2015年MCM美赛题目及翻译
2015年数模小美赛C题翻译参考
C题原文Why people turn to terrorism, and especially suicidal terrorism?What are the major reasons? It’s typically a combination of big issues and little ones, or what some call “push and pull” factors. The bigger issues include alienation, shared anger or outrage (e.g. at some foreign policy), frustration, disillusionment, a sense of victimization by the actions, or in the case of Syria, inactions, of others.The littler issues, the “lures” include the perceived benefits of turning - e.g. adventure, excitement, camaraderie, a sense of belonging,being part of something far bigger etc. The key to understanding is not just to ask why people turn but how they turn, and what strategies recruiters use in that process. Effective recruiters will use whatever tools in their arsenal to pull someone in, whether it is convincing them of their duty to go fight in defense of others,to convincing them that involvement offers them a way out of the humiliation and victimization the recruiter will remind the young person they are otherwise destined to face at home. Radicalization,and how it relates to recruitment (and how we respond to it) is a constantly changing system. Some extreme traits are not as disadvantageous for fitness, as they appear to be for social adaptation or well-being, even when severely disordered subjects are examined.In fact, some traits increase in severity, they become more advantageous for attracting more mates and even producing more offspring.This would characterize these traits as risky shortcuts to fitness,owing less to failures than to the twists and turns made by genes in order to perpetuate themselves. Why someone joins today is different to why someone might have joined even the same group three years ago. The idealism that helps draw someone into terrorism often conflicts with the reality as experienced by the newly minted recruit.Entrapment (in a psychological sense) develops quickly and recruits have to cope with that disillusionment one way or another.You acquiesce to it and move on, maybe by embracing ideological content or seeking comfort in the camaraderie. Or you struggle with and try to conceal it until you can get out. Some terrorists report being disillusioned long before they have been able to disengage from terrorism. They report a sense of suffocation - being unable to leave for fear of retaliation (either by the terrorists or by the State) and being equally afraid of their disillusionment being detected by those close to them in the movement. We need to do a better job of providing “o ff-ramps” not just for people who are on the road to terrorism in the first place, but also to those who have gotten themselves in a jam and want to get out before it’s too late. We need to know their certain psychological characteristics.Consider two questions. First: Who are you? What makes you different from your peers, in terms of the things you buy, the clothes you wear, and the car you drive (or refuse to)? What makes you unique in terms of your basic psychological make-up-the part of you that makes you do the things you do, say the things you say, and feel the things you feel? And the second question: How do you use the internet?Although these questions may seem unrelated, they’re not. Clearly the content of your internet usage can suggest certain psychological characteristics. Spending a lot of late nights playing high stakes internet poker? Chances are you area risk taker. Like to post videos of yourself doing karaoke on YouTube? Clearly an extravert. Choose to play as a opposite gender character in online games? You want to get attention or kinder