美赛历年试题翻译
1999美国数学建模数学竞赛试题及翻译

1999 MCM A: Deep ImpactFor some time, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been considering the consequences of a large asteroid impact on the earth. As part of this effort, your team has been asked to consider the effects of such an impact were the asteroid to land in Antarctica. There are concerns that an impact there could have considerably different consequences than one striking elsewhere on the planet.You are to assume that an asteroid is on the order of 1000 m in diameter, and that it strikes the Antarctic continent directly at the South Pole.Your team has been asked to provide an assessment of the impact of such an asteroid. In particular, NASA would like an estimate of the amount and location of likely human casualties from this impact, an estimate of the damage done to the food production regions in the oceans of the southern hemisphere, and an estimate of possible coastal flooding caused by large-scale melting of the Antarctic polar ice sheet.NASA(航空航天管理局)常常考虑这样一个问题:一颗较大的小行星与地球的碰撞将会产生怎样的后果。
美国数学建模题目至翻译

美国数学建模题目2017至2017翻译篇一:2017年建模美赛C题带翻译Problem C: “Cooperate and navigate”Traffic capacity is limited in many regions of the United States due to the number of lanes of roads.For example, in the Greater Seattle area drivers experience long delays during peak traffic hoursbecause the volume of traffic exceeds the designed capacity of the road networks. This is particularlypronounced on Interstates 5, 90, and 405, as well as State Route 520, the roads of particular interestfor this problem.Self-driving, cooperating cars have been proposed as a solution to increase capacity of highwayswithout increasing number of lanes or roads. The behavior of these cars interacting with the existingtraffic flow and each other is not well understood at this point.The Governor of the state of Washington has asked for analysis of the effects of allowing self-driving,cooperating cars on the roads listed above in Thurston, Pierce, King, and Snohomish counties. (Seethe provided map and Excel spreadsheet).In particular, how do the effects change as thepercentage of self-driving cars increases from 10% to 50% to 90%? Do equilibria exist? Is there atipping point where performance changes markedly? Under what conditions, if any, should lanes bededicated to these cars? Does your analysis of your model suggest any other policy changes?Your answer should include a model of the effects on traffic flow of the number of lanes, peak and/oraverage traffic volume, and percentage of vehicles using self-driving, cooperating systems. Yourmodel should address cooperation between self-driving cars as well as the interaction between self-driving and non-self-driving vehicles. Your model should then be applied to the data for the roads ofinterest, provided in the attached Excel spreadsheet.Your MCM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet, a 