考研英语阅读模拟题(8)
考研英语阅读模拟试题及答案解析（八）2
.（D）意为：除海洛因或可卡因外，许多其他物质也是有害的。
第⼀段最后⼀句指出，许多医⽣（physician）和⼼理学家常使⽤物质滥⽤⽽不是药物滥⽤这⼀概念，他们想以此说明：滥⽤像烟酒这样的物质与滥⽤海洛因和可卡因⼀样有害。
A 意为：如果⾮法使⽤，物质可能改变我们⾝体或⼤脑的功能。
第⼀段第⼀句对药物这⼀概念下了⼀个定义：从专业⾓度来讲，除⾷品以外，任何改变我们的⾝体或⼤脑功能的物质都是药物。
但是，正如第⼆句所指出的，许多⼈错误地认为药物这⼀概念仅指某种医药或嗜毒者⽤的⾮法化学药品。
B 意为：药物滥⽤仅限指⼀少部分⼈的吸毒⾏为。
C 意为：烟酒同海洛因和可卡因⼀样致命。
这⾥，fatal（致命的）⼀词太夸张了，与原⽂中所说的有害（harmfully）相去甚远。
2.（A）该词意为：普通的，⼴泛的。
事实上，由第⼆段第⼀句的冒号后部分所表达的内容，我们可以推断出该词的意思。
该句可译为：在我们⽣活的社会⾥，医⽤或社交⽤物质（药物）⼴泛存在，如：⽤阿斯匹林制⽌头痛，⽤酒交际，早晨⽤咖啡振作⼀下精神，抽⽀烟定定神（或：松弛⼀下）。
B 意为：压倒⼀切的，占主流的。
C 意为：尖锐的，尖的。
D 意为：时髦的，流⾏的。
3.（A）意为：长时间⽆节制地嗜⽤它们。
根据第⼆段第四、五句，频繁使⽤（repeated use）某种物质（药物）会使⾝体对之上瘾或形成依赖。
依赖起先表现为耐药量（tolerance）的增加：要达到满⾜，需要的剂量越来越多；停⽌服⽤后，⼀些不舒服的反应就会出现。
可见，⽤药量和⽤药时间是造成药物依赖的两个重要因素。
B 意为：仅将它们⽤于社交⽬的。
⽂章第⼆段第⼀句确实提到了像酒这样的物质可以⽤于社交⽬的，但这不等于说只有⽤于社交⽬的的物质才可以使⼈上瘾。
C 意为：将它们⼤量地⽤来治病。
量⼤仅是可能产⽣药物依赖的原因之⼀，⽽频繁使⽤也是形成药物依赖的重要条件。
D 意为：粗⼼使⽤它们⽽产⽣不良症状。
2018年考研英语阅读模拟题及答案【八篇】
【导语】想要考研阅读题多拿分，就需要多做练习。
以下是为⼤家整理的《2018年考研英语阅读模拟题及答案【⼋篇】》供您查阅。
【第⼀篇】At 18， Ashanthi DeSilva of suburban Cleveland is a living symbol of one of the great intellectual achievements of the 20th century. Born with an extremely rare and usually fatal disorder that left her without a functioning immune system (the “bubble-boy disease，” named after an earlier victim who was kept alive for years in a sterile plastic tent)， she was treated beginning in 1990 with a revolutionary new therapy that sought to correct the defect at its very source， in the genes of her white blood cells. It worked. Although her last gene-therapy treatment was in 1992， she is completely healthy with normal immune function， according to one of the doctors who treated her， W. French Anderson of the University of Southern California. Researchers have long dreamed of treating diseases from hemophilia to cancer by replacing mutant genes with normal ones. And the dreaming may continue for decades more. “There will be a gene-based treatment for essentially every disease，” Anderson says， “within 50 years.” It's not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Anderson's early success. The National Institutes of Health budget office estimates it will spend $432 million on gene-therapy research in 2005， and there is no shortage of promising leads. The therapeutic genes are usually delivered through viruses that don't cause human disease. “The virus is sort of like a Trojan horse，” says Ronald Crystal of New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical College. “The cargo is the gene.” At the University of Pennsylvania's Abramson Cancer Center， immunologist Carl June recently treated HIV patients with a gene intended to help their cells resist the infection. At Cornell University， researchers are pursuing gene-based therapies for Parkinson's disease and a rare hereditary disorder that destroys children's brain cells. At Stanford University and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia， researchers are trying to figure out how to help patients with hemophilia who today must inject themselves with expensive clotting drugs for life. Animal experiments have shown great promise. But somehow， things get lost in the translation from laboratory to patient. In human trials of the hemophilia treatment，patients show a response at first， but it fades over time. And the field has still not recovered from the setback it suffered in 1999， when Jesse Gelsinger， an 18-year-old with a rare metabolic disorder， died after receiving an experimental gene therapy at the University of Pennsylvania. Some experts worry that the field will be tarnished further if the next people to benefit are not patients but athletes seeking an edge. This summer， researchers at the Salk Institute in San Diego said they had created a “marathon mouse” by implanting a gene that enhances running ability; already， officials at the World Anti-Doping Agency are preparing to test athletes for signs of “gene doping.” But the principle is the same， whether you're trying to help a healthy runner run faster or allow a muscular-dystrophy patient to walk. “Everybody recognizes that gene therapy isa very good idea，” says Crystal. “And eventually it's going to work.” 1. The case of Ashanthi Desilva is mentioned in the text to ____________. [A] show the promise of gene-therapy [B] give an example of modern treatment for fatal diseases [C] introduce the achievement of Anderson and his team [D] explain how gene-based treatment works 2. Anderson‘s early success has ________________. [A] greatly speeded the development of medicine [B] brought no immediate progress in the research of gene-therapy [C] promised a cure to every disease [D] made him a national hero 3. Which of the following is true according to the text? [A] Ashanthi needs to receive gene-therapy treatment constantly. [B] Despite the huge funding， gene researches have shown few promises. [C] Therapeutic genes are carried by harmless viruses. [D] Gene-doping is encouraged by world agencies to help athletes get better scores. 4. The word “tarnish” (line 5， paragraph 4) most probably means ____________. [A] affect [B] warn [C] trouble [D] stain 5. From the text we can see that the author seems ___________. [A] optimistic [B] pessimistic [C] troubled [D] uncertain 答案：A B C D A【第⼆篇】According to psychologists(⼼理学家), an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. if the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. it can be created by a person's thoughts. Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion. Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion: positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear,despair, sadness, and disgust. in growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy. Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them. in order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion. Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination. 56. We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something___________. A)one thinks bad or good B)one feels in danger C)one faces in the outside world D)one tries to escape from real life 57. Which of the following is NOT true? A)Children learn emotions as they grow up. B)Babies are born with emotions. C)Emotions fall into two types in general. D)People can cope with the negative emotions in life. 58. The author's purpose of writing this passage is to___________. A) explain why people have emotions B) show how people avoid the negative emotions C) explain what people should do before emotions D) define and classify people's emotions 59. We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam if___________. A) he can not think properly B) he can't pay attention to it C) he can't pay attention to it D) he is not full of energy 60. As used in the last sentence, the word drains means___________. A) stops B) ties C) weakens D) flows gradually 答案1.A2.B3.D4.B5.C【第三篇】。
2023年英语专八新题型阅读模拟训练附详细答案解析
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM OF CISISUMODEL TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS （1）-GRADE EIGHT-PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONEFrom the Chrysler Corporation to the Central Intelligence Agency, cultural diversity programs are flourishing in American organizations today. Firms can no longer safely assume that every employee walking in the door has similar beliefs or expectations. Whereas North American white males may believe in challenging authority, Asians tend to respect and defer to it. In Hispanic cultures, people often bring music, food, and family members to work, a custom that U.S. businesses have traditionally not allowed. A job applicant who won't make eye contact during an interview may be rejected for being unapproachable, when according to her culture, she was just being polite.As a larger number of women, minorities, and immigrants enter the U.S. work force, the workplace is growing more diverse. It is estimated that by 2023 women will make up about 48 percent of the U.S. work force, and African Americans and Hispanics will each account for about 11 percent; by the year 2050, minorities will make up over 50 percent of the American population.Cultural diversity refers to the differences among people in a work force due to race, ethnicity, and gender. Increasing cultural diversity is forcing managers to learn to supervise and motivate people with a broader range of values systems. According to a recent survey by the American Management Association, half of all U.S. employers have established some kind of formal initiative to promote and manage cultural diversity. Although demographics isn't the only reason for the growth of these programs, it is a compelling one. An increasing number of organizationshave come to believe that diversity, like quality and customer service, is a competitive edge. A more diverse work force provides a wider range of ideas and perspectives and fosters creativity and innovation. Avenues for encouraging diversity include recruiting at historically black colleges and universities, training and development, mentoring, and revamped promotion review policies. To get out the message about their commitment to diversity, many organizations establish diversity councils made up of employees, managers and executives.Although many Fortune 500 companies are making diversity part of their strategic planning process, some programs stand out from the crowd.At Texas Instruments, strategies for enhancing diversity include an aggressive recruiting plan, diversity training, mentoring, and an incentive compensation program that rewards managers for fostering diversity. Each business unit has a diversity manager who implements these strategies and works closely with the company's Diversity Network. The network provides a forum of employees to share ideas, solicit support, and build coalitions.Convinced that strengthening diversity is a business imperative, Du Pont has established several programs to achieve that goal. In addition to training workshops and mentoring, Du Pont has established over 100 multicultural networks through which employees share work and life experiences and strive to help women and minorities reach higher levels of leadership and responsibility within the organization. Over half of Du Pont's new hires for professional and managerial positions are minorities and women.Disney World's director of diversity wants theme park guests to see themselves reflected in the diversity of Disney's employees. Working to attract diverse employees, Disney hopes to convince them that the organization understands, respects, and values who they are. By holding a variety of diversity celebrations every year—including Dr. Martin Luther King's Birthday, Asian-Pacific Heritage Month, Hispanic Heritage Month, Disability Awareness Month, and Native American Heritage Month—Disney opens the door to this kind of understanding.What do we learn from strong, successful diversity program such as these, as well as similar programs at Microsoft, Xerox, Procter & Gamble and Digital Equipment Corporation? First, they can go a long way toward eliminating prejudice in the workplace and removing barriers to advancement. Second, to be more than just the latest corporate buzzword, diversity programs require commitment from the top and a culture that supports an inclusive environment.1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as cultural diversity in the passage?A. Asian people tend to show submissiveness to their seniors.B. Spanish-speaking people enjoy gathering with their family members.C. African people try to avoid eye contact