treatment from other players.But what about the mechanics of your internet usage - how often you email others, chat online, stream media, play game, or multi-task (switch from one application or website to another)? Can these behaviors - regardless of their content - also predict psychological Why people turn to terrorism, and especially suicidal terrorism?What are the major reasons? It’s typically a combination of big is sues and little ones, or what som e call “push and pull” factors. The bigger issues include alienation, shared anger or outrage (e.g. at some foreign policy), frustration, disillusionment, a sense of victimization by the actions, or in the case of Syria, inactions, of others.The littler is sues, the “lures” include the perceived benefits of turning - e.g. adventure, excitement, camaraderie, a sense of belonging,being part of something far bigger etc. The key to understanding is not just to ask why people turn but how they turn, and what strategies recruiters use in that process. Effective recruiters will use whatever tools in their arsenal to pull someone in, whether it is convincing them of their duty to go fight in defense of others,to convincing them that involvement offers them a way out of the humiliation and victimization the recruiter will remind the young person they are otherwise destined to face at home. Radicalization,and how it relates to recruitment (and how we respond to it) is a constantly changing system. Some extreme traits are not as disadvantageous for fitness, as they appear to be for social adaptation or well-being, even when severely disordered subjects are examined.In fact, some traits increase in severity, they become more advantageous for attracting more mates and even producing more offspring.This would characterize these traits as risky shortcuts to fitness, owing less to failures than to the twists and turns made by genes in order to perpetuate themselves.Why someone joins today is different to why someone might have joined even the same group three years ago. The idealism that helps draw someone into terrorism 1characteristics?Assume we can monitor some people’s Internet use. We didn’t know what people were looking at on the internet (for example, depressed person - a dead giveaway), but merely how they were using the internet. None of the data categories gave specific information about what websites people were visiting, the content of their emails or chats, or the types of files being downloaded - they simply indicated the extent to which people used different broad categories of net-based resources, as well as differences in people’s tendency to use many resources at once.Task 1: Build a mathematical model to obtain a risk index, so we can evaluate the situation of each monitored person use it.Task 2: Experts use the expression big data to indicate huge amounts of information. We’ll get a lot of monitoring data, Please develop a series of statistical techniques to categorize them in an effective, fast and automatic manner.Task 3: If President Obama asked for your advice on fighting terrorism, what would you tell him? What should he do about ISIS?*Your ICM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet and your solution cannot exceed 20 pages for a maximum of 21 pages.C题翻译为什么人们转向恐怖主义，特别是自杀的恐怖主义？主要的原因是什么？它通常是一个大问题和小的组合，或者说什么叫做“推拉”因素。
2015MCM-B题讲解：寻找失踪的MH370
