句子翻译谓语确定主被动转换共25页文档
主动被动句转换
主动被动句转换
主动句是指句子的主语是执行者，谓语表示主语执行的动作。
被动句则是指句子的主语是动作的承受者，谓语用被动语态表示。
主动句与被动句的转换方法如下：
1.找出句子的谓语，判断谓语的动作是否是由主语直接发出的。
如果是，则
是主动句；如果不是，则可能是被动句或无主句。
2.如果是主动句，保持句子的主语和谓语的搭配关系不变。
如果是被动句，
则将原句的宾语或表语转换成主语，将谓语转换成被动语态形式。
3.检查转换后的句子是否符合语法规则和表达习惯，并进行必要的调整。
最新【英语翻译】被动语态的翻译方法ppt课件
• 已经注意(zhù yì)到采取防腐新措施。
第四页，共24页。
一、译成中文(zhōngwén)的主动 句
• （1）保留原文主语 • 翻译(fānyì)某些被动句时，如无需指出动作的发出者，
动词的动作不带有受动色彩，通常可以按照原文语序顺 译，原文的主语仍旧充当译文的主语。
the most daring.
• 只有最勇敢的人才能(cá inéng)攀登那些高耸的山峰。 • The magnificent hotel had been completely
destroyed by the big fire.
• 大火把这座富丽堂皇的宾馆完全烧毁了。
第十页，共24页。
（5）译成无主句(zhǔ jù)
atom is said to be positively charged.
• 6、A force is needed to stop a moving body.
第二十页，共24页。
• 7、Brief reference should be made here to
the law of universal gravitation.
fever.
• 12、It is rumoured that she is going to
divorce her second husband.
第二十一页，共24页。
Keys:
• 1、你知道这个男孩子为什么挨了骂吗？ • 2、我早知道这孩子在幼儿园会得到很好的照顾
(zhà o gù )
• 3、英国、美国和其他的一些国家讲英语。 • 4、这本书里提到了好几种学习方法。 • 5、如果原子失去了一个或更多的电子，我们就
句子的英译 主语和谓语的确定 翻译理论方法
例9．目前在中国正进行着一场意义深远 的社会和经济改革。 • At present, a sweeping and profound social and economic reform is being carried out in China.
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• 不是所有确定汉语原文宾语为译文主语的 情况都一定要用被动结构来翻译。如：
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1） 把汉语原文的宾语确定为英 语译文的主语
• 宾语是动作所及的对象，常常是人或者物。 • 在翻译中，我们可以选择汉语原文的宾语
来充当英语译文的主语。 • 但是，在这种情况下，一般需要用英语的
被动句式来翻译。
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例7． 伟大艺术的美学鉴赏和伟大科学观 念的理解都需要智慧。
• Wisdom is required both in appreciating great artistic works and in understanding great scientific concepts.
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例6：推进现代化建设、完成祖国统一、维 护世界和平与促进共同发展，是中国人民 在新世纪的三大历史任务。
• To continue to propel the modernization drive, to achieve reunification of the motherland, and to safeguard the world peace and promote the common development are the three historical tasks of the Chinese people in the new century.
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例4：如今我们有许多不同的选择：除传统的家 常菜以外，还有营养保健配餐和方便可口的快餐 食品。
句子翻译(二)谓语确定、主被动转换
两个难点
1. 汉语连动式翻译 2. 汉语兼语式翻译
1 连动式翻译方法
1.1 译为并列句，或复合/复杂句 (连动动词 保留原来谓语的位置） 1.2 一个译为核心谓语，另一个转为分词结 构 1.3一个译为核心谓语，另一个转为不定式 1.4一个译为核心谓语，另一个转为介词短 语 1.5一个译为核心谓语，另一个转为其它词 类（略）
亦见于古汉语中 用“见”表被动 “……徒见欺”（……白白地被欺骗） 用“于”表被动 “受制于人”（被人控制） “不能容于远近。”（不能被邻里所容）
B．无被动指示词
中华人民共和国已宣告成立。 The founding of PRC was proclaimed. 马路两旁是整齐的梧桐树。 The avenue was lined with neatly-spaced plane trees. 他也佩服小李的见解。 He was struck with admiration at Xiao Li’s suggestions.
