增词法教案
第九讲-增词法(1)PPT课件

5.增补副词 Eg. 1) The crowds melted away. 人群渐渐散开了。 2)On hearing the sad news, she sank down onto the
bed and burst out crying. 听到噩耗,她一屁股坐到床上,嚎啕大哭起来。
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6.增补名量后
Eg. 1)He got his doctor’s degree at Cambridge in 2002. 2002年他在剑桥大学获得了博士学位。
2)At day’s end Tom headed home in his Ford. 日暮时分,汤姆驾驶着他的福特轿车往家里赶。 (4)在抽象名词之后(表范畴)
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14
.
8
7.增补语气词
Eg.1)Don’t take it seriously. I’m just joking. 别当真嘛,我不过是开个玩笑罢了。 2)Do what I say— or else! 照我说的做,不然的话——哼! 3) As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning. 我呢,从一开始就不赞成。 8.增补概括词 Eg.1)China and Canada have reached an
4第四章 增词法

3) Amplification by Supplying Necessary Connectives 增加连词 • Heated, water will change into vapor. • 水如受热就会汽化。 • Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it. • 因为空气具有重量 ,所以处在空气中的任何物体 都会受到空气的作用力 。
解释性增词
定义
• 解释性增词指为使译文语义明确,根据意义上的 需要在译文中增加原文中没有的词。
类别
• 1)解释文化背景 • 2)修辞和连贯 • 3)汉语四字结构
1)解释文化背景
• The young man dressed like so pleasing a Cupid in the masquerade .
结构性增词
定义
• 结构性增词是指为了使译文的语言结构更加完整、 通顺的增词。
类别
• 1)结构完整(逻辑增词) • 2)语法需要 • 3)增加连词
1) Amplification by Supplying Words Omitted in the Original & Amplification by Logical Thinking • The sports meet is scheduled for April 16. • 运动会定于4月16日举行。 • In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions , he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué . • 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会和观看乒乓球表演 以后 ,他还得起草最后公报。
汉英增词法

End of the class!
1.4 增加冠词 1)她不把他当阿公,而当作亲爹。 She considered him not as father-in-law but as father. (a; a) 2)我们对问题要作全面分析,才能解决妥当。 We must make comprehensive analysis of the problem before it can be properly solved. (a)
5)她用手蒙住脸,好象是为了保护眼睛。 She covered face with hands, as if/though to protect eyes. (her; her/the; her) 6)孩子们天天带午饭到学校去吃。 The children take lunch to school every day. (their) 7)我们的心永远向着祖国。 Our hearts are always towards motherland. (our)
3)把这些故事看完后,用你自己的话叙述一 遍。 After have read these stories, tell in your own words. (you; them) 4)我们响应了祖国的号召。 We responded to the call of motherland. (our)
汉英增词法 Addition
contents
一、为了保证语法结构的完整性 1.1 增加代词 1.2 增加连词 1.3 增加介词 1.4 增加冠词 二、为了保证译文意思更加明确 2.1 增加文中暗含的意思 2.2 添加注释性的词语 2.3 增加概括性的词
一、为了保证语法结构的完整性 1.1 增加代词 汉语中有许多无主句,英语则一般需要主语。另外, 汉语中很多名词前都没有代词,译成英语时需要增 补。 1)收到大作,十分高兴。 am very glad to have received writing. (I; your) 2)没有调查就没有发言权。 who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (He)
第4讲_英汉翻译中的增词法和减词法(2014)解析