寻找失踪的MH370目录•引言1：中英文赛题•引言2：参赛及获奖情况•一、问题背景•二、前人研究：法航AF447失踪•三、我们的模型•四、灵敏度分析•五、优缺点分析•六、评论•七、原文及个人感想英文赛题•Recall the lost Malaysian flight MH370.Build a generic mathematical model that could assist“searchers”in planning a useful search for a lost plane feared to have crashed in open water such as the Atlantic,Pacific,Indian,Southern,or Arctic Ocean while flying from Point A to Point B.•Assume that there are no signals from the downed plane.Your model should recognize that there are many different types of planes for which we might be searching and that there are many different types of search planes,often using different electronics or sensors.•Additionally,prepare a1-2page non-technical paper for the airlines to use in their press conferences concerning their plan for future searches.中文翻译•回忆失踪的马来西亚MH370飞机。
2015年美国数学建模竞赛第二次模拟赛题
Problem A Warmer Days or Sour Grapes ?The high quality of wines（葡萄酒）produced in the Finger Lakes Region（五指湖区）of upstate （北部）New York is widely known. Proximity（接近）to lakes tempers the climate and makes it more suitable for growing several varieties of premium（独特）grapes: R iesling（雷司令）, G ewürztraminer（琼瑶浆）,C hardonnay（霞多丽）, M erlot（梅洛）, P inot Noir（黑比诺）, and CabernetF ranc（品丽珠）. (There are many more, but we will restrict（限制）the discussion to these six to simplify（简化）the modeling.) Each variety has its own preferred “average temperature” range but is also different in its susceptibility（感受性）to diseases and ability to withstand（抵抗）short periods of unusually cold temperature.As our local climate changes, the relative suitability of these varieties will be changing as well. A forward-looking winery（酒厂）has hired your team to help with the long-term planning. You will need to recommenda) the proportion（比例）of the total vineyard（葡萄园）to be used for growing each of the above six varieties;b) and when should these changes be implemented （实施）(based on observed temperatures and/or current market prices for each type of wine).Naturally, the winery is interested in maximizing its annual profit. But since the latter （后者）is weather-dependent, it might vary a lot year-to-year. You are also asked to evaluate the trade-offs （权衡）between optimizing the expected/average case versus the worst(-realistic-)scenario（情景）.Things to keep in mind:Climate modeling is complicated（复杂）and predicting the rate of “global warming” is a hotly debated area. For the purposes of this problem, assume that the annual average temperature in Ithaca（伊萨卡）, NY will increase by no more than 4°C by the end of this century.It is not all about the average temperature – a short snap（临时）of sub- zero（零度）temperature in late Ferburay or early March (after the vines already started getting used to warmer weather) is far more damaging than the same low temperature would be in the middle of the winter.It takes at least 3 years for a newly planted vine to start producing grapes suitable for winemaking.Problem B Outlook of Car-to-Car TechSAN FRANCISCO -- After more than a decade of research into car-to-car communications, U.S. auto safety regulators took a step forward today by unveiling their plan for requiring cars to have wireless gear that will enable them to warn drivers of danger.These vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) transmitters and software could save thousands of lives and prevent hundreds of thousands of crashes each year by providing cars with information they never will be able to gather simply from cameras and sensors. “Safety is our top priority, and V2V technology represents the next great advance in saving lives,” Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx said in an announcement. “This technology could move us from helping people survive crashes to helping them avoid crashes altogether.”Requirement 1: Present a mathematical model to discuss the reduction of the number of traffic accidents and road fatalities/injuries in San Francisco by V2V technology. Requirement 