to show their respect.D. Americans might be innovators defying the experts in some fields.2.For a company to be successful in business, it should do all of the following EXCEPT to_________A. set up a division to supervise its employees.B. provide its clients with good services.C. guarantee the products it has produced.D. take in employees with different cultural background.3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that diversity programs____________A. have been put into practice by dozens of big corporations.B. may provide the minorities with more chances.C. make no demand of managers.D. have an effect on employees' motivation.PASSAGE TWOMany thoughtful parents want to shield their children from feelings of guilt or shame in much the same way that they want to spare them from fear. Guilt and shame as methods of discipline are to be eschewed along with raised hands and leather straps. Fear, guilt and shame as methods of moral instruction are seen as failures in decent parenting. Parents want their children to be happy and how can you feel happy when you are feeling guilty, fearful or ashamed? If we were really convinced that using fear, guilt or shame as methods of discipline worked, though, we might be more ready to use them as techniques. But we aren't convinced that this is the case. We won't have more socially responsible people if fear, guilt and shame are part of their disciplinary diet as children. Instead, we will simply have unhappy people. Responsible behavior has nothing to do with the traditional methods of raising moral children.This doesn't mean that guilt isn't an important feeling. It is. Guilt helps keep people on the right moral track. But guilt is a derivative emotion, one that follows from having violated an internalized moral standard. This is far differentthan making someone feel guilty in order to create the standard in the first instance.My wife once edited a magazine about hunger. A view held by many associated with the sponsoring organization claimed: You can't get people to give money to starving children by making them feel guilty. So the magazine didn't show pictures of starving children, children with doleful eyes. Instead, there were photos of women in the fields, portraits of peasant farmers and pictures of political organizers. But the publishers weren't completely right about believing that guilt-inducing pictures don't lead to moral action. In fact, it was the graphic pictures of starving children in Somalia that called the world's attention to the dire situation there. The power of television is that it does bring images of others' tragedies directly into our home. No rational analysis can do the same. When we are moved to pity, we should also be moved to action.If we don't do anything, then we feel guilty. We become part of the problem we see and feel guilty for letting bad things happen to people. How can I, good person that I am, let this continue? What have pricked the conscience here are guilty feelings.Guilty feelings arise when we have violated a moral norm that we accept as valid. A person who feels guilty, notes philosopher Herbert Morris, is one who has internalized norms and, as such, is committed to avoiding wrong. The mere fact that the wrong is believed to have occurred, regardless of who bears responsibility for it, naturally causes distress. When we are attached to a person, injury to that person causes us pain regardless of who or what has occasioned the injury. We needn't believe that we had control over hurting (or not helping) another person in order to feel guilty.Psychologists Nico Frijda and Batja Mesquita of the University of Amsterdam find that people feel guilty about having harmed someone even when it was accidental. Nearly half the people they interviewed felt guilty for having caused unintended harm, such as hurting one's mother when leaving home to marry.Unintentional harm may lead to as strong guilty feelings as intentional harm. In other words, being careless is as much a source of guilt as intentional harm. We say, If only I had been more careful, If only I had paid more attention, If only I were a better driver. The fact that a court may not even bring charges against you in the first place may help to assuage some of the pain but it doesn't remove all the feelings of guilt.The feeling is useful in so far as it makes us more cautious, makes us better drivers or moves us to sociallyresponsible action. The sociopath never experiences such feelings and therefore poses a danger to society; the neurotic experiences so much of it that he can't function normally in society.Feeling guilty for harm you have caused when you aren't responsible is possible because there is a more generalized readiness to accept responsibility for your actions. Guilt arises when we think we have had choices and then have made the wrong moral choice. Guilt and responsibility appear to go together. If we do harm and feel no guilty, then we don't believe we are responsible for what we've done. This means that we see ourselves as victims—of circumstances, of coercion, of ignorance and so forth.Remember that people who think of themselves as victims do so because they believe they have no control over events in their lives. They don't feel responsible and therefore don't feel guilty either. Several tactics can be used in disavowing responsibility: following the crowd, it is someone else's problem, it was done under coercion.None of us is perfect and that we live in an imperfect world. This means that we can't avoid hurting others. If we accept this, then we have to accept guilty feelings as a consequence of being moral people.4. Which of the following statements about guilt might the writer agree with?A. Guilt is used as a method to