1-2 page letter to theGovernor’s office, and your solution (not to exceed 20 pages) for a maximum of 23 pages. Note: Theappendix and references do not count toward the 23 page limit. Some useful background information:On average, 8% of the daily traffic volume occurs during peak travel hours. ? The nominal speed limit for all these roads is 60 miles per hour.? Mileposts are numbered from south to north, and west to east.? Lane widths are the standard 12 feet.? Highway 90 is classified as a state route until it intersects Interstate 5.? In case of any conflict between the data provided in this problem and any other source, use thedata provided in this problem.Definitions:milepost: A marker on the road that measures distance in miles from either the start of the route or astate boundary.average daily traffic: The average number of cars per day driving on the road.interstate: A limited access highway, part of a national system.state route: A state highway that may or may not be limited access.route ID: The number of the highway.increasing direction: Northbound for N-S roads, Eastbound for E-W roads.decreasing direction: Southbound for N-S roads, Westbound for E-W roads.问题C:“合作和导航”由于道路的数量,美国许多地区的交通容量有限。
历年美国大学生数学建模竞赛试题MCM.翻译版doc

1985 年美国大学生数学建模竞赛MCM 试题1985年MCM:动物种群选择适宜的鱼类和哺乳动物数据准确模型。
模型动物的自然表达人口水平与环境相互作用的不同群体的环境的重要参数,然后调整账户获取表单模型符合实际的动物提取的方法。
包括任何食物或限制以外的空间限制,得到数据的支持。
考虑所涉及的各种数量的价值,收获数量和人口规模本身,为了设计一个数字量代表的整体价值收获。
找到一个收集政策的人口规模和时间优化的价值收获在很长一段时间。
检查政策优化价值在现实的环境条件。
1985年MCM B:战略储藏管理钴、不产生在美国,许多行业至关重要。
(国防占17%的钴生产。
1979年)钴大局部来自非洲中部,一个政治上不稳定的地区。
1946年的战略和关键材料储藏法案需要钴储藏,将美国政府通过一项为期三年的战争。
建立了库存在1950年代,出售大局部在1970年代初,然后决定在1970年代末建立起来,与8540万磅。
大约一半的库存目标的储藏已经在1982年收购了。
建立一个数学模型来管理储藏的战略金属钴。
你需要考虑这样的问题:库存应该有多大?以什么速度应该被收购?一个合理的代价是什么金属?你也要考虑这样的问题:什么时候库存应该画下来吗?以什么速度应该是画下来吗?在金属价格是合理出售什么?它应该如何分配?有用的信息在钴政府方案在2500万年需要2500万磅的钴。
美国大约有1亿磅的钴矿床。
生产变得经济可行当价格到达22美元/磅(如发生在1981年)。
要花四年滚动操作,和thsn六百万英镑每年可以生产。
1980年,120万磅的钴回收,总消费的7%。
1986 年美国大学生数学建模竞赛MCM 试题1986年MCM A:水文数据下表给出了Z的水深度尺外表点的直角坐标X,Y在码(14数据点表省略)。
深度测量在退潮。
你的船有一个五英尺的草案。
你应该防止什么地区的矩形(75200)X(-50、150)?1986年MCM B:Emergency-Facilities位置迄今为止,力拓的乡牧场没有自己的应急设施。
美赛A题翻译

2017MCMProblemA:Managing TheZambeziRiver管理赞比西河TheKaribaDamontheZambezi River is oneofthelarger dams inAfrica.Its constructionwas controversial, anda2015report bytheInstitute ofRisk Management ofSouth Africaincludedawarningthatthedamis indire need of maintenance.A numberofoptionsareavailabletotheZambezi River Authority(ZRA) thatmight addressthesituation.Threeoptionsinparticular are ofinteresttoZRA:赞比西河上的卡里巴大坝是非洲的一个大水坝。
它的建设是有争议的,南非风险管理研究所2015年的报告包括警告大坝急需维修。
一些由赞比西河管理局(ZRA)所接受的方案,可能会解决问题。
特别是三个ZRA感兴趣的选择:(Option1) Repairingthe existingKaribaDam,修复现有的卡里巴大坝,(Option2)Rebuildingthe existingKaribaDam,or改造现有的卡里巴大坝,或者(Option3) RemovingtheKaribaDam andreplacingitwithaseriesoftentotwentysmaller dams alongtheZambezi River.移除卡里巴大坝并用沿赞比西河一系列的十到二十个小坝取代它。