2: Determine the maximum number of cars in San Francisco due to the V2V technology.Requirement 3: Discuss the benefits of V2V technology to alleviate road congestion. Requirement 4: Provide your recommendation to the government.Prblem C Forest FiresOne major environmental concern is the occurrence of forest fires (also called wildfires), which affect forest preservation, bring economical and ecological damage and endanger human lives. Such phenomenon is due to multiple causes (e.g. human negligence and lightnings). Despite an increasing of state expenses to control this disaster, each year millions of forest hectares (ha) are destroyed all around the world.Fast detection is an important element for successful firefighting. Traditional human surveillance is expensive and affected by subjective factors, there has been an emphasis to develop automatic solutions, such as satellite-based, infrared/smoke scanners and local sensors (e.g. meteorological). Propagation models try to describe the future evolution of the forest fire given an initial scenario and certain input parameters. Modeling the dynamical behavior of fire propagation in a forest is helpful for creating scheme to control and fight fire.Requirement 1 Describe several different metrics that could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of fire detection. Could you combine your metrics to make them even more useful for measuring quality?Requirement 2 Model the dynamical behavior of fire spread in a forest. Requirement 3 Discuss the factors to affect fire occurrence. Which factors are the most critical in causing fires. Build mathematical models to predict the burned area of fires using Meteorological Data.Requirement 4 Give y our suggestion for preventing from forest fire and fighting against it.Problem D Wearable Activity RecognitionThe percentage of EU citizens aged 65 years or over is projected to increase from 17.1% in 2008 to 30.0% in 2060. In particular, the number of 65 years old is projected to rise from 84.6 million to 151.5 million, while the number of people aged 80 or over is projected to almost triple from 21.8 million to 61.4 million (EUROSTAT: New European Population projections 2008–2060). It has been calculated that the purely demographic effect of an ageing population will push up health-care spending by between 1% and 2% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of most member states. At first sight this may not appear to be very much when extended over several decades, but on average it would in fact amount to approximately a 25% increase in spending on health care, as a share of GDP, in the next 50 years (European Economy Commission, 2006). The effective incorporation of technology into health-care systems could therefore be decisive in helping to decrease overall public spending on health. One of these emerging health-care systems is daily living physical activity recognition.Daily living physical activity recognition is currently being applied in chronic disease management (Amft & Troter, 2008; Zwartjes, Heida, van Vugt, Geelen, & Veltink, 2010), rehabilitation systems (Sazonov, Fulk, Sazonova, & Schuckers, 2009) and disease prevention (Sazonov, Fulk, Hill, Schutz, & Browning, 2011; Warren et al., 2010), as well as being a personal indicator to health status (Arcelus et al., 2009). One of the principal subjects of the health related applications being mooted is the monitoring of the elderly. For example, falls represent one of the major risks and obstacles to old people’s independence (Najafi, Aminian, Loew, Blanc, & Robert, 2002; Yu, 2008). This risk is increased when some kind of degenerative