discipline children.B. To set up a moral standard, you should feel guilty.C. Guilt is a feeling that comes with breaking some moral standard.D. The feeling of guilt often goes together with shame and fear.5. The publishers of the magazine mentioned in the third paragraph thinkA. guilt-inducing photos can bring on moral action.B. it's not sure whether guilt-inducing photos bring on moral action.C. guilt-inducing photos partially help bring on moral action.D. moral action has nothing to do with guilt-inducing photos.6. People will feel painful when a person_____ is hurt no matter what causes the injury.A. they knowB. they loveC. they hateD. they value7. The writer mentions_____ as a pair to indicate that people should have moderate feelings of guilt.A. eccentric people and fashionable peopleB. overanxious people and less sociable peopleC. sociable people and healthy peopleD. reserved people and radical people8. Which of the following is NOT an excuse some people make for denying their responsibility?A. They went with the stream.B. They were misled by others.C. They were forced to do it.D. Other people should bear the blame.PASSAGE THREEHigh, high above the North Pole, on the first day of 1969, two professors of English literature approached each other at a combined velocity of 1,200 miles’ hour. They were protected from the thin, cold air by the pressurized cabins of two Boeing 707s, and from the risk of collision by the prudent arrangement of the international air corridors. Although they had never met, the two men were known to each other by name. They were, in fact, in process of exchanging posts for the next six months, and in an age of more leisurely transportation the intersection of their respective routes might have been marked by some interesting human gesture: had they waved, for example, from the decks of two ocean liners crossing in mid-Atlantic, each man simultaneously focusing a telescope, by chance, on the other, with his free hand; or, more plausibly, a little mime of mutual appraisal might have been played out through the windows of two railway compartments halted side by side at the same station somewhere in Hampshire or the Mid-West, the more self-conscious party relieved to feel himself, at last, moving off, only to discover that it is the other man's train that is moving first...However, it was not to be. Since the two men were in airplanes, and one was bored and the other frightened of looking out of the window; since, in any ease, the planes were too distant from each other to be mutually visible with the naked eye, the crossing of their paths at the still point of the turning world passed unremarked by anyone other than the narrator of this duplex chronicle.“Duplex” as well as having the general meaning of two-fold applies in the jargon of electrical telegraphy to systems in which messages are sent simultaneously in opposite directions. Imagine, if you will, that each of these two professors of English Literature is connected to his native land, place of employment and domestic hearth by an infinitely elastic cord of emotions, attitudes and values: a cord which stretches and stretches almost to the point of invisibility, but never quite to breaking-point, as he hurtles through the air at 600 miles per hour. Imagine that when the two men alight in each other’s' territory, and go about their business and pleasure, whatever vibrations are passed back by one to his native habitat will be felt by the other, and vice versa, and thus return to the transmitter subtlymodified by the response of the other party; may, indeed, return to him along the other party's cord of communication, which is, after all anchored in the place where he has just arrived.One of these differences we can take in at a glance from our privileged narrative altitude (higher than that of any jet).It is obvious, from his stiff, upright posture, and fulsome gratitude to the stewardess serving him a glass of orange juice, that Philip Swallow, flying westward, is unaccustomed to air travel; while to Morris Zapp, slouched in the seat of his eastbound aircraft, chewing a dead cigar (a hostess has made him extinguish it) and glowering at the meager portion of ice dissolving in his plastic tumbler of bourbon, the experience of long-distance air travel is tediously familiar. Philip Swallow has, in fact, flown before; but so seldom, and at such long intervals9that on each occasion he suffers the same trauma, an alternating current of fear and re-assurance that charges and relaxes his system in a persistent and exhausting rhythm.While he is on the ground, preparing for his journey, he thinks of flying with exhilaration: soaring up, up and away into the blue sky, cradled in aircraft that seem, from a distance, effortlessly at home in that element, as though sculpted from the sky itself. This confidence begins to fade a little when he arrives at the airport and winces at the shrill screaming of jet engines. In the sky the planes look very small. On the runways they look very big. Therefore, close up they should look even bigger but in fact they don't. His own plane, for instance, just outside the window of the assembly lounge, doesn't look quite big enough for all the people who are going to get into it. This impression is confirmed when he passes through the tunnel into the cabin of the aircraft, a cramped tube full of writhing limbs. But when he, and the other passengers, are seated, well-being returns. The seats are 80 remarkably comfortable that one feels quite content to stay put, but it is reassuring that the aisle is free should one wish to walk up it. There is soothing music playing. The lighting is restful. A stewardess offers him the morning paper. His baggage is safely stowed away in the plane