英语中的几个复合结构
动名词的复合结构用法
动名词的复合结构用法带有逻辑主语的动名词叫做动名词的复合结构，通常用物主代词、名词所有格等来表示逻辑主语，而且要放在动名词前面。
一、动名词复合结构的类型1、名词所有格+ 动名词，通常指有生命的名词或名词短语，例如：John’s winning of the competition made many people happy.约翰在比赛中获胜使许多人感到高兴。
We were all sorry about Jane's losing her parents like that.简那样失去父母，我们都很难过。
My friend’s talking annoys people listening to her.我朋友的讲话使听她的人很恼火。
They objected to the youngest girl's being given the command position.他们反对让最小的女孩担任指挥职务。
Federico was pleased by Carlos's making the Dean's List for the first time.费德里科对卡洛斯第一次进入院长名单感到高兴。
2、名词普通格+ 动名词A、当动名词的逻辑主语有其他词修饰时，要用普通格。
例如：Federico was pleased by Carlos, his oldest son, making the Dean's List for the first time. 费德里科对他的大儿子卡洛斯第一次进入院长名单感到高兴。
解析：同位语his oldest son 修饰Carlos，用普通格。
B、当动名词的逻辑主语是复数的，集体的或无生命的名词时，通常要用普通格。
例如：Professor Villa was amazed by her students working as hard as they did.维拉教授对她的学生们的努力工作感到惊讶。
英语得四大复合结构
英语得四大复合结构英语得复合结构由两个部分组成:一个部分表示人或者物,另一个部分表示动作或者状态。
两个部分之间存在逻辑上得主谓关系,就就是第一部分得人或物就是第二部分动作得执行者或承受者,或者,第二部分所表示得状态就就是第一部分所表示得人或物所处得状态。
例如: We think a good knowledge of English as necessary as an excellent ability to municate in the work of a foreign affairs official、(英语必不可少)With stepping stones along the road, you don’t have to walk in the mud、(沿路得就是石头) 1.动词不定式得复合机构:for sb to do sthPlease find some work for the children to do、(孩子们做工作)The book is too difficult for me to read, (我读不懂)2.动名词得复合结构:sb’s / sb doing sth动名词得复合结构有四种形式:①形容词性物主代词+动名词Do you mind my leaving now?I had not heart of your being ill、形容词性物主代词:指得就是可以修饰名词得物主代词:your my her his its their补充:名词性物主代词:指得就是充当名词成分得物主代词如mine yours hers his its theirs②名词’s +动名词Jack’s not getting to the station on time made all of us angryDo you mind Jack’s leaving now?I insisted Mary’s going there、③代词+动名词Do you mind me leaving now?In fact, I think it’s very much nicer without him, if you don’t mind me saying so④名词+动名词Do you mind Jack leaving now?动名词得复合结构可在句中作主语、宾语。
复合结构
复合结构动名词复合结构:1.______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement、A.The president will attend B、The president to attendC、The president attendedD、The president’s attending2.The discovery of new evidence led to_____、A.the thief having caught B、catch the thief C、the thief being caught D、the thief to be caught3.I can hardly imagine Peter_____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days、A.sail B、to sail C、sailing D、to have sailed4._____as the most excellent student in her university,as most classmates had expected,made her parents very happy、A.Mary was chosen B、Mary chosen C、Mary being chosen D、Mary’s being chosen5.I would appreciate____back this afternoon、A、you to callB、you callC、your callingD、you’re calling6、How about the two of us____a walk down the garden?A、to takeB、takeC、takingD、to be takingKeys:1-5 DCCDC 6-10 Bwith复合结构:1.The murder was brought in,with his hands_____behind his back、A.being tied B、having tied C、to be tied D、tied2.With a lot of problems_____,the newly-elected president is having a hard time、A.settled B、settling C、to settle D、Being settled3.I couldn’t do my homework with all the no ise_____、A.going B、goes on C、went on D、to go onKeys:1-5 DCA复合宾语:1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_____the next year、A.carry out B、carrying out C、carried out D、to carry out2.The missing boy was last seen_____near the East Lake、A,playing B、play C、played D、to playws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents_____、A.worried B、to worry C、worrying D、worry4.You should understand the traffic rule by now、You’ve had it____often enough、A.explaining B、to explain C、explain D、explainedKeys:1-5 CAAD独立主格:1.I send you 100 dollars today,the rest_____in a year、A.follows B、followed C、to follow D、being followed2.With so many eyes_____on him,he was too nervous to speak、A.to fix B、fixing C、fixed D、being fixed3._____the light off,we could not go on with the work、A.Until B、As C、With D、Because4._____so short a time left before the deadline,I feel it impossible to get the work finished on time、A.With B、As C、For D、SinceKeys:1-5 CBCA。