disease affects them. Most Alzheimer’s patients, for exa mple, spend a long time every day either sitting or lying down since they would otherwise need continuous vigilance and attention to avoid a fall.The registration of daily events, an important task in anticipating and/or detecting anomalous behavior patterns and a primary step towards carrying out proactive management and personalized treatment, is normally poorly accomplished by patients’ families, healthcare units or auxiliary assistants because of limitations in time and resources. Automatic activity-recognition systems could allow us to conduct a completely detailed monitoring and assessment of the individual, thus significantly reducing current human supervision requirements.Most wearable activity recognition systems assume a predefined sensor deployment that remains unchanged during runtime. However, this assumption does not reflect real-life conditions. During the normal use of such systems, users may place the sensors in a position different from the predefined sensor placement. Also, sensors may move from their original location to a different one, due to a loose attachment. Activity recognition systems trained on activity patterns characteristic of a given sensor deployment may likely fail due to sensor displacements.Your task is as follows.(1) Build models to recognize daily living activities.(2) Explore the effects of sensor displacement induced by both the intentionalmisplacement of sensors and self-placement by the user.(3) Verify your recognition models’ toleranc e to sensor displacement.Data Set Information:The REALDISP (REAListic sensor DISPlacement) dataset has been originally collected to investigate the effects of sensor displacement in the activity recognition process in real-world settings. It builds on the concept of ideal-placement, self-placement and induced- displacement. The ideal and mutual-displacement conditions represent extreme displacement variants and thus could represent boundary conditions for recognition algorithms. In contrast, self-placement reflects a users perception of how sensors could be attached, e.g., in a sports or lifestyle application. The dataset includes a wide range of physical activities (warm up, cool down and fitness exercises), sensor modalities (acceleration, rate of turn, magnetic field and quaternions) and participants (17 subjects). Apart from investigating sensor displacement, the dataset lend itself for benchmarking activity recognition techniques in ideal conditions.Dataset summary:#Activities: 33#Sensors: 9#Subjects: 17#Scenarios: 3ACTIVITY SET:A1: WalkingA2: JoggingA3: RunningA4: Jump upA5: Jump front & backA6: Jump sidewaysA7: Jump leg/arms open/closedA8: Jump ropeA9: Trunk twist (arms outstretched)A10: Trunk twist (elbows bent)A11: Waist bends forwardA12: Waist rotationA13: Waist bends (reach foot with opposite hand)A14: Reach heels backwardsA15: Lateral bend (10_ to the left + 10_ to the right)A16: Lateral bend with arm up (10_ to the left + 10_ to the right)A17: Repetitive forward stretchingA18: Upper trunk and lower body opposite twistA19: Lateral elevation of armsA20: Frontal elevation of armsA21: Frontal hand clapsA22: Frontal crossing of armsA23: Shoulders high-amplitude rotationA24: Shoulders low-amplitude rotationA25: Arms inner rotationA26: Knees (alternating) to the breastA27: Heels (alternating) to the backsideA28: Knees bending (crouching)A29: Knees (alternating) bending forwardA30: Rotation on the kneesA31: RowingA32: Elliptical bikeA33: CyclingSENSOR SETUP:Each sensor provides 3D acceleration (accX,accY,accZ), 3D gyro (gyrX,gyrY,gyrZ), 3D magnetic field orientation (magX,magY,magZ) and 4D quaternions (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4). The sensors are identified according to the body part on which is placed respectively:。
