________”. （四-6）7)In September 1939, Germany launched a _______ attack on Poland.8)The capital of the Northern Ireland is ______.9)Margaret Thatcher gained her reputation as “the ________ lady” for her tight control of Britain'smonetary policy.10)The Prime Minister works and lives in his or her famous residence, ____________ where the Cabinetmeets and the Prime Minister receive foreign guests, meets delegations and does other work.11) Mohammed preached that ______ is the sole sovereign.12) The Church of England has the Archbishop of _________ as its spiritual leader.13) The proportion employed in agriculture subsequently fell much further and is smaller than that in anyother European country, but the corresponding expansion occurred mostly in commerce and the service industries rather than in________.14) Any child in UK may attend, without paying fees, until they are eighteen. Education at this stageis _______.15) The Queen ________ but she does not rule.2. Decide whether the following statements are True or False.1)1）London's fame and fortune is due its river.2)The Hundred Years’ War refers to a series of wars betw een France and England throughout the 11th and12th centuries．3)The Industrial Revolution started during the early part of the 18th century.4)The BBC is financed by payments from all people who possess TV sets.5)Local papers contain news of national interest and are sold nationwide.6)The official head of Parliament is not the Queen.7)There is no Minister of Justice in the British Government.8)The symbol of Buddhism is not the Lotus.9)The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized.10) It can be said that the British government operates no schools, employs no teachers, nor does itcontrol universities.11)Historically, most people in Britain have lived in the lowland zone rather than in the harsher highlandzone.12)The Hundred Years’ War ended wi th victory for the English.13)Because of the Enclosure Movement, whole villages disappeared and thousands of peasants wereexpelled from the land and became vagabonds and beggars．14)In July 1946, Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union met at Potsdam to formulate an occupationpolicy and set up a program for the future of Germany. That meeting was the famous Potsdam Conference.15)Margaret Thatcher was not the first female Prime Minister in the UK history.16)The death penalty for murder was still in practice in UK.17)The House of Lords is the highest civil court.18)Christianity has molded the shape of Western civilization.19)The life of Parliament in UK is fixed at five years.20)Public schools are available to a large section of the population.3. Explain the following terms.1) Normandy2) the “public school”4．Answer the following questions.1) What are the main causes of the breakout of the World War I ?2) Point out two main features of the British worship?。