钗头凤.世情薄翻译、解析

钗头凤.世情薄翻译、解析
钗头凤.世情薄翻译、解析

钗头凤世情薄

宋代:唐婉

世情薄,人情恶,雨送黄昏花易落。晓风干,泪痕残。欲笺心事,独语斜阑。难,难,难!人成各,今非昨,病魂常似秋千索。角声寒,夜阑珊。怕人寻问,咽泪装欢。瞒,瞒,瞒!(装通:妆)

译文

世态炎凉,人情淡薄,黄昏骤雨催花落。晨风吹干泪水,脸上残留泪痕,想写下心中愁思,

却不知如何下笔,只能倚着斜栏自言自语。这一切怎么那么难、难、难!

今时不同往日,咫尺天涯,我身染重病,就像秋千索。夜风刺骨,彻体生寒,听着远方的角

声,心中再生一层寒意,夜尽了,我也很快就像这夜一样了吧?怕人询问,我忍住泪水,

在别人面前强颜欢笑。只得瞒、瞒、瞒!

注释

笺:写出。

斜阑:指栏杆。

病魂一句:描写精神忧惚,似飘荡不定的秋千索。

阑珊:衰残,将尽。

创作背景

唐婉与大诗人陆游喜结良缘,后被逼分离。唐后来改嫁同郡宗人赵士程,在一次春游之

中,恰巧与陆游相遇于沈园。唐征得赵同意后,派人给陆送去了酒肴。陆感怅恨不已,写了

著名的《钗头凤》词以致意。唐婉则以此词相答。据说在此后不久,唐婉就在悲伤中死去。

赏析

唐婉是我国历史上常被人们提起的美丽多情的才女之一。她与大诗人陆游喜结良缘,夫

妇之间伉俪相得,琴瑟甚和。这实为人间美事。遗憾的是身为婆婆的陆游母亲对这位有才华

的儿媳总是看不顺眼,硬要逼着陆游把他相亲相爱的她给休了。陆游对母亲的干预采取了敷

衍的态度;把唐婉置于别馆,时时暗暗相会。不幸的是,陆母发现了这个秘密,并采取了断

然措施,终于把这对有情人拆散了。有情人未成终生的眷属,唐婉后来改嫁同郡宗人赵士程,

但内心仍思念陆游不已。在一次春游之中,恰巧与陆游相遇于沈园。唐婉征得赵士程同意后,

派人给陆游送去了酒肴。陆游感念旧情,怅恨不已,写了著名的《钗头凤》词以致意。唐婉

则以此词相答。

词的上片交织着十分复杂的感情内容。“世情薄,人情恶”两句,抒写了对于在封建礼教

支配下的世故人情的愤恨之情。“世情”所以“薄”,“人情”所以“恶”,皆因“情”受到封建礼教的

腐蚀。《礼记·内则》云:“子甚宜其妻,父母不悦,出。”陆母就是根据这一条礼法,把一对好端端的恩爱夫妻拆散了。用“恶”、“薄”两字来抨击封建礼教的害人本质,极为准确有力,作者对于封建礼教的深恶痛绝之情,也借此两字得到了充分的宣泄。“雨送黄昏花易落”,采用象征的手法,暗喻自己备受摧残的悲惨处境。阴雨黄昏时的花,原是陆游词中爱用的意象。其《卜算子》曾借以自况。唐婉把这一意象吸入己作,不仅有自悲自悼之意,而且还说明了她与陆游心心相印,息息相通。

“晓风干,泪痕残”,写内心的痛苦,极为深切动人。被黄昏时分的雨水打湿的了花花草草,经晓风一吹,已经干了,而自己流淌了一夜的泪水,至天明时分,犹擦而未干,残痕仍在。这是多么的痛心啊!以雨水喻泪水,在古代诗词中不乏其例,但以晓风吹得干雨水来反衬手帕擦不干泪水,借以表达出内心的永无休止的悲痛,这无疑是唐婉的独创。