(最新整理)数学建模美赛试题
2015数学建模美赛试题编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2015数学建模美赛试题）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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地球资源的消耗速度快,越来越多的人关注人类社会的未来.自1960年以来，已经有许多专家研究可持续发展.然而大多数人的研究对象是整个世界，一个国家或一个地区。
几乎没有人选择48个最不发达国家(LDC)在联合国为研究对象列表。
然而,LDC国家集团共享许多相同的点。
他们的发展道路也有法律的内涵。
本文选择这些国家为研究对象针对发现常规的可持续发展道路。
本文组织如下.第二部分介绍研究的背景和本研究的意义。
第三节描述了我们对可持续发展的理解细节和显示我们的评估系统的建立过程和原理，那么我们估计每一个国家的LDC和获得可持续发展的能力和等级。
第四节提供了一个最糟糕的国家毛里塔尼亚计划指数在第三节。
第五节演示了在第四节的合理性和可用性计划。
最后在第六节总结本文的主要结论和讨论的力量和潜在的弱点。
地球上的资源是有限的。
三大能源石油、天然气和煤炭可再生。
如何避免人类的发展了资源枯竭和实现可持续发展目标是现在的一个热门话题.在过去的两个世纪,发达国家已经路上,先污染，再控制和达到高水平的可持续发展。
发展中国家希望发展和丰富。
然而,因为他们的技术力量和低水平的经济基础薄弱,浪费和低效率的发展在这些国家是正常的.所以本文主要关注如何帮助发展中国家特别是48在联合国最不发达国家实现可持续发展是列表可持续发展的理解是解决问题的关键.可持续发展的定义经历了一个长期发展的过程.在这里，布伦特兰可持续发展委员会的简短定义的"能力发展可持续- — - — - -以确保它既满足现代人的需求又不损害未来的能力代来满足自己的需求"［1]无疑是最被广泛接受的一个在各种内吗定义.这个定义方面发挥了重要作用在很多国家的政策制定的过程.然而，为了证明一个国家的现状是否可持续不可持续的,更具体的定义是必要的更具体的概念,我们认为,如果一个国家的发展是可持续的,它应该有一个基本的目前的发展水平，一个平衡的国家结构和一个光明的未来。
2015美赛C题翻译
2015 ICM C 题人力资源管理
建立一个由有才能并且训练有素的员工组成的机构是成功的关键之一。 不过为了做到这 点， 一个机构不仅需要招聘雇佣最好的竞聘者， 还要保留素质好的员工并保证他们正确的培 训和工作在合适的职位上， 并且逐渐的确定新的招聘人选来顶替那些离职的员工。 在一个机 构中， 每一个员工都是独一无二的角色。 因此， 一个员工的离职会带来信息和功能上的缺失， 这样就需要新人来顶替这样的缺失。这样的情形发生在体育队、商业公司、学校、政府和其 他几乎所有正式的组织机构中。 人力资源部（HR）的工作人员通过提高员工积极性、协同培训和建立高素质团队来帮 助高级领导层管理员工。尤其是，领导会建立一个有效的机构框架，在这个框架中，人们会 被分配到适合他们才能和经验的职位上， 而且有效的交流系统会促进创新想法和优质产品的 发展 （包括商品和服务） 。 这些人才管理和团队组建的方式现在广泛应用于很多组织机构中。 在一个机构中管理人力资源的流动网络需要了解员工对于公司或其分部的忠诚度， 在工 作场所中建立信任，管理员工之间正式和非正式关系的形成、消除和保持。当离职或退休的 的员工被顶替的时候，这些导致的动荡被统称为机构的“流失效应” 。现在人力资源部的经 理要求你们的团队来建立一个框架和模型来了解一个拥有 370 名员工的信息合作制造集团 （Information Cooperative Manufacturing，简称做 ICM）其中的流失效应。这个 ICM 集团在 市场中很有竞争力，因此要进行有效的人力资源管理也就很具有挑战性。 人力资源部经理想要通过建立一个网络模型来绘制出来集团中的人力资源。 下面是你们 需要注意的一些因素： 1. ICM 集团想要在早期阶段就确定员工流失的几率， 因为在员工任职的早期提高其忠诚度要 比在企业文化形成之后再来改善更加划算。 在一开始的时候就促进劳动力也要比在后期提供 激励来挽留员工更加有效。 2. 如果一个员工和另一个已经离职的员工有某些联系，那么这个员工更容易离职。这样看 来员工流失很像是从一个员工传播到另一个员工。 所以， 确定出那些很可能离职的员工是用 来阻止更多员工离职的有用的信息。 3. 人力资源部的一项工作就是让员工在正确的职位上工作，这样他们的知识和能力才能被 最大化。现在每个员工每年会得到一个基于工作表现评价，这个评价由他的主管给出。而这 些评价现在并没有被人力资源部使用。 4. ICM 集团意识到，中层干部（初级经理、有经验的主管、无经验的主管）经常会感到很少 有升职的机会因而觉得职位到了瓶颈， 这样如果他们找到了一个相近或更好的工作就很可能 会跳槽。这些中层职位往往都有很高的人事变动率（大概是其他职位的两倍）并且随时都需 要补充。 5. 招聘高素质的员工是有难度的，而且费时费钱。在任何时候 ICM 集团的 370 个岗位中经 常只有 85%是满的，并且由于管理的延迟、办公室的容量以及内部晋升，人力资源部会招聘 总岗位的 8%-10%（也就是大概空缺职位的三分之二） 。 6. 为了晋升到更高的职位，现在员工需要先在特定的职位上积累几年的工作经验。这也构 成了人力资源部的主要障碍。 7. 员工流失率一直在稳定地增长，特别是中层经理。ICM 集团的人力资源部把这一点视为 公司面临的最大挑战。首席执行官（CEO）听到现在的流失率达到了每年 18%表示很惊恐。 8. 因为 ICM 集团很担心人手不足， 所以一些勉强合格和不合格的员工都被招入进行试用期， 以此来降低员工流失率， 这样很少有员工被解雇。 这就导致了一些低水平的员工经常会一直 在公司里。员工水平这一问题已经引起了管理层的重视，但是现在还没人有解决方案。 9. 你的机构一直以良好的 CEO-员工工资比引以为傲（CEO 的工资到该是所有员工工资中位 数的 10 倍，而其他很多公司这一比率会达到几百） 。
2015年美国大学生数学建模竞赛MCM ICM参赛帮助中文翻译
数学中国MCM/ICM参赛指南翻译（2015版）（任何单位转载须注明来源：）MCM:The Mathematical Contest in ModelingMCM：数学建模竞赛ICM:The Interdisciplinary Contest in ModelingICM：交叉学科建模竞赛Contest Rules, Registration and Instructions比赛规则，比赛注册方式和参赛指南(All rules and instructions apply to both ICM and MCM contests, except where otherwise noted.)（所有MCM的说明和规则除特别说明以外都适用于ICM）To participate in a contest, each team may consist of a maximum of three students and must be sponsored by a faculty advisor from its institution.每个MCM的参赛队需要由最多三名学生构成，并且要有一名所在单位的指导教师负责。
Team Members: A team may consist of up to three students from the same school and is open to all undergraduate and high school students.参赛队的成员：一个队可以由多达3名来自同一个学校的学生组成，对于所有的大学生和高中生都可以参加。