教学要点与要求 1.什么是增词法和减词法 2.增词法和减词法的适用范围
理据
英汉两种语言由于表达方式不同,翻译时要在 词量上进行增减。
所谓增词,就是要根据上下文的意思、逻辑关 系以及目的语的表达习惯,增加词量,以表达 原文字面没有出现但实际已经包含的意思, 而减词就是减去原文有,但目的语表达用不着, 且减去也不影响原文意思表1.2.4 几个成分并列
The changes of requirements for the commodities in the market are affected by the internal and external factors. 商品市场需求的变化情况受内因和外因两方面 因素影响。
1.2 语义的需要(意义表达) 1.2.1 抽象名词
(1) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。 (2) Due care must be taken to ensure that the pulse signal itself shall show no irregularities and no interruptions. 应注意保证脉冲信号本身不出现不规则现象和中断现象。
原文可改译为:
过去还从来没有发生过联邦调查局的退休特工 被指控同一些自以为聪明的家伙一起参与谋杀的 事。这样的事根本不应该发生,这太令人吃惊了。
原文:People all sympathized with her as she was married to a rich man and she loved a laborer on the farm 译文?:人们都同情她,因为她嫁了个有钱人, 可是她爱的是农场的一个工人。 改译: 人们都很同情她,因为她被迫嫁了个有钱人,而 她爱着一个农场工人。
大学英语翻译增词法教案简介PPT

2
我们不后退,我们从没有后退过,将来也绝不后退。
He remembered the incident, as had his wife (…).
3
他记得这件事,他的妻子早就记起了。
(三)增补原文比较句中的省略部分
1) The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress. 原文全句:The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were
的名词。
4.在具体名词后面增加 名词
当具体名词表达抽象概念 时,翻译适当增加一些合
适的名词。
To persuade 说服 persuasion 说服工作
To prepare 准备 preparation 准备工作
tense
紧张 tension
紧张局势
In the summer of 1969, the Adminidtration publicly
(ready to serve) their own mistress. 仆人们愿意服侍她,就像他们愿意服侍他们的女主人一样。
2)Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 原文全句:It is better to be wise by the defeat of others (than
to be wise by the defeat of) your own. 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。
Thank you
增 词
法
CONTENTS
Part Ⅰ 根据意义上或修辞上的需要 Part Ⅱ 根据句法上的需要
英汉翻译中的增词法和减词法解析PPT学习教案

第13页/共50页
1.1 语法的需要(英汉差异) 汉语量词却是外国学生经常用错的地方。如:
“在果园里我们摘了五苹果。” “我们班上一学生病了。” 把“我给你一把锄头”说成“我给你一锄头”。 又如:把“一只鸟”说成“一条鸟”, 把“一张纸”说成“一个纸”。
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1.2 语义的需要(意义表达)
1.2.2 分词短语、独立结构
Using a transformer, power at low voltage can be transformed into power at high voltage.
如果使用变压器,低压电就能转 换成高压电。
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1.2.1 抽象名词
arrogance jealousy transition preparation tension backwardness
oxidation correctness hostility complexity madness remedy
自满情绪 嫉妒心理 演变过程 准备工作 紧张局势 落后状态
原文可改译为:
过去还从来没有发生过联邦调查局的退休特工 被指控同一些自以为聪明的家伙一起参与谋杀的 事。这样的事根本不应该发生,这太令人吃惊了。
第9页/共50页
原文:People all sympathized with her as she was married to a rich man and she loved a laborer on the farm
英汉翻译中的增词法和减词法解析
会计学
1
理据
英汉两种语言由于表达方 式不同,翻译时要在词量上进 行增减。
增词法和减词法

• 7. 天气这样闷,十之八九要下雨。
• With the weather so stuffy, ten to nine it will rain. • 8. 所有公民在法律面前一律平等。
before an expert carpenter. • 2.三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。 • Three cobblers with their wits combined
equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.
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• 3. 这对年轻夫妇并不相配,一个是西施, 一个是张飞。
• All citizens are equal before law.
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•End of the class!
2021/6/2
结算。 • Perhaps you have overlooked the fact that
your account for July purchases has not yet been settled.
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Omission
• 一、重复出现某词(排比句中) • 1.俘虏望望沈明,又望望其他的人,没有
。
• The new cars are fast, efficient and handy.
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• 5. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
• While the prospects are bright, the road has twists and turns.
英汉翻译中的增词法和减词法