“欲笺心事,独语斜阑”两句是说,她想把自己内心的别离相思之情用信笺写下来寄给对方,要不要这样做呢?她在倚栏沉思独语。“难、难、难!”均为独语之词。由此可见,她终于没有这样做。只因封建礼教的残酷不仁。这一叠声的“难”字,由千种愁恨,万种委屈合并而成,因此似简实繁,以少总多,既上承开篇两句而来,以表现出处此衰薄之世做人之难,做女人之更难;又开启下文,以表现出做一个被休以后再嫁的女人之尤其难。

过片“人成各,今非昨,病魂常似秋千索”,这三句艺术概括力极强。“人成各”是就空间角度而言的。作者从陆游与自己两方面设想:自己在横遭离异之后固然感到孤独,而深深爱着自己的陆游不也感到形单影只吗?“今非昨”是就时间角度而言的。其间包含着多重不幸。从昨日的美满婚烟到今天的两地相思,从昨日的被迫离异到今天的被迫改嫁,这是多么不幸!但不幸的事儿还在继续:“病魂常似秋千索。”说“病魂”而不说“梦魂”,显然是经过考虑的。梦魂夜驰,积劳成疾,终于成了“病魂”。昨日方有梦魂,至今日却只剩“病魂”。这也是“今非昨”的不幸。更为不幸的是,改嫁以后,竟连悲哀和流泪的自由也丧失殆尽,只能在晚上暗自伤心。

“角声寒,夜阑珊,怕人寻问,咽泪装欢”四句,具体倾诉出了这种苦境。“寒”字状角声之凄凉怨慕,“阑珊”状长夜之将尽。这是彻夜难眠的人方能感受得如此之真切。大凡长夜失眠,愈近天明,心情愈感烦躁,而此词中的女主人公不仅无暇烦躁,反而还要咽下泪水,强颜欢笑。其心境之苦痛可想而知。结句以三个“瞒”字作结,再次与开头相呼应。既然可恶的封建礼教不允许纯洁高尚的爱情存在,那就把它珍藏在心底吧!因此愈瞒,愈能见出她对陆游的一往情深和矢志不渝的忠诚。

与陆游的原词比较而言,陆游把眼前景、见在事融为一体,又灌之以悔恨交加的心情,着力描绘出一幅凄怆酸楚的感情画面,故颇能以特有的声情见称于后世。而唐婉则不同,她

的处境比陆游更悲惨。自古“愁思之声要妙”,而“穷苦之言易好也”(韩愈《荆潭唱和诗序》)。她只要把自己所遭受的愁苦真切地写出来,就是一首好词。因此,此词纯属自怨自泣、独言独语的感情倾诉,主要以缠绵执着的感情和悲惨的遭遇感动古今。两词所采用的艺术手段虽然不同,但都切合各自的性格、遭遇和身分。可谓各造其极,俱臻至境。合而读之,颇有珠联璧合、相映生辉之妙。

世传唐婉的这首词,在宋人的记载中只有“世情薄,人情恶”两句,并说当时已“惜不得其全阕”(详陈鹄《耆旧续闻》卷十)。此词最早见于明代卓人月所编《古今词统》卷十及清代沈辰垣奉敕编之《历代诗余》卷一一八所引夸娥斋主人说。由于时代略晚,故俞平伯怀疑这是后人依据残存的两句补写而成。

唐婉

唐琬(1128~1156),又名婉,字蕙仙,越州山阴(今浙江绍兴)人。陆游与唐琬以一只精美无比的家传凤钗作信物,与唐家订亲。陆游十九岁(绍兴十四年)与唐琬结合。唐琬的才华横溢与陆游的亲密感情,引起了陆母的不满,遂命陆游休了唐琬。公元1151年(绍兴二十一年),礼部会试失利后陆游到沈园去游玩,偶然遇见了唐琬,两个人都非常难过。陆游感伤地在墙上题了一首《钗头凤·红酥手》词。1156年,唐琬再次来到沈园瞥见陆游的题词,不由感慨万千,于是和了一阕《钗头凤·世情薄》。同年秋,便抑郁而终。