somewhere, or if it is not, that isn't his fault, which is the main thing. Flying is, after all, the only way to travel.9. When the writer talks about two ships and two trains, in fact he is_________A. recalling his past experience.B. expressing his regret over his past time.C. imagining what might have happened in the past.D. reminding the reader that we owe our convenience to them.10. According to the passage, _____connects the two professors with their motherlands.A. a springy ropeB.an invisible feelingC. a series of eventsD. telecommunication11. The word “fulsome” in the third paragraph probably means_________A. polite.B. superfluous.C. insincere.D. euphemistic.PASSAGE FOUROur next task is to consider the policies and principles a ruler ought to follow in dealing with his subjects or with his friends. Since I know many people have written on this subject, I am concerned it may be thought presumptuous for me to write on it as well, especially since what I have to say, as regards this question in particular, will differ greatly from the recommendations of others. But my hope is to write a book that will be useful, at least to those who read it intelligently, and so I thought it sensible to go straight to a discussion of how things are in real life and not waste time with a discussion of an imaginary world. For many authors have constructed imaginary republics and principalities that have never existed in practice and never could; for the gap between how people actually behave and how they ought to behave is so great that anyone who ignores everyday reality in order to live up to an ideal will soon discover he has been taught how to destroy himself, not how to preserve himself. For anyone who wants to act the part of a good man in all circumstances will bring about his own ruin, for those he has to deal with will not all be good. So it is necessary for a ruler, if he wants to hold on to Power, to learn how not to be good, and to know when it is and when it is not necessary to use this knowledge.Let us leave to one side, then all discussion of imaginary rulers and talk about practical realities. I maintain that all men, when people talk about them, and especially rulers, because they hold positions of authority, are described in terms of qualities that are inextricably linked to censure or to praise. So one man is described as generous, another as a miser; one is called open-handed, another tight-fisted; one man is cruel, another gentle; one untrustworthy9another reliable; one effeminate and cowardly, another bold and violent; one sympathetic, another self-important; one promiscuous, another monogamous; one straightforward, another duplicitous; one tough, another easy-going; one serious, another cheerful; one religious, another atheistically; and so on.Now I know everyone will agree that if a ruler could have all the good qualities I have listed and none of the bad ones, then this would be an excellent state of affairs. But one cannot have all the good qualities, nor always act in a praiseworthy fashion, for we do not live in an ideal world. You have to be canny enough to avoid being thoughtto have those evil qualities that would make it impossible for you to retain power; as for those that are compatible with holding on to power, you should avoid them if you can; but if you cannot, then you should not worry too much if people say you have them. Above all, do not be upset if you are supposed to have those vices a ruler needs if he is going to stay securely in power, for, if you think about it, you will realize there are some ways of behaving that are supposed to be virtuous, but would lead to your downfall, and others that are supposed to be wicked，but will lead to your welfare and peace of mind.12. The word “presumptuous” in the first paragraph probably means__________A. showing dishonesty.B. showing rebellion.C. showing submission.D. showing disrespect.13. If a ruler follows other authors' suggestion, he mightA. try his best to be a good egg all the time.B. understand the importance of an authoritative statement.C. try to gain great fame and high prestige.D. know when to be kind and when to be cruel.14.In the book, the author's discussion most likely focuses onA. presenting a real world to his readers.B. describing an ideal society to his readers.C. explaining how to construct a perfect system.D. illustrating what a wise ruler should do. SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE15. Why does the author mention Du Pont’s diversity programs in the sixth paragraph?PASSAGE TWO16. What does the word “assuage” in the seventh paragraph mean?PASSAGE THREE17. Why did the two professors of English literature take their flights?18. What does “the same trauma” refer to in the third paragraph?19. When does Philip Swallow feel comfortable?PASSAGE FOUR20. What is the generally accepted state of highest perfection for a ruler?21. What does a ruler need if he wants to secure the power in his own hands?22. What would be a suitable title for the passage?参考答案及解析1参考答案：C细节题。
2023年专八英语阅读考试模拟题带答案解析
2023年专八英语阅读考试模拟题带答案解析2023年专八英语阅读考试模拟题带答案解析1.The black and white stripes of the zebra are most useful form ___________[A]hunters.[B]nocturnal predators[C]lions and tigers.[C]insectivorous Vertrbrata2.Aggressive resemblance occurs when ___________[A]a predaceous attitude is assumed.[B]special resemblance is utilized.[C]an animal relies on speed.3.Special resemblance differs from general resemblance in that the animal relies on ___________[A]its ability to frighten its adversary.[B]speed.[C]its ability to assume an attitude.[D]mistaken identify4.The title below that best expresses the ides of this passage is ___________[A]Cryptic coloration for Protection.[B]How Animals Survive.[C]The uses of Mimicry in Nature.[D]Resemblances of Animals.5.Of the following which is the least mon?[A]protective resemblance.[B]General resemblance.[C]Aggressive resemblance.[D]Special resemblance.Vocabulary1. cryptic 隐藏的，保护的cryptic coloring 保护色，隐藏色2. predaceous 食肉的，捕食其他动物的。