This great scientist was born in New England.
这位伟大的科学家出生在美国东北部的 新英格兰。
EX. 增加背景知识文化而增词
The blond boy quickly crossed himself.
▪ 导致合并不断增加的另一个因素是股票市场的空 前繁荣。股票市场的空前繁荣使得各家公司可以 依赖其上涨的股票价格去资助各种大规模的购进。
2.4 因语序变化而加词
▪ 由于英语国家惯用被动结构的语序,而我们 中国人惯用主动句,因而,在翻译中经常要增 加主语,使之变为主动语态,以适应我们的语 言习惯。例如:
因表达清晰自然之需而增词
❖ As to direct and indirect exporting, which approach is best depends on such factors as the company’s size, its export volume, the number of foreign countries involved, the investment required to support the operation, the profit potential, the risk present, and the desires of the overseas buyers.
▪ These drills want sharpening. ▪ 这些钻头需要磨一磨。
EX. 因语法需要而增词
▪ It is on one of these occasions that I met the Cartwrights. I was staying with a man named Gaze who was head of the police and he came into the billiardroom, where I was sitting, and asked me if I would make up a four at a bridgetable.
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第九讲增词法一、教学目的:了解和掌握增词法(Amplification)在翻译中的运用。
二、教学要点:增词法的不同表现三、教学过程:A.根据意义上或修辞上的需要for purpose of rhetoric or coherence1.1增加动词根据意义上的需要,可以在名词前增加动词。
如果把下面例1中的after the banquets,the concerts and table tennis exhibition译为“在宴会、音乐会、乒乓球表演之后”,意思似乎不够明确。
如果在词之前增加原文中虽无其词而有其意的动词,译为“在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后”,形成三个动宾词组,那就意思明确,读起来也较通顺自然,符合汉语习惯。
1)In the evening ,after the banquets,the concerts and table tennis exhibitions,he wouldwork on the drafting of the final communiqué.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后,他还得起草最后公报。
2)There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats,no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and banquets of flowers。
没有发表讲话,没有各国外交官到场,也没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗、花束的场面。
3)Rostow was about to become,for lack of anyone or anything better,a very influential intellectual—the very wrong man at the wrong place with the wrong idea。
因为找不到比他更合适的人,也没有更好的办法,于是,罗斯托就要成为一个很有影响的知识分子,这真是在错误的地方任用错误的人去实行他的错误主张。
4)They had been through it al at his side—the bruising battles,the humiliations of the defeat|…through empty mid-1960s—until at last,in 1968,they were able to savor the sweet taste of triumph。
他们始终站在他的一边,经历过残酷的厮杀,忍受过辛酸的失败,熬过了一事无成的六十年代中期,毫不容易挨到了一九六八年,他们才尝到了胜利的甜头。
2. 增加形容词1)With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism。
中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊!2)The plane twisted under me,trailing flame and smoke。
(敌人的)飞机在下面螺旋下降,拖着浓烟烈焰掉了下去。
3)O, Tom Canty,born in rags and dirt and misery,what sight is this!(Mark Twain)啊,汤姆·康第,生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中,现在这番景象却是多么煊赫啊!根据原著,汤姆·康第本是个贫儿,穿上王子服装以后,被人认为真是王子,就显得特别煊赫。
原文虽无“煊赫”的字眼,但含有此意,所以翻译时应增加上去。
以上三例表明,为了意义上或修辞上的需要,有些英语句子中的名词,译成汉语时,可以增加一些适当的形容词。
3. 增加副词根据原文的上下文,有些动词在一定场合可增加适当的副词,才能确切表达愿意。
1)The crowds melted away。
人群渐渐散开了。
2)As she sat down and began talking,words poured out。
他一坐下来就开始了,滔滔不决地讲个不完。
3)Tremaine sank down with his face in his hands。
屈里曼两手蒙着脸,一屁股做了下去。