There aretwomainrequirementsfor this problem:这个问题有两个主要的要求:Requirement1ZRAmanagementrequires a brief assessmentofthethree optionslisted, withsufficientdetailtoprovide an overviewof potential costsand benefitsassociatedwith eachoption. This requirementshouldnot exceedtwo pagesinlength,and mustbe providedinadditiontoyour mainreport.要求一:ZRA管理要求对列出的三个选项作简要评价,提供足够的细节,提供与每个选项相关的潜在成本和效益概述。
2024年美赛竞赛赛题解析

2024年美赛竞赛赛题解析(中英文版)英文文档:Title: Analysis of the 2024 American Mathematics Competition (AMC) QuestionsThe American Mathematics Competition (AMC) is an annual mathematics examination for high school students in the United States.The 2024 AMC questions are designed to test students" mathematical knowledge, problem-solving skills, and creativity.In this article, we will analyze the key features and trends of the 2024 AMC questions.Firstly, the 2024 AMC questions cover a wide range of mathematical topics, including algebra, geometry, probability, and calculus.These topics are essential components of a comprehensive mathematics education.The questions are designed to assess students" understanding of these topics and their ability to apply mathematical concepts to solve problems.Secondly, the 2024 AMC questions require students to think critically and logically.Many questions are word problems that require students to interpret mathematical information, identify relevant equations or theorems, and develop a plan to solve the problem.The ability to communicate mathematical ideas clearly and effectively is alsoan important aspect of the examination.Thirdly, the 2024 AMC questions emphasize problem-solving skills.Students are required to use various strategies, such as substitution, elimination, and iteration, to find solutions.The examination also tests students" ability to estimate solutions and determine the reasonableness of their answers.Fourthly, the 2024 AMC questions encourage students to think creatively and explore mathematical concepts beyond traditional problem-solving methods.Some questions may have multiple solutions or require students to develop their own original solutions.This encourages students to think outside the box and explore the boundaries of mathematical knowledge.In conclusion, the 2024 American Mathematics Competition (AMC) questions are designed to assess students" mathematical knowledge, problem-solving skills, and creativity.The questions cover a wide range of topics and require students to think critically, logically, and creatively.By participating in the AMC, students can improve their mathematical abilities and expand their horizons in the field of mathematics.中文文档:标题:2024年美国数学竞赛(AMC)题目解析美国数学竞赛(AMC)是一项年度数学考试,面向美国高中学生。
美赛B题翻译

寻找失联飞机
回想失恋的马航MH370.建立一个通用的数学模型协助计划利用可行搜索手段的搜寻人员,来搜索在从A点飞向B点过程中坠入公开水域例如大西洋、太平洋、印度洋、南极洋或者北冰洋的飞机。
假设坠落飞机没有信号。
你的模型应该认识到,我们可能搜索各种各样的飞机,也应该意识到,携带各种不同电子设备或传感器的搜寻飞机也有很多种。
另外,为航空公司准备1-2页的非技术性文章,以为其在关于未来飞机搜寻计划的新闻发布会上使用。