考研英语阅读理解模拟题医学(8)
考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（8）Should doctor-assisted suicide ever be a legal option？It involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovery appear to be none.Those who argue against assisted suicide do so by considering the roles of the patient，the doctor，and nature in these situations.Should the patient take an active role in assisted suicide？ When apatient is terminally ill and in great pain，those who oppose assisted suicide say that it should not be up to that patient to decide what his or her fate will be.There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies，for example，nature.Neither science nor personal preference should take precedence over these larger forces.What role should the doctor have？Doctors，when taking the Hippocratic oath，swear to preserve life at all costs，and it is their ethical and legal duty to follow both the spirit and the letter of this oath.It is their responsibilities to heal the sick，and in the cases when healing is not possible ， then the doctor is obliged to make the dying person comfortable.Doctors are trained never to hasten death.Those who oppose assisted suicide believe that doctors who do help terminally ill patients die are committing a crime ， and they should be dealt with accordingly.Doctors are also，by virtue of their humanness ，capable of making mistakes.Doctors could quite possibly say，for instance，that acancer patient was terminal，and then the illness could later turn out not to be so serious.There is always an element of doubt concerning the future outcome of human affairs.The third perspective to consider when thinking about assisted suicide is the role of nature.Life is precious.Many people believe that it is not upto human beings to decide when to end their own or another‘s life.Only nature determines when it is the right time for a person to die.To assistsomeone in suicide is not only to break criminal laws，but to break divine 1aws as well.These general concerns of those who oppose assisted suicide are validin certain contexts of the assisted suicide question.For instance，patients cannot always be certain of their medical conditions.Pain cloudsjudgment，and so the patient should not be the sole arbiter of her or his own destiny.Patients do not usually choose the course of their medical treatment，so they shouldn‘t be held completely responsible for decisions related to it.Doctors are also fallible ，and it is understandable that they would not want to make the final decision about when death should occur.Since doctors are trained to prolong life，they usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted suicide.I believe that blindly opposing assisted suicide does no one a service.If someone is dying of cancer and begging to be put out of his or her misery，and someone gives that person a deadly dose of morphine，that seems merciful rather than criminal.If we can agree to this ，then I think we could also agree that having a doctor close by measuring the dosage and advising the family and friends is a reasonablerequest.Without the doctor‘s previous treatment，the person would have surely been dead already.Doctors have intervened for months or even years，so why not sanction this final，merciful intervention ？Life is indeed precious，but an inevitable part of life is death，and it should be precious，too.If life has become an intolerable pain and intense suffering，then it seems that in order to preserve dignity and beauty，one should have the right to end her or his suffering quietly，surely，and with family and friends nearby.1.In this passage “doctor-assisted suicide ”uallyact refers to the practice that doctors____.[A]kill their patients by intentional inducement[B]unconsciously help their patients to commit suicide[c]propose euthanasia（安乐死） to the terminally illpatient [D]kill their patients with improper prescription2.People may object to doctor-assisted suicide on the groundthat____.[A]patients should determine when they want to end their lives[B]doctors should be punished if they fail to save their patients[C]doctors may make mistakes in their diagnosis[D]doctors should wait until their patients‘ death is certain3.Who has the power to decide when a person should die according to those who argue against assisted suicide？[A]The patient. [B]The doctor.[C]Nature. [D]None of the above.4.When speaking of the role patients play in assisted suicide，the author admits that____.[A]it is not up to them to make the choice[B]science is a better arbiter than their personal preference[C]personal preference should not be taken too seriously[D]they are unable to make the choice in some cases5.The author makes it clear that____.[A]he is opposed to doctor-assisted suicide[B]he is in favor of doctor-assisted suicide[C]he neither objects to nor favors doctor-assisted suicide[D]he thinks it better to leave the issue undiscussed at present1.[C] 第一段第二句其实是 doctor-assisted suicide的定义。
英语考研模考试题及答案