4)In the films of those days,all too often it was the same one:boy tractor driver meets girls tractor driver;they fall in love and drive tractor together。
在那时的电影里,总是老一套;南拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而相遇,继而相爱,终而并肩开拖拉机了。
5)He was fascinated by the political processes—the wheeling and dealing of presidential politics,the manipulating,releasing and leaking of news,the public and private talks。
一幕幕政治花招使他看入迷了:总统竞选活动中的勾心斗角,尔虞我诈;对新闻消息的幕后操作、公开发表和有意透漏,以及公开和秘密的谈话。
4. 增加名词4.1 在不及物动词后面增加名词英语中有些动词有时用作及物动词,有时用作不及物动词;当它作为不及物动词时,宾语实际隐含在动词后面,译成汉语时往往需要把它表达出来。
例如To wash before meal是“饭前洗手”,如果不译出隐含的宾语“手”,译文“饭前洗一洗”的意思就不明确。
同样,“To wash after getting up 和To wash before going to bed ”也应该分别译为“起床后洗脸”和“睡前洗脚”了。
1)Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia。
玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后,靠洗衣维持生活。
2)Day after day he came to his work—sweeping,scrubbing,cleaning。
他每天来干活——扫地,擦地板,收拾房间。
3)First you borrow,then you beg。
头一遭借钱,下一遭就讨饭。
4)The lieutenant Grub launched into the old recruiting routine,“See,save and serve!Hannigan, free tour to all the ports in the world。
A fine ship for a home。
Three meals a day without charge…You must not let such a golden opportunity slip by。
”于是,格拉布上尉开始说起招兵的老一套了:“见见世面,攒点钱,为国家出点力!汉尼根,免费周游世界上所有的港口。
一艘上好的船为家,一天三餐不要钱。
……你千万不要错过这样的大好机会呀!”4.2在形容词前增加名词1)This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine。
这部打字机真是价廉物美。
2)A new kind of aircraft—small,cheap,pilotless—is attracting increasing attention。
一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意——这种飞机体积不大,价钱便宜,无人驾驶。
3)He is complicated man—moody,mercurial,with a melancholy streak。
他是一个性格复杂的人——喜怒无常,反复多变,有些忧郁寡欢。
4.3在抽象名词后增加名词某些有动词后形容词派生出来的抽象名词,翻译是可根据上下文在其后面增添适当的名词,使译文更合乎规范。
如:to persuade 说服 persuasion 说服工作to prepare 准备 preparation 准备工作backward 落后 backwardness 落后状态tense 紧张 tension 紧张状况arrogant 自满 arrogance 自满情绪mad 疯狂 madness 疯狂行为antagonistic 敌对 antagonism 敌对态度1)After all preparations were made ,the planes were flown across he U.S to San Francisco.一切准备工作就绪以后,飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。
2) In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.一九流九年夏天,政府公开缓和与中国的紧张关系。
3) Profanity was tacitly given up.亵渎神灵的粗话全都心照不宣地不用了。
4.4 在具体名词后增加名词1)He felt the patriot rise within his breast。
他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。
2)He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge,and declared his own son guilty。
他让法官的确职责战胜父子的确私情,而判决他儿子有罪。
3)Kissinger felt that Rogers was quibbling ,but the lawyer in Nixon supported the quibble of a fellow lawyer。
基辛格感到罗杰斯在挑刺儿。
但是,律师事务所出身的尼克松支持他的同行的挑刺儿。
5.增加表示名词复数的词汉语名词的复数没有词形变化,很多情况下不必表达出来。
但要表达指多数人的名词时,可在该名词的后面加“们”字,如“the teachers”“教师们”,或在该名词前家上“诸位”、“各(位)”,如“ladies and gentlemen”诸位(各位)女士和先生“。
此外,英语名词复数,汉译时还可以根据情况,增加重叠词、数词或其它一些词来表达。
这样做还可以提高修辞效果。
5.1 增加重叠词表示复数1)Flowers bloom all over the yard.朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。
2) Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.记者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。