静态动词与动态动词
静态动词与动态动词
• 静态动词用于进行体时，则成了动态动词， 意义有所不同： He’s being polite today. • They were having a party. • He is resembling his father. • The chef is tasting the soup. • Please be quiet. I’m thinking. • I’m hoping you can make an exception to the children.
• 静态动词： • 表示一种状态，通常用于非进行体；若用进行体， 语义不同. • 1. be, have • 2. 含有be和have 意义的词，如 apply to, belong to, differ from, cost, weight, measure, fit, hold, lack, resemble • 3. 表示感觉的动词：feel, hear, see, smell, taste • 4. 表心理或情感状态的动词：believe, assume, consider, detest, fear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, prefer, remember
动词的时、体、态
• • • • • • 1. 两种时间：现在和过去 2.两种体：进行体和完成体 3. 结合： 现在：一般，进行，完成，完成进行 过去：一般，进行，完成，完成进行 4. 语态：主动和被动; be型被动态和get型 被动态
一般现在时
• 1. 表示不受时限的客观存在（真理、格言、科学 事实等） • 2. 表示习惯性经常性的动作 • 3. 表示现时的状态和现在瞬间动作：What’s the matter with you? You look pale. / What do you think? • 常用于体育的现场报道、戏法表演、操作演示的 解说词中（见教材） • 也用于一些习惯性的用法中：I declare the conference open. / I wish you all the best.
动态和静态动词
He studies in a university. He is studying in the classroom.
静态动词----静--态- 动词描述状态, 一般不用进行时
常见的静态动词:
1. 表达思维活动的动词 admit, agree, believe, know ,mean, realise remember, think , understand, want
He is tasting the soup.
闻起来有…味 + adj. smell
闻 The meat smells good.
The room smells damp.
They can smell the gas.
He is smelling the meat.
看起来…. look 看
+ adj.
有 have
吃, 开, 喝…
We have a second-hand car. She is having some tea. ( drink )
They are having a sports meeting.
认为 think
想/ 考虑/思考 I think it’s a great idea. Do you think they will come? I’m thinking about my exam.
What are you thinking ? 感觉到/ 摸起来 + adj.
feel 觉得/ 感到
I feel tired.
They feel they need more tome. ( 认为 )
静态和动态动词
英语中静态和动态意义主要表现在动词和形容词中。
这两种词类有很多相同的地方．特别是在语义内涵和句法特征方面。
从语义上划分它们都可以分为静态和动态，我们姑且把它们叫做静态词和动态词。
对于这两种词类所具有的静态和动态的语义和句法特征的分析，有助于我们的英语教学和语言的实际运用，本文拟就这方面的问题作一初步的探讨。
1.动词和形容词的静态与动态的概念：不论是动词还是形容词，它们的静态和动态的区别不是很清楚的为了弄清楚他们的静态与动态的基本概念，我们首先要根据它们的语义内涵，认真仔细地将它们进行分类。
例如，有些动词能用于进行体…Hewasreading a book)，表示一种运动状445.这些动词叫做动态动词．有些动词却不能用于进行体〔"He was knowing七加answ er.)只表示一种相对静止状态，它们被称为静态动词，动词的静态和动态意义相对采说比较明显，而形容词的静态和动态慈义比较隐晦，不易区分。
一般采说，那些地于相只炸争止状态．不受人的意识所支配的形容词是静态形容词。
而那些处于暂时状}a具有动态含义并能匀我衡量的形容词是动态形容词。
和动词一样，动态形容词也能用于进行体（如He is being careful），而静态形容词却不能用于进行体（如，He is being tall)，因此，能否用于进行体是区别动词和形容词的静态与动态的主要根据。
除此之外，它们的区别也反映在其它方面；如能否用于、祈使语气．带代用式Do。
的假拟断裂句、便役动词的宾语补足语等等。
2，动词的静态与动态：英语动词按其词汇意义可划分为静态词和动态词，这对正确使用动词的体，（特别是进行体）和其它句法结构具有极其重要的意义。
英语静态动词指的是那些表示相对静止，不以人的意志为转移的动词，它们可分为“1)非活动性的感觉动词，2）认识动词，3）关系动词．动态动词是表示运动状态的动词，它们可分成五类：1）瞬间动词，2）活动动词，3）过程动词，4）趋向动词，5）感觉动词。
静态动词与动态动词
静态动词与动态动词动词按其词汇意义可分为动态动词（Dynamic Verb）和静态动词（Static Verb）。
1）动态动词表示一种运动状态，绝大多数动词是动态动词。
动态动词既可用于进行体，也可用于非进行体。
动态动词大体分为三类：a）表示持续动作的动词：drink，eat，read，write，walk，run，play，talk，fly，watch 等。
b）表示短暂动作的动词：leave，go，come，see，arise，break，open，meet，close，join，jump，admit，discover等。
c）表示位移或状态改变的动词：become，turn，grow，change，come，go等。
例 1 He is writing a letter to his friend．他正在给朋友写信。
例 2 He closed the windows．他关上了窗子。
例 3 The leaves on the tress are turning green．树叶正在转绿。
例 4 He changed his mind．他改变了想法。
2）静态动词表示一种相对静止的动词，常用于非进行体，也可归纳为三类：a）表示各种关系的动词：如contain，belong，consist of，have，concern，owe，involve，resemble，differ，exist，hold，cost，fit，lack，matter，compare，deserve，measure，weigh等。
b）表示感觉感知的动词：如feel，see，taste，smell，hear等。
c）表示心理状态的动词：如think，believe，know，consider，hope，want，mean，forget，remember，expect，understand，leave，hate，regret，envy，admire，suppose，fear，care等。
关于英语动态动词语静态动词的用法(吉林)
关于英语动态动词与静态动词的用法李丽华（鞍山师范学院外语系鞍山114005）摘要：本文从英语动态动词和静态动词的分类入手，根据分析和比较的结果，系统地阐述动态动词和静态动词的用法。
关键词：动态动词静态动词Abstract: This thesis elaborates the usage of the English dynamic and stative verbs systematically and focusses the attention on the accurate use of various verbs in the Englishlanguage.Key Wrds: Dynamic verbs Stative verbs英语中的动态动作和静态状态可以表现在动词中,从语义角度讲,动词可以分为动态和静态。