英语考研模考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题2分）1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of environmental protection.B) The impact of technology on the environment.C) The benefits of sustainable development.D) The challenges of urbanization.答案：B2. According to the author, which of the following is the most effective way to reduce pollution?A) Recycling.B) Using public transportation.C) Planting more trees.D) Developing renewable energy.答案：D3. What does the author suggest about the future of cities?A) They will become more crowded.B) They will rely more on technology.C) They will be more sustainable.D) They will have fewer natural resources.答案：C4. What is the author's opinion on the role of individuals in environmental protection?A) It is not significant.B) It is crucial.C) It is limited.D) It is optional.答案：B5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage asa solution to environmental problems?A) Reducing waste.B) Encouraging carpooling.C) Implementing stricter regulations.D) Banning the use of plastics.答案：D二、完形填空（共20分，每题1分）In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of environmental protection. Many people are now taking action to reduce their carbon footprint and live more sustainable lifestyles. However, it is not just individuals who can make a difference; businesses and governments also have a role to play.6. ______, the environment is a global issue that affects everyone.A) ThereforeB) ConsequentlyC) MoreoverD) Otherwise答案：A7. ______, many companies have started to implement eco-friendly practices.A) As a resultB) In additionC) On the other handD) For instance答案：A8. ______, governments have introduced new laws to regulate pollution.A) SimilarlyB) LikewiseC) ConverselyD) Nevertheless答案：B9. ______, it is important to remember that change starts at home.A) FurthermoreB) AdditionallyC) HoweverD) Therefore答案：C10. ______, individuals can make a significant impact by adopting green habits.A) In conclusionB) In summaryC) UltimatelyD) Finally答案：C三、翻译（共20分，每题5分）11. 随着科技的发展，人们越来越依赖于互联网。
考研英语范文阅读模拟试题及答案解析（八）
Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase substance abuse is often used instead of drug abuse to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning mind-manifestation) because they seemed to radically alter one‘s state of consciousness. 59. Substances abuse (line 5, paragraph 1) is preferable to drug abuse in that ________. (A) substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used (B) drug abuse is only related to a limited number of drugtakers (C) alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine (D) many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous 60. The word pervasive (line 1, paragraph 2) might mean ________. (A) widespread (B) overwhelming (C) piercing (D) fashionable 61. Physical dependence on certain substances results from ________. (A) uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time (B) exclusive use of them for social purposes (C) quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases (D) careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms 62. From the last paragraph we can infer that ________. (A) stimulants function positively on the mind (B) hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health (C) depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances (D) the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groups 答案及试题解析 59.（D）意为：除海洛因或可卡因外，许多其他物质也是有害的。
英语专业八级模拟试题(阅读练习)
英语专业八级模拟试题(阅读练习)A magazines design is more than decoration,more than simple packaging.It expresses the magazines very character.The Atlantic Monthly has long attempted to provide a design environment in which two disparate traditions --literary and journalistic -- can co-exist in pleasurable dignity. The redesign that we introduce with this issue -- the work of our art director, Judy Garlan -- represents, we think, a notable enhancement of that environment. Garlan explains some of what was in her mind as she began to create the new design:" I saw this as an opportunity to bring the look closer to matching the elegance and power of the writing which the magazine is known for. The overall design has to be able to encompass a great diversity of styles and subjects -- urgent pieces of reporting, serious essays, lighter pieces,lifestyle-oriented pieces,short stories,poetry. We dont want lighter pieces to seem too heavy, and we dont want heavier pieces to seem too pretty. We also use a broad range of art and photography, and the design has to work well with that, too. At the same time, the magazine needs to have a consistent feel,needs to underscore the sense that everything in it is part of one Atlantic world. The primary typefaces Garlan chose for this task are Times Roman, for a more readable body type, and Bauer Bodoni,for a more stylish and flexible display type(article titles, large initials, and so on). Other aspects of the new design are structural. The articles in the front of the magazine, which once flowed into one another, now stand on their own, to gain prominence. The Travel column, now featured in every issue, has been moved from the back to the front. As noted in this space last month, the word "Monthly" rejoins "The Atlantic" on the cover, after a decade-long absence. Judy Garlan came to the Atlantic in 1981 after having served as the art director of several other magazines.During her tenure here the Atlantic has won more than 300 awards for visual excellence.from the Society of illustrators,the American Institute of Graphic Arts,the Art Directors Club,Communication Arts, and elsewhere.Garlan was in various ways assisted in the redesign by the entire art-department staff: Robin Gilmore, Barnes, Betsy Urrico, Gillian Kahn,and Lisa Manning.The artist Nicholas Gaetano contributed as well: he redrew our colophon (the figure of Neptune that appears on the contents page)and created the symbols that will appear regularly on this page (a rendition of our building), on the Puzzler page, above the opening of letters, and on the masthead. Gaetano,whose work manages to combine stylish clarity and breezy strength, is the cover artist for this issue.11. Part of the new design is to be concerned with the following EXCEPT______A) variation in the typefaces.B) reorganization of articles in the front.C) creation of the travel