文体特点与翻译要点

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公文文体 特点 一、明确清晰,避免晦涩。好的公文用词准确,避免用模棱两可之词。 二、严谨紧凑,避免松散。公文行文紧凑,能抓住公众或者读者注意力,避 免用过多的插入语,尽量避免使用描写性修饰语,力图保持公众或读者在思维和视觉上的连贯感。 三、程式规范化,避免标新立异。程式化标准化的公文程式使办事者一看就 知道什么事,怎么办。 现代英语公文文体呈现僵化趋势: 一、用词生涩,句式拖沓。 二、内容空洞,故弄玄虚。 三、拘泥形式,繁文缛节。 四、句子冗长,结构盘错。 汉译要点 一、首先抓住对原文的透彻理解 二、翻译公文文体的英语材料时,译者必须注意汉语语体 三、翻译公文英语时必须注意该材料所涉及的专业内容、了解专业词汇和术语的 涵义,最好具有有关专业的必要知识。 四、翻译公文必须注意形式问题,包括公文程式、格式、体例等等。 五、译文所用词应严格遵守“一贯性”的原则,在同一篇或同一类材料中不应一 词数译,莫衷一是,造成概念混淆。 描述及叙述文体 特点 一、用词最丰富。题材广泛,进行描绘,记述剖析;语域最宽,可有正式英 语非正式英语,口语,书面语,也可大量使用俚语甚至方言。 二、语言现象丰富。语法现象多,特别是假设语气,绝对式分词结构。句型 变化多。修辞手法特别是比喻、比拟、夸张、强调或倒装和对仗。 三、情态最丰富。诉诸人人感情,注重感染力。 四、风格最多样。不同时代具有不同的文风。 汉译要点 一、必须紧紧抓住深透理解原文这一基本环节 二、尽量做到赏心悦目

翻译 中英对译 英文散文赏析

原文 巷 柯灵译者-张培基 巷,是城市建筑艺术中一篇飘逸恬静的散文,一幅古雅冲淡的图画①。这种巷,常在江南的小城市中,有如古代的少女,躲在僻静的深闺,轻易不肯抛头露面②。你要在这种城市里住久了,和它真正成了莫逆,你才有机会看见她③,接触到她优娴贞静的风度。 人耐心静静走去,要老半天才走完。它又这么曲折, 什么时候,你向巷中踅去,都如宁静的黄昏,可以清晰地听到自己的 斑斑驳驳的苔痕,墙上挂着一串串苍翠欲滴 的藤萝,简直像古朴的屏风。春来 小巷的动人处就是它无比的悠闲。无论是谁, 你的心情就会如巷尾不波的古井,那是一种和平的静穆,而不是阴森和肃杀⑩。它闹中取静,别有天地,仍是人间。它可能是一条现代的乌衣巷(11),家家有自 己的一本哀乐帐, 使人忘忧。 译文 The Lane Ke Ling The lane, in terms of the art of urban architecture, is like a piece of prose of gentle gracefulness or a painting of classic elegance and simplicity①.

a small the lane, a maiden of ancient times hidden away in a secluded boudoir, is reluctant to make its appearance long time.③ The does not taste of the countryside at all. It is long and deep, so it will take you a long while to walk patiently and quietly through it from end to end. It is also so winding that it seems ⑤when you look far ahead, but if you keep walking until you take a turning, you’ll find it again lying endless and still more quiet. There is nothing but stillness there⑥. At any hour of day, you can even distinctly hear in the , which, moss-covered and hung with clusters of fresh green wisteria, look almost like screens of primitive simplicity. Inside the walls are residents’ gardens with In spring, beautiful peach and apricot blossoms atop the walls, ⑧waving their red sleeves, will sway hospitably to beckon the pedestrians. The charm of the lane lies in its absolute serenity. No matter who you are, if you in the lane for a while⑨, your mind will become as unruffled as the ancient well at the end of the lane. There you will a kind of peaceful calmness rather than gloomy sternness⑩. There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle. It is a world of its own on earth. It may be a modern (11)where each family, secluded behind closed doors, has its own covered-up story of (12)The all-pervading and all-purifying atmosphere of water-like placidness makes one forget all cares and worries.

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新高考赢在阅读高二英语时文阅读专版(含原文翻译及答案解析)

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