年美赛d题题目翻译

问题D:优化机场安全检查站乘客吞吐量继2001年9月11日美国发生恐怖袭击事件后,全世界的机场安全状况得到显着改善。
机场有安全检查站。
在那里,乘客及其行李被检查爆炸物和其他危险物品。
这些安全措施的目的是防止乘客劫持或摧毁飞机,并在旅行期间保持所有乘客的安全。
然而,航空公司有既得利益,通过最小化他们在安全检查站排队等候并等待他们的航班的时间,来保持乘客积极的飞行体验。
因此,在最大化安全性和最小化对乘客的不便之前存在对立。
在2016年,美国运输安全局(TSA)受到了对极长线路,特别是在芝加哥的奥黑尔国际机场的尖锐批评。
在此公众关注之后,TSA投资对其检查点设备和程序进行了若干修改,并增加了在高度拥堵的机场中的人员配置。
虽然这些修改在减少等待时间方面有一定的成功,但TSA在实施新措施和增加人员配置方面花费了多少成本尚不清楚。
除了在奥黑尔机场的问题,还有在其他机场,包括通常排队等待时间较短的机场,会出现不明原因和不可预测的排队拥挤情况的事件。
检查点排队状况的这种高度变化性对于乘客来说可能是极其不利的,因为他们面临着不必要地早到达或可能赶不上他们的预定航班的风险。
许多新闻文章,包括[1,2,3,4,5],描述了与机场安全检查站相关的一些问题。
您的内部控制管理(ICM)团队已经与TSA签订合同,审查机场安全检查站和人员配置,以确定潜在的干扰乘客吞吐量的瓶颈。
他们特别感兴趣的解决方案是,既增加检查点吞吐量,减少等待时间的变化,同时保持相同的安全和安全标准。
美国机场安全检查点的当前流程如图1所示。
区域A:乘客随机到达检查站,并等待队列,直到安全人员可以检查他们的身份证明和登机文件。
区域B:然后乘客移动到打开检查的队列;根据机场的预期活动水平,可能开放更多或更少的线路。
一旦乘客到达这个队列的前面,他们准备所有的物品用于X射线检查。
乘客必须去除鞋子,皮带,夹克,金属物体,电子产品和带液体容器,将它们放置在单独的X射线箱中;笔记本电脑和一些医疗设备也需要从其袋中取出并放置在单独的容器中。
建模美赛C题带翻译

Problem C: “Cooperate and navigate”Traffic capacity is limited in many regions of the United States due to the number of lanes of roads. For example, in the Greater Seattle area drivers experience long delays during peak traffic hours because the volume of traffic exceeds the designed capacity of the road networks. This is particularly pronounced on Interstates 5, 90, and 405, as well as State Route 520, the roads of particular interest for this problem.Self-driving, cooperating cars have been proposed as a solution to increase capacity of highways without increasing number of lanes or roads. The behavior of these cars interacting with the existing traffic flow and each other is not well understood at this point.The Governor of the state of Washington has asked for analysis of the effects of allowing self-driving, cooperating cars on the roads listed above in Thurston, Pierce, King, and Snohomish counties. (See the provided map and Excel spreadsheet). In particular, how do the effects change as the percentage of self-driving cars increases from 10% to 50% to 90%? Do equilibria exist? Is there a tipping point where performance changes markedly? Under what conditions, if any, should lanes be dedicated to these cars? Does your analysis of your model suggest any other policy changes?Your answer should include a model of the effects on traffic flow of the number of lanes, peak and/or average traffic volume, and percentage of vehicles using self-driving, cooperating systems. Your model should address cooperation between self-driving cars as well as the interaction between self- driving and non-self-driving vehicles. Your model should then be applied to the data for the roads of interest, provided in the attached Excel spreadsheet.Your MCM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet, a 1-2 page letter to the Governor’s office, and your solution (not to exceed 20 pages) for a maximum of 23 pages. Note: The appendix and references do not count toward the 23 page limit. Some useful background information:On average, 8% of the daily traffic volume occurs during peak travel hours.