本文着重就动态动词(dynamic verbs)和静态动词(stative verbs)的语义和句法特征做进一步的分析。
一、动词（dynamic verbs）和静态动词(stative verbs)的概念及分类。
实义动词按其语义特征可以分为动态动词和静态动词。
1．动态动词(dynamic verbs)：表示运动状态的动词。
这类动词分为五种：（1）活动动词(activity verbs)（2）过程动词(process verbs)（3）感觉动词(verbs of bodily sensation)（4）过渡性动词(transitional verbs)（5）瞬间动词(momentary verbs)2．静态动词(stative verbs)：表示相对静止状态的动词。
这类动词分为三种：（1）感觉动词(verbs of perception)（2）认识动词(verbs of cogition)（3）关系动词(relation verbs)二、动态动词(dynamic verbs)1．活动动词(activity verbs)：这类动词表示动作的发出者的有意识的，主动的行为。
Grammar动态动词与静态动词的区别
Grammar Workshop Dynamic vs. State VerbsDynamic VerbsDynamic verbs describe activities, events and actions that can begin and finish. Dynamic verbs can be used in continuous tenses.The dynamic Verbs are divided into:activity verbsprocess verbstransitional events verbsmomentary verbsActivity Verbsare verbs that can be used in either continuous or simple tense without any change in meaning For example: They will be studying this afternoon. Vs. They will play this afternoon.(There is no change in meaning.)Here is a list some activity verbs:abandon askbegcall drink eathelplearnlistenlook atplayrainreadsayslicethrowwhisperworkwriteProcess Verbsare verbs that describe a process. These verbs can be used in either continuous or simple tense without any change in meaning.For example: With age people slow down. Vs. With age people are slowing down.Here is a list some activity verbs:change deteriorate growmatureslow down widenTransitional Events Verbsare verbs that differentiate between the beginning of an event or one complete action. Continuousforms indicate the beginning of an event while the simple forms describe a repetitive event or one single action.For example: She was leaving (when I came in). Vs. She left.arrive die falllandleave loseMomentary Verbsare verbs that show a short duration or a repetition. They are used in the continuous forms. For example: She is kicking the table. Vs. He has been nodding in agreement.hit jump kickknocknod tapState/stative VerbsRefer to a state or condition that is static or unchanging. These verbs cannot be normally used with continuous tenses. Some of them, however, can be used with continuous tenses with a change in meaning. Stative Verbs are generally divided into three categoriesrelational verbsperception verbscognition categoriesRelational verbs are verbs that almost never form continuous forms.We say: It belongs to me. not It is belonging to me. or I deserve. not I am deserving it.Here is a list of relational verbs:belong to concern consist of contain cost depend ondeserveequalfithaveincludeinvolvelackmatterneedoweownpossessrequirerequireresembleseemsoundPerception Verbs are verbs that can form a continuous form but with the change in the regular meaning.Here is a list and a detailed description of the perception verbs:smell taste see hearsmellShe is smelling the roses. - The continuous form expresses a voluntary action.They smell wonderful. - The simple form expresses an involuntary action something that just happened and cannot be controlled.tasteShe is tasting the soup. - The continuous form expresses a voluntary action.It tastes great. - The simple form expresses an involuntary action something that justhappened and cannot be controlled.seeExample Form MeaningI see.Simple Present I understand.I see him now. Present Continuous I see him with my eyes.I am seeing images.Present Continuous Mental illnessI am seeing my dentist tonight.Present Continuous AppointmentShe has been seeing him forPresent Continuous Datingthree months.hearI hear you now.