Team Advisors: Please read these instructions carefully. It is your responsibility to make sure that teams are correctly registered and that all of the following steps required for participation in the contest are completed:Please print a copy of these contest instructions for reference before, during, and after the contest. Click here for the printer friendly version.指导老师：请认真阅读这些说明，确保完成了所有相关的步骤。
2015年美赛D题纯手工翻译---Superman-t
它是可持续的吗？问题背景我们这个时代最大的挑战之一是如何协调持续增长的人口和地球上有限的可消费资源的关系。
我们怎样才能做到这一点的同时，兼顾社会公平的提高并致力于消除贫困？从1960年的现代环保运动开始，平衡人类需要与地球健康成为一个争论很大的话题。
经济的发展和生态系统的健康是相矛盾的吗？为了协调这个困难的平衡，可持续发展的概念在20世纪80年代被提出。
可持续发展在1987年布伦特兰的报告中被定义为“发展既满足当代人的需求又不损害后代人满足其自身需求的能力。
”这个概念提出以后，可持续发展已经成为国际化的援助组织，规划者，政府和非营利性组织的目标。
尽管如此，迈向可持续发展的未来的步伐从未像现在这样迫切。
联合国预测世界人口将在2050年之前达到90亿水平。
这一点，加之不断增长的消费需要，给地球有限的资源施加了更为巨大的压力。
了解地球是一个连接时间和空间的系统是可持续发展的关键。
发展必须着眼于需要（例如，减少世界贫困人口的脆弱性）和限制（例如，环境降解废物的能力）。
在2012年，联合国可持续发展大会认识到：“消除贫困，改变不可持续的并促进可持续的消费和生产模式，以经济和社会发展为基础保护并管理自然资源是可持续发展的首要目标和基本要求。
”减少个人贫穷和脆弱性，鼓励经济发展，保持生态系统健康是可持续发展的支柱。
问题描述The International Conglomerate of Money (ICM) 已聘请你来帮助他们使用其丰富的金融资源和影响力，以创造一个更加可持续的的世界。
他们尤其对发展中国家特别感兴趣，他们相信在那里可以收货自己投资的最大成果。
任务1：为一个国家的可持续发展建立一个模型。
这个模型应该提供一种评估方式用于将更具有可持续发展潜力的国家和政策从可持续发展潜力小的群体中区分出来。
该模型也可以用来告知ICM哪些国家最需要支持和干预。
这些因素可能包括人类健康，粮食安全，获得洁净水，当地环境质量，能源接入的便利性，生计，社会脆弱性和公平可持续发展。
2015数模美赛A题翻译
PROBLEM A: Eradicating EbolaThe world medical association has announced that their new medication could stop Ebola and cure patients whose diseases not advanced. Build a realistic, sensible, and useful model that considers not only the spread of the disease, the quantity of the medicine needed, possible feasible delivery systems, locations of delivery, speed of manufacturing of the vaccine or drug, but also any other critical factors your team considers necessary as part of the model to optimize the eradication of Ebola, or at least its current strain. In addition to your modeling approach for the contest, prepare a 1-2 page non-technical letter for the world medical association to use in their announcement.A消除埃博拉病毒世界医学协会已经宣布他们的新疗法可以阻止埃博拉疫情和治愈非晚期患者。
构建一个现实的、合理的和有用的模型,不仅要考虑疾病的传播,所需药物的数量,可能且可行的给药系统,给药地点,生产疫苗或药物的速度,而且还要考虑其他关键因素（你的团队认为有必要要考虑的）作为模型的一部分以优化消除埃博拉病毒，或至少是现行毒株。
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PROBLEM A: Eradicating（根除）Ebola
The world medical association has announced that their new medication could stop Ebola and cure patients whose disease is not advanced（晚期的）. Build a realistic, sensible, and useful model that considers not only the spread of the disease, the quantity of the medicine needed, possible feasible （可行的）delivery systems, locations of delivery, speed of manufacturing of the vaccine or drug, but also any other critical factors your team considers necessary as part of the model to optimize the eradication of Ebola, or at least its current strain（压力）. In addition to your modeling approach for the contest, prepare a 1-2 page non-technical letter for the world medical association to use in their announcement.
PROBLEM B: Searching for a lost plane
Recall the lost Malaysian flight MH370. Build a generic（一般的）mathematical model that could assist "searchers" in planning a useful search for a lost plane feared to（恐怕） have crashed in open water such as the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, or Arctic Ocean while flying from Point A to Point B. Assume that there are no signals from the downed （坠落的） plane. Your model should recognize that there are many different types of planes for which we might be searching and that there are many different types of search planes, often using different electronics or sensors. Additionally, prepare a 1-2 page non-technical paper for the airlines to use in their press conferences concerning their plan for future searches.。