•The nominal speed limit for all these roads is 60 miles per hour.•Mileposts are numbered from south to north, and west to east.•Lane widths are the standard 12 feet.•Highway 90 is classified as a state route until it intersects Interstate 5.•In case of any conflict between the data provided in this problem and any other source, use the data provided in this problem.Definitions:milepost: A marker on the road that measures distance in miles from either the start of the route or astate boundary.average daily traffic: The average number of cars per day driving on the road.interstate: A limited access highway, part of a national system.state route: A state highway that may or may not be limited access.route ID: The number of the highway.increasing direction: Northbound for N-S roads, Eastbound for E-W roads.decreasing direction: Southbound for N-S roads, Westbound for E-W roads.问题C:“合作和导航”由于道路的数量,美国许多地区的交通容量有限。
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MCM1998问题-A磁共振成像扫描仪引言用于工业和医疗的磁共振成像扫描仪诊断机对像脑那样的三维物体进行扫描,并把扫描的结果以三维像素阵列的形式传送之。
每个像素由一个指示其颜色或灰度的数构成,它对像素所在位置处的被扫描物体的一个小区域中含水量(浓度)的度量进行编码。
例如,0能以黑色来描绘出高含水量(脑室、血管),128能以灰色来描绘出中等含水量(脑核和灰质),而255以白色来描绘出低含水量(组成有髓体轴的富含脂类白质)。
这类磁共振成像扫描仪还包括能在屏幕画出通过该三维像素阵列的平行或垂直片(与三个笛卡尔坐标轴平行的平片)的设备.能够描绘出斜的平片的算法是专卖的。
眼下的算法利用了角度及可供使用的参数选择而受到限制,算法的执行也有赖于大量使用专用的工作站;在切片之前缺少在画面上作点的输入能力;从而使原始像素间明晰的边界变得模糊。
能在个人计算机上实现的更为准确可靠的、灵活的算法对于以下几方面来说将是极为有用的:①设计尽可能少的介入处理;②校准磁共振成像扫描仪;②研究诸如动物研究中尸体解剖组织部分那样的在空间中斜向的结构;④能作出以任意角度和由黑白固线组成的脑图谱相交的截面。
为设计这样的算法,就要能存取任意像素的值和位置,不仅仅是由扫描仪收集到的原始数据。
问题设计并测试能产生与三维阵列在空间任意指向的平面的截面部分的算法,并尽可能保持原始的灰度值。
数据集典型的数据集由表示物体在位置处的浓度的由数A(i,j,k)构成的三维阵列A典型的情形,A(i,j,k)的取值范围为0到255.在大多数应用中,该数据集是相当大的。
参赛队要设计用以测试井论证其算法的数据集。
数据集应能反映大概是有诊断意义的情况。
参赛队还应叙述限制其算法有效性的数据集的特征。
总结算法一定要生成由空间一平面与三维阵列相交出的切片部分的图象。
这种平面在空间可以钉任意的指向和位置(该平面可能会漏掉一些或全部数据点)。
算法的结果应该是所扫描的物体在所选平面上的浓度的一个模型。
AMCM98问题-B 成绩给分的通胀背景一些行政领导很为A Better class(ABL)学院的成绩给分担扰。
平均说来,ABC 学院的教师一直在给高分(现在结出的平均成绩分数为A-),从而不可能区分好学生和中等水平的学生。
金额很大的奖学金只能资助班上前10%的学生,因而要对班上的学生排名次。
院长有一想法:把班上每个学生和其他学生进行比较,并用比较获得的信息来排名次。
例如,若某个学生得分为A而全班学生都得A,那么这个学生只能属于这个班上的“平均水平”。
另一方面,如果班上只有一个学生得A,那么这个学生显然在“平均水平之上”,结合几门课中得到的比较信息就能把全校的学生按十分位数排名次(前l0%。
次l0%,……,等等)。
问题假定给出的成绩记分为(A+,A,A-,B+,^…)院长的想法能否实现?假定给出的成绩记分只有(A、B,C…)院长的想法能否实现?有没有其他能给出名次排列的方案?一种担心是,一个班级的成绩记分可能会改变许多学生的十分位数的排名次。
可能出现这种情况吗?数据集参赛队要设计用以测试并论证其算法的数据集,参赛队还应叙述限制其算法有效性的数据集的特征。
AMCM99问题-A 大碰撞NASA(航空航天管理局)常常考虑这样一个问题:一颗较大的小行星与地球的碰撞将会产生怎样的后果。
作为这个问题的一部分,要求你们讨论这颗小行星该到地球南极所造成的后果,有人认为其后果将与该行星撞到地球其它区域的后果有很大的不同。
你们可以假设这颗小行星的直径大约为l000米,并且立接撞在南极点处。
你们应当给出这样一次碰撞的后果的估计,特别地,NASA希望得到由这次碰撞所造成的人员伤亡的地区及数量的估计,还希望得到关于对南半球的大洋区域的农作物生长的危害的估计,以及由于南极冰层大规模融化引起的沿海洪水的一个估计。
AMCM99问题-B“非法”聚会许多公共设施的房间都柯一种标有人数的记号,当房间中人数超过记号上人数时就视为“非法”,该数目可假定是以紧急情况下从房屋出口逃出的人数为基准确定的,类似地,电梯及其它设施经常有一个“最大容量”。