(You don't need to shout.) - The simple form means I hear you with myears. (I'm perceiving).I am hearing some voices. - The continuous form means a mental illness.Cognition Verbs are verbs that may not form a continuous tense at all or when they are used in a continuous form their regular meaning changes.Cognition Verbs that hardly ever form a continuous form:abhor adore astonish believe desire detest dislike doubt forgive hateimagineimpressintendknowlikelovemeanmindperceivepleasepreferpresupposerealizerecallrecognizeregardsatisfysupposeunderstandHere is a list of cognition verbs that form a continuous form with a change in meaning:feel think wish havefeelExample Form MeaningI am not feeling well.Continuous Healthy/unhealthyI feel good.Simple Expresses a mood.I am feeling the fabric.Continuous Touching/voluntary actionIt feels soft.Simple Involuntary actionthinkExample Form MeaningI think it’s a good idea.Simple OpinionI am thinking about the exam.Continuous Mental ProcesswishExample Form MeaningI wish I ha a car.Simple A wishI am wishing for a new car.Continuous Present imaginationhaveExample Form MeaningI have a car.Simple PossessionI am having a good time.Continuous Not a possession。
动态性动词和静态性动词
动态性动词和静态性动词动态性动词与静态性动词（1）Dynamic Verb and Static Verb英语动词按其是否可以用于进行时态的语义特征，可以分为动态性动词和静态性动词。
大量的动词是动态性的，可以用于进行时态。
有一些动词是静态性的，不能用于进行时态。
还有不少动词，兼有动态与静态两种特性，而其含义是不同的。
动态性动词与静态性动词的用法有四个不同之处：（1）动态性动词可用于进行时态，而静态性动词则不可。
这是两种动词最根本的区别，例如：1）John is writing to his father．（约翰正在给他的父亲写信。
）2）John resembles his father．（约翰长得像他的父亲。
）John is resembling his father．（Impossible）3）John is painting his house．（约翰正在油漆他的房子。
）4）John owns a house．（约翰拥有一所房子。
）John is owning a house．（Impossible）有些动词可兼作两类动词，但意思不同。
动词“hold”的句子主语是人，则作“握住”解，是个动态性动同；句子主语是处所，则作“容纳”解，是个静态性动词，例如：5）a．John is holding a ball in his hands．b．John has a ball in his hands．（约翰正用两手握住球。
）6）a．The bus holds 50 people．b．50 people can sit in the bus．（这辆公共汽车能坐五十人。
）动词have可兼作两种类型。
当作动态性动词用时，表示动作的发生或过程，相当于take，get，receive，eat，drink等词，可用于进行时态。
当作静态性动词用时，表示“拥有”的概念，相当于own，possess等词，没有进行时态，例如：7）a．I was having my coffee quietly．b．I was drinking my coffee quietly．（当时我正在默默地喝咖啡。
动态动词与静态动词
动态动词与静态动词
根据词义特点，动词可分为动态动词和静态动词。
动态动词主要指动作动词，而静态动词则主要指表示情感、内心活动、感觉、相互关系等的动词
He wrote some letters. 他写了一些信。
(write 为动态动词)
The girls are dancing. 女孩子们在跳舞。
(dance 为动态动词)
I think he is honest. 我认为他是诚实的。
(think 和is均为静态动词)
Everyone likes her. 人人都喜欢她。
(like 为静态动词)
有的动词既可用作静态动词也可用作动态动词，只是含义不同
He has a lot of friends. 他有许多朋友。
(have为静态动词)
He is having supper. 他在吃晚饭。
(have为动态动词)
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静态动词与动态动词
动词按其词汇意义可分为动态动词（Dynamic Verb）和静态动词（Static Verb）。
1）动态动词表示一种运动状态，绝大多数动词是动态动词。
动态动词既可用于进行体，也可用于非进行体。
动态动词大体分为三类：
a）表示持续动作的动词：drink，eat，read，write，walk，run，play，talk，fly，watch 等。
b）表示短暂动作的动词：leave，go，come，see，arise，break，open，meet，close，join，jump，admit，discover等。
c）表示位移或状态改变的动词：become，turn，grow，change，come，
go等。
例 1 He is writing a letter to his friend．
他正在给朋友写信。
例 2 He closed the windows．
他关上了窗子。
例 3 The leaves on the tress are turning green．
树叶正在转绿。
例 4 He changed his mind．
他改变了想法。
2）静态动词表示一种相对静止的动词，常用于非进行体，也可归纳为三类：
a）表示各种关系的动词：如contain，belong，consist of，have，concern，owe，involve，resemble，differ，exist，hold，cost，fit，lack，matter，compare，deserve，measure，weigh等。
b）表示感觉感知的动词：如feel，see，taste，smell，hear等。
c）表示心理状态的动词：如think，believe，know，consider，hope，want，mean，forget，remember，expect，understand，leave，hate，regret，envy，admire，suppose，fear，care等。
例 1 The hall can contain 1,000 people.
大厅可以容纳1000人。
例 2 The report consists of five parts.
这个报告包括五部分。
例 3 The camera cost ￥200.
这架照相机值200元。
例 4 The little girl saw a black dog beside the door.
小女孩看见门边有只黑狗。
例 5 He hates being pushed around.
他讨厌任人摆布。