第十二讲 非谓语动词

非谓语动词动词不定式一、看例句，想规则1. Do you have any clothes to be washed today, Sir?2. He loves parties. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.3 I regret to you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.4. What does the librarian permit to take out of the library?5. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness to be made.6. He agrees to go with us.7. They didn’t allow us to enter the hall.8. My job is to teach English.9. I have a letter to answer.10. He goes there to enjoy the fresh air.11. I went to the classroom only to discover it empty.12. To tell you the truth, I don’t like it.（一）动词不定式1. 结构：一般式：to do (被动:to be done)；进行式：to be doing (表示正在发生的动作）；完成式：to have done(表示该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，强调“已经发生”）；否定式：not to do2. 作用(成份)：不定式常用作以下成分：1) 主语：亦可用it作形式主语，构成It is/was + adj (for/of sb)to do sth的句型。

2) 宾语：可以接不定式的常见动词有：hope, wish, decide, intend, expect, plan, determine, manage, refuse, fail, pretend, promise等；也可用it作形式宾语，常与feel, consider, find, believe, think, suppose, regard 等连用，构成句型：动词+it+名词或形容词+to do。

I feel it my duty to help the old. I consider it important to study English.3)宾补：主要用于解释、说明宾语，常与动词ask, tell, teach, get, force, want, need, allow, forbid, permit, advise, persuade等连用，构成句型：动词+sb+to do。

He asked me to hand in the paper before 5.I need you to come here before 5.4) 定语：主要用于对名词的修饰，放在名词的后面。

如：have sth. to do; there be sth. to do等，表“要做”。

名词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时(名词就是动词不定式的逻辑主语或宾语)。

He is always the first (one) to arrive and the last to leave. This is the best advice to be given. I have a pen to write with.5) 表语：主语通常是名词；be动词之后；表计划或安排等。

结构：主语(名词)+be+to do。

My plan is to have a walk in the park after the test.6) 状语：表示目的，原因，结果(only to do)等。

7) 作独立成分：常用的这类短语有：to tell you the truth , to be frank（坦白地说）, to be exact（确切地说）, to begin with（首先）, to make things worse（使事情更糟糕的是）等。

3. 注意：1) only/never to do sth 表示出乎意料的结果。

I arrived at the station only to find the train had left.2)为了避免重复，可以省略不定式后的内容但保留不定式符号to，但当结构中含有be，have时则不可省略。

He did as told.(as he was told to do) He didn't finish the work, but he pretended to have(=to have finished the work). He isn't a teacher, but he pretends to be.(=to be a teacher)巩固练习：一、选择11. ______, he had a car accident and was seriously injured.A. Make things worseB. To make things worseC. Make things badD. To make things bad12. Who will you get ______ the project for us?A. designB. to designC. designedD. designing13. There are five pairs ______, but I’m at a loss which to buy.A. to be chosenB. to choose fromC. to chooseD. for choosing14. The students expected there ______ more reviewing classes before the exam.A. isB. to beC. beingD. have been15. She would rather leave for New York ______ in Los Angeles.A. to stayB. than stayC. than stayingD. to staying16. --- Are the problems easy? --- No, in fact I found ______.A. them hard to solveB. it hard to solveC. it hard to be solvedD. hard to solve them.17. To get the job, ______.A. it is required that one should be qualifiedB. a bachelor’s degree is necessaryC. one needs to have basic knowledge in electricityD. some requirements should be met18. In the end, the poor man found a shabby cottage ______.A. to liveB. to live inC. liveD. living in19. All she did was ______ to her parent’s expectation.A. to live upB. live upC. living upD. lived up20. He was seen ______ the house by the back door that morning.(see/watch/notice/observe/hear/make sb do被动语态：be seen/watched/noticed/observed/made to do)A. enterB. to enterC. enteringD. to be entering动名词一、看例句，想规则1. Tony was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.2. My younger sister suggested me visiting the Summer Palace first.3. Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.4. We should think of ways to stop the waste from the factory from polluting our living environment.5. His job is looking after sheep.二、1. I would appreciate ________(you, call) back this afternoon.2. --- What should we do with the empty bottles? --- Our teacher advises _______ (sell)them.3. When he knocked at the door, my mother was busy ____(prepare) supper.4. It is no good ______(leave) today’s work for tomorrow.5. You will soon get used to ______ (eat)a large breakfast in England.6. Excuse me for _____ (come)in without ______(ask).7. People couldn’t help ______ (laugh)at the foolish girl.8. “What do you think of the book?”“Oh, excellent, it’s worth _______ (reading)a second time.”9. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ (correcting)them.10. I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like _____(throw)up.归纳总结1. 结构：一般式：doing,被动式: being done；完成式：having done(强调“已经发生/做完”),被动式：having been done否定式：not doing2. 作用(成份)：主语、宾语（动词、介词宾语）、定语（表功能、类别）、表语3. 注意：1) 只跟v-ing作宾语的常见动词有：admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, quit, suggest, understand, be worth, stand, give up, feel like, insist on, succeed in, set about等。