column.D) reinstatement of its former name.12. According to the passage, the new design work involves ______A) other artists as well.B) other writers as well.C) only the cover artist.D) only the art director.13. This article aims to ______A) emphasize the importance of a magazine's design.B) introduce the magazine's art director.C) persuade the reader to subscribe to the magazine.D) inform the reader of its new design and features.TEXT BThis rather puts the 1,068 in Missing Persons in the shade. When Dr Nicholls wrote to the Spectator in 1989 asking for names of people whom readers had looked up in the DNB and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 100,000 suggestions. (Well, she had written to "other quality newspapers" too. ) As soon as her committee had whittled the numbers down,the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didnt file copy on time ; some who did sent too many: 50,000 words instead of 500 is a record, according Dr Nicholls. There remains the dinner-party game of whos out. That is a game that the reviewers have played and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry.After all,the original edition of the DNB boasted:Malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly less attention than benefactors.Mr.John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that,while the murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie was a force in the repeal of capital punishment in Britain, as Ludovie Kennedy (the author of Christie entry in Missing Persons) notes.But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy (he had tried to escaped by ship to America). It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. There has been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages.About their lives not much is always known. Of Hugo of Bury St. Edmunds, a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not recorded, his biographer comments:" Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter, the records f his activities as carver and manuscript painter attest to his versatility". Then there had to be more women, too (12 per cent, against the original DBNs 3), such as Roy Strongs subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks:" her most characteristic feature is ahead attached to a too small, spindly body. Her technique remained awkward, thin and often cursory". Doesnt seem to qualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed (such as Merlin) and even managed to give thanks to J. W. Clerke as a contributor, though , as a later edition admits in a shamefaced footnote, "except for the entry in the List of Contributors there is no trace of J. W. Clerke".14. The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying the latest volume ______A) because it is not worth the price.B) because it has fewer entries than before.C) unless one has all the volumes in his collection.D) unless an expanded DNB will come out shortly.15. On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, the writer seems to suggest that ______A) the editors had clear rules to follow.B) there were too many criminals in the entries.C)the editors clearly favoured benefactors.D) the editors were irrational in their choices.16. Crippen was absent from the DNB ______A) because he escaped to the U.S.B)because death sentence had been abolished.C) for reasons not clarified.D) because of the editors' mistake.17. The author quoted a few entries in the last paragraph to ______A) illustrate some features of the DNB.B) give emphasis to his argument.C) impress the reader with its content.D) highlight the people in the Middle Ages.18. Throughout the passage, the writer's tone towards the DNB was______A)complimentary.B) supportive.C) sarcastic.D) bitter.。
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考研英语阅读模拟题(8)
It’s plain common sense—the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It’s plain common sense, but it’s not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently.
People might think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two.
The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, but probably won’t make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.
Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling—happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They have also
begun to find out who’s happy, who isn’t and why. To date, the research hasn’t found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.
Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.
1. According to the text, it is true that
[A] unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.
[B] happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional.
[C] unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors.
[D] happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.
2. The author argues that one can achieve happiness by
[A] maintaining it at an average level.
[B] escaping miserable occurrences in life.
[C] pursuing it with one’s painstaking effort.
[D] realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.
3. The phrase “To date” (Para. 4) can be best replaced by
[A] As a result.
[B] In addition.
[C] At present.
[D] Until now.
4. What do you think the author believes about happiness and unhappiness?
[A] One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.
[B] They are independent but existing concurrently
[C] One feels happy by participating in more activities.
[D] They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.
5. The sentence “That’s that” (Para. 5) pr obably means: Some people are born to be sad
[A] and the situation cannot be altered.
[B] and happiness remains inaccessible.
[C] but they don’t think much about it.
[D] but they remain unconscious of it.
参考答案：A C D B A。