建立数学模型以确定标上多大人数值才是“合法容量”,作为求解的一部分要讨论若干准则(并非在火灾或其它紧急情况下的公共安全)决定出房屋〔或空间)达到“非法”聚会的人数,而且,在所建模型中要考虑几种不同的房屋结构,例如,像咖啡屋(拥有桌和椅子)那样具有可移动家俱的房子,具有成排椅子和走廊的演训厅等,你还可以对各种不同情形进行比较与对比,例如:电梯,演讲厅,游泳池,咖啡屋或健身房等。
收集摇滚音乐会或足球比赛的相关资料也许会为你提供一些特殊的信息。
将所建模型用于你所在学院(或附近城镇)的一个或多个公共设施中,如果该类设施已标有“合法”人数的话,请将模型所得结果与之比较。
如果得到使用,你的模型可能部分受到利益驱动下要增加容量之观点的挑战,为当地报刊撰写一篇文章以捍卫模型所给的分析。
AMCM1999问题- C大地污染背景若干实践中重要但理论上困难的数学问题与污染的评估有关。
这种问题之一就是根据只是在被怀疑为已污染地区的周围而不必直接在该地区中测得的很少的测量数据来导出不易进入的地下的渗漏污染物的位置和数量、以及污染源的精确估计。
例子数据可通过/mcm.prodata.xis 找到。
该数据集(一种电子表格文件an Excel file),它能卸载到大多数电子数据表(spreadsheets)展示了从1990到1997在10个监测井处地下水中污染物的数量数据。
单位是微克(mg/l)。
8个测井的位置和高度是已知的并在下表给出。
头两个数是在一张地图的直角格点上井的位置的坐标。
第三个数是井中水面高出平均海平面的高度(以英尺计)。
数据集中另两个井(MW-27和MW-33)的位置和高度不同。
在该数据集中你还会看到数字后面的字母T(Top),M(Middle)或B(Bottom),它们分别表示测量是在井的含水层的顶部、中部和底部进行的。
因此,MW-7B和MWffice:smarttags" />-7M是来自同一个井,但分别是底部和中部的测量。
此外,其它的测量数据表明水有流向该区域中的MW-9号井的趋势。
问题一试建立一个数学模型来决定在由该数据集来表示的区域和时间里是否由任何新的污染物产生。
若有,试识别新的污染物并估计它们的污染源的位置和时间。
问题二在收集任何数据之前,会提出下列问题:是否拟议中的数据类型和模型能给出关于污染物所在的位置和数量的我们想要的估计。
液态的化学物质会从埋置在均匀的土壤的储藏中的一个储藏罐中渗漏。
因为若要在许多大罐的下面去探测的费用会过分昂贵而且危险,所以只能在储藏设备的边缘地区附近或在看来更合适的地区的表面进行测量。
试决定只是在整个储藏罐的边界的外面或表面进行什么样类型的测量以及测量数目可以用于一个数学模型以决定上楼是否发生,何时发生,何处(从哪个罐)发生,以及渗漏多少液体。
2000 MCM ProblemsProblem A Air traffic ControlTo improve safety and reduce air traffic controller workload, the Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) is considering adding software to the air traffic control system that would automatically detect potential aircraft flight path conflicts and alert the controller. To that end, an analyst at the FAAr traffic control system that would automatically detect potential aircraft flight path conflicts and alert the controller. To that end, an analyst at the FAA has posed the following problemsRequirement A: Given two airplanes flying in space, when should the air traffic controller ld the air traffic controller consider the objects to be too close and to require intervention?Requirement B: An airspace sector is the section of three-dimensional airspace that one air traffic controller controls. Given any airspace sector, how we measure how complex it is from an air traffic workload perspective? To what extent is complexity determined by the number of we measure how complex it is from an air traffic workload perspective? To what extent is complexity determined by the number of aircraft simultaneously passing through that sector (1) at any one instant? (2) During any given interval of time? (3) During particular time of day? How does the number of potential conflicts arising during those periods affect complexity?Does the presence of additional software tools to automatically predict conflicts and alert the controller reduce or add to this complexity?In addition to the guidelines for your report, write a summary (no more than two pages) that the FAA analyst can present to Jane Garvey, the FAA Administrator, to defend your conclusions问题A: 空间交通管制为加强安全并减少空中交通指挥员的工作量,联邦航空局(FAA)考虑对空中交通管制系统添加软件,以便自动探测飞行器飞行路线可能的冲突,并提醒指挥员。