英语复合结构
一、英语复合结构1、概述??英语复合结构是一种特殊的句子成分，它由两部分组成：第一部分是名词或代词，第二部分表示动作或者状态。
从逻辑上看，两个部分之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，很像句子的主语和谓语，但从结构上看却与句子中的主谓关系不同，区别在于复合结构的第二部分不是谓语形式，而是由动词的非谓语形式及其他词类或介词短语、从句组成的短语。
英语复合结构包括：动名词复合结构、分词复合结构和不定式复合结构。
2、动名词复合结构(1)?结构形式：①形容词性物主代词＋动名词；②名词's＋动名词；③代词宾格＋动名词；④名词＋动名词。
? (2)?功能★?作主语? ?His/He coming home late worries his other.? ?John s /John coming here will get us out of trouble.约翰的到来将会使我们脱离困境。
★?作动词或短语动词的宾语? ? I don’t remember him/his giving me that book.??? ? Her parents insisted on her studying medicine.?她父母坚持要她学医。
★?作介词宾语?? I don’t like the idea of our living here.?我不愿意我们住在这里。
? ?I knew nothing about the window being open.我一点也不知道窗户敞开着。
? ?He left the city without our knowing it?他离开城市我们大家都不知道。
.?★?作表语?? What is most important is Tom’s going there at once.?? The main trouble is their not having enough money.?? ?His being late again made the teacher angry.?（他迟到）?? Would you mind my / me smoking here? (我抽烟)?动名词复合结构不在句首时可以用“宾格加动名词”。
倒装句、with的复合结构、强调句
倒装句英语句子按主谓排列顺序来分有正常语序和倒装语序。
正常语序的结构是“主语+谓语”，倒装语序为“谓语（或谓语的一部分）+主语”。
1）部分倒装---- 助动词\情态动词+主语+谓语的实义动词型2）全倒装---- 谓语+主语型在以下结构中用全倒装此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。
常见的结构有：1.在there be或者There live(stand,appear.seem,remain,exist….) 句型中；如There are thousands of people on the square. Thousands of people are there on the square. There lived an old fisherman in the village. 原语序：An old fisherman lived there in the village. There stands a little girl. 正常语序：A little girl stands there.2.在“here, there, now, thus, then+动词+主语”的句子中,(谓语动词为be, go, come, lie, run等转移动词一起连用，主语为名词);如: Now comes my turn. There goes the bell. Then came the order to leave.Here comes a bus= A bus comes here.A）此类倒装不用进行时态。
Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train! 有辆出租车来了! 最后一班火车开走了! (注意这里不可用进行时)B）上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here it comes！There it goes！3.在“out\ in, up\ down, off\away，in the distance,on the hill,round the corner”等表示方向性的副词或表示地点的介词词组位于句首，且主语又是名词，谓语是表示运动的动词。
动词不定式的复合结构
动词不定式有很多种主语;不定式做主语，常常用it做形式主语，而把不定式放后面表语：多说情况下，不定式做表语，可转换为做主语宾语：只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语定语：不定式做定语，要放在修饰词的后面状语：不定式做状语，其逻辑主语要和主语一致英语的四大复合结构英语的复合结构由两个部分组成：一个部分表示人或者物，另一个部分表示动作或者状态。
两个部分之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，就是第一部分的人或物是第二部分动作的执行者或承受者，或者，第二部分所表示的状态就是第一部分所表示的人或物所处的状态。
例如：We think a good knowledge of English as necessary as an excellent ability to communicate in the work of a foreign affairs official. （英语必不可少）With stepping stones along the road, you don’t have to walkin the mud. (沿路的是石头)英语中有四大复合结构：1. 动词不定式的复合结构 ( for sb to do sth )Please find some work for the children to do. (孩子们做工作) The book is too difficult for me to read, (我读不懂)2. 动名词的复合结构（sb’s / sb doing sth ）His being late again made the teacher angry. （他迟到）Would you mind my / me smoking here? (我抽烟)动名词复合结构不在句首时可以用“宾格加动名词”。
以上两种结构中，一个只能用不定式表示动作，一个只能用动名词；而在下面两个结构中，可以有多种词性的词表示动作或状态。
复合结构
复合结构一．定义结构二．不定式的复合结构三．动名词的复合结构四．独立主格五．复合宾语with的复合结构【大展身手】动名词复合结构：1.______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A.The president will attendB.The president to attendC.The president attendedD.The president’s attending2.The discovery of new evidence led to_____.A.the thief having caughtB.catch the thiefC.the thief being caughtD.the thief to be caught3.I can hardly imagine Peter_____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sailB.to sailC.sailingD.to have sailed4._____as the most excellent student in her university,as most classmates had expected,made her parents very happy.A.Mary was chosenB.Mary chosenC.Mary being c hosenD.Mary’s being chosen5.I would appreciate____back this afternoon.A.you to callB.you callC.your callingD.you’re calling6.How about the two of us____a walk down the garden?A.to takeB.takeC.takingD.to be takingKeys：1-5 DCCDC 6-10 Bwith复合结构：1.The murder was brought in,with his hands_____behind