2.3 转为名词性短语
老师表扬他学习努力让很多学生很不满。 The teacher’s praise for his hard working displeased many students. 他反对我们进行调查说明他卷入了这起丑 闻当中。 His objection to our investigation indicates that he has been involved in this scandal.
1.4 另一个转为介词短语
他已于昨晚乘飞机去了上海。 He has left for Shanghai by plane last night.
第5节 语式转换(主动被动)
9. She told me that her master had dismissed her. No reason had been given; no objection had been made to her conduct . She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress. 10. It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are asked to remind themselves of the rules for the borrowing and return of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.
2.6 状语的转译
翻译练习
I am no drinker, nor smoker. The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing. He has long been an enemy of stilted and pretentious English. The audience who attended the performance varied from tens to thousands. The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering ring around the two men.
汉英翻译中谓语的确定
谓语的选择一、英汉谓语的比较? 英语谓语比较单一，只能由动词或动词短语充当，系动词可看成一种特殊为谓语。
? 英语谓语形态稳定，受语法规范约束，需与主语保持一致关系。
? 英语同一主语下的并列谓语一般不超过三个，多数句子只有一个谓语动词，其他动作概念以非谓语动词、介词短语、名词短语或从句的形式出现。
二、单个谓语的翻译? 如果原文的主谓语不符合英语主谓搭配逻辑，则需要改变主语或谓语。
? 1、这件事告诉我们，他为人不诚实。
? - This incident showed that he was dishonest.? 根据主语，这里的“告诉”用“show”比较合适。
? 2、农村改革中的好多东西，都是基层创造出来的。
? Many of the good ideas in rural reform came from people at the grassroots.? 从逻辑上分析，原文主语实际上是创造对象，创造的主体是“人”，因此译文变更了谓语动词，使主语和谓语构成符合逻辑的搭配，并增补people 一词。
当然，此句也能译成被动句：? Many of good ideas in rural reform are created by people at the grassroots.? 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。
? －China’s diplomacy is most active at the turn of the century. (*)? -The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.? 分析：前种译法不符合英文主谓搭配。
后种译法以“时间”为主语，以“find”为谓语，是比较典型的“无灵主语句”。
二、根据动宾搭配确定谓语? 动宾搭配是一种常见的搭配形式，汉译英时，如果原文的动宾搭配不符合英语逻辑，而原文的宾语又不宜变动，我们就需要重新选择谓语。
英语被动语态与主动语态的转换原则及例句
英语被动语态与主动语态的转换原则及例句（最新版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如词性大全、句法大全、句型大全、从句大全、时态大全、语态大全、语法大全、虚拟语气、用法辨析、其他资料等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as part of speech, syntax, sentence pattern, clause, tense, voice, grammar, subjunctive, usage analysis, other materials, etc. If you want to know the different formats and writing methods of the model essay, please pay attention!英语被动语态与主动语态的转换原则及例句将主动语态变为被动语态时，先把主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语（如为代词，宾格须变为主格），接着把主动结构的动词由主动语态变为被动语态，最后在动词被动语态之后加介词by，再将主动结构中的主语放在by之后，变为by的宾语（如为代词，主格须变为宾格）。
汉英翻译课件之 谓语确定
Two thirds of the swampland has/have been reclaimed for farming. Forth minus fifteen leaves/leave twenty-five. Seven plus/and five makes/make twelve. All of the cargo was/were lost. All of the crew were/was saved.
句子翻译之谓语确定
英汉谓语之比较
英语句子谓语只有动词和动词词组才能充当； She was smiling. He likes translation. They have become health-conscious. John is at home. We gave him advice. We consider that plan wonderful. He has put the salt on the table. The children might have been playing in the garden. I agree with you on that point. In the valley we came across a group of Mexicans.
学校教育不仅要抓智育，更要重视德育。 Schools must provide students not only sound intellectual training, but, more importantly, moral development.
2 汉语动词无时态变化，时态概念通过词汇手段来
大学在推动经济增长方面的作用已是有目共睹。 Already, the university’s role as an engine of economic growth is well recognized. 我们的国防变得越来越巩固和强大。 Our national defence becomes more and more consolidatory and powerful. 他在会上说的话非常正确，非常有说服力。 What he said at the meeting is very right and persuasive. 他们ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ言语和行动充满了信心和自豪。 They are confident and proud in their speeches and actions.