his back.A.being tiedB.having tiedC.to be tiedD.tied2.With a lot of problems_____,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settledB.settlingC.to settleD. Being settled3.I couldn’t do my homework with all the noise_____.A.goingB.goes onC.went onD. to go onKeys：1-5 DCA复合宾语：1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_____the next year.A.carry outB.carrying outC.carried outD.to carry out2.The missing boy was last seen_____near the East Lake.A,playing B.play C.played D.to playws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents_____.A.worriedB.to worryC.worryingD.worry4.You should understand the traffic rule by now.You’ve had it____often enough.A.explainingB.to explainC.explainD.explainedKeys：1-5 CAAD独立主格：1.I send you 100 dollars today,the rest_____in a year.A.followsB.followedC.to followD.being followed2.With so many eyes_____on him,he was too nervous to speak.A.to fixB.fixingC.fixedD.being fixed3._____the light off,we could not go on with the work.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because4._____so short a time left before the deadline,I feel it impossible to get the work finished on time.A.WithB.AsC.ForD.SinceKeys：1-5 CBCA。
复合结构
复合结构一．定义结构二．不定式的复合结构三．动名词的复合结构四．独立主格五．复合宾语with的复合结构【大展身手】动名词复合结构：1.______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A.The president will attend president to attendpresident attended president’s attending2.The discovery of new evidence led to_____.A.the thief having caught the thief thief being caught thief to be caught3.I can hardly imagine Peter_____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sail sail have sailed4._____as the most excellent student in her university,as most classmates had expected,made her parents very happy.A.Mary was chosen chosen being chosen ’s being chosen5.I would appreciate____back this afternoon.to call c all calling ’re callingabout the two of us____a walk down the gardentake be takingKeys：1-5 DCCDC 6-10 Bwith复合结构：1.The murder was brought in,with his hands_____behind his back.A.being tied tied be tied2.With a lot of problems_____,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled settle D. Being settled3.I couldn’t do my homework with all the noise_____.A.going on on D. to go onKeys：1-5 DCA复合宾语：1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_____the next year.A.carry out out out carry out2.The missing boy was last seen_____near the East Lake.A,playing playws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents_____.A.worried worry4.You shoul d understand the traffic rule by ’ve had it____often enough.A.explaining explainKeys：1-5 CAAD独立主格：1.I send you 100 dollars today,the rest_____in a year.A.follows follow followed2.With so many eyes_____on him,he was too nervous to speak.A.to fix fixed3._____the light off,we could not go on with the work.A.Until4._____so short a time left before the deadline,I feel it impossible to get the work finished on time.A.WithKeys：1-5 CBCA。
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英语中的几个复合结构武功县观音堂中学高增敏1. 独立主格结构一、概念：“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。
这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。
二、功能：“独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非限定状语从句。
众所周知非限定性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依附于主句。
而有些非限定性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语，在结构上与主句不发生关系，因此成为独立主格结构。
其实，虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。
如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。
三、形式：独立主格结构在形式上有两部分组成：第一部分有名词或代词担任，第二部分由分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语担任。
按其结构形式分为：—ing 分词独立主格结构；—ed分词独立主格结构；无动词独立主格结构等。
四、举例：1、There being nothing else to do, they gone away.由于无事可做，他们离开了。
（代词＋－ing; 表原因）2、Miss Wang come into the classroom, books in hand.王老师走进教室，手里拿着书。
（无动词结构；表伴随）3、The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.老人坐在椅子上，闭着眼睛。
（名词＋－ed; 表状态）4、Class over, we began to play basketball.放学了，我们开始玩篮球。
（名词＋副词；表时间）5、Without a word more spoken, he picked up the paper.没再多说一个字，他拾起那张纸。
（介词结构；表伴随）6、The last guest to arrive, our party was started.最后一位客人到了，我们的晚会开始了。
（名词＋不定式；表时间）五、独立主格结构与分词短语作状语的异同：1、独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转化成状语从句。
但是，独立主格结构转换成状语从句后，有自己的逻辑主语，与主句的主语不一致；而分词短语转化为状语从句后，从句的主语与主句的主语相同。
例：⑴If time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend. －→Time permitting，we’d better have a rest at this weekend.如果时间允许，本周末我们最好休息一下。
⑵When we see from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful. －→Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful. 从顶楼上看，花园更漂亮。
2、还应该注意，分词结构的逻辑主语不是总和主句的主语一致，而是主句的其他成分。
语法上称作“依着原则”；有些分词结构在句子上找不到它的逻辑主语，语法上称作“悬垂分词”。
例：⑴Looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long time. 在屋里找表，用了我很长时间。
(依着原则)⑵When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the root. (我们)种花时必须小心，不能碰坏花根。
（悬垂分词）六、独立主格结构与独立成分的异同：1、有的分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，实际上已经成了习惯短语。
这些短语有：generally speaking; frankly speaking; judging from; supposing等等。
例：⑴Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.总的来说，这个规则很容易懂。
⑵Judging from what he said, she must be an honest girl. 根据他所说的，她一定很诚实。
2、有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场和态度，在句中作独立成分。
这些短语有：to be honest; to be sure; to tell you the truth; to cut a long story short; to be frank; to make the matter worse等等。
例：⑴To tell you the truth, what I said at the meeting was not my opinion. 说实话，我在会上说的并不是我的意见。
⑵To make the matter worse, he locked his keys in the car. 更糟糕的是，他把钥匙锁在车里了一般的分词(短语)有意义上的逻辑主语，它或是句子的主语，或者另有自己的主语，如果没有，就称这种分词为“悬垂分词”，这样的句子一般认为是不能接受或错误的。
【例如】※Looking out of the window of our hotel room, there are lots of mountains.(这句话听起来好象是那些山从窗户往外看。
)※Admired by everybody, dozens of letters reached the veteran soldier.(这句话听起来好象是信件被赞扬。
)※Sitting under an apple tree one night, an idea came to Newton.(这句话听上去好象是某种思想坐在树下。
)关于“悬垂分词”这条语法规则也有例外情况。
下面几种情况中的分词(短语)，不再认为它们是“悬垂分词”，即句子是正确的。
1)有些分词(短语)可用来表示说话人的态度，看问题的角度，或者对所叙述的情况进行解释，它们便成了句子的独立成分，其逻辑主语也就不再是句子的主语。
【例如】Strictly speaking, nobody is allowed in here.严格地讲，谁也不允许在这儿。
(speaking的逻辑主语并不是nobody)Judging from his accent, he must be from the South.从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。
(这句中不是he在“判断”)Taken as a whole, there is nothing with the book.总的来说，这本书没有问题。
Taking all thingssintosconsideration, his work is a successful one.全面考虑起来，他的工作还是很成功的。
经常这样用的分词(分词词组)有：frankly (broadly, generally, properly, strictly…) speaking, judging from(by)…,talking about…,speaking of…,looking at…,taking…into consideration, put frankly, taken…等。
2)这样使用的有些分词，在句子中逐渐起到连词或介词的作用，便把它们视为连词或介词。
【例如】Granting that he had the best intention, his conduct might work great mischief.就算他出于好意，他的行为也会引起极大不快。
There were ten people in the room, including me.屋子里有十个人，包括我在内。
Provided that my expenses are paid, I will go.要是我的费用有人代付，我就去。
经常这样使用的分词有：admitting (that), assuming (that), barring, concerning, presuming, granting, pending, excepting, failing, saving, supposing (that), touching, given, granted, provided(that)等。
3)某些句子中作状语的分词的逻辑主语虽然不是句子的主语，但可能是句中的另外某一成分，对这样的句子也不再认为是“悬垂分词”。
【例如】Seeing her health sinking rapidly, alarm clutched the father's heart.她父亲看到她健康迅速恶化，很是惊慌。
(分词seeing的逻辑主语当然不是alarm，但它包含在宾语heart的定语father's之中。
)His summer holidays were spent in the countryside, helping his father with farm work.他在乡下过暑假，帮助父亲干农活。
(分词helping的逻辑主语包含在主语holidays的定语his之中)以上句子之所以能被接受，是因为它们能清楚表达意思，不会引起误解，如第一句中alarm 是抽象名词，不会误解为seeing的逻辑主语；第二句中主语holidays是无生命的名词，不可能误解为helping的逻辑主语。
4)如果句子谓语是被动语态，分词的逻辑主语可以包含在by后面的动作执行者之中(有时这个执行者并未明确表示出来)。
这样的句子也可以被接受，而非“悬垂分词”。
【例如】Ideas can be expressed accurately and effectively, using simple sentences.用简单的句子可以准确有力地表达思想。
Knowing as much as you do, the situation is easilyexplained.像你这样了解情况，很容易解释这一形势。
以上两句中的分词using和knowing 的逻辑主语当然不是它们句子的主语ideas和situation，而是没有明确表达出来的express 和explain两个动作的执行者。
2. with 型复合结构“with 复合结构”，即“with + 宾语 + 补足语”，在英语中，特别是在书面语中是一个很常用的结构，它既可以充当状语，又可以充当定语。